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Journal articles on the topic 'Cogeneration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 June 2024

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1

Bianchi, M., G. Negri di Montenegro, and A. Peretto. "Inverted Brayton Cycle Employment for Low-Temperature Cogenerative Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 3 (June 19, 2002): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1447237.

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The employment of cogeneration plants for thermal and electric power production is constantly increasing especially for low power requirements. In most cases, to match these low power needs, the cogeneration plant is built up with diesel or gasoline engine or with gas turbine units. In this paper, the performance, in terms of the most utilized cogenerative indexes, of an inverted Brayton cycle working with the gas exhausted by the open power plant have been evaluated. Subsequently, the analysis of a cogenerative gas turbine equipped with IBC was carried out and the benefits numerically calculated. It resulted that the IBC employment may increase of about five percentage points the plant electric efficiency, making this solution particularly attractive for cogenerative applications.

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2

Finke, Cody E., Hugo F. Leandri, Evody Tshijik Karumb, David Zheng, Michael R. Hoffmann, and Neil A. Fromer. "Economically advantageous pathways for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial hydrogen under common, current economic conditions." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 3 (2021): 1517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03768k.

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Almost all clean hydrogen that is used in industry is made by cogenerating low-cost hydrogen and other commodities. We propose a framework to make the world's hydrogen from low-cost cogeneration processes.

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3

Jarosz, Zbigniew, Magdalena Kapłan, Kamila Klimek, Barbara Dybek, Marcin Herkowiak, and Grzegorz Wałowski. "An Assessment of the Development of a Mobile Agricultural Biogas Plant in the Context of a Cogeneration System." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 12447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212447.

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This article presents examples of cogeneration systems, which are standard equipment for biogas installations, based on the production of heat and electricity. It has been shown that in the case of microgeneration, ease of servicing and low installation costs are crucial. Characteristic aspects of developing concepts for mobile installations (small scale) that produce biogas, often with a simple container structure that is ready to be located in the economic infrastructure of the agricultural industry, were indicated. Recommendations for the operation of micro-biogas models are presented, which have the greatest impact on the advisability of using agricultural waste for energy purposes. A characteristic farm was selected, which has a substrate necessary for the process of methane fermentation of slurry from pig farming. The cogenerator, which constitutes a potential energy demand from the point of view of Polish agriculture in the context of renewable energy production, was analyzed. The research goal was to adapt the cogenerator to the conditions existing on a farm, which should meet the technical and technological expectations for the process of managing the produced methane with a value of 80% in agricultural biogas. The assessment of the impact of the amount of biogas on the level of CO, NO, NO2 and PM emissions was carried out at a constant engine speed for various load levels; the percentage of biogas was changed from 40 to approximately 70–80%, i.e., until significant knocking combustion was detected in the tested engines. As a result, the existing control and control system for the operation of the cogeneration unit prevents the most effective mode of operation of the research installation as a prosumer micro-installation. When the AG20P biogas unit operated in parallel with the grid with an active power of up to 11.7 kW, the electricity produced by the unit met the adopted assumptions and requirements. What is new in this article is the use of a cogeneration unit that has been adapted to its functionality, taking into account the assessment of the prospects for optimizing the cogeneration system in the context of the use of renewable energy sources as agricultural biogas. The best method was to attempt to determine the operating conditions of the cogenerator to develop the optimization of a biogas cogeneration unit producing electricity and heat in a micro-installation for the needs of an individual farm.

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Battista, Gabriele, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Andrea Vallati, and Roberto de Lieto Vollaro. "Technical–Financial Feasibility Study of a Micro-Cogeneration System in the Buildings in Italy." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145512.

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The current global context, marked by crises such as climate change, the pandemic, and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, underscores the urgent need to minimize waste. Cogeneration technology, which enables simultaneous production of electricity and thermal energy from electricity generation waste, offers a promising solution to enhance energy efficiency. Its widespread adoption, particularly in the European Union, where several cogeneration systems are in place, demonstrates its growing popularity. Italy alone has 1865 high-efficiency cogeneration units, contributing significantly to total cogeneration energy generation. Micro-cogeneration, specifically, has attracted attention for its potential to reduce energy waste and environmental impact. This study focuses on assessing the technical and financial feasibility of a micro-cogeneration plant using natural gas-fuelled internal combustion engines, considering different scenarios of plant operating strategies in order to optimize energy production, minimize waste, and mitigate environmental footprints associated with conventional methods. Additionally, it provides valuable guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and decision-makers invested in sustainable energy solutions. By advancing micro-cogeneration technology, this study aims to promote a more sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to energy production. The methodology applied is based on the development of a numerical model via RETScreen Expert 8 and it was calibrated with one-year energy bills. The study was performed by focusing on the analysis of the annual energy savings, greenhouse gas emission savings, tonnes of oil equivalents savings, and financial parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) and Payback time (PBT). The results show, using a micro-cogeneration system in a big complex of buildings, that the financial parameters can continually increase with the plant’s capacity with the electrical load following, but with a loss of the recovered heat from the cogenerator because it may reach values that are not necessary for the users. When the thermal load variation is much more significant than the electrical load variation, it will be useful to design the plant to follow the thermal load variation which allows the full utilization of the thermal and energy production from the plant without any waste energy and choosing a system capacity that can optimize the energy, emissions and financial aspects.

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5

Stipanuk, David M., and Thomas G. Denlea. "Cogeneration." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 27, no. 3 (November 1986): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088048602700313.

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6

., Hariyanto, Enny Rosmawar Purba, Pratiwi ., and Budi Prasetyo. "Energy Saving through Implementation and Optimization of Small and Medium Scale Cogeneration Technology." KnE Energy 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v2i2.362.

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<p>Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is defined as the sequential generation of two different forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source.This paper deals with a comparison study on the aspects of energy efficiency and energy economics in commercial building and industrial plant utility using conventional system and cogeneration system. This study presents the performance test result of micro turbine cogeneration application (60 kW) pilot project in comercial building and optimization of existing cogeneration system (40 MW) at utility plant of industry. The micro turbine cogeneration application for generating electricity and hot water while médium scale of gas turbine cogeneration is introduced in order to improve plant efficiency of existing steam turbine cogeneration. We found that cogeneration would be a financially viable option for building and for small and large size industrial plants. </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Cogeneration; energy efficiency; gas turbine; microturbine; steam turbine.</p>

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7

Adamik, Piotr. "Evaluation of the use of cogeneration bonus as a support mechanism for the transformation of the heating system in Poland in 2019-2020." Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment 80, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.80.1.439.

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The development of cogeneration is an element of the transformation of the Polish heating sector. Consequently, the state applies various subsidy mechanisms. One of them is the cogeneration bonus, which is designed to stimulate investment in high-efficiency cogeneration. It consists in subsidizing the generated electricity to entities that won the cogeneration bonus auction and then made investments in new cogeneration engines. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of the cogeneration bonus. The thesis assumes that the cogeneration bonus, despite its supportive nature, is not used by investors. This is evidenced by the low level of contracting of subsidies available in individual auctions. To achieve the objective of the study, the ratio of the volume of contracted subsidies in the cogeneration bonus auctions to the volume available for contracting in individual auctions was analyzed. The author has analyzed: the results of the auction for cogeneration bonus, sector reports, CO2 emission price, types of fuel as well as aggregated financial data of Polish heat plants. The research has an implication character, confirming lack of adequacy of cogeneration bonus to financial situation of potential investors.

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8

Ziębik, Andrzej, and Paweł Gładysz. "Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0014-4.

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Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage The paper presents the results of optimizing the coefficient of the share of cogeneration expressed by an empirical formula dedicated to designers, which will allow to determine the optimal value of the share of cogeneration in contemporary cogeneration systems with the thermal storages feeding the district heating systems. This formula bases on the algorithm of the choice of the optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems with the thermal storage, taking into account additional benefits concerning the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration and the decrease of the cost of CO2 emission thanks to cogeneration. The approach presented in this paper may be applicable both in combined heat and power (CHP) plants with back-pressure turbines and extraction-condensing turbines.

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9

Giannini, Eugenia. "Cogeneration Economics." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 5302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145302.

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10

HATEM, FALAH F. "Using Alternative Cogeneration Plants in Iraqi Petroleum Industry." Journal of Engineering 20, no. 12 (July 9, 2023): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.12.08.

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The present paper describes and analyses three proposed cogeneration plants include back pressure steam-turbine system, gas turbine system, diesel-engine system, and the present Dura refinery plant. Selected actual operating data are employed for analysis. The same amount of electrical and thermal product outputs is considered for all systems to facilitate comparisons. The theoretical analysis was done according to 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamic. The results demonstrate that exergy analysis is a useful tool in performance analysis of cogeneration systems and permits meaningful comparisons of different cogeneration systems based on their merits, also the result showed that the back pressure steam-turbine is more efficient than other proposals. Moreover, the results of the present work indicate that these alternative plants can produce more electric power than that required in the refinery. At present time, the industrial cogeneration plants are recommended in Iraq, especially in petroleum industry sectors, in order to contribute with ministry of electricity to solve the present crisis of electric power generation. Such excess in the power can sold to the main electric network. The economic analysis are proved the feasibility of the proposed cogeneration plants with payback period of four year and six months ,three year and eight months, and ten years for steam cogeneration plant, gas turbine cogeneration plant and diesel engine cogeneration plant respectively.

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11

Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "High Efficiency Cogeneration: Electricity from Cogeneration in CHP Plants." Energy Procedia 81 (December 2015): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.117.

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12

O'Brien, J. M., and P. K. Bansal. "Modelling of cogeneration systems. Part 2: Development of a quasi-static cogeneration model (steam turbine cogeneration analysis)." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001538236.

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Steam turbine cogeneration analysis (STuCA) is a quasi-static cogeneration plant model that has been developed to simulate steam turbine cogeneration plants subject to varying loads. STuCA was developed to provide potential cogeneration plant users with a model that could simulate part-load performance over the expected operating range of the cogeneration plant using fundamental engineering analysis methods. The model was designed to bridge the gap between static design-point models that could not accommodate part-load conditions and complex part-load models which are too expensive for small scale cogeneration proposals. In addition, the model contains economic analysis tools to analyse the thermoeconomic performance of the plant and to conduct a cash flow analysis. These features are an extension to the static and part-load models. The model consists of four submodels: a load, system, plant and economic model. The load submodel drives the cogeneration plant simulation, supplying utility demands to the system models. The system submodels calculate the steam required by the system components to meet the utility demands. The plant submodel then predicts turbine and boiler performance as they meet the steam demand. The primary plant submodel outputs are the electricity generated and quantity of coal consumed by the boiler, which are used by the economic submodel to conduct a thermoeconomic analysis of the site as well as a discounted cash flow analysis. This method of modelling results in a model that can predict plant performance with respect to varying load and then use those data to conduct a meaningful economic performance analysis of the site.

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13

Ryyan, A., and G. Bastian. "Small-Scale Solar Cogeneration Systems." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 6, no. 5 (September 2018): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2018.6.5.493.

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14

Veidenbergs, I., D. Blumberga, C. Rochas, F. Romagnoli, A. Blumberga, and M. Rošā. "Small-Scale Cogeneration Plant Data Processing and Analysis." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-008-0009-3.

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Small-Scale Cogeneration Plant Data Processing and Analysis In the article, the operational data on electricity and heat energy generation in a small-scale cogeneration plant are analysed. Different measurements done in the plant formed a basis for estimation and evaluation of the savings of primary energy in comparison with distributed energy production. The authors analyse the efficiency values for the heat and the electricity production in the cogeneration regime and the savings of primary energy when the cogeneration plant works with partial load.

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15

Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul, Juan L. Espinoza, José Jara-Alvear, Pablo Arias-Reyes, Fernando Maldonado-Arias, Patricia Recalde-Galindo, Pablo Rosero, and Tsai Garcia-Perez. "Potential and Impacts of Cogeneration in Tropical Climate Countries: Ecuador as a Case Study." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205254.

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High dependency on fossil fuels, low energy efficiency, poor diversification of energy sources, and a low rate of access to electricity are challenges that need to be solved in many developing countries to make their energy systems more sustainable. Cogeneration has been identified as a key strategy for increasing energy generation capacity, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improving energy efficiency in industry, one of the most energy-demanding sectors worldwide. However, more studies are necessary to define approaches for implementing cogeneration, particularly in countries with tropical climates (such as Ecuador). In Ecuador, the National Plan of Energy Efficiency includes cogeneration as one of the four routes for making energy use more sustainable in the industrial sector. The objective of this paper is two-fold: (1) to identify the potential of cogeneration in the Ecuadorian industry, and (2) to show the positive impacts of cogeneration on power generation capacity, GHG emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and the economy of the country. The study uses methodologies from works in specific types of industrial processes and puts them together to evaluate the potential and analyze the impacts of cogeneration at national level. The potential of cogeneration in Ecuador is ~600 MWel, which is 12% of Ecuador’s electricity generation capacity. This potential could save ~18.6 × 106 L/month of oil-derived fuels, avoiding up to 576,800 tCO2/year, and creating around 2600 direct jobs. Cogeneration could increase energy efficiency in the Ecuadorian industry by up to 40%.

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Man, Siu Shing, Wilson Ka Ho Lee, Ka Po Wong, and Alan Hoi Shou Chan. "Policy Implications for Promoting the Adoption of Cogeneration Systems in the Hotel Industry: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Mode." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081247.

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The use of cogeneration systems in the hotel industry leads to economic and environmental benefits, but its acceptance in the industry remains low. Hence, this study aimed to examine the factors that influence cogeneration system acceptance amongst hotel management. A cogeneration system acceptance model (CoSAM) was proposed by integrating the technology acceptance model with perceived cost, perceived benefit, risk perception, environmental awareness and facilitating conditions. The validity of the CoSAM was investigated using structural equation modelling based on 499 data points collected from hotel management personnel. Results showed that the intention to use the systems of hotel management personnel was positively determined by attitude towards using cogeneration systems, which was directly affected by perceived usefulness, risk perception and perceived benefit. Moreover, with perceived usefulness as a mediator, facilitating conditions and environmental awareness indirectly influenced attitude towards using cogeneration systems positively, while perceived cost indirectly influenced the attitude negatively. Based on the findings of this study, policy implications for promoting the adoption of cogeneration systems in the hotel industry were provided, thus saving energy and reducing the energy costs of hotels. This study is the first to remarkably contribute an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting cogeneration system acceptance to the literature.

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Moharamian, Anahita, Saeed Soltani, Faramarz Ranjbar, Mortaza Yari, and Marc A. Rosen. "Thermodynamic analysis of a wall mounted gas boiler with an organic Rankine cycle and hydrogen production unit." Energy & Environment 28, no. 7 (August 4, 2017): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x17724211.

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A novel cogeneration system based on a wall mounted gas boiler and an organic Rankine cycle with a hydrogen production unit is proposed and assessed based on energy and exergy analyses. The system is proposed in order to have cogenerational functionality and assessed for the first time. A theoretical research approach is used. The results indicate that the most appropriate organic working fluids for the organic Rankine cycle are HFE700 and isopentane. Utilizing these working fluids increases the energy efficiency of the integrated wall mounted gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle system by about 1% and the organic Rankine cycle net power output about 0.238 kW compared to when the systems are separate. Furthermore, increasing the turbine inlet pressure causes the net power output, the organic Rankine cycle energy and exergy efficiencies, and the cogeneration system exergy efficiency to rise. The organic Rankine cycle turbine inlet pressure has a negligible effect on the organic Rankine cycle mass flow rate. Increasing the pinch point temperature decreases the organic Rankine cycle turbine net output power. Finally, increasing the turbine inlet pressure causes the hydrogen production rate to increase; the highest and lowest hydrogen production rates are observed for the working fluids for HFE7000 and isobutane, respectively. Increasing the pinch point temperature decreases the hydrogen production rate. In the cogeneration system, the highest exergy destruction rate is exhibited by the wall mounted gas boiler, followed by the organic Rankine cycle evaporator, the organic Rankine cycle turbine, the organic Rankine cycle condenser, the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the organic Rankine cycle pump, respectively.

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18

Chen, Bin Jian, and Xu Dong Xing. "Applications of Fuel Cell in Cogeneration Systems." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.578.

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Based on various operation temperatures, fuel cell cogeneration systems were analyzed respectively. Fuel cells’ applications in cogeneration systems were introduced. Factors that hindered the promotion of fuel cell were discussed. It is very likely that such a combined system will become one of the best cogeneration technologies in the near future.

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19

Tsai, Ming Tang. "The Operation Dispatch of Cogeneration Systems in the Deregulation Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.516.

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In this paper, an optimal strategy was presented to solve the operation dispatch of cogeneration systems in a deregulated market. With the load demand including steam and electricity, the operational model of cogeneration system was derived by considering the bi-lateral contracts and operation constraints. The objective function is formulated the profit-maximizing problem in the searching process. Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) was used to solve this problem. Test results verify that SQP can offer an efficient way for cogeneration plants to meet the load growth and promoted the competed ability of cogeneration plants.

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20

Bhargava, R., and A. Peretto. "A Unique Approach for Thermoeconomic Optimization of an Intercooled, Reheat, and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1476928.

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In the present paper, a comprehensive methodology for the thermoeconomic performance optimization of an intercooled reheat (ICRH) gas turbine with recuperation for cogenerative applications has been presented covering a wide range of power-to-heat ratio values achievable. To show relative changes in the thermoeconomic performance for the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle, results for ICRH, recuperated Brayton and simple Brayton cycles are also included in the paper. For the three load cases investigated, the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle provides the highest values of electric efficiency and Energy Saving Index for the cogenerative systems requiring low thermal loads (high power-to-heat ratio) compared to the other cycles. Also, this study showed, in general, that the recuperated ICRH cycle permits wider power-to-heat ratio range compared to the other cycles and for different load cases examined, a beneficial thermodynamic characteristic for the cogeneration applications. Furthermore, this study clearly shows that implementation of the recuperated ICRH cycle in a cogeneration system will permit to design a gas turbine which has the high specific work capacity and high electric efficiency at low value of the overall cycle pressure ratio compared to the other cycles studied. Economic performance of the investigated gas turbine cycles have been found dependent on the power-to-heat ratio value and the selected cost structure (fuel cost, electric sale price, steam sale price, etc.), the results for a selected cost structure in the study are discussed in this paper.

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Hromádka, Aleš, Martin Sirový, and Zbyněk Martínek. "Innovation in an Existing Backpressure Turbine for Ensure Better Sustainability and Flexible Operation." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142652.

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Cogeneration power plants have already been operated in the Czech Republic for several decades. These cogeneration power plants have been mostly operated with original technologies. However, these original technologies have to be continuously innovated during the entire operation time. This paper is focused on one of the possible innovations, which could lead to better sustainability and improved flexibility of the cogeneration power plants. Backpressure turbines are still used in many cogeneration power plants. However, backpressure turbines are currently losing suitability for cogeneration power plants, because they always need sufficient heat demand for optimal operation. Backpressure turbines rapidly lose efficiency when facing a lack of heat demand, i.e., mostly in summer season. Currently, condensing turbines are a preferable option for cogeneration power plants, which generally achieve less effective operation, as condensing turbines are able to operate with optional heat demand. Therefore, backpressure turbines are often replaced by condensing turbines with regulated outputs. In spite of the current trend, this article will present an innovative topology, which retains the original backpressure turbine with the addition of the organic Rankine cycle for residual energy utilization.

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22

Law, B., and B. V. Reddy. "EFFECT OF OPERATING VARIABLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE PROCESS HEATERS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0007.

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Combined cycle power plants with a gas turbine topping cycle and a steam turbine bottoming cycle are widely used due to their high efficiencies. Combined cycle cogeneration has the possibility to produce power and process heat more efficiently, leading to higher performance and reduced green house gas emissions. The objective of the present work is to analyze and simulate a natural gas fired combined cycle cogeneration unit with multiple process heaters and to investigate the effect of operating variables on the performance. The operating conditions investigated include, gas turbine pressure ratio, process heat loads and process steam extraction pressure. The gas turbine pressure ratio significantly influences the performance of the combined cycle cogeneration system. It is also identified that extracting process steam at lower pressures improves the power generation and cogeneration efficiencies. The process heat load influences combined cycle efficiency and combined cycle cogeneration efficiency in opposite ways. It is also observed that using multiple process heaters with different process steam pressures, rather than a single process heater, improves the combined cycle cogeneration plant efficiency.

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Man, Siu Shing, Wilson Ka Ho Lee, Alan Hoi Shou Chan, and Steve Ngai Hung Tsang. "The Economic and Environmental Evaluations of Combined Heat and Power Systems in Buildings with Different Contexts: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2023): 3855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063855.

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Cogeneration systems—also known as combined heat and power systems—form a promising technology for the simultaneous generation of power and thermal energy while consuming a single source of fuel at a site. A number of prior studies have examined the cogeneration systems used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. However, a systematic review of the economic and environmental evaluations of the system is not found in the literature. The present study aims to address this research gap by reviewing the most relevant studies on the cogeneration systems applied to buildings in different contexts (e.g., residential, commercial, and industrial) and provides systematic evaluation approaches from economic and environmental perspectives. Results show that the cogeneration system can significantly reduce energy consumption, operating costs, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and positive performance on other relevant parameters. The present study provides extensive evidence to show that the cogeneration system is simultaneously economically profitable and environmentally friendly in various application contexts. To achieve the maximum benefits from cogeneration systems, several practical suggestions are provided for their successful installation and implementation in real-life situations.

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Renau, Jordi, Víctor García, Luis Domenech, Pedro Verdejo, Antonio Real, Alberto Giménez, Fernando Sánchez, Antonio Lozano, and Félix Barreras. "Novel Use of Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power Systems to Reduce Primary Energy Intake and Greenhouse Emissions in the Building Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041776.

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Achieving European climate neutrality by 2050 requires further efforts not only from the industry and society, but also from policymakers. The use of high-efficiency cogeneration facilities will help to reduce both primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of the increase in overall efficiency. Fuel cell-based cogeneration technologies are relevant solutions to these points for small- and microscale units. In this research, an innovative and new fuel cell-based cogeneration plant is studied, and its performance is compared with other cogeneration technologies to evaluate the potential reduction degree in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Four energy consumption profile datasets have been generated from real consumption data of different dwellings located in the Mediterranean coast of Spain to perform numerical simulations in different energy scenarios according to the fuel used in the cogeneration. Results show that the fuel cell-based cogeneration systems reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings, to a degree that depends on the heat-to-power ratio of the consumer. Primary energy consumption varies from 40% to 90% of the original primary energy consumption, when hydrogen is produced from natural gas reforming process, and from 5% to 40% of the original primary energy consumption if the cogeneration is fueled with hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources. Similar reduction degrees are achieved in CO2 emissions.

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25

Brett, J. Thomas. "Cogeneration: An Overview." Alberta Law Review 30, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr688.

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The author examines the various energy contracts which support a typical natural gas fired cogeneration project, including power purchase contracts, steam contracts and gas supply contracts. Cogeneration projects are also considered in the context of investment opportunities, including the relevant Canadian income tax provisions.

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Manusilp, Kebsiri, and David Banjerdpongchai. "Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Cogeneration with Thermal Energy Storage for Building Energy Management System." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 10, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2016102.64847.

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This paper presents optimal dispatch strategy of cogeneration with thermal energy storage (TES) for building energy management system (BEMS). In previous research related to cogeneration as a supply system, it is observed that there is some excessive heat from cogeneration operation released to the atmosphere. In order to improve energy efficiency, we therefore incorporate TES to utilize the excessive heat from cogeneration into two objective functions, i.e., total operating cost (TOC) and total carbon dioxide emission (TCOE). In particular, we aim to minimize TOC which is referred to economic optimal operation and to minimize TCOE which is referred to environmental optimal operation. Both optimal operations are subjected to energy dispatch strategy which TES constraint is taken into account. We demonstrate the dispatch strategy with a load profile of a large shopping mall as a test system and compare the results to that of previous dispatch of cogeneration without TES. The proposed strategy of cogeneration with TES can reduce TOC of the test system up to 4.15% and 1.85% for economic and environmental optimal operations, respectively. Furthermore, TCOE can be reduced up to 5.25% and 6.25% for economic and environmental optimal operations, respectively.

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Mahesh G. Emmi, Mr, Dr Aravindrao M. Yadwad, Dr Vinay V. Kuppast, and Dr Sampanna M. "Survey on bagasse cogeneration in sugar plants of north Karnataka." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.21171.

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Cogeneration is the idea of converting two forms of energy from one fuel. In the sugar industry from bagasse two forms con- verted are heat and electrical power. The sugar industries utilise bagasse to generate power and to operate the plant . Here the bagasse serves as a fuel to the Boiler and this power consumption is known as captive power generation. The so generated power will be more than the power required for the running of the industry. The remaining excess power can be fed to the power grid as a power export.The actual site survey of different bagasse cogeneration plants has been carried out and included in this review. Also, this paper reviews the performance of the bagasse cogeneration plants all over the world. The review includes not only study on the power genera- tion plants but also throws an insight to identify the scope for the study on the performances of the cogeneration plants in Karnataka based on the global perview. The effective and efficient utilisation of the bagasse cogeneration plants could be identified for the im- provement of the performance of the cogeneration plants and also the economics of running a sugar industry.

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28

Matsumoto, Y., R. Yokoyama, and K. Ito. "Engineering-Economic Optimization of a Fuel Cell Cogeneration Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906814.

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The feasibility of fuel cells in cogeneration applications is studied from engineering and economic viewpoints by using an optimization approach. Capacities of fuel cell cogeneration units and auxiliary devices are determined together with maximum utility demands so as to minimize the annual total cost by considering the plant’s annual operational strategy. This optimization problem is solved efficiently by considering the hierarchical relationship between unit sizing and operational planning problems. Through a numerical study on a plant for installation in a hotel and office building with a maximum electrical demand of 1000 kW, the effect of initial capital cost of fuel cell cogeneration units is examined from the perspective of the plant capacity, economics, and energy savings. The results show that a fuel cell cogeneration plant may have better economic and energy-saving characteristics than a conventional gas engine cogeneration plant with a reduction in the capital cost of fuel cell.

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Yokoyama, R., and K. Ito. "Optimal Operational Planning of Cogeneration Systems With Thermal Storage by the Decomposition Method." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 117, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835432.

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An optimal operational planning method is proposed for cogeneration systems with thermal storage. The daily operational strategy of constituent equipment is determined so as to minimize the daily operational cost subject to the energy demand requirement. This optimization problem is formulated as a large-scale mixed-integer linear programming one, and it is solved by means of the decomposition method. Effects of thermal storage on the operation of cogeneration systems are examined through a numerical study on a gas engine-driven cogeneration system installed in a hotel. This method is a useful tool for evaluating the economic and energy-saving properties of cogeneration systems with thermal storage.

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Mitiukov, N. W., S. V. Spiridonov, and G. Z. Samigullina. "Cogeneration Plant Optimization." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1079, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 042008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1079/4/042008.

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Shankar, R., and T. Srinivas. "Cooling cogeneration cycle." Applied Solar Energy 53, no. 1 (January 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x17010145.

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Bellini, A., G. Franceschini, E. Lorenzani, and C. Tassoni. "Distributed cogeneration plants." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 15, no. 6 (November 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.934447.

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Lidgate, D. "Book Review: Cogeneration." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 25, no. 1 (January 1988): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098802500122.

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F., Rosa. "The cogeneration farm." Helia 30, no. 46 (2007): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel0746085r.

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Kolanowski, Bernard. "Pitfalls of Cogeneration." Cogeneration & Distributed Generation Journal 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10668680209508979.

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Vogt, Yeagor. "No-risk Cogeneration." Cogeneration & Distributed Generation Journal 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10668680309509015.

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Osawa, Bernard. "Cogeneration in Kenya." Refocus 5, no. 5 (September 2004): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(04)00222-7.

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Hollick, J. C. "Solar cogeneration panels." Renewable Energy 15, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00154-2.

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Radulovic, Dusko, Srdjan Skok, and Vedran Kirincic. "Cogeneration – Investment dilemma." Energy 48, no. 1 (December 2012): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.057.

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40

Amundsen, Robert N. "The cogeneration revolution." Applied Energy 36, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(90)90090-z.

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Goreglyad, Mariya Igorevna, and Ludmila Vladimirovna Kropachava. "UNDERSTANDING COGENERATION SYSTEMS." Theoretical & Applied Science 77, no. 09 (September 30, 2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2019.09.77.30.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F., and Bernard F. Kolanowski. "Pitfalls of Cogeneration." Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1092/7whu-qj9d-t21y-932q.

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Dietrich, P.E., M.E., David. "Managing Cogeneration Systems." Cogeneration and Competitive Power Journal 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1092/wqe3-r72b-27uh-3eqy.

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44

Hirata, Masaru. "Cogeneration System Technology." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 95, no. 878 (1992): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.95.878_51.

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Alexandre Matelli, José, Jonny C. Silva, and Edson Bazzo. "Cogeneration design problem." Engineering Computations 31, no. 6 (July 29, 2014): 1034–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2012-0045.

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46

Cox, Andrew W. "Planning cogeneration systems." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 7, no. 3 (September 1986): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-727x(86)90022-6.

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Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "High Efficiency Cogeneration: Performance Assessment of Industrial Cogeneration Power Plants." Energy Procedia 45 (2014): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.131.

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Im, Yonghoon. "Assessment of the Impact of Renewable Energy Expansion on the Technological Competitiveness of the Cogeneration Model." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186844.

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The rapid transition from an efficiency-oriented to a renewable energy-based green environment raises questions about the sustainability of cogeneration models in the coming era of climate change. For securing the technological competitiveness of a cogeneration model in terms of sustainability, it is essential to come up with alternatives that can flexibly respond to changes in the market conditions. From the surveyed field operation data of the cogeneration model applied to an apartment complex, it was found that the actual operation performance may differ significantly from the theoretical expectation. Through diagnostic simulation analysis, the main cause of the disappointing performance in the case of the current cogeneration model after installation has been assessed, and the importance of a consistent operation strategy was demonstrated by the event-based correlation analysis based on field operation data. The impact of the rapid expansion and dissemination of the renewable energy market on the relative primary energy savings benefit evaluation of the cogeneration model was analyzed for various operating conditions.

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Guo, Junshan, Junqi Ding, Lingkai Zhu, Yongqiang Che, Wei Zheng, Yihe Ma, and Yang Wang. "The Computational Model of the Peak Regulation Capacity of Cogeneration Units and Its Application." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185302020.

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Studying the peak regulation capacity of cogeneration units is of positive significance to improve the power grid dispatching capacity and promote the new energy source. In order to scientifically calculate the peak shaving capacity of a cogeneration unit, the variable condition calculation model is built up based on the theory of equivalent heat drop, and the load constraint model is also established according to the actual situation, on this basis the complete computational model of the peak regulation capacity of cogeneration units is obtained. Based on a 350MW cogeneration unit in Shandong province, the peak regulation capacity calculation is carried out, and the factors affecting the peak regulation capacity of the unit are analyzed. Compared with the experimental results, the calculation model of the peak regulation capacity in this paper shows a high precision, and can be used to predict the peak regulation capacity of the cogeneration units in different working conditions.

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Somasundaram, S., M. K. Drost, D. R. Brown, and Z. I. Antoniak. "Coadunation of Technologies: Cogeneration and Thermal Energy Storage." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816546.

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Thermal energy storage can help cogeneration meet the energy generation challenges of the 21st century by increasing the flexibility and performance of cogeneration facilities. Thermal energy storage (TES) allows a cogeneration facility to: (1) provide dispatchable electric power while providing a constant thermal load, and (2) increase peak capacity by providing economical cooling of the combustion turbine inlet air. The particular systems that are considered in this paper are high-temperature diurnal TES, and TES for cooling the combustion turbine inlet air. The paper provides a complete assessment of the design, engineering, and economic benefits of combining TES technology with new or existing cogeneration systems, while also addressing some of the issues involved.

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