Journal articles on the topic 'Cogeneration of electric power and heat Australia'
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1
Langston, Lee. "Campus Heat." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-dec-2.
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The University of Connecticut is focusing on cogeneration, also called combined heat and power. It is the production of more than one useful form of energy—both heat and electric power—from a single energy source, such as the burning of natural gas or some other fuel. The cogeneration plant has been designed to blend seamlessly into the campus landscape. Cogeneration uses one measure of gas twice—first for generating electricity, then to produce steam. A financial study done by consultants during the plant's planning phase shows definite savings over the long run, especially since the cost of electricity can be expected to vary with the cost of natural gas in New England.
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Liu, Jiangcai. "Cogeneration and heat exchanger control system based on clean energy." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2999–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104999l.
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Combined cooling, heating, and power systems have received widespread attention for their high efficiency and clean characteristics. The combined cooling, heating, and power system will join the cogeneration system as clean energy and renewable resource of solar energy, further alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems. To improve the stability of the distributed power grid connection, the article designs a photovoltaic battery system that can smooth the output power and combines it with the traditional combined cooling, heating, and power system to build a comprehensive cogeneration system. Under the two operating modes of thermal follow, and electric follow, considering the impact of electric vehicle charging load, two environmental cost and life cycle cost indicators are evaluated.
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Pang, Xinfu, Xu Zhang, Wei Liu, Haibo Li, and Yibao Wang. "Optimal Scheduling of Cogeneration System with Heat Storage Device Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111725.
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The rigid constraint of using heat in determining electricity for thermal power units is eliminated to improve the absorption capacity of wind power. In this study, heat storage devices and electric boilers are added to the cogeneration system to alleviate the wind curtailment phenomenon. First, the main reasons for wind curtailment are analyzed according to the structural characteristics of the power supply in the northern part of China. Second, a scheduling model of a cogeneration system, including a heat storage device and an electric boiler, is constructed. An improved artificial bee colony algorithm program is also designed and compiled based on MATLAB. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation examples, and an economic analysis of wind power consumption is performed. Results show that adding electric boilers lessens coal consumption costs and improves economic benefits.
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Baughn, J. W., and R. A. Kerwin. "A Comparison of the Predicted and Measured Thermodynamic Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240003.
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The thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine cogeneration system is predicted using a computer model. The predicted performance is compared to the actual performance, determined by measurements, in terms of various thermodynamic performance parameters which are defined and discussed in this paper. These parameters include the electric power output, fuel flow rate, steam production, electrical efficiency, steam efficiency, and total plant efficiency. Other derived parameters are the net heat rate, the power-to-heat ratio, and the fuel savings rate. This paper describes the cogeneration plant, the computer model, and the measurement techniques used to determine each of the necessary measurands. The predicted and the measured electric power compare well. The predicted fuel flow and steam production are less than measured. The results demonstrate that this type of comparison is needed if computer models are to be used successfully in the design and selection of cogeneration systems.
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Bao, Huashan, Yaodong Wang, Constantinos Charalambous, Zisheng Lu, Liwei Wang, Ruzhu Wang, and Anthony Paul Roskilly. "Chemisorption cooling and electric power cogeneration system driven by low grade heat." Energy 72 (August 2014): 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.084.
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Grkovic, Vojin, Dragoljub Zivkovic, and Milana Gutesa. "A new approach in CHP steam turbines thermodynamic cycles computations." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120503178g.
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This paper presents a new approach in mathematical modeling of thermodynamic cycles and electric power of utility district-heating and cogeneration steam turbines. The approach is based on the application of the dimensionless mass flows, which describe the thermodynamic cycle of a combined heat and power steam turbine. The mass flows are calculated relative to the mass flow to low pressure turbine. The procedure introduces the extraction mass flow load parameter ?h which clearly indicates the energy transformation process, as well as the cogeneration turbine design features, but also its fitness for the electrical energy system requirements. The presented approach allows fast computations, as well as direct calculation of the selected energy efficiency indicators. The approach is exemplified with the calculation results of the district heat power to electric power ratio, as well as the cycle efficiency, versus ?h. The influence of ?h on the conformity of a combined heat and power turbine to the grid requirements is also analyzed and discussed.
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Wang, Xiuyun, Junyu Tian, Rutian Wang, Jiakai Xu, Shaoxin Chen, Jian Wang, and Yang Cui. "Multi-Objective Economic Dispatch of Cogeneration Unit with Heat Storage Based on Fuzzy Chance Constraint." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010103.
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With the increasing expansion of wind power, its impact on economic dispatch of power systems cannot be ignored. Adding a heat storage device to a traditional cogeneration unit can break the thermoelectric coupling constraint of the cogeneration unit and meet the economic and stable operation of a power system. In this paper, an economy-environment coordinated scheduling model with the lowest economic cost and the lowest pollutant emissions is constructed. Economic costs include the cost of conventional thermal power generating units, the operating cost of cogeneration units, and the operating cost of wind power. At the same time, green certificate costs are introduced into the economic costs to improve the absorption of wind power. Pollutant emissions include SO2 and NOx emissions from conventional thermal power units and cogeneration units. The randomness and uncertainty of wind power output are fully considered, and the prediction error of wind power is fuzzy treated according to the fuzzy random theory, and the electric power balance and spinning reserve fuzzy opportunity conditions are established, which are converted into the explicit equivalent. The improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) was used to solve the model. With this method, the validity of the model is verified by taking a system with 10 machines as an example.
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Wrochna, Grzegorz, Michael Fütterer, and Dominique Hittner. "Nuclear cogeneration with high temperature reactors." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019023.
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Clean energy production is a challenge, which was so far addressed mainly in the electric power sector. More energy is needed in the form of heat for both district heating and industry. Nuclear power is the only technology fulfilling all 3 sustainability dimensions, namely economy, security of supply and environment. In this context, the European Nuclear Cogeneration Industrial Initiative (NC2I) has launched the projects NC2I-R and GEMINI+ aiming to prepare the deployment of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR) for this purpose.
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JĘDRA, Sylwester, and Adam SMYK. "Trigeneration system based on medium power gas engine." Combustion Engines 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117343.
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One of the possibilities of increase of energy and economic efficiency of a small combined heat and power plant is its operation in trigeneration system, in which the conventional system of cogeneration heat and electric power production is widened by a cooling production system. Technical description and characteristics of the set of gas engine plus absorption unit as well as its technological diagram is presented. Performances and limitations of the gas engine are given. Needs for heat, cooling and electric power of a user are described. Total capital and operating costs are estimated and technical and economic conditions for the positive economic efficiency of the trigeneration system are evaluated.
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Derii, V. O. "Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.02.021.
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A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system
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SEO, DONG-HYUN, JAE-YOON KOH, and YOOL PARK. "FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF HEAT RECOVERY COGENERATION LOOP AND ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP WITH DETAILED BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 18, no. 01 (March 2010): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132510000058.
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Recent energy and economic analysis of a cogeneration system has been implemented by a manual calculation that is based on monthly thermal loads of buildings. In this study, a cogeneration system modeling validation with a detail building energy simulation, eQUEST, for a building energy and cost prediction has been implemented. By analyzing the hourly building electricity and thermal loads, it enables designers to decide proper cogeneration system capacity and to estimate more reliable building energy consumption. eQUEST also verified economical and environmental benefits when the heat pump system is integrated with the cogeneration system because the mechanical system configuration benefits from the high efficiency heat pump system while avoiding the building electricity demand increase. Economic analysis such as LCC (Life Cycle Cost) method is carried out to verify economical benefits of the system by applying actual utility rates of KEPCO (Korea Electricity Power COmpany) and KOGAS (KOrea GAS company). As results, the proposed system consumed approximately 40% less energy than the Alt-2 in terms of source energy. LCC analysis results also show that the proposed system could save about 10–14% of energy cost during the life cycle compared to the Alt-1 and Alt-2. It could save 6–7% of the total life cycle cost and it is equivalent to around 1–1.3 billion Won in cost.
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Horskyi, V. V. "The selection of the method to divide total expenses of energy consumed for the combined production of energy products and its application for coal-fired CHP." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.04.056.
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Cogeneration of electric and heat energy is a trend in the modern development of energy production systems in the world. The share of electricity produced by CHP in Ukraine coincides with the share of combined heat and power produced by the G8 + 5 countries and is equal to 11–19%. The fuel's heat utilization rate reaches 75% at CHP in the EU countries. An important energy efficiency indicator, characterizing the full technological cycle of power generation, is the total power intensity of the product. To determine the technical and economic indicators of CHP's operation, the production cost of energy products produced, reasonable tariffs for them, and the payback period of investments, first of all, it is necessary to develop a certain scheme for the allocation of costs for each output product. One of the most important methodological issues in combined energy production is the optimal distribution of expenses between the generation and transmission of electric and thermal energy. So far, there are a number of methods for allocating costs by type of product in cogeneration. All methods give different calculation results, and the discrepancy among them is quite significant. Analyzing and comparing them, one can identify both the advantages and disadvantages of each method, depending on the calculation task. The total energy intensity of energy products output for the station was also calculated, and the distribution of energy consumption between thermal and electric energy was performed according to four methods. As a result of the analysis, the thermodynamic method of cost allocation for the supply of electricity and heat is recommended for use, as it takes into account the value of steam used in the turbine (for electric power generation) and is further supplied for the needs of heat supply. Keywords: cogeneration, distribution of energy consumption, methods of distribution of energy consumption, energy carriers
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Bullard, C. W. "An Analytical Framework for Preliminary Evaluation of Space Conditioning Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 111, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231410.
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This paper introduces a methodology for comparing three advanced space and water heating technologies whose higher second-law efficiencies promise to offset their increased capital costs: 1) onsite cogeneration; 2) centralized cogeneration with district heating; and 3) electric heat pumps. The competing technologies are compared within a single-system boundary that includes the electric utility system, because cogeneration systems produce electricity and heat pumps consume it. This approach eliminates the electric rate structure from the equations, allowing the analysis to focus on cost rather than price. The results are intended to inform a longer term perspective, over which modern metering technology will enable utility rate structures to reflect the real duration-dependent cost of electricity generation.
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Prakash Arul Jose, J., P. Rajesh Prasanna, and Fleming Prakash. "New construction methodology-geothermal cogeneration plant efficiency improvements for environmental and economic sustainability using waste heat recovery system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 4, 2018): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12623.
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Power station is used in geothermal cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant to generate electric power and heat from a single process simultaneously. Industrial CHP gains attention due to its sustainability and its nature of carbon footprint reduction. In this regard, CHP is more effective than generating steam or burning fuel on-site, and electricity is imported from the grid. CHP is a combined system which finds applications in several techniques and thermal and fuel systems, and these functionalities can be integrated into prevail-ing building structures. In CHP, the modifications are carried out with respect to the energy and user requirements. In heat recovery mecha-nism of CHP plant, several critical parameters are required. The present research work focuses on heat recovery analysis in geothermal co-generation (CHP) plant, in which the methods to lessen the generated secondary (waste) heat is emphasized by enhancing energy efficiency. Further it also includes passive and active strategies. The recent trends of direct electric conversion devices are more useful, and therefore can be introduced in industrial waste heat recovery applications, which are usually applied in CHP or geothermal cogeneration plants includ-ing paper mills and chemical processing and refinery systems, hotels, hospitals, industries and commercial structures, where constant heat and power requirements exist.
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Madadnia, Jafar, Pinar Dagci, Peter Lewis, and Talia Taskin. "Feasibility of Emerging Technologies Based Cogeneration Systems for University of Technology Sydney." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1084.
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This paper presents an optimum selection of a co-generation system for heat and power generation at University of Technology Sydney, based on technological, environmental, social and economical factors. Five potential cogeneration concepts were developed based on Internal combustion (IC) engines, External combustion engines including Stirling engine, Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Kalina cycle, and Fuel-cells, and compared. Organic Rankine Module (ORC) is finally selected. The selected cogeneration offers shorter payback period, lower IRRand net-energy savings, lower Co2 emissions, and higher electric-power generation capacity.
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Matveenko, V., A. Dologlonyan, A. Klimenko, and V. Ocheretianyi. "OPERATION OF ELECTRIC HEAT-GENERATION GAS TURBINE PLANTS OF COMPLEX CYCLES ON NOMINAL AND VARIABLE MODES." National Association of Scientists 2, no. 37(64) (March 15, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.2.64.384.
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The results of research and development of cogeneration gas turbine engines (GTE) of complex cycles are presented. It is shown that the use of an overexpansion turbine (OT) in a gas turbine engine makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the engine on a par with the use of heat regeneration (R). The combination of these two methods in a GTE with OT and R provides a further increase in the engine's efficiency. It has been established that at partial loads, each design scheme has its own patterns of change in engine characteristics, which determine the field of application of cogeneration gas turbine engines. Examples of the possibilities of changing the working process in the engine are given, which allow to control the energy flows in the cogeneration power plant.
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Valdés, Hugo, and Gabriel Leon. "Cogeneration Process Technical Viability for an Apartment Building: Case Study in Mexico." Processes 7, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020093.
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The objective of this paper is to evaluate and to simulate the cogeneration process applied to an apartment building in the Polanco area (Mexico). Considering the building’s electric, thermal demand and consumption data, the cogeneration process model was simulated using Thermoflow© software (Thermoflow Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA), in order to cover 1.1 MW of electric demand and to supply the thermal needs of hot water, heating, air conditioning and heating pool. As a result of analyzing various schemes of cogeneration, the most efficient scheme consists of the use of a gas turbine (Siemens model SGT-100-1S), achieving a cycle with efficiency of 84.4% and a heat rate of 14,901 kJ/kWh. The economic results of this evaluation show that it is possible to implement the cogeneration in the building with a natural gas price below US$0.014/kWh. The use of financing schemes makes the economic results more attractive. Furthermore, the percentage of the turbine load effect on the turbine load net power, cogeneration efficiency, chimney flue gas temperature, CO2 emission, net heat ratio, turbine fuel flow and after burner fuel flow was also studied.
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Beloborodov, Sergey S., and Aleksey A. Dudolin. "Prospects for Combined Generation of Heat and Electricity at a Combined Heat and Power Plant in a Modern Power System." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-54-66.
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Given the climatic and geographical conditions of the Russian Federation, the development of cogeneration should become the main line of measures aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the country. However, the implementation of programs for development of renewable energy sources (RES) and nuclear power plants (NPP) entails risks of decreasing the amount of combined generation of electricity and heat by combined heat and power plants (CHPP) in the daily load curve base part. The current state of the wholesale market of electric power is characterized by critical conditions for the existing CHPPs in the first price zone of the wholesale market. The electric power cost formed from competitive power bid (CPB) results is such that the incomes earned by heat generating facilities are insufficient for fully covering the costs of their overhauls and modernization of their equipment. The “old” heat generation facilities, including CHPPs, subsidize the development of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), RES, hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), and NPPs. The Russian Federation energy system development projects must be elaborated taking into account the results from a multivariate analysis of operational, technical, technological, economic, environmental, and social aspects. The heat supply schemes for cities and municipalities are developed subject to ensuring the preset level of reliability with minimizing its cost for the end customer. The minimum cost of heat supply can only be achieved for the optimal structure of heat and electricity generation capacities. This structure must incorporate equipment able to operate in the base, semi-peak, and peak parts of the daily electric load curve, and provide a power margin for passing seasonal maximums in the consumption of electricity and heat. The main milestones of the establishment and evolution of the energy system of Russia are considered. The main trends are shown along with the problems that have arisen in the operation of cogeneration power facilities in connection with the influence of new energy sources. The experience gained in leading foreign countries that have introduced RES is analyzed, and the influence of these sources on the power system balance is studied. The prospects of using combined electricity and heat generating facilities represented by highly maneuverable small- and medium-capacity gas turbine-based CHPPs in the semi-peak and peak parts of the daily electric load curve are analyzed.
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Yokoyama, Ryohei, and Koichi Ito. "Effect of Inlet Air Cooling by Ice Storage on Unit Sizing of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1692011.
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In the commercial sector, heat and power demands peak in the summer daytime because of high space cooling demands, and cogeneration plants are required to produce maximum heat and power to meet their demands. However, gas turbine cogeneration plants have the disadvantage of decreases in maximum power output in the summer daytime, which reduces the availability of gas turbines. One of the ways to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage is to cool inlet air and augment maximum power output. In addition, one of the ways for inlet air cooling is to make ice by driving electric compression refrigerators using off-peak power generated during the nighttime, store it in ice banks, and use its heat for inlet air cooling during the on-peak period. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of inlet air cooling by ice storage on the unit sizing and cost of a gas turbine cogeneration plant. An optimal unit sizing method based on the mixed-integer linear programming is used to rationally determine equipment capacities and operational strategies of the plant. A numerical study is conducted, in which the gas turbine cogeneration plants with and without inlet air cooled by ice storage are compared with each other, and the effect of inlet air cooling on the equipment capacities as well as the annual total cost and its items is clarified.
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Enyi, C. G., and D. Appah. "Maximizing Generated Energy Usage through Combined Cycle Cogeneration." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.415.
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Case studies from two Nigerian hydrocarbon processing industries, where gas turbine generators (GTG) were used for power generation were analyzed. The first study analyzed a simple cycle power generation where the GTG produced 25 MW of electricity and three separately fired boilers produced the required process steam. The second study analyzed a combined cycle (cogeneration) where the same GTG that produced 25 MW of electricity also generated 90700 Kg/hr of steam from the turbine exhaust gas. The study shows that cogeneration (combined cycle) satisfied all the electric power and steam requirements of the plant. Simple cycle only satisfied the electric power requirement. Other disadvantages of simple cycle show that over 60% of the generated energy is lost to the environment in form of heat. A loss in production worth over $6,182,400 as a result of failure in a separately fired boiler was calculated. The study concludes that cogeneration must be undertaken with an awareness of energy system expansion, generation costs and the need for industrial energy consumption of a given plant.
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Marchenko, Oleg, Sergei Solomin, Alexander Kozlov, Vitaly Shamanskiy, and Igor Donskoy. "Economic Efficiency Assessment of Using Wood Waste in Cogeneration Plants with Multi-Stage Gasification." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217600.
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The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of biomass gasification power plants in Russia (Irkutsk region) and compare them with other types of electricity and heat cogeneration systems. Biomass, which is waste from logging and wood processing, is considered as fuel for gasification plants. As a criterion, the cost of energy is used. Analytical relations are obtained for the cost of electric energy at a given cost of thermal energy and vice versa, thermal energy at a given cost of electric energy. These relationships are applied to assess the economic efficiency and compare small-power plants (up to 200–500 kW) such as mini-combined heat and power (CHP) on fuel chips and fuel pellets, coal-fired CHP and gas and liquid fuel power plants (gas-piston and diesel power plants). The latter are equipped with heat recovery boilers and supply consumers with heat and the electric power simultaneously. The calculation results show that the cost of electricity when using wood fuel is significantly less than the cost of electricity from a diesel power plant due to the use of cheaper fuel. In this regard, for autonomous energy systems of small power, especially near logging points, energy supply from biomass gasification power plants is a preferable solution than the use of diesel power plants. Wood fired energy cogeneration systems (mini-CHP) can also successfully compete with coal and gas power plants if they have cheap wood fuel at their location. With the introduction of carbon dioxide emissions charges, the use of not only wood chips, but also pellets becomes competitive in comparison with coal and gas.
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Sinelnikov, D. S., and P. A. Shchinnikov. "Increase of heat utilization coefficient of micro-TPP fuel based on ice with air-cooling due to cogeneration." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 16-18 (July 29, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.16-18.59-68.
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The market is widely represented by a number of micro HPP (gasoline generators) based on internal combustion engines (ICE) with air cooling. Such setups are used in everyday life, by professional builders, geologists, soldiers and rescuers in the areas of emergencies, and in the regions with lack of infrastructure. Improving the efficiency of such plants will reduce the amount of fuel supplied in the areas of their operation. This paper shows the main provisions of the research technique of the experimental cogeneration heat and power plant on the basis of an air-cooled carburetor combustion engine which is based on the mechanism of energy balances. The working capacity of the technique on various loads of the plant operation is shown. The conditions for determining the effect which consist in bringing the comparable variants to the same energy potential on the output of products are formulated. As comparison variants, it is necessary to consider electric power supply from the gas generator, and heat supply from the heat gun which, in turn, can use gas, liquid fuel or electric power as the primary energy carrier. The basic schemes of realization of cogeneration in the conditions of reduction to the same energy effect are presented. It is shown that the use of cogeneration obtained from heat of air flow cooling the cylinder head for micro HPP based on carbureted ICE with air cooling increases the coefficient of fuel heat utilization () by 1.52 times. The setup with 2.4 kW capacity for 3035 minutes can increase the temperature of the room air in the volume of 150 m3 (for example, in a staff or medical room) by 3C at = 0.3. It is shown that cogeneration for mini-HPPs on the basis of air-cooled ICE after installation of a special heat exchanger for waste gas heat recovery allows increasing the fuel heat utilization coefficient up to = 0.5. It is shown that a gasoline generator with cogeneration is more efficient than a gasoline generator in combination with a heat gun and due to fuel cost saving can be renewed every four years.
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Testi, Daniele, Paolo Conti, Eva Schito, Luca Urbanucci, and Francesco D’Ettorre. "Synthesis and Optimal Operation of Smart Microgrids Serving a Cluster of Buildings on a Campus with Centralized and Distributed Hybrid Renewable Energy Units." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040745.
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Micro-district heating networks based on cogeneration plants and renewable energy technologies are considered efficient, viable and environmentally-friendly solutions to realizing smart multi-energy microgrids. Nonetheless, the energy production from renewable sources is intermittent and stochastic, and cogeneration units are characterized by fixed power-to-heat ratios, which are incompatible with fluctuating thermal and electric demands. These drawbacks can be partially overcome by smart operational controls that are capable of maximizing the energy system performance. Moreover, electrically driven heat pumps may add flexibility to the system, by shifting thermal loads into electric loads. In this paper, a novel configuration for smart multi-energy microgrids, which combines centralized and distributed energy units is proposed. A centralized cogeneration system, consisting of an internal combustion engine is connected to a micro-district heating network. Distributed electric heat pumps assist the thermal production at the building level, giving operational flexibility to the system and supporting the integration of renewable energy technologies, i.e., wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and solar thermal collectors. The proposed configuration was tested in a hypothetical case study, namely, a University Campus located in Trieste, Italy. The system operation is based on a cost-optimal control strategy and the effect of the size of the cogeneration unit and heat pumps was investigated. A comparison with a conventional configuration, without distributed heat pumps, was also performed. The results show that the proposed configuration outperformed the conventional one, leading to a total-cost saving of around 8%, a carbon emission reduction of 11%, and a primary energy saving of 8%.
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Ito, K., T. Shiba, and R. Yokoyama. "Optimal Operation of a Cogeneration Plant in Combination With Electric Heat Pumps." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 116, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906010.
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An operational problem is discussed for a gas turbine cogeneration plant in combination with a heat pump/thermal storage system that utilizes time-of-use pricing of the electrical utility. An optimal planning method is presented by which the operational policy of constituent equipment is determined so as to minimize the daily operational cost. An algorithm is proposed to solve this optimization problem efficiently by combining the dynamic programming method with the mixed-integer programming one. A case study is carried out to investigate the effect of introducing a heat pump system into a cogeneration plant.
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Zharkov, S. V. "Assessment and Enhancement of the Energy Supply System Efficiency with Emphasis on the Cogeneration and Renewable as Main Directions for Fuel Saving." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 3, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2014100101.
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The paper presents methods for assessing economic, resource and environmental efficiency of cogeneration plants (CPs) and energy supply systems as a whole and ways of its improvement, the main of which are the development of cogeneration and renewable energy sources (RES). The problem of allocating fuel and financial costs at the combined production in accordance with the criterion of equal profitability of supplied energy products is solved. The methods allow determining specific indicators of supplied energy products. The technology of introducing RES-based power plants to the energy supply systems by means of using unstabilized RES-based power for direct fuel substitution in thermal cycles of gas-turbine (combined cycle) and steam-turbine plants (the wind is viewed as the most promising type of RES). Connection of wind power plants to an electric grid through thermal power plants allows us to avoid solving the problems of maintaining power quality and operating reserve of the wind power plants capacity in the power system and also to use wind energy at the plants of combined heat and high-quality electric power production, small ones included. The technology can promote smooth transition to hydrogen energy. It is shown that the cogeneration saves more than 20% of fuel, and its combination with wind power station – more than 50%.
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Bhargava, R., and A. Peretto. "A Unique Approach for Thermoeconomic Optimization of an Intercooled, Reheat, and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1476928.
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In the present paper, a comprehensive methodology for the thermoeconomic performance optimization of an intercooled reheat (ICRH) gas turbine with recuperation for cogenerative applications has been presented covering a wide range of power-to-heat ratio values achievable. To show relative changes in the thermoeconomic performance for the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle, results for ICRH, recuperated Brayton and simple Brayton cycles are also included in the paper. For the three load cases investigated, the recuperated ICRH gas turbine cycle provides the highest values of electric efficiency and Energy Saving Index for the cogenerative systems requiring low thermal loads (high power-to-heat ratio) compared to the other cycles. Also, this study showed, in general, that the recuperated ICRH cycle permits wider power-to-heat ratio range compared to the other cycles and for different load cases examined, a beneficial thermodynamic characteristic for the cogeneration applications. Furthermore, this study clearly shows that implementation of the recuperated ICRH cycle in a cogeneration system will permit to design a gas turbine which has the high specific work capacity and high electric efficiency at low value of the overall cycle pressure ratio compared to the other cycles studied. Economic performance of the investigated gas turbine cycles have been found dependent on the power-to-heat ratio value and the selected cost structure (fuel cost, electric sale price, steam sale price, etc.), the results for a selected cost structure in the study are discussed in this paper.
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DUŻYŃSKI, Adam. "Commercial operation of the biogas cogeneration set with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine." Combustion Engines 152, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117013.
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The paper discusses three years commercial operation to date of the Biogas Cogeneration Set driven with the JMS 316 GS-B.LC GE JENBACHER type engine, which has been operating in the WARTA S.A. Sewage Treatment Plant of Czestochowa since the end of December 2008. The analysis covered the CHP Sets operation and shutdown times, number of start-ups and availability, electric energy and heat generation, and average hourly electric and thermal load; the Sewage Treatment Plants electric energy and heat balance and the degree of coverage of its electric energy and heat demand by its own production; the unit biogas consumption by the CHP Set; the service work carried out on, and failures of the CHP Set; and the economic effects gained from the operation of the Set. The study is a continuation of the authors previous publications [3, 6, 7, 8] and, jointly with them, constitutes a unique compendium of knowledge for future operators of CHP biogas sets in the form of a collection of actual operational data for one of the most representative biogas cogeneration sets operated in domestic sewage plants in terms of electric power (approx. 0.8 MW).
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Stepanova, Elena, and Alexey Maksimov. "Estimating the effect of equipment reliability indices, schedules, and regular overhaul scopes on reliability and efficiency of combined heat and power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185802014.
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We have developed a technique and a programming-computing suite (PCS) to estimate the effect of equipment reliability indices, schedules, and regular overhaul scopes on reliability and efficiency of combined heat and power plants (CHPPs). We describe the approach to predict heat and electric loads for the investigated CHPP operation period, taking into account the features of the power cogeneration. We performed optimization studies of two operation periods (different in overhaul resources) for an industrial-heating CHPP.
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Fan, Lijun, and Jiedong Cui. "Capacity optimization of renewable energy microgrid considering hydropower cogeneration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032068.
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Abstract This paper proposes a renewable energy system based on photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and solar thermal power generation, combining thermal power plants with low-temperature multi-effect distillation. Through the electric heater and the thermal storage system photovoltaic and wind power will spare capacity in the form of heat energy, at the same time by thermal power generation system to maintain the stability of the power supply, run under constant output scheduling policy, to the levelling of the smallest energy cost and the design of power rate of maximum satisfaction as the goal, using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best combination of capacity, this system is established. At the same time, combined with low-temperature multi-effect distillation, compared with reverse osmosis seawater desalination cost is lower, reduce energy consumption, has a good application prospect.
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Sharapov, V. I., M. E. Orlov, M. M. Zamaleev, and P. E. Chaukin. "Modernization for cogeneration and district heating systems in urban areas: objectives and practice." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 3 (October 21, 2018): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-3-184-191.
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The factors determining the need for modernization of urban district heating systems with combined heat and power are considered. It is noted that these factors include a significant reduction in thermal loads, new technical and technological opportunities for improving district heating systems, the change in legislation in the field of energy and heat supplying. It is shown that the main disadvantage of the current state of Russian cogeneration systems is a decrease in the combined production of heat and power, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of fuel use, due to unreasonably extensive use of autonomous heat supply sources in many regions. Besides, combined heat and power plants (CHPP) experience a lack of a level playing field in competition with other power plants in the electricity market, with a technically and economically unjustified ban imposed on open heat supply systems. For effective use of the benefits of cogeneration and district heating, the following top priority measures are recommended. It is required to legislate the economic benefits for the combined production of electricity and heat. It is necessary to adjust the model of the wholesale electric energy and power market to eliminate discrimination of CHPP in this market. The construction of autonomous heat sources in urban areas with CHPPs is to be prohibited unless substantiated with an adequate feasibility study. Decommissioning of CHPPs and heat sources, which are used to back up CHPPs, must only be permitted subject to a mandatory feasibility study, including assessment of effects on reliability of heat supply of urban consumers. The Russian Federal Law “On heat supply” is to be adjusted to lift the total ban on the use of open heat supply systems. It is required to create a national body with sufficient authority to control and coordinate the activities of energy companies to modernize cogeneration and district heating systems.
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Sim, Jason, Rozli Zulkifli, and Shahrir Abdullah. "Conceptual Thermosyphonic Loop Cooled Thermoelectric Power Cogeneration System for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.294.
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Thermoelectric cogeneration may be applied to the exhaust of an automobile to generate additional electric power, by applying a temperature differential across the thermoelectric power generation modules. To obtain maximum net power, the highest allowable temperature difference should be obtained. Therefore, a cooling system should be employed to ensure that the cold side of the thermoelectric modules remain as cold as possible. An evaporative cooling system patented by Einstein and Szilard is used as a base for a non-parasitic cooling system to be used together with thermoelectric modules. The cooling system utilizes the same heat which powers the thermoelectric modules as a power source. By utilizing the high solubility of ammonia in water, the solubility dependency with temperature, and usage of polar and non-polar solvents to direct the flow of ammonia as a coolant, it is possible to create a cooling system which performs better than passive heat sinks, but negates the power requirements of active cooling systems.
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Antipov, YU A., P. R. Val'yekho Malbdonado, P. P. Oshchepkov, I. K. Shatalov, and I. I. Shatalova. "Efficiency of a cogeneration plant based on a diesel engine under uneven electrical load conditions." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 5 (2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2020-5-13-17.
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A feature of electrical energy is that it must be produced at a given moment as much as the con-sumer needs. However, the graphs of energy consumption are very uneven over the time of day. In order to cover peak loads, the highly mobile equipment, which is often less economical, is used. This equipment is operated at partial power modes, where its efficiency is markedly reduced. One of the real ways to get out of this situation can be the use of heat pumps (HP) in circuits with cogeneration units (CU) based on heat engines. In this case, it becomes possible to use the heat engine in an economical mode throughout the day, and direct excess electricity at night to the heat pump drive. The paper considers two options for the operation of a cogeneration plant based on a diesel engine in power supply schemes for an individual consumer under conditions of an uneven electrical load schedule. Wartsila 12V32 is taken as an example of a CU. Such plants are operated in different regions of the Russian Federation. The main data of the CU in the design mode are given. Diesel generator: electric power - 6000 kW, hourly fuel consumption - 1080 kg / h, thermal power - 5240 kW, exhaust gas temperature - 485 ° C, effective efficiency - 0.46, fuel heat utilization factor 0.89. In the first version, the CU operates in a standard mode. This ensures the generation of electrical power in accordance with the schedule. In the second version, the CU is used in conjunction with the HP to obtain additional thermal power. Calculations have shown that by including a heat pump in a cogeneration unit operating in an uneven electrical load schedule mode, it is possible to ensure that the diesel engine operates at maximum efficiency during the whole day and to increase the fuel heat utilization rate by 17-20%.
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Ito, K., R. Yokoyama, S. Akagi, and Y. Matsumoto. "Influence of Fuel Cost on the Operation of a Gas Turbine-Waste Heat Boiler Cogeneration Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906466.
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The influence of fuel cost on the operation is investigated for a gas turbine-waste heat boiler cogeneration plant by an optimal operational planning method. A planning method is first presented by which the operational policy of each piece of constituent equipment is determined so as to minimize the operational cost. Then, a case study is performed for a cogeneration plant used for district heating and cooling. Through the study, it is made clear how the optimal operational policy and the economic or energy conservative properties are influenced by the costs of purchased electric power and natural gas. It is also shown that the optimal operational policy is superior in economy as compared with other conventional ones.
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Gong, Xin Zhi, Yasunori Akashi, and Daisuke Sumiyoshi. "Energy Performance of SOFC Cogeneration System for Residential Buildings in Chinese Cold Areas." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.48.
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Primary energy reduction and energy efficiency improvement are important targets to be achieved in every society and in residential buildings in particular. An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future residential buildings. This paper aims to analyze the energy performance in terms of primary energy demand and its reduction rate when SOFC cogeneration system is used in residential buildings. This study outlines SOFC cogeneration system and its simulation method, and then develops a standard family model for simulation under cold weather condition in China and selected Beijing city as an example, and finally compares them with traditional power and heat generation system based on gas and electricity. The results show that SOFC cogeneration system is an energy-efficient alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology for cold climatic cities such as Beijing, and can offer a large reduction rate (about 15.8% in winter) of primary energy demand in residential buildings. This study also finds that the significant reductions in primary energy demand of SOFC system result for the periods with air temperature decreasing.
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Bhargava, R., M. Bianchi, G. Negri di Montenegro, and A. Peretto. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of an Intercooled, Reheat and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications–Part I: Base Load Operation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413463.
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This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of an intercooled, reheat (ICRH) gas turbine, with and without recuperation, for cogeneration applications. The optimization analyses of thermodynamic parameters have permitted to calculate variables, such as low-pressure compressor pressure ratio, high-pressure turbine pressure ratio and gas temperature at the waste heat recovery unit inlet while maximizing electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index.” Subsequently, the economic analyses have allowed to evaluate return on the investment, and the minimum value of gross payout period, for the cycle configurations of highest thermodynamic performance. In the present study three sizes (100 MW, 20 MW, and 5 MW) of gas turbines have been examined. The performed investigation reveals that the maximum value of electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index” is achieved for a large size (100 MW) recuperated ICRH gas turbine based cogeneration system. However, a nonrecuperated ICRH gas turbine (of 100 MW) based cogeneration system provides maximum value of return on the investment and the minimum value of gross payout period compared to the other gas turbine cycles, of the same size and with same power to heat ratio, investigated in the present study. A comprehensive thermo-economic analysis methodology, presented in this paper, should provide useful guidelines for preliminary sizing and selection of gas turbine cycle for cogeneration applications.
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Nogueirão, Luiz Fellipe, Márcio Turra de Ávila, Anderson Antonio Ubices de Moraes, Luben Cabezas Gómez, Délson Luiz Módolo, and Dev Sagar Shrestha. "Project of a cogeneration system using biogas." Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n1p31.
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Brazil has been among the countries with the cleanest energy matrix in the world. The country showed high growth rates on the economy during the first years of the 21st, which brought to a rapid demand on energy supply. The situation got worser with long dry seasons, resulting on the commissioning of several thermoelectric plants. In the sugar-alcohol sector, the cogeneration became essential. In this context, the use of biomass for the generation and burning of biogas shows great potential in the production of electricity and heat. The discussed study involves the design of a biogas cogeneration system for the Federal University of São Carlos. The considered biomass originates from the campus itself and is composed of organic waste. The system consists of a modified diesel engine, accoupled to an electric generator and three heat exchangers. The monthly production of electricity is 7,7 MWh with a power of 30 kW. The monthly production of thermal energy is 9,8 MWh with a power of 37,6 kW. The costs are quoted adding up to R$ 162,877.00 for the complete system. The annual savings with the system is estimated at R$ 91,126.40, reaching an amortization time of one year and ten months.
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Vittorini, Diego, Fabio Fatigati, Davide Di Battista, Marco Di Bartolomeo, and Roberto Carapellucci. "Experimental Assessment of a Multi-Variable Control Strategy of a Micro-Cogeneration Solar-ORC Plant for Domestic Application." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208006.
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Suitability to off-design operation, applicability to combined thermal and electrical generation in a wide range of low temperatures and pressures and compliance with safety and environmental limitations qualify small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle plants as a viable option for combined heat and power generation in the residential sector. As the plants scale down, the electric and thermal output maximization has to account for issues, spanning from high pump power absorption, compared to the electric output of the plant, to intrinsically low plant permeability induced by the expander, to the intermittent availability of thermal power, affected by the heat demand for domestic hot water (DHW) production. The present paper accounts for a flat-plate solar thermal collector array, bottomed by an ORC unit featuring a sliding vane expander and pump and flat-plate heat exchangers. A high-temperature buffer vessel stores artificially heated water – electric heaters, simulating the solar collector - and feeds either the hot water line for domestic use or the ORC evaporator, depending on the instantaneous demand (i.e., domestic hot water or electric power), the temperature conditions inside the tank and the stored mass availability. A low-temperature receiver acts like the heat sink of the ORC unit and harvests the residual thermal power, downstream the expander: a dedicated control, modelled to properly modulate the mass addition/subtraction to this storage unit allows to restore the operating points of the cycle and to limit the incidence of off-design operation, via real-time adjustment of the cycle operating parameters. Indeed, the possibility of continuous ORC generation depends on (i) the nature of the demand and (ii) the amount of hot water withdrawn from the high-temperature buffer vessel. The time-to-temperature for the mass stored inside the buffer affects the amount of ORC unit activations and eventually the maximum attainable generation of electric energy. The plant energy performance is experimentally assessed, and various characteristic operating points are mapped, based on test runs carried out on a real-scale ORC pilot unit.
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Vera-Romero, Iván. "Generation of electric power and air conditioning by cogeneration: a proposal for energy saving." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 49 (August 7, 2018): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n49.2018.8546.
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This paper presents the results of a case study carried out in a warehouse, and, in particular, the technical data obtained from field visits and a proposal for energy saving. The proposal entails incorporating a cogeneration system based on a motor generator (400 kWe ISO) to produce electrical energy, and an absorption cooling system (75 TR) that uses residual heat to generate air-conditioning. The absorption chiller consumed 54% less energy than the conventional air-conditioning system. Moreover, the produced energy can supply the plant’s total consumption, in addition to offering an excess of 57,312 kWh per month, which was reflected in the analysis of energy for sale to users with a high domestic consumption rate (DAC, for its Spanish acronym). The proposal’s total investment is USD 1,091,258, with a net monthly savings of USD 30,901, and an investment payback period of 2.9 years, which indicates the viability of this project according to its energy characteristics, notwithstanding that it is for a service provider company.
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Leal-Chavez, Daniel, Ricardo Beltran-Chacon, Paola Cardenas-Terrazas, Saúl Islas, and Nicolás Velázquez. "Design and Analysis of the Domestic Micro-Cogeneration Potential for an ORC System Adapted to a Solar Domestic Hot Water System." Entropy 21, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090911.
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This paper proposes the configuration of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) coupled to a solar domestic hot water system (SDHWS) with the purpose of analyzing the cogeneration capacity of the system. A simulation of the SDHWS was conducted at different temperatures, observing its performance to determine the amounts of useable heat generated by the solar collector; thus, from an energy balance point of view, the amount of heat that may be used by the ORC could be determined. The working fluid that would be suitable for the temperatures and pressures in the system was selected. The best fluid for the given conditions of superheated vapor at 120 °C and 604 kPa and a condensation temperature of 60 °C and 115 kPa was acetone. The main parameters for the expander thermodynamic design that may be used by the ORC were obtained, with the possibility of generating 443 kWh of annual electric energy with 6.65% global efficiency of solar to electric power, or an overall efficiency of the cogeneration system of 56.35% with a solar collector of 2.84 m2.
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Lisin, E. M., and V. O. Kindra. "Improving the maneuverability and thermal efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2150, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2150/1/012020.
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Abstract The paper is devoted to the issue of increasing the maneuverability and efficiency of modern cogeneration systems based on gas turbine power plants. Promising solutions for increasing the maneuverability of GTU-CHPP by using heat accumulators and the formation of a preheating circuit of the network water are considered. It is shown that in the non-heating period, it is possible to increase both the thermal efficiency and the generated electric power by installing a heat exchanger in front of the compressor. The calculation results show that this provides an increase of 0.4% in the net electrical efficiency by and an increase 3.3% in the annual electricity generation.
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Yuan, Ya Ning, and Ming Meng. "Research on Microgrid System in the DC-Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.678.
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In order to achieve the objectives of energy-saving and emission reduction for modern buildings and provide high quality power supply, a DC microgrid system of thermoelectric energy comprehensive control is proposed. The system includes two subsystems of electric energy and heat energy system, and realizes electric and heat energy transformation and combination through cogeneration unit and electronic heating device. To achieve efficient use of energy, integrated management strategies is also proposed. Distributed generations are controlled by the maximum power tracking strategy, and the hybrid energy storage system uses droop control strategy to stabilize DC bus voltage. In the connection point between the grid and microgrid, the bidirectional converter uses vector decoupling control strategy with double closed loop for pulse width modulation (PWM) to solve the problem of bidirectional power flow with the grid. The simulation results indicate that the system can provide high quality, energy saving, stable power for the modern building.
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Cheekatamarla, Praveen. "Role of On-Site Generation in Carbon Emissions and Utility Bill Savings under Different Electric Grid Scenarios." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103477.
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Energy-efficient and sustainable technologies are necessary to lower energy and carbon footprints. Many technologies are being pursued to meet the increasing energy demand in buildings. An attractive option is efficient utilization of available energy resources, including renewables, to support current and future building energy needs while targeting grid resiliency, energy, and environmental security at an affordable cost via on-site cogeneration-based approaches. This must include energy-efficient technologies with lower greenhouse gas emissions and optimized cost, performance, and reliability. This paper presents the economic and environmental benefits associated with power technologies such as thermionics and solid oxide fuel cells. Hybrid configurations consisting of heat pumps, power systems, and renewable photovoltaics in cogeneration and trigeneration modes of operation are presented. The role of such technologies in lowering CO2 emissions while improving energy resiliency and serving the needs of underprivileged communities is discussed. The key barriers of affordability and potential solutions for large-scale implementation of these promising technologies are reviewed. Case studies demonstrating the influence of power rating, electrical efficiency, design configuration, carbon dioxide intensity of the grid, and fuel on annual greenhouse gas emissions are presented for residential and commercial buildings.
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Derii, V. O. "Prospects for the use of electric heat generators in district heating systems for the supply of energy supplementary services for power systems." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.04.013.
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The projection of the hot water thermal load of the district heating system’s consumers is developed. It is shown that the total heat load of centralized hot water supply systems in Ukraine today is about 3.0 GW. It determines the full potential of maneuvering power of electric heat generators to provide ancillary services to a power system. Moreover, due to the decline of the Ukrainian population and the decrease of demand for thermal energy, it is expected to decline in the future and will reach 1.9 GW in 2050 (down 36.6% compared to 2020). During the non-heating period, under market conditions, it is expected that heat-generating technologies will compete with each other for the ability to supply heat water to the district systems. The solar collectors will be excluded from the market competition as they do not require a fuel, and therefore their use during the non-heating period is the most profitable. Another technology that will be in use is biomass boilers, their minimum reduced weighted average lossless price of thermal energy (Marginal Levelized Price of Energy - MLPOE) is 102 UAH / Gcal. Gas cogeneration technologies also have a great chance to use their thermal capacity (MLPOE - 258 UAH / Gcal), heat pumps (MLPOE - 155 UAH / Gcal), electric boilers (MLPOE - 633 UAH / Gcal) and gas boilers (MLPOE - 964 UAH / Gcal) will also be used. The analysis of different options for providing ancillary services to the power system showed that considering the competition among technologies, the most feasible option is to involve CHP equipped with electric heat generators. This option allows performing both daily regulation of power and load of power system and also regulation during the system’s night minimum load. At the same time, the balancing power for the current situation is about 1.3 GW for daily control and 1.4 GW for regulation during the night minimum load Keywords: structure of heat generation, heat-generating technologies, heat load, power system, schedule of electric loads, night failure, power, heat pumps, electric boilers, CHP
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Lesme, Corredor, Avendaño José, Bello Robert, Redondo Álvaro, Calle José, and Viloria Jesús. "Industrial Energetic Districts: Impact Analysis on the Global Energy Efficiency and Business Competitiveness." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186408007.
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Process industries located in emerging economies have relative low levels of production to similar ones located in developed countries, this fact influences the implementation feasibility of cogeneration and/or tri-generation systems that allow a substantial increase in the plant global energy efficiency. In this paper, an energy and economic analysis of several alternatives of cogeneration was done for a company located in Barranquilla (Colombia, South America) that produces vegetable oils and derivatives and its energy matrix is approximately 90% thermal and 10% electric. In this investigation two type of analysis were done, both supported by process simulation software, these are: 1) Taking the plant as the control volume and evaluating the entire electrical demand supply with natural gas engine and turbine – generator, plus exhaust gases heat recovery for refrigeration and/or preheating of thermal oil or water in boilers. 2) As an energy-industrial district, where the company takes advantage of the residual heat of a gas turbine and sells the excess of electrical power to nearby plants, a concept introduced by the authors as Sustainable Energetic Industrial District in Emerging Economies (SEIDEE). The input variable considered for this analysis was electric demand which restricts the technology implementation. It was found that the investment return period is notably lengthy when the thermal machine supplies the electric power demanded by the industrial plant. This period is considerably reduced when the SEIDEE concept is implemented, this period reduction is between 57% and 65%.
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Mancarella, Pierluigi. "Cogeneration systems with electric heat pumps: Energy-shifting properties and equivalent plant modelling." Energy Conversion and Management 50, no. 8 (August 2009): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.04.010.
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Bryszewska-Mazurek, Anna, and Wojciech Mazurek. "Cooperation of the Organic Rankine system with a cogeneration steam power plant - case study." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500011.
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The cooperation of the ORC system with a cogeneration steam power plant has been considered. A district heating network is supplied from a bleeder turbine. An ORC system can utilize redundant heat, especially during the summer season, when only domestic hot water needs are served. The aim of the study was a selection of an extraction steam flow to produce the maximum electric power in an ORC system and also to cover the changing heating demand in the district heating network under consideration. Various values of extraction steam flows obtained from the bleeder turbine were considered. For a given extraction steam flow, the optimum ORC size has been adjusted. The average annual efficiency of the ORC was estimated at 0,12 (for the cyclic temperatures 120/35°C). The shortest simple payback time has been estimated at 4 years, assuming that heat from the bleeder turbine meats the heating demand throughout the year and thus the ORC system also operates throughout the year.
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Mekhtiyev, A. D. "THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINE AS A LOW-POWER COGENERATION ENERGY SOURCE FOR AUTONOMOUS CONSUMER POWER SUPPLY." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no2/60-66.
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The article deals with the issue of using a thermoacoustic engine as a low-power cogeneration source of energy for autonomous consumer power supply capable of operating on various types of fuel and wastes subject to combustion. The analysis of the world achievements in this field of energy has been carried out. A number of advantages make it very promising for developing energy sources capable of complex production of electrical and thermal energy with a greater efficiency than that of present day thermal power plants. The proposed scheme of a thermal power plant is based on the principle of a Stirling engine, but it uses the most efficient and promising thermoacoustic converter of heat into mechanical vibrations, which are then converted into electric current. The article contains a mathematical apparatus that explains the basic principles of the developed thermoacoustic engine. To determine the main parameters of the thermoacoustic engine, the methods of computer modeling in the DeltaEC environment have been used. A layout diagram of the laboratory sample of a thermal power plant has been proposed and the description of its design has been given. It has been proposed to use dry saturated steam as the working fluid, which makes it possible to increase the generated power of the thermoacoustic engine.
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Fumo, N., P. J. Mago, and A. D. Smith. "Analysis of combined cooling, heating, and power systems operating following the electric load and following the thermal load strategies with no electricity export." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 225, no. 8 (September 21, 2011): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650911402737.
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Technologies such as cogeneration and trigeneration have great potential for energy and emission reduction because these technologies make better use of fuels by recovering waste heat to satisfy thermal loads. Operation of a system that involves several types of equipment operating as one unit, that at the same time interact with the building to meet its energy demand, requires an operational strategy that makes the system operate properly. This means the system must be able to respond to the building energy demand while having the best performance within the constraints imposed by the operational strategy. When a cogeneration system (combined heating and power) or trigeneration system (combined cooling, heating, and power) operates at partial load, the operational strategy has particular effect on the performance of the system. Two common operational strategies to operate these systems are following the electric load and following the thermal load. This article presents a methodology that allows selecting the right operational strategy based on the ratio between the building electric and thermal loads, and the ratio between electricity demand and size of the power generation unit when exporting electricity is not an option. Results show that the following the thermal load strategy seems to be better than the following the electric load strategy for most cases. Therefore, the methodology presented in this article is a decision-making tool for the selection of the right operational strategy.
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Salimy, Djati Hoesen, Sriyono Sriyono, Elfrida Saragi, and Abdul Hafid. "The assessment of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration system (NHCS) for CO2 conversion to urea fertilizer." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n2.1382.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews the application of a nuclear hydrogen cogeneration system (NHCS) for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to urea fertilizer. The NHCS is powered by high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR)with 2x600 MWt which is sufficient to produce hydrogen and heat energy to convert CO2 from coal-fired power plants with a power of 90 MWe to urea fertilizer of 1725 tons per day. As a source CO2, a coal-fired power plant is built near NHCS. Compared to conventional fertilizer plant, the NHCS application can save natural gas by 21.25x106 MMBTU/year, with a potential reduction in CO2 emission rate of 1.66x106 tons/year. Besides, there is still nuclear heat remaining at about 425.65 MWt which is equivalent to 140.46 MWe of electricity, and 90 MWe of electricity from coal-fired power plants that can be connected to electric grid. The paper also discusses the significance of the combination of NHCS and the technology of CO2 conversion which is expected to play an important role in the industry in the future as an environmentally friendly approach.
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Chen, Xiaotao, Yang Si, Chengkui Liu, Laijun Chen, Xiaodai Xue, Yongqing Guo, and Shengwei Mei. "The Value and Optimal Sizes of Energy Storage Units in Solar-Assist Cogeneration Energy Hubs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 4994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144994.
Full textAbstract:
Cogeneration is becoming increasingly popular in building and community energy systems with demands on electricity and heat, which is suitable for residential and industrial use in remote areas. This paper considers a stand-alone cogeneration energy hub. The electrical and thermal energies are produced by a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, photovoltaic panels, and a solar thermal collector. Since solar units generate no electricity and heat during the night, energy storage units which shift demands over time can promote the usage of solar energy and reduce the fuel cost of the CHP unit. This paper proposes a method to retrieve the optimal operation cost as an explicit function in the capacity parameters of electric and thermal energy storage units, reflecting the value of energy storage in the cogeneration energy hub. The capacity parameter set is divided into a collection of polyhedrons; on each polyhedron, the optimal value is an affine function in the capacity parameters. Furthermore, the optimal sizes of system components are discussed. The capacity of the CHP unit is determined from a linear program, ensuring supply adequacy; the capacities of solar generation and energy storage units are calculated based on the cost reduction and the budget. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.