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Academic literature on the topic 'Coeur – Morphogenèse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coeur – Morphogenèse"
Gilgenkrantz, H. "Le coeur sur la main : gènes HAND et morphogenèse cardiaque." médecine/sciences 14, no. 6-7 (1998): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1144.
Full textKelly, RG, and ME Buckingham. "La régionalisation de l'expression de gènes cardiaques : implications pour la morphogenèse du coeur." médecine/sciences 14, no. 10 (1998): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/908.
Full textBreton, Marie-Pier, and Geneviève Cloutier. "Cadre institutionnel et pratiques locales de l’aménagement en territoire nordique." Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 47, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042901ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Coeur – Morphogenèse"
Chartier, Aymeric. "Contribution à l'analyse génétique de la morphogenèse du coeur chez la drosophile." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22042.
Full textGolzio, Christelle. "Signalisation FGF dans la morphogenèse du coeur humain : du développement normal aux cardiopathies congénitales." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T028.
Full textThe congenital cardiopathies are the most common malformations in Humans. Fgfr2b is expressed by cardiac neural crest cells which are essential during maturation of the outflow tract segment of the heart into aorta and pulmonary artery. The LIM homeodomain-containing transcription factor Islet-1 (Is11) is critical for cardiogenesis in animal models. We demonstrate that ISL1 directly activates FGF 10 transcription in human heart primordia via a novel intronic regulatory element containing ISL1- and GATA-binding sites. ISL1 also binds elements of human cardiac chromatin near other genes transcribed between 31 and 38 days' development, some of which are also predicted to contain GATA-binding motifs. ISL1 and GATA4 are expressed in situ by the developing human heart during this period. In demarcating the human second heart field, ISL1 may directly coordinate FGF, BMP and cell polarity signalling pathways. Finally, we show that STRA6, a gene involved in retinoic acid pathway, is responsible for Matthew-Wood syndrome
Bajolle, Fanny. "Second champ cardiaque et morphogenèse de la voie efférente : de la souris à l'homme." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P634.
Full textKnowledge about the morphogenesis of the heart is crucial to understanding congenital heart disease. The discovery of the second heart field and its contribution to the outflow tract has changed our view of how the heart forms. The expression profiles of two transgenic mouse lines expressed in subdomains of the second heart field, together with lineage analysis of cardiomyocytes, suggest that the myocardium at the base of the great arteries is prefigured in subdomains of the second heart field. Outflow tract myocardium rotates prior to the positioning of the great arteries and this rotation is disturbed in mutants with outflow tract defects. In Fgf10 mutant embryos, the outflow tract is normal when FgfR2IIIb mutant embryos have malformations of the outflow tract. Analysis of Nkx2. 5 mutant embryos has shown that second heart field markers fail to be repressed in differentiated myocardial cells. In conclusion, data from animal models give new insights into congenital heart disease
Meilhac, Sigolène. "Morphogenèse du coeur : une analyse clonale rétrospective des cellules du myocarde, par marquage génétique avec nlaacZ chez la souris." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112273.
Full textTo investigate the cellular properties and behaviour, which underlie heart morphogenesis, we have adopted a retrospective clonal approach to cell labelling in the mouse. The nlaacZ reporter gene is spontaneously activated, at low frequency, by mitotic recombination and clones of cells are generated randomly, at different stages of development. We have integrated the reporter gene into the α-cardiac actin locus, which permits observation of the size and the distribution of clones produced in the myocardium. Several thousands of embryos at E8. 5 and El0. 5, as well as foetuses at E14. 5, and neonates at P7, have been dissected. We show that myocardial cells are produced by a proliferative mode of growth. This takes place in two phases, before and after the formation of the cardiac tube, during which intercalation and positioning of daughter cells are regulated differently. Orientation of clonal cell growth prefigures the fine architecture of the myocardium and contributes to the differential morphogenesis of the functional units of the heart. We also show that regionalisation of myocardial cells, i. E. The restriction of their potential to participate in a given functional unit of the adult heart, proceeds in several steps. We distinguish two cell lineages, corresponding to the primary and secondary heart fields, which segregate sequentially from an early common precursor. Their contributions to cardiac units are overlapping, except in the left ventricle and the outflow tract respectively. Regionalisation of cells in adjacent units along the arterial-venous axis, is progressive, suggesting that it occurs by the restriction of cell dispersion. It is only at the time of the formation of the interventricular septum that a clonal boundary is detected, between the right and left ventricles. We discuss how these results shed new light on the mechanisms of heart morphogenesis, on their genetic determinism and on their evolution
Schleich, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation 3D de la morphogenèse cardiaque : création d'un outil multimédia d'enseignement et de recherche sur le développement normal du coeur humain." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B059.
Full textBønnelykke, Tobias Holm. "Identification and characterization of notch3 as a new asymmetric factor during heart looping." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS556.pdf.
Full textLeft-right asymmetry of the heart is essential for establishing the double blood circulation : abnormal left-right patterning of the embryo leads to congenital heart defects in the heterotaxy syndrome. Whereas the heart initially forms as a straight tube, it acquires an asymmetric helical shape during the process of heart looping. This is a key step of heart morphogenesis, during which cardiac chambers are aligned, as a prerequisite for the correct plumbing of the blood circulation. Although the left determinant NODAL is an important regulator of heart looping, previous work in the lab has shown that it is not the only asymmetry factor, but that NODAL plays a key role in biasing and amplifing pre-existing asymmetries. Yet, asymmetries other than NODAL signaling have remained unclear. In order to investigate the left-right patterning of cardiac precursors, we designed a transcriptomic approach to screen for differential gene expression in the left and right heart fields of the mouse embryo. The transcriptional screen has been performed in individual embryos, at seven sequential stages of heart looping. From an initial pilot screen, we have identified Notch3 as a novel asymmetric gene. State-of-the-art 3D spatio-temporal quantitative mapping of Notch3 expression revealed that it was transiently expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm, containing heart precursor cells, before heart looping. We found that Notch3 was co-expressed with Nodal within this population and that Notch3 asymmetry was amplified by NODAL signaling, providing the first molecular evidence that NODAL acts as an amplifier of asymmetry. Given that the mouse has four paralogue Notch receptors, we have investigated potential redundancy between them. From published single cell RNA sequencing and new quantitative mapping, we observed specific expression patterns : Notch4 expression was negligible, that of Notch1 was restricted to the endocardium and dorsal aortae, whereas Notch2 was expressed in heart progenitors and enriched in the juxta-cardiac field, where Notch3 is low. We have not detected any obvious asymmetry of other Notch. In Notch3 mutant heart fields, Notch1 and Notch2 were found upregulated, thus indicating potential compensation. To elucidate the contribution of Notch3 to heart looping, we have adopted three approaches. We have generated Notch3 mutants at E9.5 to quantify anomalies in heart looping. We have crossed Notch3 mutants with Nodal mutants, to assess interaction between these two asymmetric genes. Finally, to overcome compensation by other Notch paralogues, we will treat Notch3 mutants with a subphenotypic dose of gamma-secretase inhibitors and assess whether it worsens heart looping defects. These functional experiments are ongoing. During this project, we have developed novel tools to screen and quantify asymmetric gene expression in cardiac precursors. We will discuss the discovery of Notch3 in the context of left-right asymmetry and heart development. By analogy with the role of Notch3 in other tissues, we will discuss cellular mechanisms regulated by Notch3. Altogether, this work provides novel insight into the mechanisms of left-right asymmetric organogenesis
Darrigrand, Jean-François. "Influence of BMP signaling on neural crest cells during heart outflow tract septation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS085.pdf.
Full textThe heart outflow tract (OFT) is originally a solitary tube, which is septated into the aortic and pulmonary artery (Pa) during embryonic development. This morphogenesis is regulated by the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCC), which colonize the OFT and condense towards the endocardium, triggering its rupture and the fromation of the two arteries. Investigations to identify the molecular cues controlling cNCC behaviour in the OFT mesenchyme have established the importance of the Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMP). However, little is known on the molecular cascades triggered by BMP signaling responsible for the cNCC mediated OFT septation. To get insights into these molecular cascades, we decided to dissect the role of Dullard, a perinuclear phosphatase uncovered as a BMP intracellular signaling inhibitor, during OFT morphogenesis. Our results show that deletion of Dullard in the cNCC increases BMP intracellular signaling, leading to premature and asymmetric septation of the OFT, Pa obstruction and embryonic death. This BMP overactivation in the cNCC triggers the downregulation of mesenchymal markers and the upregulation of a cytokine called Sema3c, which in turn results in premature cNCC compaction at the endocardium. In addition, asymmetric differentiation of the distal subpulmonary myocardium contributes to asymmetrical rupture of the endocardium and Pa obstruction. Finally, our data converge to a model whereby graded BMP activity and Sema3c expression in the cNCC along the OFT axis set the tempo of OFT septation from its distal to its proximal regions. Hence, our findings reveal that fine tuning of BMP signaling levels in cNCC orchestrate OFT septation in time and space
Darby, Daniel. "A mechanism of oriented cell division underlying cardiac chamber expansion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS666.
Full textThe development of the heart is an intricate process both physically and genetically which requires regulation on many levels. Perturbations of this cardiogenic programme often has potent consequence on the organ and this is evident from the 1% incidence in births which are affected by a congenital heart disease (CHD). CHDs, such as cardiomyopathies, affect the architecture of the cardiac muscle, which is vital to the heartsfunction. The shape of the ventricular walls is particularly important to their function in terms of both defining the shape of the ventricular chambers and in establishing an appropriate myofiber architecture for efficient contractions (Meilhac et al., 2003). Previous work in the lab has provided insight into how this is achieved in the ventricles. It was found, through clonal analysis, that oriented tissue growth underlies cardiac chamber expansion (Meilhac et al., 2004). Analysis of earlier stages of the embryonic heart found regional coordination of cell divisions which preconfigured the myofiber architecture of the adult heart (Le Garrec et al., 2013). These studies suggest that oriented cell division plays an important role in sculpting the heart. However a mechanism by which this is regulated has yet to be established in the expanding ventricular chambers. In this project we use a combination of transcriptomic analysis, 3D cell segmentation, embryo culture experiments and molecular interference to investigate a mechanism for oriented cell division. Using bulk RNAseq we identified the NuMA:GPSM apparatus, the Planar Cell Polarity pathway and the integrin mechano-sensing pathway as candidates for further analysis. In combination with the transcriptomic analysis we wanted to identify if cells in the expanding ventricles were behaving according to Hertwig’s rule. To do this we have established CUBIC clearing and three dimensional lightsheet microscopy along with an automatic cell segmentation method to quantify cell elongations in the cardiac chambers. By comparing the elongation ratio of the cell to the detected axes of division the tools and approaches described above will enable us to identify if coordination existed between the two and if this was regionally specific. To analyse the impact of cardiac contractions on oriented cell division we established embryo culture experiment conditions paired with pharmaceutical interference of contractions. Preliminary results indicate that both an increase and decrease of contraction rate affects the shape of the heart. Finally, we will target the three pathways mentioned above with dominant negative proteins in chimeric hearts to dissect the molecular pathways. The outcome of this research will have potential applications in tissue engineering therapies targeting the heart