Journal articles on the topic 'Coefficient of reproduction'
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1
Sawel, Ariny Irma, Agustinus Lomboan, Jantje Paath, and Jouke Manopo. "PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI POTONG YANG DI INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KECAMATAN TOMBATU UTARA DAN KECAMATAN RATAHAN." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.25703.
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REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE BEEF CATTLE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN THE DISTRICT OF NORTH TOMBATU AND SUB DISTRICT OF RATAHAN. The porpose of this study to know appearance of reproduction beef cattle artificial insemination in the northern Tombatu District and the Sub District of Ratahan in the Southeast Minahasa Regency. Research the everage valve standard deviation and coefficient of diversity. Based on research results that service preconception 1.25-1.30, conception rate 70-75%, calving interval 366.4-377.55 and length of pregnancy 279.25-281.1 day. It can be colcluded that the reproductive performance of artificial insemination beef cattle in North Tombatu and Ratahan Districts already quite good. Keywords: Reproduction, beef cattle, artificial insemination
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Chen, Y., Z. Cui, and L. Hao. "Virtual reality in lighting research: Comparing physical and virtual lighting environments." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 820–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153518825387.
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In the study of lighting, as the construction of a physical test room is costly and time-consuming, researchers have been actively looking for alternative media to present physical environments. Virtual reality, photo and video are the most commonly used approaches in the lighting community, and they have all been used by researchers around the world. Most such studies have been conducted without discussing what gives the subjects a better sense of realism, presence, etc., and which type of media is closer to the ideal, the physical lighting environment. In this paper, we aim to select the optimal alternative media that can present physical lighting environments. We compare a human’s subjective feeling towards a physical lighting environment and three alternative reproduction technologies, namely, virtual reality reproduction, video reproduction and photographic reproduction. We also discuss the feasibility of using virtual reality in representing lighting environments. The selection of the most optimal media is based on the perceptual attributes of lighted space, and the findings are only related to these criteria. The main results of this study are the following: (a) The order of the overall presentation-ability of the media is physical space > virtual reality reproductions > video reproductions > photo reproductions. (b) In terms of subjective rating, virtual reality lighting environments are rated closest to the physical lighting environments, and the order of the approximate coefficient of the media is physical space (1) > VR reproductions (0.886) > video reproductions (0.752) > photo reproductions (0.679). (c) Virtual reality can present lighting attributes of open/close, diffuse/glaring, bright/dim and noisy/quiet consistent with the physical environment. (d) Human subjects are most satisfied with VR reproductions.
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Mikhailova, O. G. "On reproductive biology of tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924 (Crustacea, Decapoda) females at southeastern Kamchatka." Izvestiya TINRO 200, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-884-894.
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Fecundity and some other reproductive characteristics of tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi females are studied for the first time in the area at southeastern Kamchatka on the materials collected in spring and summer aboard research vessels (in 2016 and 2019) and fishing boats (in 2020). The females with new eggs prevailed in the catches. The size of functional sexual maturity was determined as 79 mm. The implemented fertility was estimated as 93.4 ± 28.1.103 eggs in 2016 and 115.7 ± 24.5.103 eggs in 2019, on average. Reproductive effort and K/r-coefficient were evaluated; their relatively high values confirmed r-strategy of tanner crab reproduction.
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Zamalieva, Faniya. "REINFECTION OF Y-VIRUS ON SEED POTATO IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-10-13.
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The studies were carried out to identify the relationship between the vector activity of aphids and the intensity of Y-virus reinfection on seed potatoes. The growth rate of viral infection was assessed using the reinfection coefficient, which is the ratio between the rates of infection at the end and beginning of the growing season. The vector activity of aphids was determined for the entire growing season, taking into account the severity coefficients for different aphid species. The critical threshold for the vector activity of aphids was considered to be the abundance level equivalent to 50 specimens of the peach aphid. With the vector activity of aphids at the level of the critical threshold (1 CT), the coefficient of reinfection PVY of Nevskiy variety was at the level of 1. When it increased to 2.6 times the critical threshold, a 3.8… 4.8-fold increase in the coefficient of reinfection occurred. With a further increase in the vector activity of aphids to 4.3 and 10.5 critical threshold, it remained at the same level. The inhibition of the growth of critical threshold is explained by the fact that the Y-virus, as not persistent, remains in the carrier for a short time and therefore is transmitted to the same nearby surrounding plants. The accumulation of viral infection in the early stages of reproduction of the original and original material can occur latently, which is associated with a limited number of samples taken for analysis (200 ... 250 plants or tubers) and, accordingly, a low probability of detecting the degree of infection less than 0.5%. According to the results of calculations during the reproduction of seed with a reinfection coefficient of 4 and reaching the first reproduction with an infestation of 10%, the safe level of infestation of PVY in greenhouse minitubers should not exceed 0.01%, in the first field generation - 0.04%, in the super-super-elite - 0 , 15%, among the super elite - 0.6%, the elite - 2.5%
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Miftahuddin, Hamdan, and H. Hastuti. "The Influence of the Farmers Knowledge Level toward the Ettawa Goat Reproduction Regulation System at Ranojaya, Indonesia." Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v2i2.304.
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This research was conducted from May to June of 2016 in Ranojaya, Indonesia. There was so the purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the farmers’ knowledge level toward the Ettawa goat reproduction regulation system in Ranojaya, Indonesia. In determining the location of the research, the researchers were deliberately placed in Ranojaya, Indonesia. It wasby looking at the stressing of Ranojaya area.It was found thatmost of the community have business of Ettawa goat. The technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique, where the samples are deliberately selected from a population on the basis of the criteria determined by the researcher is the breeder of Ettawa goat who knows about the regulation of the reproductive system, and from the 1,193 population of 15 selected farmers as the sample/respondent. The results showed that (1) There was a significant correlation between knowledge level of farmer with reproduction system arrangement on an Ettawa goat in Ranojaya, Indonesia. (2) The correlation coefficient between variable X1 (number of livestock ownership) to variable Y is 0.75. This means that there is a strong relationship between the factor of the number of livestock owned on the knowledge level of the farmers with the regulation of reproduction system in Ettawa goat cattle. (3) The correlation coefficient between variables X2 (long breeding) to variable Y is 0.64. This means that there is a strong relationship between the old factors of breeding to the level of knowledge of farmers with the regulation of reproduction system on livestock Ettawa goat. (4) The result of program effectiveness calculation and the effectiveness of the increase of respondent knowledge about the reproduction system regulation on Ettawa crossbreed goat got the effective result, namely 72,75%. While the increase of knowledge of respondents got an effective result that is 47.5%, or there is an increase in knowledge of the respondents after having been done illumination was 14.87%
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Żbikowski, Janusz, Daria Mimier, and Elżbieta Żbikowska. "Reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Oligochaeta) in shallow eutrophic lakes." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0017.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to indicate the abiotic parameters of water and bottom sediments, which significantly affect the reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis in 9 shallow eutrophic lakes, of which 5 were dominated by macrophytes and 4 – by phytoplankton. Samples were collected once a month from January to December 2012. The percentage of Potamothrix hammoniensis individuals with a developed reproductive system varied in individual lakes and ranged from 14 to 72%. There was no correlation between the distinguished lake types and the proportion of sexually mature individuals. The reproductive activity was not observed in summer and early autumn. Among the measured parameters, the highest values of the Pearson correlation coefficient were found between the percentage of individuals with a developed reproductive system and the conductivity (r = 0.69; p < 0.001), pH (r = 0.51; p = 0.002) and the organic matter content in the sediments (r = −0.42; p = 0.012). It is worth noting that there was no correlation between the percentage of sexually mature specimens and the water temperature (r = −0.22, p = 0.204) and the oxygen concentration (r = −0.08; p = 0.648).
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Guay, Michel, and Alan W. Salmoni. "Weber's Law for the Reproduction of Temporal Information." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 1 (August 1988): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.219.
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The main purpose of this research was to determine the numeric values of Weber's fraction when subjects were required to estimate temporal durations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 sec. under the method of reproduction. The results provided evidence in support of a constant coefficient of proximity for time estimation of approximately 14.5%.
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Reflinaldon, Reflinaldon, Damayanti Buchori, and Dwinardi Aprianto. "KERAGAMAN GENETIK, KEBUGARAN DAN INKOMPATIBILITAS REPRODUKSI Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), PARASITOID LARVA Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1111-10.
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Several experiments have been conducted to study genetic variation, fitness and reproductive incompatibility of H. varicornis from different geographic populations. Genetic variation from Pandai Sikek (PS), Alahan Panjang (AP) and Kayu Aro (KA) was analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique and the similarity of genetics measured using NTSys program. The fitness of female wasps such as longevity, fecundity and preoviposition was observed and then compared among those populations. Incompatibility in reproduction was determined by accounting of reproductive compatibility (RC) index in crossing of intra and interpopulation both of PS and AP. The results showed high genetic variation of H. varicornis among population from Alahan Panjang, Pandai Sikek and Kayu Aro with similarity coefficient of 30 to 70%. The best fitness showed the female wasps from Kayu Aro that was significantly different (P= 0.00) in longevity (24.60 ± 6.4 days), fecundity (63.6 ± 28.6 eggs) and parasitization (53.60%) but not significantly different (P=0.07) in number of the first day eggs (1.1 ± 1.4 eggs). Crossing of AP and PS indicated incompatibility in reproduction among the population.
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Dmitrieva, Yu N. "Factors and influence of modern challenges on demographic situation in Siberian regions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 885, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/885/1/012029.
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Abstract The article determines basic factors that influence on demographic processes in Siberia. It is underlined that fall of relative reproduction indices reflects natural transition of population groups born in 1990s to reproductive age. We analysed indices of birthrate, death rate and natural population growth among Siberian regions. It is distinguished that natural population growth is typical for districts with traditionally high relative birthrate indices and for those with high salary level. The author underlines that value of average total birthrate coefficient is not enough for simple reproduction of population in the region. In the article we have presented the reasons of migration outflow from Siberian subjects to the west of the country. It is emphasized that modern social tendencies in the society are challenges for demographic situation in Siberia: high indices of divorces, late giving birth to the first child, orientation for having one child in a family.
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KAREV, GEORGY P. "DYNAMICS OF INHOMOGENEOUS POPULATIONS AND GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY MODELS." Journal of Biological Systems 13, no. 01 (March 2005): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339005001410.
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The dynamic theory of inhomogeneous populations developed during the last decade predicts several essential new dynamic regimes applicable even to the well-known, simple population models. We show that, in an inhomogeneous population with a distributed reproduction coefficient, the entire initial distribution of the coefficient should be used to investigate real population dynamics. In the general case, neither the average rate of growth nor the variance or any finite number of moments of the initial distribution is sufficient to predict the overall population growth. We developed methods for solving the heterogeneous models and explored the dynamics of the total population size together with the reproduction coefficient distribution. We show that, typically, there exists a phase of "hyper-exponential" growth that precedes the well-known exponential phase of population growth in a free regime. The developed formalism is applied to models of global demography and the problem of "population explosion" predicted by the known hyperbolic formula of world population growth. We prove here that the hyperbolic formula presents an exact solution to the Malthus model with an exponentially distributed reproduction coefficient and that "population explosion" is a corollary of certain implicit unrealistic assumptions. Alternative models of world population growth are derived; they show a notable phenomenon, a transition from protracted hyperbolical growth (the phase of "hyper-exponential" development) to the brief transitional phase of exponential growth and, subsequently, to stabilization. The model solutions are consistent with real data and produce relatively accurate forecasts.
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Arini, Tri, Rista Islamarida, and Maria Merdiana. "The Relationship Between The Level of Knowledge About The Health of Adolescent’s Reproduction and The Prevention of White Discharge on Student at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta." Journal of Health 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol4-no2-p114-119.
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Background: Reproductive health in women is not independent of the health of sex organs. Whitish is a symptom of disease characterized by discharge of fluid from the reproductive organs rather than blood. To be able to perform the attitude of prevention of whiteness required good knowledge to the student concerned.
Purpose: Is know the relationship between the level of knowledge about the health of adolescent’s reproduction and the prevention of white discharge on student at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta
Method: This is the non experiment research with quantitative method and Cross Sectional approach. This research is done at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta on March 2017. The data is collected by giving questionnaire
Result: The result of this research is obtained that there are 43 students (84,3%) have a good level of knowledge about the health of adolescent’s reproduction and 8 students (15,7%) have enough level of knowledge. Where as, the determent demeanor of white discharge obtained 47 students (92,2%) have good demeanor and 4 students (7,8%) have bad demeanor. The result of statistic experiment is obtained correlation coefficient value (r) in the amount of r = 0,676 with significance p = 0,000 (p<0,05).
Conclusion: There is the relationship between the level of knowledge about the health of adolescent’s reproduction and the prevention of white discharge on student at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Moyudan Sleman Yogyakarta.
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Fraaz, E., and A. Malkov. "THE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AT TREATMENT OF MBIR REACTOR FUEL." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-2-206-214.
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The main results of neutron and physical calculations for the unirradiated and fulfilled fuel storages of the MBIR reactor, transport processing equipment and radiation protective cameras are adduced in this work. The analysis was made in full accordance with requirements of the state normative documents for nuclear safety of research nuclear facilities. The results of effective neutron reproduction coefficient calculations received with use of the MCU-RFFI/A program were used for the analysis. According to the results of neutron and physical calculations, the NSM mass, enrichment, a step and geometry of placement of products in a binding reactor facility rooms restrictions were set, norms of loading at which nuclear safety at the unirradiated and fulfilled storage of MBIR reactor fuel, transport and technological operations are provided both in regular conditions, and in the considered emergencies were defined. The dependence of effective coefficient of neutron reproduction changes at unauthorized water ingress into points of "dry" storage and the equipment from water density was calculated, the maximum values were defined. The extreme values of effective neutron reproduction coefficient at violation of placement geometry of the nuclear sharing materials owing to external influences and human errors were also defined. The quantity and geometry restrictions of products arrangement with the nuclear sharing materials for all radiation protective cameras on the basis of settlement researches were set.
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(Soekardono), Soekardono, Chairussyhur Arman, and Lalu Muhammad Kasip. "Identifikasi Grade Sapi Bali Betina Bibit dan Koefisien Reproduksi Sapi Betina di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (Grade Identification and Reproductive Coefficient of Bali Cattle Breeding Female in West Nusa Tenggara Province)." Buletin Peternakan 33, no. 2 (February 22, 2012): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v33i2.119.
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<p>The goals of the research were to determine grade of Bali cattle breeding female and coefficient of reproduction of cattle breeding farm in NTB. Research was conducted in West Lombok Regency representing Lombok Island and Dompu Regency representing Sumbawa Island. Determination of cattle grade was carried out by measuring body weight, body length, shoulder height, and girth circle, as well as exterior observation, followed by data analysis with statistical descriptive tool. In order to know coefficient of reproduction, interviewed were implemented to the farmers (respondents), and then data were analyzed descriptively with the aid of table. Results of the study indicated that with the criteria of Directorate General of Livestock Services (DGLS) 2006, based on shoulder height (HS), grade of Bali cattle breeding female in NTB could be classified into: grade I = 36.5%; II = 49%; III = 7.5%; and non grade (NG) = 7%; based on body length (BL): grade I = 38.5%; II = 46%; III = 7.5%; and NG = 8%. When classification was considered based on island region, it showed that grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Sumbawa was better than that of in Lombok islands. Grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Lombok Island, based on HS was found as the following: grade I = 19.8%; II = 62%; III = 11%; and NG = 7%; while based on BL: grade I = 18.8%; II = 61%; III = 10%; and NG = 9%. Grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Sumbawa Island, based on HS was as the following: grade I = 57%; II = 34%; III = 3%; and NG = 7%; while based on BL: grade I = 61%; II = 29%; III = 4%; and NG = 6%. From technical coefficient of reproduction view point, the calving interval and weaning calf age were still quite long, about 15 and 6 months, respectively.</p><p>(Key words: Grade of Bali cattle breeding, Coefficient of reproduction, Bali cattle breeding female)<br /><br /></p>
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Molina-Martín, Ainhoa, David P. Piñero, María B. Coco-Martín, Luis Leal-Vega, and Dolores de Fez. "Differences in Contrast Reproduction between Electronic Devices for Visual Assessment: Clinical Implications." Technologies 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9030068.
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The easy access to electronic devices for users has resulted in the development of a vast range of programs and applications for visual evaluation and diagnosis that can be downloaded to any device. Some of them are based on tasks and stimuli that depend on luminance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in luminance reproduction between electronic devices and their implications for contrast reproduction. A total of 20 Galaxy Tab A devices with 8-bit graphics processing units were evaluated. Characterization of every screen was performed obtaining the response curve for the achromatic stimulus. Mean, maximum and minimum luminance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained to assess differences between devices. Variation of luminance with increasing digital level was observed in all devices following a gamma distribution. Comparison between devices for mean results showed that some of them differed by as much as 45 cd/m2. The coefficient of variation varied from ~5 to 9%. Mean percentage of differences in luminance between devices reached 30%. In conclusion, differences in luminance reproduction between devices were present, even considering devices from the same manufacturing batch. It cannot be assumed that the characterization of one device can be extrapolated to other devices. Every device used for research purposes should be individually characterized to ensure the correct reproduction. For clinical purposes, limitations should be considered by visual specialists.
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Vo, Nhu Thanh, and Hideyuki Sawada. "Automatic Vowel Sequence Reproduction for a Talking Robot Based on PARCOR Coefficient Template Matching." IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieiespc.2016.5.3.215.
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Bondarenko, A. S., A. S. Borovkov, I. M. Malay, and V. A. Semyonov. "Technique for Assessing the Reproduction Error of the Complex Reflection Coefficient Unit in Waveguides." Measurement Techniques 64, no. 11 (February 2022): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-022-02022-7.
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Zhou, Chan, Zhuo Zhang, Shuo Zhang, and Yun Fei Yang. "Sexual Reproduction and Plasticity Analysis of Two Ecotypes Leymus chinensis on Heterogeneity Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.450.
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Characteristics of sexual reproduction of two L. chinensis ecotypes under saline-alkali soil and sandy soil habitats on Songnen plain were studied, such as number of florets, number of grains, seed-setting percentage and the weight of thousand grains. The results showed that number of florets, number of grains, seed-setting percentage and the weight of thousand grains of two L. chinensis ecotypes fluctuated at some range. Variation coefficients of number of florets, number of grains and seed-setting percentage were 34.63%, 79.37% and 87.2% higher, but variation coefficient of the weight of thousand grains was lower. Number of grains and seed-setting percentage of two L. chinensis ecotypes under saline-alkali soil habitat were lower than those under sandy soil habitat. Significance test showed that number of florets and seed-setting percentage of two L. chinensis ecotypes, number of grains of grey-green ecotypes L. chinensis and the weight of thousand grains of yellow-green ecotype L. chinensis between saline-alkali soil habitat and sandy soil habitat were significant or very significant. Number of florets and the weight of thousand grains between two L. chinensis ecotypes under the same habitat were significant or very significant. In results, adaptation of sexual reproduction of two L. chinensis ecotype populations on habitat was stronger. The two ecotypes adopt the same adaptable reproduction strategy. Condition change arose plasticity feedback of characteristics of sexual reproduction. And individual difference in population under the same habitat was results by microhabitat difference.
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Tukhvatullina, L. A., and L. M. Abramova. "TО BIOLOGY OF ALLIUM PLATYCAULE IN SOUTH-URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN-LNSTITUTE." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens 1, no. 138 (May 14, 2021): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2021-138-128-133.
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The introduction study of Allium platycaule S. Wats. was cani.ed out: seasonal rhythm of growth and development, seed productivity, reproduction, the characteristic of age states of initial stages of ontogenesis and assessed the success and perspective of the species under the culture аге given. А. platycaule is а short-vegetative ephemeroid plant with early flowering. In seed reproduction, the generative state occurs at 6 year of vegetation. Flowering occurs in early June, the duration of flowering Ьу year is 12-17 days. The seeds mature in early July. The vegetation lasts about 2,5 months. From 15 to 30 flowers form in the inflorescence. The fmit formation of the umbrella varies from 26 to 89 % Ьу years. The real seed productivity of 1 umbrella averages 25,4 pieces of seeds. The fmit contains an average of 2 pieces of seeds. The efficiency coefficient of umbrella ranges from 8 to 40%. The potential opportunities аге realized Ьу an average of 200/о. The natural vegetative reproduction coefficient is 3,5. Weight of 1000 seeds - 4,9 g. Winter resistance is good, attacks afterreengineering were not observed. According to the assessment of introduction resistance, А. platycaule is а promising plant.
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Sukhomlin, K. B., V. M. Koshirets, M. O. Zinchenko, Y. V. Biletskiy, and O. P. Zinchenko. "The current state of the population of the golden potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) in the northwest of Ukraine." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011905.
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The golden potato cyst nematode (GPCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 is a highly specific parasite of the roots of the nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Thus, the state of the pest population demands constant monitoring and control of distribution and numbers. The distribution of G. rostochiensis in Volyn region of Ukraine was studied in 2008–2018 using the data of the state institution the Volyn Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory. The present article gives the analysis of the study results. The disease foci were detected by visual above-ground inspection of potato plantings, also by manually collecting soil samples before planting the potatoes and after harvesting, and consequently analyzing theme. The initial (pre-planting) and conclusive (after harvest) population density of GPCN in the soil was determined by the number of cysts and the mean number of larvae and eggs in cysts obtained from 100 cm3 of soil. Cysts were isolated from soil samples by the standard funnel flotation method. The dead and living larvae were identified visually by the shape of the body and the state of internal organs. According to the results of assessing pre-planting and post-harvest nematode numbers in soil, the reproduction coefficient Рf/Рі was calculated. In Volyn region, G. rostochiensis was first observed in 1968 on farmland and since then, the parasite has spread. Pest foci were recorded in 15 districts of the region in 303 settlements on the area of 946.123 hectares. It was however found that during the latest decade, the area of soils affected by G. rostochiensis in Volyn region decreased by 147.647 hectares. The largest infected areas (over 100 ha) were located in Kovel, Rozhyshche and Manevistky districts, the least infected area was observed in Ivanychi district of the region. The pest was not found in Lutsk district. The highest infection rate was recorded in Rozhyshche district. The highest ratio of viable cysts was observed in the soils of Volodymyr-Volynsky and Rozhyshche districts. The soils of the southern districts (located in the natural zone of forests and steppe) of the region demonstrated 1.5 times higher infection rates compared to soils of the northern districts (in the natural zone of mixed forests). The soils of the southern districts also harboured stable and strong pest populations. The pre-planting soil infection rates proved to directly depend on the reproduction coefficient of GPCN. If the values of Рі, initial infection rate, were lower than 1,000 larvae and eggs per 100 cm3, the reproduction coefficient was 1.18. Increase in the pre-planting infection rate to 2,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 did not affect the reproduction coefficient. At approximately 5,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 the reproduction coefficient exceeded 2, which should be considered in developing the pest control measures.
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Refirman, Refirman, Sri Rahayu, and Anggi Anggraini. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DENGAN SIKAP TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN SEKS BAGI REMAJA DI RAWA PASUNG, BEKASI BARAT." BIOSFER: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI 9, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.9-2.2.
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Adolescent is a transitional period from childhood to the adulthood in which the adolescents have a high curiosity to know and to understand the changings occurred to themselves. The adolescents need intense information on sexuality, additionally mother’s have on essential role to educate them. This research aimed to determine the relationship between mother’s knowledge on health reproductive and attitude in sexual education for adolescents. This research was conducted on Mey-June 2016. The method used was descriptive method with correlational study. The population was mothers who have adolescents aged 10-19 years. The sample was conducted by simple random sampling about 124 mothers. The prerequisite test showed that the data was normal and homogenous. The first hypothesis test was using linear regression and simple correlation. Regression model obtained wasŶ= 69,821+0,150X it was significant and linear relationship. The coefficient of correlation obtained was 0.174, which meaning that there was a positive-significant correlation between mother’s knowledge on health reproductive and attitude towards sex education. The coefficient of determination obtained was 0.03 which meaning that mother’s knowledge on health reproduction contributed about 3% to the attitude towards sex education.
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Dyble, M., A. Gardner, L. Vinicius, and A. B. Migliano. "Inclusive fitness for in-laws." Biology Letters 14, no. 10 (October 2018): 20180515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0515.
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Cooperation among kin is common across the natural world and can be explained in terms of inclusive fitness theory, which holds that individuals can derive indirect fitness benefits from aiding genetically related individuals. However, human kinship includes not only genetic kin but also kin by marriage: our affines (in-laws) and spouses. Can cooperation between these genetically unrelated kin be reconciled with inclusive fitness theory? Here, we argue that although affinal kin and spouses do not necessarily share genetic ancestry, they may have shared genetic interests in future reproduction and, as such, can derive indirect fitness benefits though cooperating. We use standard inclusive fitness theory to derive a coefficient of shared reproductive interest ( s ) that predicts altruistic investment both in genetic kin and in spouses and affines. Specifically, a behaviour that reduces the fitness of the actor by c and increases the fitness of the recipient by b will be favoured by natural selection when sb > c . We suggest that the coefficient of shared reproductive interest may provide a valuable tool for understanding not only the evolution of human kinship but also cooperation and conflict across the natural world more generally.
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Varghese, Sijo P., D. K. Gulati, N. Unnikrishnan, and A. E. Ayoob. "Biological aspects of silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in the eastern Arabian Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 7 (October 21, 2015): 1437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001575.
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Reproduction, diet and growth of silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in the eastern Arabian Sea are described based on 473 specimens collected from the gillnet-cum-longline landings at the Cochin fisheries harbour during 2012–2014. The reproductive biology of 215 males and 258 females was examined while 113 stomachs were sampled to study the diet. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated using length-based models were asymptotic length (L∞) = 309.80 cm, growth coefficient (K) = 0.10 year−1 and age at zero length (t0) = −2.398 year. The sex ratio was significantly skewed to females. Seasonality in reproduction was not evident and in males, sexual maturity was attained at 201–223 cm total length (LT) with the size at maturity (LT50) occurring at 217.0 cm, whereas in females sexual maturity was attained at 224–231 cm LT and LT50 occurs at 226.5 cm. In total 114 embryos, in the length range of 12.2–65.1 cm were recovered from 15 pregnant females. Numbers of embryos in females were in the range of 3–13, averaging 7.6. Silky sharks of the eastern Arabian Sea feed primarily on swimming crab Charybdis smithii, with juveniles feeding principally on swimming crabs, while adults feed on actively swimming prey like squids and teleost fishes. This preliminary information on the reproduction, diet and growth should be useful to identify management strategies for silky sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea.
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Спицына, Н. Х., and Н. В. Балинова. "СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНТРОПОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ САРАНСКА ПЕРИОДА 90-х." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2021-3/152-160.
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Представлены данные по городу Саранску, полученные в рамках проводимой ИЭА РАН долгосрочной антропогенетической программы исследования процессов воспроизводства в популяциях РФ. Показано, что в семьях городских популяций Поволжья практикуется регулируемый тип рождаемости. Выявлено резкое возрастание вклада небиологических факторов в величину коэффициента отбора. Применение искусственной регуляции репродукции влияет на процессы воспроизводства в популяциях. Репродукция выступает в роли универсального индикатора социального и биологического здоровья общества. The paper presents the data on the city of Saransk, obtained in the course of the long-term anthropogenetic program of research on reproduction processes in the populations of the Russian Federation conducted by the IEA RAS. It is shown that fertility is controlled among the families of urban populations in the Volga region. A sharp increase in the contribution of non-biological factors to the value of the coefficient of selection is revealed. Artificial reproduction regulation affects the reproduction processes in populations. Reproduction acts as a universal indicator of social and biological health of society.
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Спицына, Н. Х., and Н. В. Балинова. "СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНТРОПОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ САРАНСКА ПЕРИОДА 90-х." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2021-3/152-160.
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Представлены данные по городу Саранску, полученные в рамках проводимой ИЭА РАН долгосрочной антропогенетической программы исследования процессов воспроизводства в популяциях РФ. Показано, что в семьях городских популяций Поволжья практикуется регулируемый тип рождаемости. Выявлено резкое возрастание вклада небиологических факторов в величину коэффициента отбора. Применение искусственной регуляции репродукции влияет на процессы воспроизводства в популяциях. Репродукция выступает в роли универсального индикатора социального и биологического здоровья общества. The paper presents the data on the city of Saransk, obtained in the course of the long-term anthropogenetic program of research on reproduction processes in the populations of the Russian Federation conducted by the IEA RAS. It is shown that fertility is controlled among the families of urban populations in the Volga region. A sharp increase in the contribution of non-biological factors to the value of the coefficient of selection is revealed. Artificial reproduction regulation affects the reproduction processes in populations. Reproduction acts as a universal indicator of social and biological health of society.
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Harutyunyan, A. K., S. B. Vygovskiy, and A. G. Khachatryan. "Ways to Improve the Coefficient Reproduction of Quick Reactors with Oxide Fuel and Sodium Coolant." Global Nuclear Safety 14, no. 2 (September 2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2019-03-10.
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Papadopoulos, Timos, and Emilia Vynnycky. "Estimates of the basic reproduction number for rubella using seroprevalence data and indicator-based approaches." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e1008858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008858.
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The basic reproduction number (R0) of an infection determines the impact of its control. For many endemic infections, R0 is often estimated from appropriate country-specific seroprevalence data. Studies sometimes pool estimates from the same region for settings lacking seroprevalence data, but the reliability of this approach is unclear. Plausibly, indicator-based approaches could predict R0 for such settings. We calculated R0 for rubella for 98 settings and correlated its value against 66 demographic, economic, education, housing and health-related indicators. We also trained a random forest regression algorithm using these indicators as the input and R0 as the output. We used the mean-square error to compare the performances of the random forest, simple linear regression and a regional averaging method in predicting R0 using 4-fold cross validation. R0 was <5, 5–10 and >10 for 81, 14 and 3 settings respectively, with no apparent regional differences and in the limited available data, it was usually lower for rural than urban areas. R0 was most correlated with educational attainment, and household indicators for the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients respectively and with poverty-related indicators followed by the crude death rate considering the Maximum Information Coefficient, although the correlation for each was relatively weak (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.4, 95%CI: (0.24,0.48) for educational attainment). A random forest did not perform better in predicting R0 than simple linear regression, depending on the subsets of training indicators and studies, and neither out-performed a regional averaging approach. R0 for rubella is typically low and using indicators to estimate its value is not straightforward. A regional averaging approach may provide as reliable an estimate of R0 for settings lacking seroprevalence data as one based on indicators. The findings may be relevant for other infections and studies estimating the disease burden and the impact of interventions for settings lacking seroprevalence data.
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Ndiaye, Waly, Khady Ndiaye, Alassane Sarr, and Patrick Diédhiou. "Effect of Environmental Parameters on the Reproduction of the White Mullet (Mugil curema, Valenciennes, 1836) in the Saloum Delta (Senegal)." Journal of Biology and Life Science 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v13i1.18914.
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Mugil curema, known as white mullet, was one of the fish species encountered in the fisheries landings of the Saloum Delta. In this study, the morphometric parameters and the reproductive biology of this species were studied as well as the influence of environmental parameters on its reproduction. Experimental fisheries were carried out monthly in the Saloum Delta. The fish were caught using surface drift nets. The captured individuals were measured and weighed. The gonads were collected to determine the sex and the stages of sexual maturity. Out of a total of 406 individuals sampled in the Saloum Delta, 306 females and 100 males were identified, no individuals of undetermined sex were obtained. The sex ratio was globally in favor of females. Individuals in this study ranged in size from 102 to 385 mm and weight from 34.9 to 395 g. The allometric coefficient b was equal to 2.40 and indicated a negative allometry. The exploitation of the monthly IGS results indicated that reproduction was in April, May and June. The size at first sexual maturity indicated that the males matured at a size of 220 mm, lower than that of the females 226 mm.
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Hall, M. J. "How well does your model fit the data?" Journal of Hydroinformatics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2001.0006.
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Despite almost five decades of activity on the computer modelling of input–output relationships, little general agreement has emerged on appropriate indices for the goodness-of-fit of a model to a set of observations of the pertinent variables. The coefficient of efficiency, which is closely allied in form to the coefficient of determination, has been widely adopted in many data mining and modelling exercises. Values of this coefficient close to unity are taken as evidence of good matching between observed and computed flows. However, studies using synthetic data have demonstrated that negative values of the coefficient of efficiency can occur both in the presence of bias in computed outputs, and when the computed volume of flow greatly exceeds the observed volume of flow. In contrast, the coefficient of efficiency lacks discrimination for cases close to perfect reproduction. In the latter case, a coefficient based upon the first differences of the data proves to be more helpful.
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Tian, Jingjing, and Shuping Li. "Dynamics Modeling and Analysis of SIS Epidemic Spreading in Cluster Networks." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5450360.
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In this paper, we propose and study an SIS epidemic model with clustering characteristics based on networks. Using the method of the existence of positive equilibrium point, we obtain the formula of the basic reproduction number R0. Furthermore, by constructing Lyapunov function, we also prove that the disease-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable when R0<1. When R0>1, there is only one positive equilibrium point which is globally asymptotically stable. It is also shown that the infection proportion and the basic reproduction number R0 increases as the clustering coefficient increases when the average degree of networks is fixed.
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Moryakov, A., A. Zinchenko, V. Tsibulskiy, V. Davidenko, and B. Chukbar. "ESTIMATION OF REPRODUCTION FISSION ISOTOPES FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR IN BLANKET THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-2-38-48.
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Calculations for the fusion reactor were carried. The purpose this one is assessment of an opportunity to use blanket of these units for fission isotopes reproduction for fission reactors. This paper contains: - full scale 3D model, where 1/8 space part was used (symmetry), biological shielding and toroidal coil winding were included in model, model size about 5,8 m for every X,Y,Z geometry axis; - results by MCU and LUCKY-A codes of neutron fluxes, reaction rates; - reproduction coefficient for thorium-232 as relation to intensity of neutron source; - analysis of results. MCU and LUCKY-A computer codes use parallel calculation technologies to get solution transport equation.
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Mahoney, Jonathan D., Thao M. Hau, Bryan A. Connolly, and Mark H. Brand. "Sexual and Apomictic Seed Reproduction in Aronia Species with Different Ploidy Levels." HortScience 54, no. 4 (April 2019): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13772-18.
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The genus Aronia Medik., also known as chokeberry, is a group of deciduous shrubs in the Rosaceae family, subtribe Pyrinae. The four commonly accepted species include A. arbutifolia (L.) Pers., red chokeberry; A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, black chokeberry; A. prunifolia (Marshall) Reheder, purple chokeberry; and A. mitschurinii (A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul). Wild and domesticated Aronia species are found as diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Genetic improvement of polyploid Aronia genotypes has been limited by suspected apomixis, which may be widespread or distinct to tetraploids. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the reproductive mechanisms of Aronia species and reveal the occurrence of apomixis within the genus and along ploidy lines. Twenty-nine Aronia accessions [five A. melanocarpa (2×), five A. melanocarpa (4×), eight A. prunifolia (3×), four A. prunifolia (4×), six A. arbutifolia (4×), and one A. mitschurinii (4×)] were used in this study. Intra-accession variability was evaluated by growing out progeny from each open-pollinated maternal accession and comparing plant phenotypes, ploidy levels, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles between the progeny and maternal accession. Progeny of diploid and tetraploid maternal plants had ploidy levels identical to maternal plants, except for UC009 (A. melanocarpa, 2×) which produced a mix of diploids and tetraploids. UC143 and UC149 (A. prunifolia, 3×) produced all triploid offspring, whereas all other triploid accessions produced offspring with variable ploidy levels including 2×, 3×, 4×, and 5×. Pentaploid Aronia has not been previously reported. Diploid accessions produced significant AFLP genetic variation (0.68–0.78 Jaccard’s similarity coefficient) in progeny, which is indicative of sexual reproduction. Seedlings from tetraploid accessions had very little AFLP genetic variation (0.93–0.98 Jaccard’s similarity coefficient) in comparison with their maternal accession. The very limited genetic variation suggests the occurrence of limited diplosporous apomixis with one round of meiotic division in tetraploid progeny. Triploid accessions appear to reproduce sexually or apomictically, or both, depending on the individual. These results support our understanding of Aronia reproductive mechanisms and will help guide future breeding efforts of polyploid Aronia species.
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Ajupov, Ajdar, Diana Kurmanova, Nailya Bagautdinova, and Liliya Kurmanova. "The role of financial infrastructure in the regional reproduction process." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002038.
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The article considers modern conditions of financial support of reproductive processes. Due to the high concentration of financial market infrastructure in the central and "raw" regions of the country and the hypertrophied development of the financial sector, the timely and full implementation of regional programs for social and economic development is complicated, which indicates a high differentiation of regions in terms of financial provision and development of financial infrastructure. Clustering of the aggregate of the regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of selected economic indicators having a significant range of the coefficient of variation has been carried out, and the need for the development of the regional infrastructure of the financial market is substantiated.
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YOUNG, L. G., G. J. KING, J. S. WALTON, I. McMILLAN, and M. KLEVORICK. "AGE, WEIGHT, BACKFAT AND TIME OF MATING EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF GILTS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-059.
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An experiment was conducted involving 429 gilts that were managed to stimulate estrus after 140 d of age, bred at first, second or third observed estrus and to study factors relating to estrus and reproductive performance to weaning of the first litter. The average at first estrus followed by the coefficient of variation (%) in parentheses were: age 167.2 d (11.8); weight 106.8 kg (15.5); backfat 19.1 mm (17.8); backfat/weight 0.18 (16.2) and weight/age 0.64 (11.5). Sixty-two and one-half percent of the gilts exhibiting estrus did so between 140 and 170 d of age. Fifty-eight percent of the gilts exhibited estrus prior to 180 d of age and were less than 110 kg liveweight. There were relatively low correlations between indices of growth rate and fatness with age at first estrus. Reproductive performance was not enhanced by delaying breeding to second or third estrus after puberty. Key words: Pigs, reproduction, sexual maturity, age, weight, backfat
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Shad, A. Ghazi Khani, A. Nejati Javaremi, and H. Mehrabani Yeganeh. "Analysis of inbreeding, effective population size and inbreeding depression in Iranian native fowls (Mazandaran Province)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030520.
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Mating of related individuals produces an inbred progeny, with an inbreeding coefficient that is one-half the additive relationship between its parents. One of the consequences of inbreeding is reduction of the mean phenotypic value or inbreeding depression, particularly for reproductive and fitness characters. Another consequence of inbreeding is reduction in additive genetic variance within lines or increasing homozygosity and higher risk for the incidence of lethal or deleterious recessive alleles. In recent years many studies show that inbreeding reduces reproduction and fitness capacity, for example Inbreeding depression in reproductive and productive traits has been reported by Flock et al (1993), Smith et al (1998), Klemetsdal (1998), Thompson et al (2000a,b) and Nwagu et al (2007).The purpose of this study was to investigation recent trends in inbreeding in Iranian Native Fowls and relationship between increase in inbreeding and decreases in economic traits including body weight, age at first egg, egg production and egg weight.
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Wang, Peng, Jay Arre Toque, and Ari Ide-Ektessabi. "[Paper] Color Reproduction of Glass Dry Plate Scanned by a Linear Sensor Camera Using Filter Coefficient." ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications 9, no. 4 (2021): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/mta.9.287.
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Bondarenko, Alexander S., Alexander S. Borovkov, Ivan M. Malay, and Vadim A. Semyonov. "Method for assessing the reproduction error of a unit of the complex reflection coefficient in waveguides." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 11 (2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-11-55-59.
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Gruszecki, Tomasz M., Monika Greguła-Kania, Roman Niżnikowski, Mirosław Pięta, Krzysztof Kostro, Anna Szymanowska, Anna Miduch, and Ewa Strzelec. "Effect of PRNP Gene Polymorphism on Reproductive Performance of Mother Sheep and their Offspring Growth." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0050-0.
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Abstract The polymorphism of prion protein (PrP) amino acids in codons 136 (A/V), 154 (R/H); and 171 (Q/R/H) was established. Reproductive performance of mother sheep was evaluated analysing the fertility coefficient and litter size, i.e. the number of born and reared lambs. The studies included mothers of synthetic lines BCP - 111 sheep and SCP - 104 sheep born in 2001-2007. In the examined ovine PRNP gene, the following four alleles were identified: ARR, AHQ, ARQ, and VRQ, with the absence of the ARH allele. The highest frequency was determined for the ARR (49.8%) and ARQ (45.8%) alleles. In the studied sheep population, the occurrence of seven different genotypes was reported. It was found that 71.6% of the animals had the genotypes ARR/ARR, ARR/ARQ, and ARR/AHQ, which are regarded as the most resistant to scrapie, while 7.9% of the population had ARR/VRQ-bearing genotypes (low resistance) or ARQ/VRQ ones (high susceptibility to scrapie). The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the PRNP genotype does not affect reproduction efficiency of mothers, or their offspring growth. It was concluded that flock elimination of ewes of genotypes with high and very high susceptibility to scrapie will not reduce the reproduction parameters of ewes or growth of their lambs.
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Sanisahhuri, Sanisahhuri, Buyung Keraman, and Deta Oktariana. "The Relationships between Mass Media Exposure and Family Environment with Health Reproduction Among Girls of XI Class in SMA Negeri 10 Bengkulu." Jurnal Sains Kesehatan 25, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37638/jsk.25.1.75-85.
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One effort to improve the quality of human life can be done through efforts to improve health including reproductive health. This study aimed to study the relationship between mass media exposure and family environment with reproductive health in girls of class XI in SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bengkulu. The type of research was Analytic Survey. The study design was Cross Sectional. The sample of the research was all girls of class XI in SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bengkulu which amounts to 87 girls. Sampling technique used is Total Sampling. Data collection techniques used primary and secondary data. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test. To know the closeness of the relationship was used statistical test Contingency Coefficient (C). The results of the study showed that of 87 girls, 71 girls (81.6%) got information from the family environment, 76 girls (87.4%) were exposed to mass media, 73 girls (83.9%) had health healthy reproduction, there was no significant relationship between mass media exposure and reproductive health of girls, and there was a significant relationship between the family environment with reproductive health of girls with weak relationship categories. It was suggested to the school to be able to conduct counseling and seminar related to reproductive health for young women. Keywords: family environment, mass media, reproductive health
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Ray, Dennis T., Maren Elizabeth Veatch-Blohm, Valerie Hunter Teetor, and Bruce Walsh. "Upper and Lower Heritability Estimates in Guayule Based on Mode of Reproduction." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 2 (March 2007): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.2.213.
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Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) has been difficult to improve through classical plant breeding because of its facultative apomictic reproductive system and long growth period to harvest (2–5 years). Attempts have been made to increase rubber concentration and yield by selecting for traits correlated with rubber production. The objective of this study was to estimate heritability values in guayule that more accurately account for the contributions of apomictic and sexual reproduction occurring among populations, using a modified parent–progeny regression. Heritability was calculated using a modified version of the formula for single parent–progeny regression (h 2 = 2b): that is, h 2 = (2 – p)b, where p = proportion of apomixis and b = regression coefficient. Therefore, heritability was estimated as a range of values between the midparent and single parent regression, which correspond to complete apomixis and complete sexuality, respectively. At 2 years of growth, there was a significant regression between each parent trait and the corresponding progeny trait except rubber and guayulin B concentrations, with heritability estimates ranging from moderate to high for most parameters measured. Because apomixis occurs more frequently than sexual reproduction, most heritability estimates should fall closer to the midparent value, resulting in lower heritability. To increase resin and rubber yield in the progeny, selection should focus on plant height and width because these two traits are highly correlated with resin and rubber yield and have the highest heritability of the traits measured.
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Madaschi, Camila, Daniela Paes Almeida Ferreira Braga, Rita de Cássia Savio Figueira, Assumpto Iaconelli, and Edson Borges. "Effect of Acupuncture on Assisted Reproduction Treatment Outcomes." Acupuncture in Medicine 28, no. 4 (December 2010): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.2009.002022.
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Background Acupuncture has recently been used as a complementary technique in the management of infertility. It has physiological and psychological effects and may be considered an alternative for stress reduction in women undergoing infertility treatments. Objective To examine the hypothesis that acupuncture treatment may increase the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Methods Patients enrolled in the study were stratified according to age and randomised to either a control group (n=208) or acupuncture group, (n=208). The pregnancy, implantation and abortion rates of the two groups were compared. Results No influence of acupuncture treatment on clinical outcomes was seen; however, when cycles in which the causes of infertility were exclusively tubal-uterine or idiopathic were evaluated separately, a positive influence of acupuncture on pregnancy (OR=5.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 34.5; p=0.048) was noted. Moreover, trends toward an increase in implantation were seen when acupuncture was performed (regression coefficient: 0.645; p=0.092). Conclusion The results suggest that acupuncture treatment had no influence when performed immediately before and immediately after embryo transfer, on clinical outcomes overall. In a subgroup analysis, when the embryo was not affected by an ovarian or seminal influence, a benefit was noted.
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Li, Meng, and Yong Zhang. "Convergence Optimization and Verification for Single-Channel Remote Parameter Control of a Nonlinear System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030549.
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In this paper, the theory of RPC (remote parameter control) iteration process of linear situation without and with iteration coefficient as well as nonlinear situation with coefficient is analyzed. The influence of iteration coefficient on iterative convergence control condition is analyzed. Two kinds of optimized control method for iteration coefficient based on the system transfer function estimation are proposed. A lightweight motorcycle and electro-hydraulic servo road vibration test bench are used to verify the feasibility of the optimized control methods for the reproduction of road profiles of SISO (single-input, single-output) system. According to the experiment result, which is the RMS (root mean square) of the NSRE (normalized spectrum of response error) of system, the convergent precision, convergent speed and iteration stability are discussed to present the advantage and disadvantage of the optimized control methods. Compared with three commonly used manual methods, the result shows the rapidity and stability of optimized control methods.
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Brown, D. J., and A. A. Swan. "Genetic importance of fat and eye muscle depth in Merino breeding programs." Animal Production Science 56, no. 4 (2016): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14645.
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Australian Merino breeders have traditionally selected animals for breeding predominately on the basis of wool characteristics. Over recent decades, an increasing proportion of Merino breeders are interested in producing a ewe that can be used for prime-lamb production, but that also performs well for wool characteristics. Correlations between ultrasound carcass traits and other traits such as wool, internal parasite resistance and reproduction traits, are not very well known. The aims of this study were three-fold: (1) to estimate the genetic relationships between ultrasound carcass traits and wool, internal parasite resistance and reproduction traits, (2) to determine the value of recording ultrasound carcass traits in Merino breeding programs, and (3) to evaluate the impact of improving ewe genetic merit for fatness on their reproduction performance. Ultrasound fat and eye muscle depth had small to moderate genetic correlations with most traits, with positive correlations observed for bodyweight, fibre diameter, fibre curvature and reproduction, and negative correlations observed for fleece weight, fibre diameter coefficient of variation, worm egg count and breech wrinkle. As expected on the basis of these genetic correlations, estimated breeding values for fat depth of ewes had a positive association with their observed reproduction performance, but the effect explained only minimal variation in reproductive performance, and was extremely variable among flocks and years. A range of measurement scenarios was investigated for three standard MERINOSELECT indexes. Measuring fat and eye muscle depth resulted in 3%, 4% and 21% additional economic index gain for the fine, medium and dual purpose indexes, respectively, whereas measuring reproduction traits directly resulted in 17%, 27% and 45% additional gain in the economic index. Dual purpose index gains benefited more from measuring ultrasound carcass traits as it is the only index with a direct economic value placed on carcass traits. Measuring fat and eye muscle depth also resulted in a greater reduction in worm egg count. The results indicated that desirable genetic progress can be made in wool, ultrasound carcass, internal parasite resistance and number of lambs born and weaned simultaneously using multiple trait selection to account for the mix of favourable and unfavourable correlations between these traits. These results also demonstrated that the best method to maximise economic gain is to measure as many traits (or closely correlated traits) in the breeding objective as possible.
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Okko, Noura. "Reproduction of Fuchs Relation for the Group $S_4^{SL_2}$ by Using Groebner Bases." Journal of Mathematics Research 10, no. 4 (May 28, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v10n4p49.
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In 1872, Lazarus Fuchs used a new tool which is The Invariant Theory to construct the minimal polynomial of an algebraic solution of a differential equation of second order. He expressed the coefficient of the equation in terms of the (semi-)invariants of its differential Galois group. In this paper we will give another method to obtain Fuchs Relation: for the octahedral groupe $S_4^{SL_2}$ by using Groebner Basis; a tool which is introduced in 1965 nearly two century after Fuchs Relation.
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Huisman, A. E., D. J. Brown, A. J. Ball, and H. U. Graser. "Genetic parameters for bodyweight, wool, and disease resistance and reproduction traits in Merino sheep. 1. Description of traits, model comparison, variance components and their ratios." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 9 (2008): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08119.
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Both wool and sheep meat industries are interested in sheep that have a high reproduction performance and are resistant to internal parasites, in addition to the traditional traits. There is considerable interest in breeding sheep for wool, carcass, reproductive and internal parasite resistance traits simultaneously. The objective of this study was to estimate single trait genetic parameters for 40 traits recorded in Merino sheep, covering bodyweight, carcass, wool, reproduction and internal parasite resistance traits. This also involved determining the appropriate models. The results from this study will be used to review the genetic parameters used in the routine genetic evaluations conducted by Sheep Genetics. The most appropriate models included a maternal genetic effect and covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects for most of the bodyweight traits, greasy and clean fleece weight, fibre diameter and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter. The permanent environment due to the dam was not included for any trait. There was considerable genetic variation in most traits analysed; lowest heritabilities (0.09–0.10) were found for number of lambs born and weaned per lambing opportunity, and highest heritabilities (0.62–0.77) for fibre diameter. The estimated heritabilities and genetic variances, in combination with the estimated correlations, indicate that there is potential to make genetic improvement in most traits currently recorded in Australian Merino sheep.
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COLANTONIO, SONIA E., VICENTE FUSTER, MARÍA DEL CARMEN, and JAVIER G. LASCANO. "ISONYMIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ETHNO-SOCIAL CATEGORIES (ARGENTINIAN COLONIAL PERIOD) INCLUDING ILLEGITIMATE REPRODUCTION." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 3 (March 30, 2005): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005007285.
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Surnames provide a useful method to study the structure of human populations for which biological data are not available. The isonymic method has had multiple applications, but difficulties emerge when dealing with groups where extramarital reproduction is common and the sample size is small, and even more so when only paternal surnames are taken into account. Therefore, it could be of interest to retain female surnames, including those of unmarried mothers. This study was carried out using all birth records from an Argentinian population in the colonial period, which was characterized by the presence of different ethno-social groups (Spanish, Indian and ‘Mestizo’ or mixed Spanish–Indian) and various reproductive patterns regarding legitimacy. Coefficient of relationship by isonymy (Ri) kinship matrices between geographical populations were obtained, and the results derived from sets of surnames (paternal, maternal of legitimate and illegitimate children, and all surnames in the registers) compared. The results show similar surname distribution regardless of the set of surnames and group considered. Kinship Ri matrices using paternal surnames, maternal surnames of legitimate children, maternal surnames of illegitimate children, and the set of whole surnames showed the same relationships among populations, indicating a similar pattern for Spanish, Indian and Mixed ethno-social groups. Mantel test correlation between all pairs of matrices was significant in all different ethno-social groups. The results suggest that in populations with high illegitimacy, such as that studied here, it is possible to include maternal surnames, even corresponding to single mothers, in order to consider total reproduction and therefore maximize sample size.
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Voronyak, T. I., A. B. Kmet, L. I. Muravsky, Z. T. Nazarchuk, and I. V. Stasyshyn. "Algorithm of surface relief retrieval at arbitrary phase shift between interferograms." Information extraction and processing 2020, no. 48 (December 21, 2020): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2020.48.043.
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Improved algorithm for processing of interferograms obtained by a single arbitrary phase shift of the reference beam is proposed to reproduce the surface relief (SR). The advanced algorithm makes it possible to reproduce not only the relief of smooth or nanorough surfaces, but also its separate components, thus macrorelief (waviness) and nanorelief (roughness). Computer modulation of this algorithm was used to analyze the errors of complete SR and its components reproduction. The analysis allowed us to identify two factors that significantly affect the errors of the SR components determining by this algorithm. First, it turned out that the error of SR reproduction as the sum of macro- and nanoreliefs is much smaller than errors of these components reproduction, because the correlation coefficient between the errors fields of these components reproduction is close to 0,9. Therefore, it is better to extract the macrorelief phase map by filtering from the expanded (decyclized) SR phase map than from the collapsed (cyclic) one, which is possible by introducing the second iteration of SR recovery into the algorithm, which significantly reduces the errors. The second factor is related to boundary effects, which are observed during use of Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and spatial filtering to determine the macrorelief phase map and which increase its reproduction error. For this reason, it is proposed to eliminate the influence of boundary effects. The obtained dependences of the relief and its components reproduction errors from the test surfaces roughness for the advanced processing algorithm indicate a significant errors reduction comparing to the corresponding dependences for its previous version. These dependences are the theoretical limit for SR and its components reproduction errors in the case of using the advanced algorithm for interferograms processing.
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Meszaros, S. A., R. G. Banks, J. H. J. van der Werf, and M. Goddard. "The use of genetic algorithms for optimizing age structure in breeding populations when inbreeding depresses genetic gain through effects on reproduction." Animal Science 68, no. 3 (April 1999): 457–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050517.
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AbstractA genetic algorithm (GA) was used to find optimal male and female age distributions in a natural mating system that maximizes cumulative response to mass selection over a 20-year time horizon for the case where inbreeding affects reproduction at 0·0 (F-0) and 0·1 (F-10) per 0·1 inbreeding coefficient. Twenty breeding female population sizes were considered ranging from 25 to 500 breeding females distributed across five age groups. Loss of response due to inbreeding effects on reproduction ranged from 19.4% and 15.5% in small breeding female populations to 2.5% and 5.2% in large breeding female populations when number of males was fixed (FX) or optimized (OP), respectively. OP resulted in an increase in response over FX ranging from 0·0 % to 69.3% for F-0 and 0·0 % to 77.6% for F-10. The potential loss of genetic gain that resulted from ignoring the inbreeding effects upon reproduction when they really existed ranged from 0·1 % to 44.6%. The potential loss of genetic gain that resulted from including inbreeding effects upon reproduction when they did not exist ranged from 0·1% to 3.9%. Optimal male and female age structures depended upon breeding female population size, the number of breeding males and inbreeding effects. Ignoring inbreeding effects upon reproduction may result in over estimation of response to selection. Use of a GA allowed accounting for complex relationships in the optimization.
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Lola, Muhamad Safiih, Nurul Hila Zainuddin, Mohd Noor Afiq Ramlee, Muhamad Na’eim Abdul Rahman, and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah. "Improvement of estimation based on small number of events per variable (EPV) using bootstrap logistics regression model." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.710.
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In this research, a bootstrap approach model is proposed, namely as Bootstrap Logistics Regression Model (BLRM) that is specifically used to solve the small events per variable (EPV) problem. Considering a sample data from study case of endemic dengue at several localities in Kelantan, Malaysia, a simulation study is conducted. We generated 5, 10, 20 and 25 mean samples with 500 times replacement, 1500 times bootstrap for each small EPV value (EPV= 2, 3, 4 and 5) according to the basic reproduction number, R0 for endemic dengue. The performance of the propose BLRM revealed that the frequency distribution of estimated regression coefficient became less peaked and possessed thinner tails; the average percent relative bias consistently decreased and was closed to true parameter; the sample variance (MSE and RMSE) of the estimated regression coefficients of were smaller than original model.
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Singh, Harkaran, Joydip Dhar, and Harbax Singh Bhatti. "Bifurcation in Disease Dynamics with Latent Period of Infection and Media Awareness." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 06 (June 15, 2016): 1650097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416500978.
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In the present study, an SIS epidemic model with a latent period of infection and media awareness as control strategy is proposed. The asymptotic stability of the model is studied for both disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium states with respect to the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. It is observed that the coefficient of media awareness [Formula: see text] does not affect [Formula: see text], but significantly affects the level of endemic equilibrium. Further, the specific conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation have been obtained for the endemic equilibrium state. We also performed the sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number and state variables at endemic steady state with respect to the model parameter and identified the respective sensitive parameters. Numerical simulations have been presented in support of our analytic findings.
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Huisman, A. E., and D. J. Brown. "Genetic parameters for bodyweight, wool, and disease resistance and reproduction traits in Merino sheep. 4. Genetic relationships between and within wool traits." Animal Production Science 49, no. 4 (2009): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08173.
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The aim of this paper was to describe the genetic relationship among expressions at different ages of seven wool traits: greasy and clean fleece weights, fibre diameter, coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, staple length and strength, and mean fibre curvature. Genetic correlations among measurements at different ages for the same trait were moderate to high, and ranged from ~0.6 for both fleece weights to 0.9 and higher for mean fibre diameter and curvature. Generally, low to moderate genetic correlations (0.3–0.4) were estimated between fleece weights and fibre diameter, clean fleece weight and staple length, and fibre diameter and staple strength. Small positive genetic correlations (0.2) were estimated between greasy and clean fleece weight with fibre diameter coefficient of variation, and between fibre diameter and staple length. Mean fibre curvature had a negative genetic correlation (approximately –0.4) with most other wool traits, the exceptions were staple strength (~0.0) and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (approximately –0.1). Fibre diameter, staple length and staple strength had negative genetic correlations with coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (–0.15, –0.10, and –0.61, respectively). The results indicate that for most wool traits only one measurement across ages is required to make accurate selection decisions. The relationships between traits are generally moderate to low suggesting that simultaneous genetic improvement is possible.