Academic literature on the topic 'Coefficient of reproduction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coefficient of reproduction"
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Sawel, Ariny Irma, Agustinus Lomboan, Jantje Paath, and Jouke Manopo. "PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI POTONG YANG DI INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KECAMATAN TOMBATU UTARA DAN KECAMATAN RATAHAN." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.25703.
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REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE BEEF CATTLE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN THE DISTRICT OF NORTH TOMBATU AND SUB DISTRICT OF RATAHAN. The porpose of this study to know appearance of reproduction beef cattle artificial insemination in the northern Tombatu District and the Sub District of Ratahan in the Southeast Minahasa Regency. Research the everage valve standard deviation and coefficient of diversity. Based on research results that service preconception 1.25-1.30, conception rate 70-75%, calving interval 366.4-377.55 and length of pregnancy 279.25-281.1 day. It can be colcluded that the reproductive performance of artificial insemination beef cattle in North Tombatu and Ratahan Districts already quite good. Keywords: Reproduction, beef cattle, artificial insemination
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Chen, Y., Z. Cui, and L. Hao. "Virtual reality in lighting research: Comparing physical and virtual lighting environments." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 820–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153518825387.
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In the study of lighting, as the construction of a physical test room is costly and time-consuming, researchers have been actively looking for alternative media to present physical environments. Virtual reality, photo and video are the most commonly used approaches in the lighting community, and they have all been used by researchers around the world. Most such studies have been conducted without discussing what gives the subjects a better sense of realism, presence, etc., and which type of media is closer to the ideal, the physical lighting environment. In this paper, we aim to select the optimal alternative media that can present physical lighting environments. We compare a human’s subjective feeling towards a physical lighting environment and three alternative reproduction technologies, namely, virtual reality reproduction, video reproduction and photographic reproduction. We also discuss the feasibility of using virtual reality in representing lighting environments. The selection of the most optimal media is based on the perceptual attributes of lighted space, and the findings are only related to these criteria. The main results of this study are the following: (a) The order of the overall presentation-ability of the media is physical space > virtual reality reproductions > video reproductions > photo reproductions. (b) In terms of subjective rating, virtual reality lighting environments are rated closest to the physical lighting environments, and the order of the approximate coefficient of the media is physical space (1) > VR reproductions (0.886) > video reproductions (0.752) > photo reproductions (0.679). (c) Virtual reality can present lighting attributes of open/close, diffuse/glaring, bright/dim and noisy/quiet consistent with the physical environment. (d) Human subjects are most satisfied with VR reproductions.
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Mikhailova, O. G. "On reproductive biology of tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924 (Crustacea, Decapoda) females at southeastern Kamchatka." Izvestiya TINRO 200, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-884-894.
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Fecundity and some other reproductive characteristics of tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi females are studied for the first time in the area at southeastern Kamchatka on the materials collected in spring and summer aboard research vessels (in 2016 and 2019) and fishing boats (in 2020). The females with new eggs prevailed in the catches. The size of functional sexual maturity was determined as 79 mm. The implemented fertility was estimated as 93.4 ± 28.1.103 eggs in 2016 and 115.7 ± 24.5.103 eggs in 2019, on average. Reproductive effort and K/r-coefficient were evaluated; their relatively high values confirmed r-strategy of tanner crab reproduction.
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Zamalieva, Faniya. "REINFECTION OF Y-VIRUS ON SEED POTATO IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-10-13.
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The studies were carried out to identify the relationship between the vector activity of aphids and the intensity of Y-virus reinfection on seed potatoes. The growth rate of viral infection was assessed using the reinfection coefficient, which is the ratio between the rates of infection at the end and beginning of the growing season. The vector activity of aphids was determined for the entire growing season, taking into account the severity coefficients for different aphid species. The critical threshold for the vector activity of aphids was considered to be the abundance level equivalent to 50 specimens of the peach aphid. With the vector activity of aphids at the level of the critical threshold (1 CT), the coefficient of reinfection PVY of Nevskiy variety was at the level of 1. When it increased to 2.6 times the critical threshold, a 3.8… 4.8-fold increase in the coefficient of reinfection occurred. With a further increase in the vector activity of aphids to 4.3 and 10.5 critical threshold, it remained at the same level. The inhibition of the growth of critical threshold is explained by the fact that the Y-virus, as not persistent, remains in the carrier for a short time and therefore is transmitted to the same nearby surrounding plants. The accumulation of viral infection in the early stages of reproduction of the original and original material can occur latently, which is associated with a limited number of samples taken for analysis (200 ... 250 plants or tubers) and, accordingly, a low probability of detecting the degree of infection less than 0.5%. According to the results of calculations during the reproduction of seed with a reinfection coefficient of 4 and reaching the first reproduction with an infestation of 10%, the safe level of infestation of PVY in greenhouse minitubers should not exceed 0.01%, in the first field generation - 0.04%, in the super-super-elite - 0 , 15%, among the super elite - 0.6%, the elite - 2.5%
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Miftahuddin, Hamdan, and H. Hastuti. "The Influence of the Farmers Knowledge Level toward the Ettawa Goat Reproduction Regulation System at Ranojaya, Indonesia." Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v2i2.304.
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This research was conducted from May to June of 2016 in Ranojaya, Indonesia. There was so the purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the farmers’ knowledge level toward the Ettawa goat reproduction regulation system in Ranojaya, Indonesia. In determining the location of the research, the researchers were deliberately placed in Ranojaya, Indonesia. It wasby looking at the stressing of Ranojaya area.It was found thatmost of the community have business of Ettawa goat. The technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique, where the samples are deliberately selected from a population on the basis of the criteria determined by the researcher is the breeder of Ettawa goat who knows about the regulation of the reproductive system, and from the 1,193 population of 15 selected farmers as the sample/respondent. The results showed that (1) There was a significant correlation between knowledge level of farmer with reproduction system arrangement on an Ettawa goat in Ranojaya, Indonesia. (2) The correlation coefficient between variable X1 (number of livestock ownership) to variable Y is 0.75. This means that there is a strong relationship between the factor of the number of livestock owned on the knowledge level of the farmers with the regulation of reproduction system in Ettawa goat cattle. (3) The correlation coefficient between variables X2 (long breeding) to variable Y is 0.64. This means that there is a strong relationship between the old factors of breeding to the level of knowledge of farmers with the regulation of reproduction system on livestock Ettawa goat. (4) The result of program effectiveness calculation and the effectiveness of the increase of respondent knowledge about the reproduction system regulation on Ettawa crossbreed goat got the effective result, namely 72,75%. While the increase of knowledge of respondents got an effective result that is 47.5%, or there is an increase in knowledge of the respondents after having been done illumination was 14.87%
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Żbikowski, Janusz, Daria Mimier, and Elżbieta Żbikowska. "Reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Oligochaeta) in shallow eutrophic lakes." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 47, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0017.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to indicate the abiotic parameters of water and bottom sediments, which significantly affect the reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis in 9 shallow eutrophic lakes, of which 5 were dominated by macrophytes and 4 – by phytoplankton. Samples were collected once a month from January to December 2012. The percentage of Potamothrix hammoniensis individuals with a developed reproductive system varied in individual lakes and ranged from 14 to 72%. There was no correlation between the distinguished lake types and the proportion of sexually mature individuals. The reproductive activity was not observed in summer and early autumn. Among the measured parameters, the highest values of the Pearson correlation coefficient were found between the percentage of individuals with a developed reproductive system and the conductivity (r = 0.69; p < 0.001), pH (r = 0.51; p = 0.002) and the organic matter content in the sediments (r = −0.42; p = 0.012). It is worth noting that there was no correlation between the percentage of sexually mature specimens and the water temperature (r = −0.22, p = 0.204) and the oxygen concentration (r = −0.08; p = 0.648).
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Guay, Michel, and Alan W. Salmoni. "Weber's Law for the Reproduction of Temporal Information." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 1 (August 1988): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.219.
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The main purpose of this research was to determine the numeric values of Weber's fraction when subjects were required to estimate temporal durations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 sec. under the method of reproduction. The results provided evidence in support of a constant coefficient of proximity for time estimation of approximately 14.5%.
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Reflinaldon, Reflinaldon, Damayanti Buchori, and Dwinardi Aprianto. "KERAGAMAN GENETIK, KEBUGARAN DAN INKOMPATIBILITAS REPRODUKSI Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), PARASITOID LARVA Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1111-10.
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Several experiments have been conducted to study genetic variation, fitness and reproductive incompatibility of H. varicornis from different geographic populations. Genetic variation from Pandai Sikek (PS), Alahan Panjang (AP) and Kayu Aro (KA) was analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique and the similarity of genetics measured using NTSys program. The fitness of female wasps such as longevity, fecundity and preoviposition was observed and then compared among those populations. Incompatibility in reproduction was determined by accounting of reproductive compatibility (RC) index in crossing of intra and interpopulation both of PS and AP. The results showed high genetic variation of H. varicornis among population from Alahan Panjang, Pandai Sikek and Kayu Aro with similarity coefficient of 30 to 70%. The best fitness showed the female wasps from Kayu Aro that was significantly different (P= 0.00) in longevity (24.60 ± 6.4 days), fecundity (63.6 ± 28.6 eggs) and parasitization (53.60%) but not significantly different (P=0.07) in number of the first day eggs (1.1 ± 1.4 eggs). Crossing of AP and PS indicated incompatibility in reproduction among the population.
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Dmitrieva, Yu N. "Factors and influence of modern challenges on demographic situation in Siberian regions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 885, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/885/1/012029.
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Abstract The article determines basic factors that influence on demographic processes in Siberia. It is underlined that fall of relative reproduction indices reflects natural transition of population groups born in 1990s to reproductive age. We analysed indices of birthrate, death rate and natural population growth among Siberian regions. It is distinguished that natural population growth is typical for districts with traditionally high relative birthrate indices and for those with high salary level. The author underlines that value of average total birthrate coefficient is not enough for simple reproduction of population in the region. In the article we have presented the reasons of migration outflow from Siberian subjects to the west of the country. It is emphasized that modern social tendencies in the society are challenges for demographic situation in Siberia: high indices of divorces, late giving birth to the first child, orientation for having one child in a family.
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KAREV, GEORGY P. "DYNAMICS OF INHOMOGENEOUS POPULATIONS AND GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY MODELS." Journal of Biological Systems 13, no. 01 (March 2005): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339005001410.
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The dynamic theory of inhomogeneous populations developed during the last decade predicts several essential new dynamic regimes applicable even to the well-known, simple population models. We show that, in an inhomogeneous population with a distributed reproduction coefficient, the entire initial distribution of the coefficient should be used to investigate real population dynamics. In the general case, neither the average rate of growth nor the variance or any finite number of moments of the initial distribution is sufficient to predict the overall population growth. We developed methods for solving the heterogeneous models and explored the dynamics of the total population size together with the reproduction coefficient distribution. We show that, typically, there exists a phase of "hyper-exponential" growth that precedes the well-known exponential phase of population growth in a free regime. The developed formalism is applied to models of global demography and the problem of "population explosion" predicted by the known hyperbolic formula of world population growth. We prove here that the hyperbolic formula presents an exact solution to the Malthus model with an exponentially distributed reproduction coefficient and that "population explosion" is a corollary of certain implicit unrealistic assumptions. Alternative models of world population growth are derived; they show a notable phenomenon, a transition from protracted hyperbolical growth (the phase of "hyper-exponential" development) to the brief transitional phase of exponential growth and, subsequently, to stabilization. The model solutions are consistent with real data and produce relatively accurate forecasts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coefficient of reproduction"
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Nadeau, Raphaël. "Système électrodynamique à coefficient de performance supérieur à 1, l'échec de la tentative de reproduction." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1501.
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Ce projet consiste en la compréhension et la reproduction de systèmes électrodynamiques, ou plus spécifiquement électromagnétiques, pouvant potentiellement offrir un coefficient de performance supérieur à 1. Le système plus spécifiquement étudié ici est le MEG (Motionless Electromagnetic Generator).Ce dernier est étudié et analysé en détail dans le but de comprendre et d'expliquer son fonctionnement. Cette analyse consiste principalement en l'identification et l'explication des principaux phénomènes, théories et effets impliqués dans le fonctionnement du MEG. Celle-ci comprend également une analyse d'un prototype construit selon les spécifications de l'inventeur original. Une caractérisation des modèles théoriques et d'un modèle physique ont été faite afin de pousser l'analyse et de pouvoir comparer les résultats attendus, basé sur les théories électrodynamiques traditionnelles, et les résultats réels. Tel que présenté dans le titre, la reproduction du MEG n'a pas donnée les résultats prévus par les concepteurs. Plusieurs explications sont proposées afin d'expliquer pourquoi il en est ainsi.
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Robin, Olivier. "Reproduction de champs de pression acoustique aléatoires sur des surfaces planes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6140.
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Ce travail doctoral porte sur la synthèse expérimentale de champs de pression acoustique aléatoires sur des surfaces planes. L'objectif principal de cette reproduction est de pouvoir tester le comportement vibroacoustique de panneaux plans sous l'action de deux champs de pression aléatoires : le champ acoustique diffus et la couche limite turbulente. Une étude théorique et numérique est tout d'abord présentée, qui aborde la formulation de ce problème de reproduction sur la base de la théorie de l'holographie acoustique plane de champ proche, et qui permet de vérifier que celle-ci permet une résolution de ce problème. L'influence de nombreux paramètres est également étudiée et des points critiques dans la mise en oeuvre expérimentale de l'approche sont identifiés, parmi eux la densité élevée de sources nécessaire pour la reproduction d'une couche limite turbulente. Une première mise en oeuvre expérimentale est détaillée. Trois approches, celle basée sur l'holographie, une seconde sur la synthèse de champs sonores (ou Wave Field Synthesis ) ainsi qu'une troisième basée sur les moindres carrés sont utilisées pour le calcul des amplitudes complexes des sources de reproduction. Le concept d'antenne synthétique, pour lequel un petit élément d'un réseau est déplacé pour créer un réseau de grandes dimensions en post-traitement, sera utilisé pour résoudre une majorité des points critiques dans la mise en oeuvre. Des indicateurs vibroacoustiques fréquentiels tels que le Transmission Loss (TL) sont obtenus pour un panneau d'aluminium simplement supporté, et la comparaison avec des résultats de calculs numériques montrent que ces approches permettent l'estimation de ce TL sous les deux champs aléatoires d'intérêt. La possibilité d'estimer le TL dans le domaine des nombres d'onde est également illustrée. Une seconde mise en oeuvre expérimentale est réalisée sous la forme d'une comparaison entre la méthode décrite ci-dessus et la méthode des chambres couplées, couramment utilisée pour l'estimation du TL. Pour un panneau composite aéronautique représentatif et pour un champ acoustique diffus, les écarts entre les résultats obtenus par les deux méthodes sont jugés acceptables, et permettent une seconde validation. Parallèlement, une autre application a concerné la reproduction d'un champ acoustique diffus sur la surface d'un matériau poreux, afin d'en estimer le coefficient d'absorption sous ce champ excitateur. L'approche théorique de cette estimation est décrite et validée expérimentalement sur une mousse de mélamine, prouvant qu'elle est réalisable sous des champs acoustiques synthétisés et montrant un potentiel pour des mesures in situ. Suite à la conclusion de ce mémoire qui rappelle les résultats importants obtenus dans le cadre de ce travail doctoral, une possibilité de mesure des fluctuations de pression pariétale liées à la couche limite turbulente est finalement présentée en annexe.
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Soares, Cíntia Dalila. "Évolution dans des populations structurées en classes." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22666.
Full textBooks on the topic "Coefficient of reproduction"
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Birch, Jonathan. Cultural Relatedness and Human Social Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0008.
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Humans often set aside their own self-interest to help others and punish free riders, even when interacting with strangers. To explain the origin of these ‘broad-scope prosocial preferences’, we should consider the processes of cultural evolution that might have acted in early human populations. Two types of cultural selection can be distinguished: CS1, in which cultural differences between individuals cause differences in their reproductive success; and CS2, in which cultural differences between individuals cause differences in their ‘cultural fitness’. This chapter proposes, speculatively, that human social evolution involved a gradual decoupling of cultural fitness from reproductive success. A cultural version of Hamilton’s rule, in which the coefficient of genetic relatedness is replaced by a coefficient of cultural relatedness, provides a helpful organizing framework for thinking about the evolution of social behaviour by CS1, and leads to a ‘cultural relatedness hypothesis’ regarding the origins of human prosociality.
Book chapters on the topic "Coefficient of reproduction"
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Andersen, Ken H. "Trait-Based Approach to Fish Ecology." In Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation, 150–60. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691192956.003.0009.
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This chapter proposes a shortlist of fish “master” traits and connects these traits to classic life-history strategy thinking. First, it sets the historical background for the current state-of-the-art thinking about fish life history strategies. From there, the chapter explains that the main axes of variation between fish species can be captured by three traits: the asymptotic size; the growth rate coefficient; and the adult–offspring mass ratio strategy. Together, these three traits determine the central demographic parameters: somatic growth rate, investment in reproduction, age at maturation, survival to maturation, mortality, and so on, and from there follows population-level quantities like population growth rate, population structure, fitness, and selection responses. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the trait-based approach and compares it to other methods of assessment.
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S, Sheela, Subashini V, M. Sumathi, Roopsree G, Soundhar B, and Ramya R. "Analysis of Various Techniques for Ovarian Cyst Segmentation." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200209.
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In the female reproductive system, ovary plays a major role. The diseases caused by ovaries are ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, menstrual cycle disorder and polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). PCOS in women mainly causes infertility. The method of analyzing a polycystic ovarian image varies with every individual patient and a great deal for the image analyst to segment the cyst. This paper reviews several segmentation algorithms like Level set algorithm, K-means clustering and Adaptive thresholding segments the ovarian cyst from the ultrasound images exactly. The four parameters such as accuracy, jaccard coefficient, precision, and sensitivity are used for the evaluation of segmentation processes.
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"Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks." In Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks, edited by Joel S. Rice, Vincent F. Gallucci, and Gordon H. Kruse. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874073.ch15.
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Abstract.—Effective management of dogfish fisheries requires knowledge of both their life history and population dynamics. Age data contribute to this knowledge and provide critical information for the estimation of stock–recruitment relationships, life-history parameters (e.g., mortality and growth rates), and lifetime reproductive potential. The estimation of age based on the second dorsal spine is subject to a variety of errors, including reader bias in the interpretation of which marks constitute annuli and how the structure is prepared. We estimated the precision of spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>ages by comparing age estimates made by four independent laboratories on a reference collection of 100 spines from spiny dogfish from Washington State waters. Personnel at each laboratory had been trained in the same manner and followed the same aging methodology. Age estimates were compared among laboratories and against the calculated median age estimation. Systematic differences in estimates of dogfish age among laboratories were found by graphical and statistical analysis. A coefficient of variation of 19% represents the overall precision of age readings for spiny dogfish based on this study. This level of precision was associated with statistically different laboratory-specific growth curves; however, this relative bias did not always result in a statistical difference between parameters derived from age–length relationships. Based on our results, an inter-laboratory study should be conducted to compare and resolve aging criteria before future, large-scale aging or population studies of dogfish are carried out.
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Karlova, Lina, Olena Lesnovska, and Roman Mylostyvyi. "INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY ON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-3-9.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of the type of the nervous system on the productive and reproductive qualities of animals. The type of nervous system (strong, weak) of cows of the Ukrainian red dairy breed was determined by the index of the nervous system, which is based on the variability of the fat content in the morning milk yield after changing the conditions of cows keeping. Under the new conditions of keeping cows with a strong type of nervous activity, the coefficients of variability of the morning milk yield and the fat content in milk practically remained at the same level (their slight increase was noted at the level of 4.5 and 3.1%). In cows of a weak type under similar conditions of keeping, a significant increase in the variability of milk yield (by 53.6%) and fat content in milk (by 266.7%) was found. In animals of both types, in the first days of summer-camp keeping, in comparison with winter-stall keeping, there was an increase in milk yield and a decrease in fat content in milk. In cows of the strong type, the fat content decreased by 0.08% and of the weak type by 0.12%. The average index of the nervous system type in animals of the strong type is 1.18, and in cows of the weak type 2.71 (P> 0.999). Before and during milking, the pulse rate in the cows of weak type was higher by 8.0 and 10.8 beats / min. (P> 0.999), compared with the strong type. The animals of strong type of the nervous system, in comparison with the weak type, had a smaller thickness of the concha and skin, a higher pulse and respiratory rate, and a lower rectal body temperature. In cows of a strong type of the nervous system in postnatal ontogenesis, the formation of productive traits took place more rapidly and they better adapted to the conditions of the external environment. This is evidenced by their high coefficient of relative decline in the growth at the age of one (85.0) than in animals with a weak type of nervous system (78.5). The advantage of cows with a strong type of nervous activity over a weak one in milk yield was 348 kg (P>0.95) and in milk fat 8.0 kg. The service period in animals with a strong type of nervous activity was 6.3 days shorter. The animals with a strong type of nervous activity during the first lactation had a higher adaptation index compared with animals of a weak type. The difference for this indicator is 0.49 (or 3.7%). They also had a higher productivity index for the first (3.1%) and second (4.0%) lactation. Thus, the typological features of the nervous activity of cows affect the formation of the most important functions of the body, which can be used in breeding work to improve the herd.
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"The Development of Form and Function in Fishes and the Question of Larval Adaptation." In The Development of Form and Function in Fishes and the Question of Larval Adaptation, edited by Jan W. M. Osse and Jos G. M. Van den Boogaart. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569582.ch8.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper examines how allometric analysis can be used as a tool to explain morphological changes that take place during fish larval development. First, constraints to survival, growth, and continued differentiation are identified. Then, processes of growth are predicted to meet and overcome these constraints, which are mutually interrelated. The final step is to test the predictions by looking at growth of the entire animal and at separate elements belonging to particular functional systems. The reproductive strategy of producing numerous, but very small eggs, adopted by many teleosts, has major implications. In particular, the lack of reserves, the need to utilize external food early in life, and the extreme susceptibility of newly hatched larvae to predation put them under strong selective pressure to grow rapidly. Small size also means that viscous forces are much more important than they are at bigger size later in life. When energy is limited, larvae should direct available resources towards primary needs yielding the greatest return in terms of enhancing the larva’s ability to find, capture, and assimilate additional food and to avoid being eaten. We speculate that constructions for feeding, swimming, and ventilation are particularly important and should therefore grow early and at a higher rate than the body as a whole. Allometric data of a wide variety of species and taken from several functional complexes are presented to support this contention. Length dependent changing growth coefficients of head, trunk, and tail indeed show the predicted priorities in different major groups of fish. High positive allometric growth of structures involved in feeding make early larvae specialized zooplanktivorous predators.
Conference papers on the topic "Coefficient of reproduction"
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Jelev, Natalia, Nina Zdioruk, Alexandru Dascaliuc, Iaroslav Parii, and Iulia Parii. "Epigenetic in heritance and selection of heat and frost resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.40.
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The primary resistance and plasticity of the response to shock with negative temperatures (SNT) or heat shock (HS) of different winter wheat genotypes grown in Ukraine and then reproduced in Moldo-va are determined. The values of the mentioned parameters specifically varied depended on the genotype specificity and conditions of seeds reproduction. Thus, data support the hypothesis about the specificity of trans-generational inheritance of wheat genotypes adaptations to extreme temperatures. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the resistance SNT value to HS and inversed value (HS/SNT) ratio may indicate the epigenetically inherited effects.
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Moita, Ana Sofia, Emanuele Teodori, Pedro Pontes, António Luís Nobre Moreira, Anastasios Georgoulas, and Marco Marengo. "Experimental and numerical study on sensible heat transfer at droplet/wall interactions." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5024.
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The present study addresses a detailed experimental and numerical investigation on the impact of water dropletson smooth heated surfaces. High-speed infrared thermography is combined with high-speed imaging to couple the heat transfer and fluid dynamic processes occurring at droplet impact. Droplet spreading (e.g. spreading ratio) and detailed surface temperature fields are then evaluated in time and compared with the numerically predicted results. The numerical reproduction of the phenomena was conducted using an enhanced version of a VOF- based solver of OpenFOAM previously developed, which was further modified to account for conjugate heat transfer between the solid and fluid domains, focusing only on the sensible heat removed during droplet spreading. An excellent agreement is observed between the temporal evolution of the experimentally measured and the numerically predicted spreading factors (differences between the experimental and numerical values were always lower than 3.4%). The numerical and experimental dimensionless surface temperature profiles along the droplet radius were also in good agreement, depicting a maximum difference of 0.19. Deeper analysis coupling fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes was also performed, evidencing a strong correlation between maximum and minimum temperature values and heat transfer coefficients with the vorticity fields in the lamella, which lead to particular mixing processes in the boundary layer region. The correlation between the resulted temperature fields and the droplet dynamics was obtained by assuming a relation between the vorticity and the local heat transfer coefficient, in the first fluid cell i.e. near the liquid-solid interface. The two measured fields revealed that local maxima and minima in the vorticity corresponded to spatially shifted local minima and maxima in the heat transfer coefficient, at all stages of the droplet spreading. This was particularly clear in the rim region,which therefore should be considered in future droplet spreading models.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5024
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Lugovtsova, S. Yu, and V. Yu Stupko. "Taste assessment potato cultivars of collection of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture." In All-Russian Scientific Conference "Russian Science, Innovation, Education - 2022". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/rosnio.2022.3.24-28.
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The optimization of the protocols of micropropagation including micro- and minitubes development processes is carried out as a part of the program to increase the effectiveness of health-improved potato seed material production. The collection of Krasnoyarsk RIA consists of potato cultivars being most popular in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. A large amount of work to increase the reproduction index does not allow them to be carried out involving all the stocked genotypes. To select the most commercially promising varieties, a tasting of potato tubers was carried out. Both classical statistic methods and those recommended by experts as more representative, according to recent data, for processing the results of expert evaluations of products were used in the present study. Kendall's coefficient of concordance showed middle consistency of expert evaluations (W = 0,31, p<0,01). Based on Cronbach's alpha criterion the panelist making the largest contribution to the evaluation unbalance were detected. That criterion also made it possible to point out the cultivars differed from others by unbalance in taste estimation of them: Meteor, Gala, Tuleevskiy, Aramis. According to the sum of Friedman's ranks, five cultivars with the best taste qualities, combined with great demand among agricultural producers, were selected: Kolomba, Tuleevskiy, Rozara, Tanay, Gala.
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Thanh, Vo Nhu, and Hideyuki Sawada. "Autonomous vowels sequence reproduction of a talking robot using PARCOR coefficients." In 2016 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communications (ICEIC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elinfocom.2016.7563013.
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Ueno, Natsuki, Shoichi Koyama, and Hiroshi Saruwatari. "Sound Field Reproduction with Exterior Cancellation Using Analytical Weighting of Harmonic Coefficients." In ICASSP 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2018.8462084.
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Kolesnikov, Andrey Vitalievich. "Nonlinear sociodynamics of competitive sociotypes of molecular and cosmic human." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-19.
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As one of the most important factors determining the nature of the dynamic behavior of a social system, the article considers the competitive relationship of two alternative sociotypes, conventionally designated as molecular human and cosmic human. The molecular sociotype is understood as the personality of the average consumer, whose behavioral determinants are largely determined by the selfish gene. The cosmic human is a person who has realized the dependence on the selfish gene. Representatives of the cosmic sociotype consider the products of their own mind, their contribution to culture, as a more significant function than gene replication. This explains the different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by molecular human and cosmic human. Three possible scenarios for the evolution of a social system have been identified for different values of the coefficients of reproduction of the total resource of the system by both sociotypes with a constant share of the population. In this case, the aggregate resource is understood as the entire intellectual, cultural and economic product produced by the social system during a certain conditional cycle of reproduction. The dynamics of a social system with a variable value of the share of a productive comic sociotype is considered in the work on the basis of a nonlinear two-dimensional model. The mathematical model demonstrates complex nonlinear quasicyclic behavior.
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Cheli, F., F. Fiocco, S. Giappino, and G. Tomasini. "Effects of Embankment Scenario on the Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Railway Vehicle Through Wind Tunnel Tests." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74050.
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Embankment is a typical layout for rail infrastructures and train aerodynamic coefficients in this scenario are necessary for the analysis of cross wind effects. Nevertheless wind tunnel tests on scale models with the embankment scenario presents difficulties in the reproduction of the boundary conditions, that is the simulation of a “pseudo-infinite” full scale embankment. To investigate this topic we have performed wind tunnel tests on an ETR500 1:45 scale model using a finite length embankment, with and without an upwind nose and a “pseudo-infinite” embankment, reproduced by the extension wall-to-wall of the scenario. The paper presents the tests results in terms of aerodynamic force coefficients and surface pressures. Guidelines for wind tunnel tests on embankment are than discussed.
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Tanaka, Yudai, and Tetsuaki Takeda. "Development of Prevention Method for Air Ingress During a Pipe Rupture Accident of the VHTR: Effectiveness on Localized Natural Convection." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66602.
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A primary pipe rupture accident is one of the design-basis accidents of a Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR). When a primary pipe rupture accident occurs, air is expected to enter into the reactor pressure vessel from the breach and oxidize in-core graphite structures. Therefore, it is important to understand the mixing processes of different kinds of gases in the stable and unstable stratified fluid layers. In particular, it is also important to examine the influence of localized natural convection and molecular diffusion on the mixing process from a safety viewpoint. Therefore, in order to predict or analyze the air ingress phenomena during a pipe rupture accident, it is important to develop a method for the prevention of air ingress during an accident. We carried out experiments to obtain the mixing process of two-component gases and flow characteristics of localized natural convection. This study also investigated a control method for the natural circulation of air through the injection of helium gas. An experiment has been carried out to investigate a control method of natural circulation of air by injection of helium gas. The experimental apparatus consists of a reverse U-sharped vertical slot and a storage tank. One side-slot consists of the heated and cooled walls. The other side-slot consists of the two cooled walls. The dimensions of the vertical slots are 598 mm in height, 208 mm in depth, and 70 mm in width. Each two vertical slots were connected and were a reverse U-shaped passage. The dimensions of the connecting passage were 16 mm in height, 106 mm in depth, and 210 mm in length. The storage tank was connected to the lower part of the reverse U-shaped passage. The dimensions of the storage tank were 398 mm in length, 398 mm in depth, and 548 mm in width. The reverse U-shaped passage and the storage tank were separated by a partition plate. The wall and gas temperature were measured by a K-type thermocouple. Experimental results regarding mixing process of two component gases in vertical fluid layer were as follows. The heavy gas was transported to the slot by the molecular diffusion and natural convection. As time elapses, natural circulation of heavy gas suddenly occurs through the reverse U-shaped slot. As a result of experiments, the onset time of natural circulation is affected by not only molecular diffusion coefficient but also the strength of natural convection. When the helium gas is injected into the channel, it is possible to control the natural circulation of air. The onset time of the reproduction of the natural circulation can be varied by changing the injection rate of the helium gas.
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Cortès, Sven, Christian Dettmann, Philipp Boche, Niclas Schneider, and Alexander Heubuch. "Impact of control types of a chassis dynamometer on the reproduction of real world driving scenarios." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-epv-079.
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The introduction of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) and Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test requirements for the certification of passenger cars requires mobile emission measurements during real driving cycles in addition to the common emission tests on chassis dynamometer. Due to the randomness of traffic and environmental conditions, it is not possible to repeat a real driving cycle with the same results to investigate issues, for example, the application of engine and transmission control units. This represents a big challenge for the manufacturers research and development departments. It is necessary to know the relevant influences from the real operation of the vehicle in order to reproduce real driving cycles on a test bench. The selection of a adequate validation environment is based on defined target values with which the requirements for accuracy and reproducibility of the test bench can be evaluated. In the classic load simulation of real driving on a chassis dynamometer, the driving resistance coefficients are determined in coastdown tests and then adjusted on the chassis dynamometer. Subsequently, the mapping of the height profile is necessary for the consideration of the track topology. The determination of the elevation profile via barometric altitude pressure or GPS measurement technology respectively map material is very complex in the necessary accuracy. An alternative to this procedure is described by the control modes v-alpha, n-alpha, F-v and F-n. For example, the roll in v-alpha control mode is controlled to a defined vehicle speed, independent of the currently applied traction force. At the same time, the angle of the accelerator pedal alpha of the test object is adjusted to the same speed. Since both control systems follow time-based setpoint values and no driving resistance simulation is running in parallel, the v-alpha control mode does not depend on the knowledge of the driving resistance coefficients. The same applies to the above mentioned control modes. These control modes are particularly suitable for the improvement of data states in which the driving performance remains unaffected, for example for the application of emission behaviour. This paper deals on the necessary extensions for chassis dynamometers as a selected validation environment to be able to use these rule types and classifies them in the IPEK XiL framework. The necessary measured variables for the comparison of the control modes with each other and with the classic load simulation are recorded in a specially constructed test vehicle both in real driving and in test bench operation mode. The results of speed, load and tractive force progression, as well as the energy flow within the vehicle, are then examined with regard to equality, accuracy and reproducibility.
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Stansberg, Carl Trygve. "Slow-Drift Pitch Motions and Air-Gap Observed From Model Testing With Moored Semisubmersibles." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29536.
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Low-frequency pitch motions of a moored semisubmersible in irregular sea states are analyzed. Physical mechanisms and significance to air-gap problems are addressed. Excitation from wave drift and from moorings/risers is primarily considered, Effects from current and wind are also addressed. Related challenges in deepwater model testing of semis with truncated moorings are discussed. Motion and air-gap data from two previously performed model tests are analysed. Catenary moorings in 335m water depth and in 1100m water depth, respectively, are considered. Model scales are 1:55 and 1:150, respectively. Observed slow-drift pitch components are of the same magnitude level as the wave-frequency components. Comparisons to coupled numerical analysis models are made. Wave drift moment coefficients calibrated empirically according to experiments were used, since the original coefficients gave too low results. The final comparisons show good agreement for the 1:55 case. For the 1:150 case, fairly good agreement is found, but some deviations are observed and believed to be due to poorer wave repeatablity. Tests with truncated moorings at half of the two actual depths were also included, for a check of methods for deepwater model tests performed at reduced depths and combine with numerical analysis (hybrid verification). The importance of proper experimental reproduction at reduced depths, of full-depth pitch and air-gap, is addressed. The results show that with the actual truncation designs, reasonable agreements are obtained, but use of the scale 1:150 seems to give too large uncertainties due to the poorer wave repeatability.