Academic literature on the topic 'Codice 1D'

Background The success of allogenic stem cell transplantation in curing AML suggests that the immune system can be harnessed to eradicate AML. In a phase 2 trial (NCT02397720) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML patients, we demonstrated that the azacitidine/nivolumab combination improved response rates and median overall survival compared with similar patients treated on other azacitidine-based studies (Daver et al Cancer Discovery 2019). The heterogenous response profiles and shorter duration of responses than seen in solid tumor patients suggested hitherto undefined tumor intrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) and T cell factors may impede PD-1 blockade therapy in AML. Methods We performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 13,633 healthy bone marrow (BM) donor, and 113,394 BM cells from 22 aspirates (8 pre- and 14 post- treatment) from 8 R/R AML patients (median age 73 years; range 64-88 years) treated with azacitidine/nivolumab (Fig 1A). 3/8 patients were responders (2CR, 1 PR), while 2/8 and 3/8 had stable disease (SD), and no response (NR), respectively, allowing us to evaluate factors involved in response, relapse and resistance to azacitidine/nivolumab. Results A total of 60,753 AML and 52,641 TME cells passed scRNAseq quality check, with the proportion of identified AML cells correlating with clinical flow cytometry (r=0.87, p=1.5x10-7) and immunohistochemistry (r=0.73, p=0.0001). Pre- and post-treatment AML cells clustered by patient and had distinct cell cycle profiles regardless of response type, suggesting significant inter-tumor heterogeneity (Fig 1B). In an aggregate analysis of all cells at the pretreatment timepoint, the 3 responders had lower leukemia stemness (LSC17) scores compared with NR (p<2.2x10-16) and SD (p<10-6) patients. Inferred copy number loss of chromosome 7/7q by scRNAseq was consistent with clinical karyotype and was associated with resistance to PD-1 based therapy (Figure 1C). PT3 (CR) had an emergent chromosome 7q deletion after 6 months on treatment, which preceded the clinical relapse. To further explore whether deletion 7/7q was associated with resistance to PD1-blocakde-based therapy, we evaluated 57 R/R AML patients treated on azacitidine/nivolumab with available pretreatment cytogenetic profiling. Only 10.5% (2/19) patients with deletion 7/7q achieved a CR/CRI to azacitidine/nivolumab compared with 36.8% (14/38) of patients without the deletion (p=0.03) (Fig 1D). To decouple azacitidine from nivolumab effect, we evaluated an independent cohort of R/R AML (n=99) treated on azacitidine-based studies without immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and found no such correlation, suggesting that deletion 7/7q induced resistance may be primarily in PD-1 blockade therapy setting (Fig 1E). IFNgpathway genes were enriched (q<0.0005) in chromosome 7q region indicating that IFNg pathway loss may modulate resistance to ICB based therapies in AML. Pathway enrichment revealed AML cells with higher oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species and glycolytic/metabolic pathways were more likely to be resistant to PD-1 blockade-based therapy (Fig 1F). On paired single cell TCR analysis from 4,742 and 26,095 T cells from healthy and R/R AML BMs, respectively, T cells in the TME of AML patients had less clonal diversity and more oligoclonal dominance compared to healthy BMs (Fig 1G-H). Following treatment 76.9% and 72.4% of novel and expanded clones were contributed by responders, with non-responders contributing only 5% and 3.4% of the novel and expanded clones, respectively (Fig. 1I). Among responders, the majority of clones were either novel or expanded, whereas NR had mostly contracted clones. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies examining the effect of PD-1 blockade at single cell resolution in a hematologic malignancy. Further, this is the largest single study analyzing single AML cells longitudinally. AML cells harboring deletion 7/7q loss, enriched for LSC signature and metabolic/oxidative pathways, were features associated with resistance to azacitidine/nivolumab therapy. Azacitidine/nivolumab induced novel and expanded T cell clonotypes primarily in responders. Disentangling AML cells from their complex microenvironment revealed characteristics that shaped resistance to ICB-based therapy and could inform strategies to target AML vulnerabilities. Disclosures DiNardo: Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Syros: Honoraria; MedImmune: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; ImmuneOnc: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Notable Labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kadia:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Cellenkos: Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; JAZZ: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pulmotec: Research Funding. Ravandi:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Orsenix: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Macrogenics: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Xencor: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Borthakur:Xbiotech USA: Research Funding; BioLine Rx: Research Funding; PTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; BioLine Rx: Consultancy; Incyte: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Jannsen: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Cyclacel: Research Funding; Argenx: Consultancy; FTC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Treadwell Therapeutics: Consultancy; PTC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Polaris: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Oncoceutics: Research Funding; Nkarta Therapeutics: Consultancy; BioTherix: Consultancy; GSK: Research Funding; Curio Science LLC: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Research Funding. Konopleva:Ascentage: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Rafael Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ablynx: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; F. Hoffmann La-Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Reata Pharmaceutical Inc.;: Patents & Royalties: patents and royalties with patent US 7,795,305 B2 on CDDO-compounds and combination therapies, licensed to Reata Pharmaceutical; Kisoji: Consultancy; Cellectis: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding. Garcia-Manero:Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Acceleron Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Helsinn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding. Green:KDAc Therapeutics: Current equity holder in private company. Sharma:Achelois: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Apricity Health: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioAlta: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Codiak BioSciences: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Constellation: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dragonfly Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven Inc.: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hummingbird: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImaginAb: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jounce Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Lava Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lytix Biopharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Marker Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncolytics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Infinity Pharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioNTech: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Glympse: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Polaris: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Allison:Achelois: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Apricity Health: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioAlta: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Codiak BioSciences: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dragonfly Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven Inc.: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hummingbird: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; ImaginAB: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jounce Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; Lava Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lytix Biopharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Marker Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Polaris: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioNTech: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Daver:Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Trillium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Syndax: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; KITE: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Servier: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novimmune: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Trovagene: Research Funding; ImmunoGen: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

The focus of this thesis work was the development of an approachto couple a previosly existing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) modelwritten in C++ with a Simulink/Simscape plant model to simulate anAdvanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) plant.After the creation and validation of such tool, the complete modelwas used to run simulations, with the aim of assessing the AA-CAESplant's performance under multiple patterns of charge anddischarge.Most of the works found in the literature only provide values ofstorage efficiency obtained from analytical approaches, whilethose that use simulation tools provide average values ofefficiencies when the plant is performing a series of identicalcycles of charge and discharge. During this thesis project,instead, simulations were performed for consecutive irregularcycles determined as the plant response to the electric grid powerrequest. The average efficiency values obtained provide thereforea better representation of how the plant would perform in realapplications.The results show that, under the assumptions made, the AA-CAESplant's overall storage efficiency is influenced very weakly byalterations of the charge-discharge patterns, and that goodperformances can be expected not only for identical chargedischargeconsucutive cycles, but for any pattern that observesthe cavern pressure limits, as long as the thermal energy storageis sized wisely.In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed in order toassess the influence of turbomachinery efficiency on overallstorage efficiency, for a specified plant layout. The results showthat the turbine efficiency is the most affecting parameter to theplant's performance, while the impact of the main compressors'sinefficiency is mitigated by the thermal recovery that takes placein the TES.The present work confirms that AA-CAES is a promising technologyand that storage efficiencies above 70% can be achieved even inrealistic production scenarios.Finally, future steps for more accurate simulations of plants'performances and more detailed energy production scenarios areproposed.MSc ET 18007Examinator: Joakim WidénÄmnesgranskare: Ane HåkanssonHandledare:

Neste trabalho aplicamos a formulação semi-discreta, caracterizada pela combinação de aproximações distintas para as variáveis temporal e espacial, onde a variável temporal é discretizada utilizando métodos implícitos multi-estágios e a espacial usando métodos de elementos finitos,para a obtenção de soluções numéricas para as equações 1D de convecção-difusão-reação e de Burgers, cujas soluções analíticas são conhecidas.Métodos multi-estágios são obtidos através dos aproximantes de Padé. Em particular, neste trabalho consideramos os métodos implícitos multi-estágios de segunda ordem, R11, e de quarta ordem, R22, na discretização temporal. Quanto à discretização espacial, utilizamos três formulações do método de elementos finitos, ou seja, mínimos quadrados (MEFMQ), Galerkin (MEFG) e streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). Apresentamos análises quanto à influência dos números de Péclet e de Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy, da influência da malha e dos aproximantes de Padé R11 e R22 nas formulações MEFMQ, MEFG e SUPG. Apresentamos uma análise do erro utilizando a norma L2, comparando as soluções numéricas com a solução analítica das equações avaliadas. Verificamos que o método implícito multi-estágio de quarta ordem, R22, quando adicionado aos MEFMQ, MEFG e SUPG aumentou a região de convergênciadas soluções numéricas das equações e que o MEFMQ apresentou uma melhor performance, quando comparado as formulações MEFG e SUPG.
In this work we apply the semidiscrete formulation, characterized by the combination of distinct approaches to the time and space variables, where the time variable is discretized using implicits multi-stages methods and space variable is discretized using finite element methods, for obtaning numerical solutions for the 1D convection-diffusion-reation and Burgers equations, whose analytical solutions are known. Multi-stage methods are obtained through of Padé approximants. In particular, in this work we consider of the implicit multi-stage method of second-order R11 and of fourth-order R22, for time discretization. As for space discretization, we use three formulations of the finite elements methods, namely, least square (LSFEM), Galerkin (GFEM) and streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). We present analysis of the influence of the Péclet and Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy numbers, of the influence of the grid, of the Padé approximants R11 and R22 in the formulations LSFEM, GFEM and SUPG. We present a analysis of the error using the L2-norm, comparing the numerical solutions with analytical solutions. We verify that of the implicit multi-stage method of second-order when combined with the LSFEM, GFEM and SUPG, increased region of convergence of the numerical solutions, and that LSFEM presented a better performace when compared to the GFEM and SUPG formulations.

No estudo em dinâmica dos fluidos computacional há o interesse em obter soluções numéricas para as equações diferenciais parciais. Um desafio neste contexto é a formação de descontiniuidades que pode ser atribuída ao tratamento do termo convectivo não linear em equações diferenciais parciais. Dentro deste cenário, neste trabalho apresenta-se o estudo de um esquema upwind de alta resolução, o esquema ADBQUICKEST (Adaptative Bounded QUICKEST). Este esquema é aplicado em equações 1D e 2D, comparando qualitativemente os resultados numéricos com as soluções analíticas obtidas via transformação de Hopf-Cole e via uma modificação na transformação de Hopf-Cole. Ainda, o esquema é investigado nas soluções da equação de Burgers 1D e no sistema acoplado de equações de Burgers 1D para diferentes condições iniciais e de fronteira. Além disso, analisam-se os resultados numéricos da equação de Burgers 2D e os resultados no sistema acoplado de equações de Burgers 2D a baixos valores de _. Por fim, investiga-se a ordem de precisão do esquema ADBQUICKEST em cada exemplo estudado.
In the studies in computational fluid dynamics there is interest to obtain numerical solutions for partial differential equations. A challenge in this context is the formation of shock that can be attributed to the treatment of the nonlinear convective term in the partial differential equations. Within this scenario, this paper presents the study of a high-resolution upwind scheme, the ADBQUICKEST scheme. This scheme is applied to equation 1D and 2D, qualitatively comparing the numerical results with analytical solution obtained via Hopf-Cole transformation. Still, the scheme investigated in solutions of 1D Burgers equation and 1D coupled system of Burgers equations for different initial and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the numerical results of 2D Burgers equation and the numerical results of 2D coupled system of Burgers equations with low values of _ are analyzed. Ultimately, investigates the order of precision of the ADBQUICKEST in each example studied.

Cette thèse est consacrée à la modélisation markovienne et l'optimisation numérique pour la restauration des signaux en (1D) et (2D) bruités par un bruit blanc gaussien centré. Le principe du modèle markovien exploite le champ de Markov et de Gibbs sur des graphes finis via le théorème d'Hammersley Clifford. Le signal restauré est estimé au sens du critère du maximum a posteriori (MAP), qui conduit à un problème d'optimisation globale mixte, non convexe et de très grande taille, réputé très difficile. Plusieurs méthodes ont été proposées notamment le recuit simulé (SA), le graduted non convexity (GNC) et le recuit par champ moyen (MFA) introduits respectivement par (GG84), (BLA87) et (GEI89). Nous proposons des variantes de GNC 1er et 2eme ordre et surtout un nouvel algorithme que nous appelons balayage par position de discontinuité (BPD). Ce nouvel algorithme s'inspire des méthodes de coupe énumérative en optimisation combinatoire. Il se démarque des autres algorithmes cités par sa nature parallélisable, sa rapidité et sa facilite pour le choix des paramètres de lissage et de sensibilité. Ainsi, par exemple, dans le cas du signal en (1D) un traitement assisté ou automatique est proposé selon le degré de connaissance du signal à restaurer. De plus la souplesse de l'algorithme BPD permet d'introduire d'autres types de fonctions d'énergie élargissant le champ des applications (applications contour-image).

Cette thèse est dédiée à l'amélioration de la compression de séquences vidéo. Le but est de concevoir des méthodes suffisamment efficaces et réalistes pour être proposées aux organismes de normalisation de standard vidéo. Les approches choisies sont l'ajout de nouveaux modules de codage par compétition et la suppression de l'information de compétition. Un module de codage par compétition de prédicteurs de vecteurs mouvement, intégré dans le KTA, exploite, au sens du critère débit-distorsion, les redondances spatiales et temporelles des champs de vecteurs. De plus, une sélection automatique d'ensembles de prédicteurs orientée contenu est aussi proposée. Enfin, un nouveau mode de codage Intra basé sur un partitionnement 1D du macrobloc, réduisant la distance spatiale entre le signal de référence et la partition courante, est ajouté aux modes Intra bloc. Le standard de compression H.264/AVC, offre un nombre de compétitions plus élevé que celui de ses prédécesseurs. Pour réduire le débit lié à cette information de compétition, une partie de l'intelligence du codeur a été transférée au décodeur. Les indices des prédicteurs de vecteurs mouvement implicites, sont ainsi éliminés. Des prédicteurs Intra sont aussi supprimés en tenant compte du processus de quantification et du signal de référence. Enfin, en considérant que l'information de mouvement est une information de compétition, une estimation de mouvement au décodeur est mise en place. L'ensemble des méthodes développées offre des réductions de débit significatives par rapport à la référence. La combinaison d'une partie de ces méthodes obtient un gain moyen de 20% par rapport au standard pour un ensemble de séquences HD.

L'imagerie par Résonance Magnétique permet de mesurer l'écoulement sanguin. Au niveau cardiovasculaire, elle permet d'acquérir non seulement des images anatomiques du cœur et des gros vaisseaux mais aussi des images fonctionnelles de vitesse par contraste de phase. Cette technique offre des perspectives dans l'étude de la dynamique des fluides et dans la caractérisation des artères, en particulier pour les grosses artères systémiques comme l'aorte dont le rôle est primordial dans la circulation sanguine. Par ailleurs, l'un des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans la détermination de la fonction cardiaque et du comportement vasculaire est la pression artérielle. La méthode de référence de la mesure de pression dans l'aorte étant le cathétérisme, plusieurs méthodes combinant la modélisation à l'imagerie ont été proposées afin d'estimer un gradient de pression de façon non invasive. Ce travail de thèse propose de mesurer la pression dans un segment d'aorte grâce à un modèle 1D simplifié et en utilisant les données mesurées par IRM et un modèle 0D représentant le réseau vasculaire périphérique comme conditions aux limites. Aussi, afin d'adapter le modèle à l'aorte du patient, une loi de pression exprimant une relation entre la section aortique à la pression et basée sur la compliance a été utilisée. Cette dernière, liée à la vitesse d'onde de pouls (VOP), a été mesurée en IRM sur les ondes de vitesse.Par ailleurs, les séquences de codage de vitesse et d'accélération sont longues et ponctuées d'artéfacts dus au mouvement du patient. Une apnée est requise afin de limiter le mouvement respiratoire. Cependant, la durée de l'apnée atteint 25 à 30 secondes pour de telles séquences, ce qui est souvent impossible à tenir pour les malades. Une technique d'optimisation de séquences dynamiques par réduction du champ de vue est proposée et étudiée. La technique décrit un dépliement des régions repliées par différence complexe de deux images, l'une codée et l'autre non codée en vitesse. Cette méthode réalise une réduction de plus de 25% de la durée d'apnée
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to measure blood flow. It allows assessing not only dynamic images of the heart and the large arteries, but also functional velocity images by means of Phase Contrast. This promising technique is important for studying fluid dynamics and characterizing the arteries, especially the large systemic arteries that play a prominent role in the blood circulation. One of the parameters used for determining the cardiac function and the vascular behavior is the arterial pressure. The reference technique for measuring the aortic pressure is catheterism, but several methods combining imaging and mathematical modeling have been proposed in order to non-invasively estimate a pressure gradient. This work proposes to measure pressure in an aortic segment through a simplified 1D model using MRI measured flow and 0D model representing the peripheral vascular system as boundary conditions. To adapt the model to the aorta of a patient, a pressure law was used forming a relation between the aortic section area and pressure, based on compliance, which is linked to pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimated on MRI measured flow waves.Scan duration was optimized, as it is often a limitation during image acquisition. Velocity and acceleration sequences require a long time and may cause artifacts. Hence, they are acquired during apnea to avoid respiratory motion. However, for such acquisitions, a subject would have to hold their breath for more than 25 seconds which can pose difficulties for some patients. A technique that allows dynamic acquisition time optimization through field of view reduction was proposed and studied. The technique unfolds fold-over regions by complex difference of two images, one of which is motion encoded and the other acquired without an encoding gradient. By implementing this method, we decrease the acquisition time by more than 25%

L'imagerie par Résonance Magnétique permet de mesurer l'écoulement sanguin. Au niveau cardiovasculaire, elle permet d'acquérir non seulement des images anatomiques du cœur et des gros vaisseaux mais aussi des images fonctionnelles de vitesse par contraste de phase. Cette technique offre des perspectives dans l'étude de la dynamique des fluides et dans la caractérisation des artères, en particulier pour les grosses artères systémiques comme l'aorte dont le rôle est primordial dans la circulation sanguine. Par ailleurs, l'un des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans la détermination de la fonction cardiaque et du comportement vasculaire est la pression artérielle. La méthode de référence de la mesure de pression dans l'aorte étant le cathétérisme, plusieurs méthodes combinant la modélisation à l'imagerie ont été proposées afin d'estimer un gradient de pression de façon non invasive. Ce travail de thèse propose de mesurer la pression dans un segment d'aorte grâce à un modèle 1D simplifié et en utilisant les données mesurées par IRM et un modèle 0D représentant le réseau vasculaire périphérique comme conditions aux limites. Aussi, afin d'adapter le modèle à l'aorte du patient, une loi de pression exprimant une relation entre la section aortique à la pression et basée sur la compliance a été utilisée. Cette dernière, liée à la vitesse d'onde de pouls (VOP), a été mesurée en IRM sur les ondes de vitesse.Par ailleurs, les séquences de codage de vitesse et d'accélération sont longues et ponctuées d'artéfacts dus au mouvement du patient. Une apnée est requise afin de limiter le mouvement respiratoire. Cependant, la durée de l'apnée atteint 25 à 30 secondes pour de telles séquences, ce qui est souvent impossible à tenir pour les malades. Une technique d'optimisation de séquences dynamiques par réduction du champ de vue est proposée et étudiée. La technique décrit un dépliement des régions repliées par différence complexe de deux images, l'une codée et l'autre non codée en vitesse. Cette méthode réalise une réduction de plus de 25% de la durée d'apnée.

L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à la modélisation globale du système veineux jambier entrepris par les Laboratoires Innothera, en étudiant deux de ces aspects singuliers. La première partie porte sur les confluences. A l'aide d'une étude numérique validée expérimentalement nous proposons deux modèles permettant, d'une part de prédire la perte de charge singulière d'une confluence en fonction de sa géométrie et de son régime d'écoulement et, d'autre part, de prendre en compte les effets non newtoniens du sang en introduisant une viscosité dont la valeur dépend du débit. La seconde partie porte sur le remplissage et la vidange d'un tuyau souple. A l'aide d'un banc hydrodynamique nous avons développé une méthode de mesure de loi d'état de ces tuyaux et un modèle rendant compte de la cinématique de leur paroi. Enfin, nous avons réalisé la validation d'un code de simulation numérique permettant de résoudre le problème de l'écoulement d'un fluide dans une conduite déformable.

This thesis is tracking the design process footprints, from the wide initial scenario of a new combustor design for industrial gas turbines, down to detailed design aspects, passing through sealing system design with turbine nozzle, up to a specific liner cooling architecture and its optimization. Main effort of this job has been focused on the creation of a numerical tool, able, since the early phase of development, to analyze the liner cooling with a one-dimensional conjugate aero-thermal-strain approach: liner cold side heat transfer coefficients in a turbulated forced convection region are iteratively computed updating metal and air temperatures and the deformed geometry of coolant passages from results of a heat balance. Coolant passages, in between the deformed surfaces of liner and baffle, influence the air velocity, changing in turn heat transfer coefficients and coolant pressure losses. The computation of liner and baffle strain has been validated comparing the code results with the ones obtained by a detailed finite element model. Correlations embedded in the code have been calibrated thanks to a comparison with temperatures and pressures experimental measurements, which have been acquired in a full annular rig test campaign. The code has been provided with two additional optimization routines, developed to automatically improve the baffle design for an enhancement of the liners durability, without penalizing engine performance. Maintaining the same coolant pressure losses and minimizing the axial gradients of metal temperature by means of a variable gap baffle geometry, a reduction of thermal induced stresses can be achieved. The reader will follow problems and solutions, sizing criteria and uncertainties estimation of the combustor architecture adopted in the BHGE NovaLT industrial gas turbine class, up to reach the testing phase of the manufactured components and finally the baffle design solution optimization. Reliability of the liner cooling system depends also by the reliability of the leakage prediction across the interface between liners and turbine first stage nozzles. In parallel to the baffle design optimization, studies have been performed on this sealing systems, aimed to increase the reliability of the combustor flow split prediction and to identify areas of improvement of the sealing. The criteria for selection and design of the most suitable sealing system and related durability analyses will be presented, completing the picture of the combustor flow split and synergistically improving the reliability of the liners cooling design presented.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
93
This research is aimed to develop a complete code that can provide the user a path layout and an optimal speeds setup for a 1D extension system. Prior to analysis, the user needs just to provide the system configuration such as roller locations, radius, friction, and rollers speeds, then the program will output the system layout for first check. The tension analysis then follows to give users initial understanding. The complete code embarks an optimization process in which the user specifies an object function that could be tensions or speeds related and yields the optimal setup for extension process. In the searching of optimal solution, the topographical method and variable metric method are used. At last, two examples, one with minimum tension variation and one with specified tension requirement are demonstrated. The results showed the applicability of the developed method and the relations between tension and speeds as well. This computer code is believed to provide the analyzer and designer a useful tool for extension process.

This work presents a semi-automated labeling system for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) datasets. A 1D-CNN trained on scripted activities is used to generate predicted labels for free-form walking segments. Labels below a confidence threshold are marked for review using closed captioned video reducing the time required to label the unscripted sequences. The publicly available TWristAR dataset collected for this work includes Empatica e4 wristband data recorded during six HAR activities and free-form walks. A complete time-stamped video record is provided which we believe makes this dataset unique and useful. Our 1D-CNN model achieves a subject-dependent accuracy of 96.4% and a subject-independent accuracy of 77.4% for six scripted activities. The source code for this work is available at https://github.com/imics-lab/Semi-Supervised-HAR-e4-Wristband.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is globally acknowledged research problem. The continuous Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring can assist in tackling the problem of CVD. The redundancy in the monitoring of ECG signal is reduced by various signal processing techniques either in 1D or 2D domain. This chapter is having the sole objective of reviewing the existing 2D ECG data compression techniques and comparing it with the 1D compression techniques. Furthermore, proposing a novel nonlinear complexity sorting approach for 2D ECG data compression. The broad basic steps involved in the procedure are preprocessing, transformation and encoding. The preprocessing steps includes QRS detection, 2D ECG image formulation, Dc quantization and complexity sorting. The second stage of transformation includes the various decomposition techniques. At encoding stage, standard image codec (JPEG2000) can be employed. The performance evaluation of the proposed complexity sorting algorithm is performed on records of Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Beth Israel Hospital arrhythmia database.

The 2D/1D fusion method (2D/1D method) is becoming a popular transport method for whole-core calculations, which reduces the group condense and assembly homogenization approximations in the conventional two-step reactor physics calculations. In most 2D/1D codes, a pin is chosen as a 1D calculation domain, which assumes that the axial leakage of the pin is flat on top/bottom surfaces. Similar to the axial leakage, the radial leakage of every 2D plane also introduces several approximations along axial direction for the 1D calculation. In this paper a 2D/1D fusion code is developed, while a leakage reconstruction method is proposed and applied. In this 2D/1D fusion code, MOC is applied to the radial 2D calculation and the Sn diamond difference method is used for the axial 1D calculation. Numerical results indicate that the 2D/1D fusion code developed in this paper is precise in three-dimensional transport calculation and show the performance of this leakage reconstruction method especially when the leakage term is significant.

Whereas Gas Turbines are the most important producers of Propulsion and Power in the world and with attention to the importance of combustion chamber as one of the three basic components of Gas Turbine, various activities in different levels have been done on this component. Because of the environmental limitations and laws related to the pollutants such as NOx and CO, Lean Premixed Combustion Chambers are specially considered in gas turbine industries. This study is part of a Multi-Layer simulation of the whole gas turbine cycle in MPG Company. In this work, the combination of a general 1D code and CFD is used for deriving appropriate performance curves for a 1D and 0D gas turbine design, off-design and dynamic cycle code. This 1D code is a general code which has been developed for different combustion chambers; annular, can-annular, can type and silo type combustion chambers. The purpose of generating this 1D code is the possibility of fast analysis of combustors in different operating conditions and reaching required outputs. This 1D code is a part of a general simulation 1D code for gas turbine and was used for a silo type combustor performance prediction. This code generates required quantities such as pressure loss, exit temperature, liner temperature and mass distribution through the combustion chamber. Mass distribution and pressure loss are analyzed and determined with an electrical analogy. Results derived from 1D code are validated with empirical data available for different combustors. There is appropriate agreement between these experimental and analytical results. Drag coefficients for liner holes are available from experimental data and for burner are calculated as a curve with CFD simulations. What differs this code from other 1D codes for gas turbine combustors is the advantage of using combustion efficiencies evolved from numerical simulation results in different loads. These efficiencies are determined with CFD simulations and are available as maps and inserted into the gas temperature calculation algorithm of 1D code. In other 1D codes in this field, empirical correlations are used for combustion efficiency determination. Combustion efficiency curves for design and off-design conditions in this study are achieved by 2D and 3D simulation of combustion chamber with application of EBU/Finite Rate model and 8 step reactions of CH4 burning. Diffusion flame in low loads and premixed flame in high loads are considered. Flame stability and Lean Blow Out charts are evolved from CFD simulation and Heat transfer is applied with empirical correlations.