Journal articles: 'Codeswitching'

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Chiotis, Theodoros. "Codeswitching." Hyperrhiz: New Media Cultures, no. 3 (August 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20415/hyp/003.g01.

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Dolitsky, Marlene, and Georgette Bensimon-Choukroun. "Codeswitching." Journal of Pragmatics 32, no. 9 (August 2000): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00097-1.

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Broersma, Mirjam, Diana Carter, Kevin Donnelly, and Agnieszka Konopka. "Triggered codeswitching: Lexical processing and conversational dynamics." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000014.

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AbstractThis study investigates the psycholinguistic process underlying triggered codeswitching – codeswitching facilitated by the occurrence of cognates – within the context of conversational dynamics. It confirms that, in natural bilingual speech, lexical selection of cognates can facilitate codeswitching by enhancing the activation of the non-selected language. Analyses of a large-scale corpus of Welsh–English conversational speech showed that 1) producing cognates facilitated codeswitching, 2) speakers who generally produced more cognates generally codeswitched more, even in clauses that did not contain cognates, 3) larger numbers of cognates in a clause increased the likelihood of codeswitching, 4) codeswitching temporarily remained facilitated after the production of cognates, and 5) hearing rather than producing cognates did not facilitate codeswitching. The findings confirm the validity of the proposed cognitive account of triggered codeswitching, and clarify the relation between the lexical activation of cognates and consecutive language choice, in accord with current insights in lexical processing.

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Burt, Susan Meredith, and Rudolfo Jacobson. "Codeswitching Worldwide." Language 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417540.

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BROERSMA, MIRJAM. "Triggered codeswitching between cognate languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990204.

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This study shows further evidence for triggered codeswitching. In natural speech from a Dutch–English bilingual, codeswitches occurred more often directly next to a cognate (or “trigger word”) than elsewhere. This evidence from typologically related, cognate languages extends previous evidence for triggering between typologically unrelated languages. With their large proportion of trigger words, the data provide insight into which words can trigger codeswitches; proper nouns, cognate content words with good and moderate form overlap, and cognate function words all induced codeswitching. Further, this study extends the evidence for triggered codeswitching from speech with relatively little codeswitching to speech with a high codeswitching density. In contrast with earlier work, not only words directly following a trigger word but also words directly preceding one were codeswitched more often than other words, suggesting that the scope of triggered codeswitching depends on the frequency of trigger words and of codeswitches in the speech.

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Balam, Osmer. "Beyond differences and similarities in codeswitching and translanguaging research." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00065.bal.

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Abstract In previous research, there has been an emphasis on differentiating and distancing translanguaging from codeswitching, partly on the basis that the latter refers to the combination of two discrete systems that correspond to named languages. While this is the mainstream view, there are codeswitching scholars who have proposed alternative views that align with some of the same observations and criticisms that have been raised by proponents of translanguaging. In this conceptual paper, I provide an overview of translanguaging alongside opposing views of codeswitching, and I underscore important similarities that have thus far been absent from present discussions regarding translanguaging versus codeswitching. Drawing on data from the understudied Spanish/English codeswitching variety spoken in Northern Belize, I discuss how bilingual compound verbs lend support to alternative views of codeswitching. Despite clear differences in their empirical goals, research conducted by both codeswitching and translanguaging scholars compels us to reexamine fundamental notions about language and linguistic competence. This reevaluation will not only contribute to theoretical advancement, but it will further elucidate our understanding of the complexity and dynamicity that characterizes bi/multilingual speech production and processing.

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Blackburn, Angélique M., and Nicole Y. Y. Wicha. "The Effect of Code-Switching Experience on the Neural Response Elicited to a Sentential Code Switch." Languages 7, no. 3 (July 11, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030178.

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Switching between languages, or codeswitching, is a cognitive ability that multilinguals can perform with ease. This study investigates whether codeswitching during sentence reading affects early access to meaning, as indexed by the robust brain response called the N400. We hypothesize that the brain prioritizes the meaning of the word during comprehension with codeswitching costs emerging at a different stage of processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while Spanish–English balanced bilinguals (n = 24) read Spanish sentences containing a target noun that could create a semantic violation, codeswitch or both. Self-reported frequency of daily codeswitching was used as a regressor to determine if the cost of reading a switch is modulated by codeswitching experience. A robust N400 to semantic violations was followed by a late positive component (LPC). Codeswitches modulated the left anterior negativity (LAN) and LPC, but not the N400, with codeswitched semantic violations resulting in a sub-additive interaction. Codeswitching experience modulated the LPC, but not the N400. The results suggest that early access to semantic memory during comprehension happens independent of the language in which the words are presented. Codeswitching affects a separate stage of comprehension with switching experience modulating the brain’s response to experiencing a language switch.

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Cox, Jessica G., Ashley LaBoda, and Najee Mendes. "“I'm gonna Spanglish it on you”: Self-reported vs. oral production of Spanish–English codeswitching." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000129.

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AbstractMuch bilingualism research includes some consideration of codeswitching, which may be measured via self-report, an experimental task, or sociolinguistic interview; however, there is little triangulation across measures in either psycholinguistic or sociolinguistic approaches. To consider possible differences between self-report and oral production of codeswitching, Spanish–English bilinguals completed a codeswitching questionnaire and oral production in an autobiographical memory task. They also completed proficiency and executive function tests. We found that broad measures of self-reported and orally produced codeswitches were positively correlated, although relationships with proficiency and executive function were more complex. These findings may direct future studies’ operationalization of codeswitching.

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Kirsch, William, and Simone Sarmento. "Fulbright English Teaching Assistants: preparação conjunta de aulas e codeswitching numa comunidade de prática do programa idiomas sem fronteiras." BELT - Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2017.2.26712.

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This article discusses codeswitching in a community of practice generated by the Languages without Borders Program in a large public university in Southern Brazil. The corpus presented in this article consists of a synoptic chart with the description of 15 events involving at least one English Teaching Assistant (ETA) and has codeswitching as an integral feature, as well as the transcription ofone prototypical interactional event in which codeswitching happens. Ourinterpretation of the data suggests that (1) codeswitching is a central resource in these interactions, and that (2) these interactions seem to culminate in: (a) student teachers practicing and learning English and English-speaking culture from the ETAs, (b) ETAs practicing and learning Portuguese and Brazilian culture from the student teachers. In addition to that, codeswitching seems to be a style that demonstrates engagement in the community.

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Khan, Arshad Ali, Naureen Nazir, Abdul Hamid, and Neelam Nazir. "SOCIAL FACTORS AND PASHTO-ENGLISH CODESWITCHING: THE CASE OF ENGLISH AS EMBEDDED LANGUAGE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93169.

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Purpose of the Study: The present research investigates the use of English codeswitching about the social factors which influence the use of English in the Pashto language. First, the focus of the study lies on the social factors e.g., style, interlocutors, topic, social distance, social status, and identity, etc., and their influence on English codeswitching in the Pashto language. Methodology of the study: The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire consist of 13th statements. The data collected were further analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods employing descriptive analysis, SPSS 15, and the percentage method. Main Findings: The dominant pattern of codeswitching was insertion with nouns the most frequent codeswitching item. The study indicates that education is the key factor that influences English codeswitching and it also shows that Pashto is the dominant language of communication and is used as a symbol of solidarity and social marker in the Pashto speech community. Application of the study: The researcher can extend this study of codeswitching to a different contact setting such Pashto-Urdu and Pashto-Punjabi. The density of bilingualism is expected to give different types of codeswitching patterns. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the pioneer study that focused on the effect of social factors on the selection of language in bilingual settings.

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Goyvaerts, Didier L., and Tembue Zembele. "Codeswitching in Bukavu." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 13, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1992.9994484.

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Stell, Gerald. "Ethnicity and codeswitching." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.22.3.06ste.

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This article aims to compare three distinct grammatical and conversational patterns of code-switching, which it tentatively links to three different South African ethnoracial labels: White, Coloured and Black. It forms a continuation of a previous article in which correlations were established between Afrikaans-English code-switching patterns and White and Coloured ethnicities. The typological framework used is derived from Muysken, and the hypotheses are based on his predictions as to which type of grammatical CS (i.e. insertional, alternational, congruent lexicalisation) will dominate in which linguistic and sociolinguistic settings. Apart from strengthening the idea of a correlation between patterns of language variation and ethnicity in general, the article explores the theoretical possibility of specific social factors overriding linguistic constraints in determining the grammatical form of CS patterns. In this regard, it will be shown that – on account of specific social factors underlying ethnicity – CS between two typologically unrelated languages, namely Sesotho and English, can exhibit more marks of congruent lexicalization than CS between two typologically related languages, namely Afrikaans and English, while – from the point of view of linguistic constraints – insertional/alternational CS would be expected in the former language pair and congruent lexicalization in the latter. That finding will be placed against the background of different pragmatic norms regulating the conversational use of CS within the Black Sesotho-speaking community (which we will describe as ‘language mixing’ in Auer’s sense) and within the Afrikaans speech community (which in the case of Whites we will describe as tending more towards ‘language alternation’ in Auer’s sense, and in the case of Coloureds as occupying an intermediate position between language alternation and language mixing). The summary of findings on grammatical and conversational CS patterns across ethnic samples will finally be placed against the background of ethnicity and its specific definition in the South African context.

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Fotiou, Constantina. "Debunking a myth: The Greek language in Cyprus is not being destroyed. A linguistic analysis of Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (July 25, 2018): 1358–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918786466.

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Aims and objectives:This paper examines Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching practices by Cypriot-born Greek Cypriots and investigates its linguistic forms, functions and codeswitching types. It also assesses the frequency of English in the data.Methodology:The data consist of authentic, informal conversations. Codeswitching is regarded as the use of two languages by one speaker in a single conversation, so established borrowings were excluded from the analysis. For assessing frequency, a word-count was conducted and for data analysis the distinction between insertions and alternations was used.Data and analysis:Forty hours of naturally occurring conversations among Greek Cypriots were studied. Data are categorised according to codeswitching types, linguistic forms and functions of English.Findings/conclusions:Quantitatively, English use is limited. Thus claims for excessive use of English are unfounded. Structurally, codeswitching mainly takes the form of English insertions in a Cypriot Greek grammatical structure. Most codeswitching is intra-sentential, with mostly English nouns and noun phrases used. Single-word switching is more frequent than multi-word switching.Originality:This study, to the author’s knowledge, is the first thorough documentation of oral Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching by Greek Cypriots born and raised in Cyprus and the first study addressing the assertions for the ‘destruction of the Greek language in Cyprus’ using a large sample of empirical data.Significance/implications:As Greek Cypriots’ native language but not the standard official language of the state, Cypriot Greek has been accused of being ‘susceptible’ to a heavy use of English because it supposedly lacks the richness of Standard Modern Greek. This work shows that such heavy use is only in the mind of purists and that claims about Cypriot Greek speakers’ linguistic deficit on the basis of purported dense codeswitching are unfounded.

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Amuzu, Evershed Kwasi. "Revisiting the Classic Codeswitching–Composite Codeswitching Distinction: A Case Study of Nonverbal Predication in Ewe–English Codeswitching." Australian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 1 (April 2005): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268600500113690.

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Henkin, Roni. "Functional codeswitching and register in educated Negev Arabic interview style." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79, no. 2 (June 2016): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x16000513.

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AbstractThe sociolinguistic phenomenon of codeswitching, both diglossic and bilingual (Arabic–Hebrew), is extremely pervasive in all varieties of Palestinian Arabic, including Negev Arabic. Surprisingly, neither of these types of codeswitching in Palestinian Arabic has received due scholarly attention; moreover, their interplay has not been studied for any type of Arabic. This article analyses quantitative and functional aspects of diglossic and bilingual codeswitching in the personal interview style of 11 Negev Bedouin female students, focusing on their functional interaction. In the five distinct registers analysed, ratios of both diglossic and bilingual codeswitching were found to rise from childhood narratives to recounts of the period of academic studies and expository sections, with the use of Hebraisms dropping in the more formal registers. Although mixed bilingual discourse with intensive codeswitching is the default style for in-group discourse of the young generation, I show that many switches are not random, but fulfil discourse-pragmatic, communicative, social and textual functions typical of each of the registers. For example, in the narrative registers, switching may mark evaluation (commenting, explaining, self-repair, sidetracking, repetition). In both narrative and non-narrative discourse it may mark quotations, rephrasing or paraphrasing, with or without a metalinguistic introducing particle such as ‘as they say’. The result is redundancy at the referential level, with pragmatic functions of emphasizing or elaborating at the discourse level. This is in keeping with functions identified for bilingual codeswitching in general and also for diglossic codeswitching in Arabic; but it is the first effort, as far as I know, to combine analysis of the two codeswitching dimensions in any given code; and, moreover, to study the interplay of this bi-dimensional switching with relation to the stylistic factors of genre and register.

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MYERS-SCOTTON, CAROL. "Natural codeswitching knocks on the laboratory door." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 9, no. 2 (June 22, 2006): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728906002549.

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This contribution discusses findings and hypotheses from empirical data of naturally-occurring codeswitching. The discussion is framed by some comparisons of the approaches of contact linguists and psycholinguists to bilingual production data. However, it emphasizes the relevance of naturally-occurring codeswitching to the theoretical questions asked by psycholinguists. To accomplish this, relevant grammatical structures in codeswitching are exemplified and analyzed. Analysis largely follows the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model, but differing approaches are mentioned.

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M Alhamdan, Alaa Hamdan. "Structural Patterns of Multilingual Codeswitching between Arabic and English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.3p.93.

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As multilingualism is increasingly embraced in Saudi Arabia, the inevitable practice of codeswitching is a topic of heated debate. While it has been the subject of strong-held beliefs and opinions, established scholarly work is needed to enlighten the understanding of this use of languages. Hence, this study explored naturally occurring data of the codeswitching use of Arabic and English by multilingual Arab students as they attend Arabic weekly cultural seminar sessions during their temporary stay and study in the US. It captures their codeswitching use via video recordings and subjected to linguistic analyses on three levels: whole text-level, sentence-level and morpheme-level, with the implementation of the mixed-method approach. The findings revealed that the linguistic analysis of 523 codeswitching occurrences found in the data revealed the structural complexity and variety of codeswitching as a linguistic resource available to multilinguals fluent in Arabic and English. Occurring spontaneously and rather unpredictably in multilingual interactions, it disproved common Saudi and other perceptions of it as a form of language offense and careless linguistic behavior.

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Uilenberg, Sarina. "Codewisseling in een Nederlandse Gemeenschap in Brazilie." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 57 (January 1, 1997): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.57.07uil.

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The present investigation was carried out in Holambra, a community of Dutch origin in Brazil. The goal was to analyze the codeswitching between Dutch and Portuguese practised by the immigrants in their everyday speech, taking into account both grammatical and functional aspects. Moreover, the codeswitching of the first and second generations were compared, focusing on the different motives, the size of switched constituents, and the type of codeswitching. Previous theories suggested a relationship between grammatical characteristics on the one hand, and functions of individual switches, attitudes towards the languages and communities involved, and language ability on the other hand. In this article, results of the three analyses are presented and the language use and codeswitching of the different generations in this community are described. The results show an intermediate generation consisting of the most balanced bilinguals, who codeswitch often and without difficulties, using the full range of both languages. The first and second generations, however, show less diversity in their codeswitching, mainly switching nouns. Finally, suggestions for future investigation are presented.

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Pineda, David. "“Куэссь не получается сāмас, рyшас полегче” – codeswitching on the Kola Peninsula." Poljarnyj vestnik 11 (January 1, 2008): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1301.

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This paper examines a number of examples of codeswitching between Kildin Saami and Russian on the Kola Peninsula, and tries to explain their possible discourse-related meanings in the light of existing theories on codeswitching.

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A. Salih, Ahmed. "Students’ Implicit Attitudes towards Teachers’ Classroom Codeswitching between English and Kurdish." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v11n4a1255.

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In the recent years, a large number of universities and institutes across Kurdistan region of Iraq adopted English as a medium of instruction. Since classroom is a language contact instance, codeswitching between English and Kurdish is highly likely to occur. One aspect of this phenomenon, the attitudes students have of teachers who codeswitch between English and Kurdish in the classroom has not been addressed to the best of the author’s knowledge. In this study, this issue is addressed and implicit attitudes towards teachers who codeswitch in the classroom are expressed. This sheds light on the phenomenon of classroom codeswitching between English and Kurdish. Forty-two participants studying at the department of English at a private technical institute in Duhok took part in a matched guise test to determine the implicit attitudes. After data collection, a repeated T-test was conducted to determine the results. The results indicate that in terms of teacher’s codeswitching or not codeswitching in classroom, there are no significant differences. In other words, the phenomenon of codeswitching between English and Kurdish in the classroom, for the study’s participants, is not an important matter and therefore more data is required to study this area more extensively.

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Umami, Emma Asyirotul, and Betari Irma Ghasani. "Code-switching and Code Mixing on Vlog: A Sociolinguistics Study." Islah: Journal of Islamic Literature and History 2, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/islah.v2i1.15-30.

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This paper aims for identifying the type of codeswitching and codemixing found on the vlog and recognizing factors causing codeswitching and codemixing. The researchers take data from 14 vlogs of Nurul Taufik themed Jaamiah or Campus. Some steps done in doing the research including listening to the vlog, analysing, and reporting. The result shows that there are 20 data of codeswitching and 52 data of codemixing. All forms of codeswitching belong to extraneous in the form of sentences. Some factors causing code switching are including speakers, interlocutors, the presence of a third person and changes in the topic of discussion. In addition, the form of code mixing is extraneous codes in the form of words, phrases, baster, repetition of words, expressions, and clauses. The cause of codemixing is the speaker's desire to get the “right” expression, and the habits and relaxedness of the speech act participants in communicating.

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Raichlin, Rina, Joel Walters, and Carmit Altman. "Some wheres and whys in bilingual codeswitching: Directionality, motivation and locus of codeswitching in Russian-Hebrew bilingual children." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (March 18, 2018): 629–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918763135.

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Aims and objectives: Differences in directionality, motivations and locus of codeswitching have been reported for children’s codeswitching, but these constructs have not been subjected to experimental study in order to examine how they may interact. This study investigated these variables in bilingual preschool children’s codeswitching. Methodology: Thirty-two Russian-Hebrew bilingual children (mean age 6;3) performed two tasks: Retelling of narratives manipulated for setting/topic and listener and Conversation with a bilingual adult. Retelling conditions included a Russian story retold to a Hebrew-speaking puppet, a Hebrew story retold to a Russian speaking puppet and a Mixed language story retold to a bilingual puppet. The Conversation task involved responses to questions in Russian, Hebrew and codeswitched speech about holidays and activities at home and in preschool. Data and Analysis: All children’s speech was audio recorded and transcribed using CHILDES conventions for data transcription. Codeswitched utterances were coded for the following: Directionality (Hebrew-to-Russian/Russian-to-Hebrew); Motivation (psycholinguistic/sociopragmatic); and Locus (intra-utterance/cross-speaker). Results: Overall children produced more codeswitching from Russian to Hebrew and did so more for psycholinguistic motivations (to maintain fluency or to overcome difficulties in lexical access). Originality: High rates of codeswitching occurred in this study, ranging from 15% to 22% for Conversation and Retelling, respectively (calculated as codeswitched instances per utterance). This high rate may be attributed to the experimental nature of the tasks, which intended to elicit codeswitching in children’s speech. Significance: Drawing from Green and Wei’s processing model, findings regarding directionality and motivation are discussed in terms of connectivity and activation.

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Dussias, Paola E. "Psycholinguistic complexity in codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 5, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069010050010501.

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Stroud, Christopher. "The performativity of codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 8, no. 2 (June 2004): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069040080020301.

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Amuzu, Evershed K., and John Victor Singler. "Codeswitching in West Africa." International Journal of Bilingualism 18, no. 4 (July 30, 2014): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006913481135.

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Tong, Douglas M. "Book Reviews : Codeswitching Worldwide." RELC Journal 30, no. 1 (June 1999): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003368829903000110.

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Dorleijn, Margreet. "Is dense codeswitching complex?" Language Sciences 60 (March 2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2016.11.002.

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Myers‐Scotton, Carol. "Comparing codeswitching and borrowing." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 13, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1992.9994481.

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Contini-Morava, Ellen. "Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching.:Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 5, no. 2 (December 1995): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1995.5.2.246.

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Yi, Irene. "Sociolinguistically-aware computational models of Mandarin-English codeswitching." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 5247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5247.

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Current research on computational modeling of codeswitching has focused on the use of syntactic constraints as model predictors (Li & Fung 2014; Li & Vu 2019). However, proposed syntactic constraints (Poplack 1978; Poplack 1980; Myers-Scotton 1993; Belazi et al. 1994) are largely based around Spanish-English codeswitching, and are violated repeatedly (and potentially systematically) by codeswitching involving other languages. Thus, a computational model trained on these syntactic constraints, when applied to codeswitching involving languages that are not Spanish-English, may not capture the naturalistic patterns of those languages in codeswitching contexts. This paper demonstrates the value of sociolinguistic factors as predictors in training a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model on novel Mandarin-English codeswitch data, which come from 12 bilingual speakers of two different generations from Grand Rapids, Michigan. Participants also answered metalinguistic questions about their own language practices and attitudes and completed a written Language History Questionnaire (LHQ) (Li et al. 2020), which asked for self-evaluations of language habits (proficiency, immersion, and dominance in the two languages). LHQ responses were then quantified into numerical scores serving as sociolinguistic predictors in the CART model. The model, which highlighted that age, L2 Dominance, and L1 Immersion were among the top predictors, achieved an accuracy of 0.804 with the area under its ROC curve being 0.692. This is comparable to, if not more powerful than, previous computational studies (e.g. Li & Fung 2014) that trained models using only proposed syntactic constraints as predictors. This paper shows the importance of sociolinguistic factors in computational research previously focused on syntactic constraints; the intersection of these methodologies could improve a cross-linguistic and computational understanding of codeswitching patterns.

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Backus, Ad, and Derya Demirçay. "Intense Turkish-Dutch bilingualism leads to intense Turkish-Dutch mixing." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00062.bac.

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Abstract Codeswitching in the Turkish migration settings in Western Europe has been studied almost since the beginning of the labor migration that formed these communities. The patterns of codeswitching have gradually become more complex, which is demonstrated with reference to data from the Netherlands. Initially it was limited to the insertion of Dutch words into Turkish utterances, largely needed to fill lexical gaps. Gradually, as a new generation grew up with Dutch education, living most of their lives in a Dutch social environment, codeswitching patterns grew in complexity, with an increase in alternation between Dutch and Turkish utterances. Often, these and other patterns are attested in the speech of the same people at the same time, within a single conversation: they represent a bilingual speech style. The most recent investigations into Turkish-Dutch codeswitching show how this increasing intensity of bilingualism in the community has led to increasing integration of the languages in everyday in-group bilingual speech. Of all switches, a relatively small percentage is taken up by the insertion of content words into either language; yet, codeswitching is not always straightforward alternation between Turkish and Dutch utterances. Instead, utterances often contain chunks from both languages. This phenomenon will be illustrated in this article and explained through a usage-based perspective that privileges a processing-based over a structuralist account, but crucially ties this account to an understanding of the social motivations that make this kind of bilingual speech possible, or even desired.

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MYERS-SCOTTON, CAROL. "Research note and erratum." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, no. 1 (April 2004): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728904001294.

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This note points out an incorrect quotation of the theory of codeswitching outlined in various publications of Carol Myers-Scotton as cited by Boussofara-Omar (2003). In addition, the issue is raised whether the type of multi-lectal situation encountered in the varieties of Arabic spoken in Tunisia should be analyzed with a model designed to deal with ‘classic’ codeswitching.

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Hymes, Dell, and Monica Heller. "Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives." Language 65, no. 3 (September 1989): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415224.

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Irvine, Judith T. "Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2, no. 2 (December 1992): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1992.2.2.214.

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Ponelis, Fritz. "Afrikaans-English Codeswitching and Convergence." Language Matters 30, no. 1 (January 1999): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228199908566151.

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Karrebæk, Martha Sif. "Iconicity and structure in codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 7, no. 4 (December 2003): 407–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069030070040401.

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Dolitsky, Marlene, and Georgette Bensimon-Choukroun. "Introduction: Special issue on codeswitching." Journal of Pragmatics 32, no. 9 (August 2000): 1255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00098-3.

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Dolitsky, Marlene. "Codeswitching in a child's monologues." Journal of Pragmatics 32, no. 9 (August 2000): 1387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00105-8.

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Woolard, Kathryn A. "Codeswitching and comedy in Catalonia." IPrA Papers in Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/iprapip.1.1.04woo.

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Dagmar Scheu, U. "Cultural constraints in bilinguals’ codeswitching." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 24, no. 1 (January 2000): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-1767(99)00027-9.

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Vanhaverbeke, Margot, and Renata Enghels. "Diminutive constructions inbilingual speech." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00068.van.

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Abstract The diminutive construction is formed and used differently in Spanish and English, which leads us to the question how this construction with different morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic characteristics in the input languages is governed in Spanish-English bilingual and codeswitching speech. Through the analysis of a dataset of diminutive constructions extracted from the Bangor Miami corpus, this paper contributes to a better understanding of how one and the same construction differently represented in the input languages is administered in bilingual contexts. As this is a first approach to studying diminutives in codeswitching, three well known structural codeswitching models serve as a primary theoretical tool against which the diminutive is tested. These are Poplack’s (1980) Universal Constraints, Myers-Scotton’s (2002) Matrix Language Frame Model, and Blom and Gumperz’ (1972) Metaphorical Codeswitching Framework. The results show that Miami bilinguals prefer the prototypical markers of each language, -ito and little (e.g. un partimecito, un little estante). Furthermore, while the data largely confirm Poplack’s Constraints, they refute our hypothesis based on Myers-Scotton’s MLF model. Regarding Gumperz’ theory, the use of diminutive markers in a particular language correlates with a certain meaning the speaker wants to communicate (i.e. quantitative or qualitative), which again provides support to the framework.

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Andrews, Jean F., and Vickie Dionne. "“Down the Language Rabbit Hole with Alice”: A Case Study of a Deaf Girl with a Cochlear Implant." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/326379.

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Alice, a deaf girl who was implanted after age three years of age was exposed to four weeks of storybook sessions conducted in American Sign Language (ASL) and speech (English). Two research questions were address: (1) how did she use her sign bimodal/bilingualism, codeswitching, and code mixing during reading activities and (2) what sign bilingual code-switching and code-mixing strategies did she use while attending to stories delivered under two treatments: ASL only and speech only. Retelling scores were collected to determine the type and frequency of her codeswitching/codemixing strategies between both languages after Alice was read to a story in ASL and in spoken English. Qualitative descriptive methods were utilized. Teacher, clinician and student transcripts of the reading and retelling sessions were recorded. Results showed Alice frequently used codeswitching and codeswitching strategies while retelling the stories retold under both treatments. Alice increased in her speech production retellings of the stories under both the ASL storyreading and spoken English-only reading of the story. The ASL storyreading did not decrease Alice’s retelling scores in spoken English. Professionals are encouraged to consider the benefits of early sign bimodal/bilingualism to enhance the overall speech, language and reading proficiency of deaf children with cochlear implants.

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MACSWAN, JEFF. "Remarks on Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's response: There is no “Matrix Language”." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8, no. 3 (November 15, 2005): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728905002312.

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This research note presents reactions to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's (2005) response to MacSwan (2005), the latter offered as a response to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross (2002) and as a general critique of the MLF model of Myers-Scotton and colleagues. The note responds to the authors' analysis of various linguistic examples and to their continued assertion that the MLF model (and “matrix language” concept in particular) is necessary to any successful analysis of codeswitching data. The authors' critique of MacSwan's (2005) analysis of some Spanish–English DP facts is shown to fail, demonstrating that there is no “matrix language”. The note advocates that researchers reject across-the-board constraints on codeswitching in favor of a research agenda which relies upon independently motivated principles of grammar for the analysis of bilingual language data, with no codeswitching-specific mechanisms permitted.

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BROERSMA, MIRJAM, and KEES DE BOT. "Triggered codeswitching: A corpus-based evaluation of the original triggering hypothesis and a new alternative." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728905002348.

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In this article the triggering hypothesis for codeswitching proposed by Michael Clyne is discussed and tested. According to this hypothesis, cognates can facilitate codeswitching of directly preceding or following words. It is argued that the triggering hypothesis in its original form is incompatible with language production models, as it assumes that language choice takes place at the surface structure of utterances, while in bilingual production models language choice takes place along with lemma selection. An adjusted version of the triggering hypothesis is proposed in which triggering takes place during lemma selection and the scope of triggering is extended to basic units in language production. Data from a Dutch–Moroccan Arabic corpus are used for a statistical test of the original and the adjusted triggering theory. The codeswitching patterns found in the data support part of the original triggering hypothesis, but they are best explained by the adjusted triggering theory.

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Lafkioui, Mena B. "Codeswitching and artistic performance among multilingual minorities in Flanders." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00063.laf.

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Abstract Viewed from an interactional sociolinguistic perspective, this research addresses multilingual codeswitching practices of youngsters with North African roots from the super-diverse Flemish city of Ghent. Particular attention is paid here to their artistic – mainly interethnic – performances, as these play a vital role in constructing ethnic and social belonging by voicing “glocal” identities. In so doing, the study provides evidence of the importance of multilingualism and codeswitching in the accommodation, socialization, and emancipation of these youngsters.

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Wright, Nicholas Lamar, Susan D. Longerbeam, and Meera Alagaraja. "Chronic Codeswitching: Shaping Black/White Multiracial Student Sense of Belonging." Genealogy 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6030075.

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Multiracial students grapple with experiences around mixedness which can hinder their sense of belonging among different social groups. Constantly feeling unaccepted and receiving the comment “You are too Black” or “You are too White” capture some of the common microaggressions faced by Black/White multiracial students. Using a phenomenological design, this study examines the ways in which Black/White multiracial students develop their sense of belonging at a predominantly White institution (PWI). While codeswitching has the ability to impact the sense of belonging in racial and ethnic minority groups, our study findings suggest that Black/White multiracial students tend to rely on chronic codeswitching as ways of seeking acceptance, balancing “otherness” and carefully minimizing exclusion when interacting with members of different social groups. Chronic codeswitching is particularly relevant as an everyday strategy in how Black/White multiracial students foster their sense of belonging and a sense of community. Research and practice implications are included.

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Hogue, Timothy. "Return from Exile: Diglossia and Literary Code-Switching in Ezra 1–7." Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 130, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaw-2018-1005.

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Zusammenfassung: Bisherige rhetorische Analysen des Sprachwechsels im Buch Esra wurden durch ihre Fokussierung auf die Zweisprachigkeit beschränkt. Diese Studie wird einen neuen Ansatz für die Poetik von Esr 1–7 angesichts der neueren soziolinguistischen Forschungen über Diglossie und Sprachideologie vorschlagen. Der Schriftsteller von Esra hat literarisches Codeswitching benutzt, um kontrastierende Sprachvarietäten, die besondere ideologische Haltungen vorgeschlagen haben, nebeneinander zu stellen. Durch den Wechsel zwischen Hebräisch, Reichsaramäisch und einer aramäischen Landessprache hat der Schriftsteller eine literarische Reflexion der Diglossie, die das achämenidische Juda charakterisiert hat, erstellt. Er hat sein Codeswitching geordnet, um den Übergang der Judäer von einer Diasporagemeinde in eine stabilisierte Minderheit und die ideologischen Gespräche, die mit diesem Übergang einhergegangen sind, zu spiegeln. Dabei hat er sprachliche Bezugspunkte für das Publikum gestellt, um sich in diesen Gesprächen zu projizieren. Das Codeswitching des Schriftstellers spiegelt also die Rückkehr des Judäers aus dem Exil und lädt das Publikum ein, ihr neues symbolisches Vaterland zu akzeptieren.

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Crutchley, Alison Claire. "Bilingual compound verbs in children’s Panjabi-English codeswitched narratives." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 2–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.1.01cru.

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Bilingual compound verbs (BCVs) are documented in various languages and are common in codeswitching between English and South Asian languages. It has been suggested that BCVs have no monolingual equivalent, and are generated by a ‘third system’ independent of the two languages. BCVs have also been cited as evidence of language convergence, and as a strategy employed by dominant bilinguals to circumvent lexical gaps in one language. BCVs were common in narratives from four to six-year-old Panjabi-English children in Huddersfield, UK. BCVs are argued to be based on analogy with Panjabi monolingual compound verbs, and to be unrelated to language convergence or language dominance. Instead, BCV use relates to two types of codeswitching in the data: one utilising the simplest structures from both languages, the other drawing more fully on the two languages’ grammatical resources. It is suggested that BCVs enable children with limited overall bilingual competence to ‘do codeswitching’.

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Wu, Yong. "Whether Codeswitching can Project Identity? —Relationship between Codeswitching and Identity among Malaysian Chinese University Students." Advances in Literary Study 09, no. 02 (2021): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/als.2021.92011.

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Yevudey, E. "The pedagogic relevance of codeswitching in the classroom: Insights from Ewe-English codeswitching in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v2i2.1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Codeswitching'

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