Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coder

Academic literature on the topic 'Coder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Coder"

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Peter, Jochen, and Edmund Lauf. "Reliability in Cross-National Content Analysis." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 4 (December 2002): 815–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900404.

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Cross-national assessment of coding reliability and its methodological problems have largely been neglected. In an exploratory first study and a more elaborate second study, we investigated how coder characteristics such as language skills, political knowledge, coding experience, and coding certainty affected inter-coder and coder-trainer reliability. The second study showed that language skills influenced both reliability types, albeit mediated by coding certainty. Politically knowledgeable coders coded more reliably, while coding experience did not affect reliability. Overall, the results suggest that cross-national researchers pay more attention to cross-national assessment of reliability.
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Lei, Guo Wei, Yuan An Liu, and Xue Fang Xiao. "Threaded Space Time Code Design for CPM with Joint Decoding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.847.

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In the letter, a system of continuous phase modulation (CPM) with threaded space time codes (TSTC) is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output systems. In the system, source bits are coded via outer coder of Reed Solomon (RS). The codeword of which is suitable for TSTC design. Then inner coder mainly converts binary symbols into M-ary symbols for purpose of CPM. At receiver, Joint soft decoding approach is considered. Finally simulation results are provided for VBLAST, DBLAST, and TSTC as comparison.
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Painczyk, Heinrich, Sharief Hendricks, and Wilbur Kraak. "Intra and inter-reliability testing of a South African developed computerised notational system among Western Province Club Rugby Coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (September 4, 2018): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118796368.

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The coach’s role is to enhance the performance of players through observing the performance, evaluating the performance, providing feedback on the performance and then implementing appropriate interventions to improve the performance. In coaching environments specifically, there can only be confidence in the data generated from computerised notational systems if the system provides reliable information and statistics. There are many systems on the market that are being utilised by amateur club rugby coaches and performance analysts; yet only a few have been tested for reliability. The aim of the study is to firstly, determine the inter- and intra-coder reliability of a South African developed computerised notational systems and secondly, to compare the coding proficiency of Western Province Rugby Union club coaches versus an experienced coder. Five club coaches with no prior experience of computerised notational systems or coding and one experienced coder participated in the study. The participants ( n = 6) each coded five international rugby matches and re-coded two of these matches to determine the intra-coder reliability. The reliability between the different coding agreements was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistic (К). The study revealed a good inter-coder agreement for all the performance indicators (К = 0.79) with the strongest agreement being for the set pieces (К = 0.93). Very good intra-coder reliability was also revealed for all the coders; there was a mean of К = 0.82. Comparing the club coach’s coding to the experienced coder showed a good mean agreement of К = 0.77. The study concluded that the EncodeProRX is a reliable computerised notational systems that can be accurately and consistently used in club rugby set-up.
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Cox, Melanna F., Greg J. Petrucci, Robert T. Marcotte, Brittany R. Masteller, John Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson, and John R. Sirard. "A Novel Video-Based Direct Observation System for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children and Young Adults." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0015.

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Purpose: Develop a direct observation (DO) system to serve as a criterion measure for the calibration of models applied to free-living (FL) accelerometer data. Methods: Ten participants (19.4 ± 0.8 years) were video-recorded during four, one-hour FL sessions in different settings: 1) school, 2) home, 3) community, and 4) physical activity. For each setting, 10-minute clips from three randomly selected sessions were extracted and coded by one expert coder and up to 20 trained coders using the Observer XT software (Noldus, Wageningen, the Netherlands). The coder defines each whole-body movement which was further described with three modifiers: 1) locomotion, 2) activity type, and 3) MET value (used to categorize intensity level). Percent agreement was calculated for intra- and inter-rater reliability. For intra-rater reliability, the criterion coder coded all 12 clips twice, separated by at least one week between coding sessions. For inter-rater reliability, coded clips by trained coders were compared to the expert coder. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) were calculated to assess the agreement of intensity category for intra- and inter-rater comparisons described above. Results: For intra-rater reliability, mean percent agreement ranged from 91.9 ± 3.9% to 100.0 ± 0.0% across all variables in all settings. For inter-rater reliability, mean percent agreement ranged from 88.2 ± 3.5% to 100.0 ± 0.0% across all variables in all settings. ICCs for intensity category ranged from 0.74–1.00 and 0.81–1.00 for intra- and inter-rater comparisons, respectively. Conclusion: The DO system is reliable and feasible to serve as a criterion measure of FL physical activity in young adults to calibrate accelerometers, subsequently improving interpretation of surveillance and intervention research.
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Beresford, Melissa, Amber Wutich, Margaret V. du Bray, Alissa Ruth, Rhian Stotts, Cindi SturtzSreetharan, and Alexandra Brewis. "Coding Qualitative Data at Scale: Guidance for Large Coder Teams Based on 18 Studies." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692210758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221075860.

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We outline a process for using large coder teams (10 + coders) to code large-scale qualitative data sets. The process reflects experience recruiting and managing large teams of novice and trainee coders for 18 projects in the last decade, each engaging a coding team of 12 (minimum) to 54 (maximum) coders. We identify four unique challenges to large coder teams that are not presently discussed in the methodological literature: (1) recruiting and training coders, (2) providing coder compensation and incentives, (3) maintaining data quality and ensuring coding reliability at scale, and (4) building team cohesion and morale. For each challenge, we provide associated guidance. We conclude with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of large coder teams for qualitative research and provide notes of caution for anyone considering hiring and/or managing large coder teams for research (whether in academia, government and non-profit sectors, or industry).
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Antini, Carmen, Danuta Rajs, María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada, Boris Andrés Lucero Mondaca, and Gerardo Heiss. "Reliability of cause of death coding: an international comparison." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 7 (July 2015): 1473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00099814.

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This study evaluates the agreement of nosologic coding of cardiovascular causes of death between a Chilean coder and one in the United States, in a stratified random sample of death certificates of persons aged ≥ 60, issued in 2008 in the Valparaíso and Metropolitan regions, Chile. All causes of death were converted to ICD-10 codes in parallel by both coders. Concordance was analyzed with inter-coder agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient by level of specification ICD-10 code for the underlying cause and the total causes of death coding. Inter-coder agreement was 76.4% for all causes of death and 80.6% for the underlying cause (agreement at the four-digit level), with differences by the level of specification of the ICD-10 code, by line of the death certificate, and by number of causes of death per certificate. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.68-0.84) for the underlying cause and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.74-0.77) for the total causes of death. In conclusion, causes of death coding and inter-coder agreement for cardiovascular diseases in two regions of Chile are comparable to an external benchmark and with reports from other countries.
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Subotin, Michael, and Anthony R. Davis. "A method for modeling co-occurrence propensity of clinical codes with application to ICD-10-PCS auto-coding." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (February 17, 2016): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv201.

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Abstract Objective Natural language processing methods for medical auto-coding, or automatic generation of medical billing codes from electronic health records, generally assign each code independently of the others. They may thus assign codes for closely related procedures or diagnoses to the same document, even when they do not tend to occur together in practice, simply because the right choice can be difficult to infer from the clinical narrative. Methods We propose a method that injects awareness of the propensities for code co-occurrence into this process. First, a model is trained to estimate the conditional probability that one code is assigned by a human coder, given than another code is known to have been assigned to the same document. Then, at runtime, an iterative algorithm is used to apply this model to the output of an existing statistical auto-coder to modify the confidence scores of the codes. Results We tested this method in combination with a primary auto-coder for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes, achieving a 12% relative improvement in F -score over the primary auto-coder baseline. The proposed method can be used, with appropriate features, in combination with any auto-coder that generates codes with different levels of confidence. Conclusions The promising results obtained for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes suggest that the proposed method may have wider applications in auto-coding.
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El-Hageen, Hazem M., Aadel M. Alatwi, and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. "Laser measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum of data transmission error rates." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1406-1412.

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<p> </p><p>The present study has outlined laser-measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum data transmission error rates. Various modulation transmission coders are employed, such as a pulse position modulation coder, a differential pulse intensity modulation coder, and a four band/five band modulation transmission coder, in order to create optimized data rates of up to 40 GB/s for a fiber extension length of up to 100 km. This study has emphasized the important role of pulse position modulation transmission coders, which exhibit superior performance in max. Q parameter and min. data error rates, even for high data rate transmission. </p>
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Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Joshua Krusell, Juraj Medzihorsky, Josefine Pernes, Svend-Erik Skaaning, et al. "The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy” (V-Dem)1." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 143, no. 1 (July 2019): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106319854989.

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This article describes and discusses the new generation of methodological responses to measuring democracy and related issues generated by Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem). V-Dem is distinct in several regards in addition to its unique level of disaggregation, by the combination of: historical data extending back to 1900 and for a large selection among them to 1789 for many countries in the world; use of multiple, independent coders for each evaluative question; inter-coder reliability tests incorporated into a custom designed Bayesian item-response theory measurement model; provision of confidence bounds for all point estimates associated with expert-coded questions as well as for all indices; multiple indices reflecting varying theories of democracy; fully transparent aggregation procedures; and that all data are made freely available, including original coder-level judgments (exclusive of any personal identifying information).
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KUMARI, R. SHANTHA SELVA, R. SURIYA PRABHA, and V. SADASIVAM. "ECG SIGNAL CODING USING BIORTHOGONAL WAVELET-BASED BURROWS–WHEELER CODER." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 09, no. 02 (March 2011): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691311004079.

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Wavelets are the powerful tool for signal processing especially bio-signal processing. Wavelet transform is used to represent the signal to some other time frequency representation better suited for detecting and removing redundancies. In this paper, electrocardiogram (ECG) signal coding using biorthogonal wavelet-based Burrows–Wheeler Coder is discussed. Biorthogonal wavelet transform is used to decompose the ECG signal. Then the Burrows–Wheeler Coder is applied in order to compress the decomposed ECG signal. The Burrows–Wheeler Coder is the combination of Burrows–Wheeler Transformation (BWT), Move-to-Front (MTF) coder and Huffman coder. Compression Ratio (CR) and Percent Root mean square Difference (PRD) are used as performance measures. ECG signals/records from MIT-BIH arrhythmic database are used to evaluate the performance of this coder. This algorithm is tested with 25 different records from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and obtained the average PRD as 0.0307% to 3.8706% for the average CR of 3.6362 : 1 to 280.48 : 1. For record 117, the CR of 8.1638 : 1 is achieved with PRD 0.1652%. This experimental results show that this coder outperforms other coders such as Djohn, EZW, SPIHT, Novel algorithm etc. that exist in the literature in terms of coding efficiency and computation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coder"

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Asteborg, Marcus. "Flexible Audio Coder." Thesis, KTH, Ljud- och bildbehandling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55344.

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As modern communications networks are heterogeneous and, therefore, highly variable, the design of source coders should reflect this network variability. It is desired that source coders are able to adapt instantly to any bit-rate constraint. Source coders that possess this property offer coding flexibility that facilitates optimal utilization of the available communication channel within a heterogeneous network. Flexible coders are able to utilize feedback information and therefore perform an instant re-optimization. This property implies that flexible audio coders are better suited for networks with high variability due to the fact a single configuration of the flexible coder can operate at continuum of bit-rates. The aim of the thesis is to implement a flexible audio coder in a real-time demonstrator (VoIP application) that facilitates instant re-optimization of the flexible coding scheme. The demonstrator provides real-time full-duplex communications over a packet network and the operating bit-rate may be adjusted on the fly. The coding performance of the flexible audio coding scheme should remain comparable to non-flexible schemes optimized at their operating bitrates. The report provides a background for the thesis work and describes the real-time implementation of the demonstrator. Finally, test results are provided. The coder is evaluated by means of a subjective MUSHRA test. The performance of the flexible audio coder is compared to relevant state-of-the-art codecs.
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Tong, Henry Hoi-Yu. "A perceptually adaptive JPEG coder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29417.pdf.

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Madour, Lila. "A low-delay code excited linear prediction speech coder at 8 kbit/s /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68042.

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The goal of this thesis is to design a high quality low-delay 8 kb/s speech coder. This research is motivated by the need of the telecommunication industries to standardize a high quality, low-delay and low rate speech coder. To meet these requirements, we use a coder based on code-existed linear prediction. To meet the demands of high quality and low bit rate, a vector quantizer is used to code the excitation signal. To meet the low-delay requirement, a backward adaptation technique of the synthesis filters is used. The focus of the research is on comparing different pitch synthesis filters in the CELP coder. From the three-order pitch synthesis filter, the first-order integer delay pitch synthesis filter and the first-order fractional delay pitch synthesis filter that are experimented in this research, the latter produces the best quality.
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Choy, Eddie L. T. "Waveform interpolation speech coder at 4 kbs." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20901.

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Speech coding at bit rates near 4 kbps is expected to be widely deployed in applications such as visual telephony, mobile and personal communications. This research focuses on developing a speech coder based on the waveform interpolation (WI) scheme, with an attempt to deliver near toll-quality speech at rates around 4 kbps. A WI coder has been simulated in floating-point using the C programming language. The high performance of the WI model has been confirmed by subjective listening tests in which the unquantized coder outperforms the 32 kbps G.726 standard (ADPCM) 98% of the time under clean input speech conditions; the reconstructed speech is perceived to be essentially indistinguishable from the original. When fully quantized, the speech quality of the WI coder at 4.25 kbps has been judged to be equivalent to or better than that of G.729 (the ITU-T toll-quality 8 kbps standard) for 45% of the test sentences. Further refinements of the quantization techniques are warranted to bring the coder closer to the toll-quality benchmark. Yet, the existing implementation has produced good quality coded speech with a high degree of intelligibility and naturalness when compared to the conventional coding schemes operating in the neighbourhood of 4 kbps.
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De, Aloknath. "Auditory distortion measures for speech coder evaluation." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41270.

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One of the important research problems in the area of speech coding is to determine the sound quality of coded speech signals. This quality can best be evaluated by a subjective assessment which is often difficult to administer and time consuming. An objective measure which is consistent with subjective assessment could play a vital role in the evaluation as well as in the design of a low bit-rate speech coder. In this dissertation, we introduce two distortion measures for speech coder evaluation. Since the perceptual abilities of a human being determine the precision with which speech data must be processed, we consider the details of cochlear (inner ear) and other auditory processing. Using Lyon's auditory model, the time-domain signal is mapped onto a perceptual-domain (PD). Any speech utterance is communicated to the brain through a series of all-or-none electrical spikes (firings) and the PD representation provides information pertaining to the probability-of-firings in the neural channels. Our first measure, namely the cochlear discrimination information (CDI), evaluates the cross-entropy of the neural firings for the coded speech with respect to those for the original one. With this measure, we also compute the rate-distortion function determining the lowest bit-rate required for a specified amount of distortion. In the second measure, namely the cochlear hidden Markovian (CHM) measure, we attempt to capture the high-level processing in the brain with simple hidden Markov models (HMMs). We characterize the firing events by HMMs where the order of occurrence of PD observations and correlations among adjacent observations are modeled suitably. For computing the coder distortion, the PD observations of the coded speech are matched against the HMMs derived from the PD observations of the original speech. Experimental results show that these measures conform to subjective evaluation results in majority of the cases. Finally, the introduced measures are also app
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Unno, Takahiro. "An improved mixed excitation linear predicitive (MELP) coder." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13270.

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Chai, Shan, and shan chai@optusnet com au. "Performance Evaluation of Perceptually Lossless Medical Image Coder." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080205.120648.

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Medical imaging technologies offer the benefits of faster and accurate diagnosis. When the medical imaging combined with the digitization, they offer the advantage of permanent storage and fast transmission to any geographical location. However, there is a need for efficient compression algorithms that alleviate the taxing burden of both large storage space and transmission bandwidth requirements. The Perceptually Lossless Medical Image Coder is a new image compression technique. It provides a solution to challenge of delivering clinically critical information in the shortest time possible. It embeds the visual pruning into the JPEG 2000 coding framework to achieve the optimal compression without losing the visual integrity of medical images. However, the performance of the PLMIC under certain medical image operation is still unknown. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of the PLMIC by applying linear, quadratic and cubic standard and centered B-spline interpolation filters. In order to evaluate the visual performance, a subjective assessment consisting of 30 medical images and 6 image processing experts was conducted. The perceptually lossless medical image coder was compared to the state-of-the-art JPEG-LS compliant LOCO and NLOCO image coders. The results have shown overall, there were no perceivable differences of statistical significance when the medical images were enlarged by a factor of 2. The findings of the thesis may help the researchers to further improve the coder. Additionally, it may also notify the radiologists the performance of the PLMIC coder to help them with correct diagnosis.
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Choy, Eddie L. T. "Waveform interpolation speech coder at 4 kb/s." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0028/MQ50596.pdf.

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Neumeyer, Leonardo G. (Leonardo Gabriel) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "A low-delay backward-adaptive CELP speech coder." Ottawa, 1990.

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Hardwick, John C. (John Clark). "A 4.8 Kbps multi-band excitation speech coder." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14751.

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Books on the topic "Coder"

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder. Montgomery, Al: Unicor Medical, 1994.

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Inc, Unicor Medical, ed. Easy coder. 2nd ed. Montgomery, AL: Unicor Medical, Inc., 2010.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder. Montgomery, Al: Unicor Medical, 1996.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder. Montgomery, Al: Unicor Medical, 1997.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder. Montgomery, Al: Unicor Medical, 1995.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder ENT. Montgomery, AL: Unicor Medical, 1995.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder optometry. 2nd ed. Montgomery, AL: Unicor Medical, 2003.

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Gunderloy, Mike. Coder to Developer. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder cardiology. Montgomery, AL: Unicor Medical, 1995.

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Tanaka, Paul K. Easy coder urology. Montgomery, AL: Unicor Medical, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coder"

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Weik, Martin H. "voice coder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1901. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20889.

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Moreau, Nicolas. "A Speech Coder." In Tools for Signal Compression, 163–72. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616611.ch10.

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Moreau, Nicolas. "A Music Coder." In Tools for Signal Compression, 173–94. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616611.ch11.

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Weik, Martin H. "matching voice coder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 983. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_11161.

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Weik, Martin H. "voice-operated coder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1903. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20914.

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Weik, Martin H. "video coder-decoder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1890. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20768.

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Wiegand, Thomas, and Bernd Girod. "Rate-Constrained Coder Control." In Multi-Frame Motion-Compensated Prediction for Video Transmission, 21–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1487-9_2.

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Weik, Martin H. "pattern-matching voice coder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1240. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13733.

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Geers, Kenneth. "Coder, Hacker, Soldier, Spy." In Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18302-2_5.

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Weik, Martin H. "analog-to-digital coder." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_641.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coder"

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Serrar, Ouafae, Fakhita Regragui, and Ahmed Tamtaoui. "Scalable video coder combined with multiplexed codes." In 2009 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmcs.2009.5256683.

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Withers, D. "The ELS-coder: a rapid entropy coder." In Proceedings DCC '97. Data Compression Conference. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcc.1997.582144.

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Mason-Blakley, Fieran, Jens Janke-Weber, Melanie Tory, and Cliff McCollum. "Visual coder." In the ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1882992.1883117.

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Lü, Hao, and Yang Li. "Gesture coder." In the 2012 ACM annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208693.

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Yoo, Hongseok, and Dongkyun Kim. "C2-CODER." In the 2013 Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2513228.2513307.

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Sreelekha, G., and Prashant G. Koparde. "Perceptual video coder incorporating wavelet based Intra frame coder." In 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccct.2010.5640534.

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Tagliasacchi, Marco, Marco Visentini-Scarzanella, Pier Luigi Dragotti, and Stefano Tubaro. "Transform coder identification." In ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638773.

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Noikaew, Nopphol, and Orachat Chitsobhuk. "Fast MQ-Coder." In Modelling, Identification and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.801-021.

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Wong, Ping W. "Multiscale image coder." In EI 92, edited by James R. Sullivan, Benjamin M. Dawson, and Majid Rabbani. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.58312.

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Choi, David S., Sos S. Agaian, and Joseph P. Noonan. "Hybrid subband coder." In Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), edited by C. C. Jay Kuo, Shih-Fu Chang, and Sethuraman Panchanathan. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.325843.

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Reports on the topic "Coder"

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Nagra, Michael S. Improving Provider Productivity: Impact of Coder-Coaches on Provider Documentation and Coding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473582.

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Senecal, J. Design and Implementation of an In?Cache Archival Entropy Coder for the Sonoma Persistent Surveillance System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945859.

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Nelson, Gena. Proportional Reasoning Interventions in Special Education Synthesis Coding Protocol. Boise State University, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped136.boisestate.

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The purpose of document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code nine group and single case design intervention studies focused on proportional reasoning interventions for students (grades 5-9) with learning disabilities (LD) or mathematics difficulty (MD). The studies yielded intervention effects ranging from g = −0.10 to 1.87 and from Tau-U = 0.88 to 1.00. We coded all of the studies for variables in the following categories: study information, intervention features, dependent measures, participant demographics, LD and MD criteria and definitions, instructional content, study results, and quality indicators for group and single case design. The study quality indicator coding portion of this coding protocol was adapted from Gersten et al. (2005) and Horner et al. (2005). This code book contains variable names, code options, and code definitions. The mean interrater reliability across all codes using this protocol was 91% (range across categories = 82%–96%). The publication associated with this coding protocol is Nelson et al. (2020).
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Nelson, Gena. Special Education Math Interventions. Boise State University, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped_facpubs/133/boisestate.

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The purpose of document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 22 mathematics intervention meta-analyses focused on participants with or at-risk of disabilities. The author drafted this coding protocol based on the meta-analysis quality indicators recommended by Talbott et al. (2018, pp. 248–249); specifically, the author considered the variables presented in Table 1 of Talbott et al. and supplemented the information so that the variables and definitions were specific to the purpose of this systematic review. We coded each meta-analysis for 53 variables across eight categories, including: Quality of Clear Research Questions, Quality of Eligibility Criteria, Quality of Search Procedures, Quality of Screening Criteria, Quality of Coding Procedures, Quality of Research Participants and Contexts, Quality of Data Analysis Plan, and Quality of Reporting Results. The mean interrater reliability across all codes using this protocol was 87.8% (range across categories = 74% –100%).
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Macula, Anthony, and Morgan Bishop. Superimposed Code Theoretic Analysis of DNA Codes and DNA Computing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477311.

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Nelson, Gena. High Leverage Practices in Special Education Synthesis Coding Protocol. Boise State University, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped134.boisestate.

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The purpose of document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 76 meta-analyses focused on students with or at-risk of disabilities. All of the included meta-analyses provided a summary statistic related to at least one of the High Leverage Practices (HLPs; McLeskey et al., 2017). ). The purpose of the systematic review of meta-analyses was to provide an initial investigation of the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the HLPs for students with, or at-risk for, a disability. This code book contains variable names, code options, and code definitions related to basic study information (i.e., authors, year of publication, journal), the details of each study, participant demographics, HLPs included in each study, and summary statistics. The mean interrater reliability across all codes using this protocol was 88% (range across categories = 84%–97%)
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Nelson, Gena, Angela Crawford, and Jessica Hunt. A Systematic Review of Research Syntheses for Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities and Difficulties. Boise State University, Albertsons Library, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped.143.boisestate.

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The purpose of this document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 36 research syntheses (including meta-analyses, evidence-based reviews, and quantitative systematic reviews) focused on mathematics interventions for students with learning disabilities (LD), mathematics learning disabilities (MLD), and mathematics difficulties (MD). The purpose of the systematic review of mathematics intervention syntheses was to identify patterns and gaps in content areas, instructional strategies, effect sizes, and definitions of LD, MLD, and MD. We searched the literature for research syntheses published between 2000 and 2020 and used rigorous inclusion criteria in our literature review process. We evaluated 36 syntheses that included 836 studies with 32,495 participants. We coded each synthesis for variables across seven categories including: publication codes (authors, year, journal), inclusion and exclusion criteria, content area focus, instructional strategy focus, sample size, methodological information, and results. The mean interrater reliability across all codes using this coding protocol was 90.3%. Although each synthesis stated a focus on LD, MLD, or MD, very few students with LD or MLD were included, and authors’ operational definitions of disability and risk varied. Syntheses predominantly focused on word problem solving, fractions, computer- assisted learning, and schema-based instruction. Syntheses reported wide variation in effectiveness, content areas, and instructional strategies. Finally, our results indicate the majority of syntheses report achievement outcomes, but very few syntheses report on other outcomes (e.g., social validity, strategy use). We discuss how the results of this comprehensive review can guide researchers in expanding the knowledge base on mathematics interventions. The systematic review that results from this coding process is accepted for publication and in press at Learning Disabilities Research and Practice.
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Buck, J. W., and G. L. Andrews. Hanford Meteorological Station computer codes: Volume 1, The GEN computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6330253.

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Buck, J. W., and G. L. Andrews. Hanford Meteorological Station computer codes: Volume 5, The TOWER computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6084593.

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Andrews, G. L., and J. W. Buck. Hanford Meteorological Station computer codes: Volume 2, The PROD computer code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6182392.

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