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Journal articles on the topic 'Coded gaze'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Feuston, Jessica L., and Anne Marie Piper. "Beyond the Coded Gaze." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2, CSCW (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3274320.

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Cheleski, Dominic J., Isabelle Mareschal, Andrew J. Calder, and Colin W. G. Clifford. "Eye gaze is not coded by cardinal mechanisms alone." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1764 (2013): 20131049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1049.

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Gaze is an important social cue in regulating human and non-human interactions. In this study, we employed an adaptation paradigm to examine the mechanisms underlying the perception of another's gaze. Previous research has shown that the interleaved presentation of leftwards and rightwards gazing adaptor stimuli results in observers judging a wider range of gaze deviations as being direct. We applied a similar paradigm to examine how human observers encode oblique (e.g. upwards and to the left) directions of gaze. We presented observers with interleaved gaze adaptors and examined whether adapt

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Toutain, Manon, Marine Malivoir, Pauline Brugaillères, et al. "I Prefer to Look at an Animal Rather than at a Human: Visual Attention of Neurotypical Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) During One-Time First Exposure to an Assistance Dog." Pets 1, no. 3 (2024): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pets1030022.

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Interacting with animals often provides numerous benefits for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One potential explanation for this is that children with ASD exhibit particular visual attention to animals. This study aimed to characterize the visual attention patterns towards humans and animals in children with ASD compared to neurotypical (NT) children during one-time first exposure to an assistance dog. Forty children participated (18 ASD, 22 NT). The interventions were videorecorded. Three categories of visual attention (gaze, glance, and mutual gaze) directed towards assistance

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Pritchett, Lisa M., and Laurence R. Harris. "Perceived touch location is coded using a gaze signal." Experimental Brain Research 213, no. 2-3 (2011): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2713-0.

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Greene, Harold H., and Keith Rayner. "Eye-Movement Control in Direction-Coded Visual Search." Perception 30, no. 2 (2001): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3056.

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Subjects searched for a target among distractors which were arranged randomly or such that each distractor provided information about the relative position of a target. Trials were presented either in a blocked design (so that the subjects knew a priori the contextual information in the display) or in a mixed design. When the distractors provided information about target position, there were (i) shorter manual RTs, (ii) fewer fixations made in search of the target, (iii) longer mean fixation durations, (iv) shorter initial fixation durations, (v) shorter mean gaze shifts, (vi) a smaller area o

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Krombholc, Viktorija. "WITH SHINING EYES: WATCHING AND BEING WATCHED IN SARAH WATERS’S "TIPPING THE VELVET"." Годишњак Филозофског факултета у Новом Саду 40, no. 1 (2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/gff.2015.1.151-162.

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The aim of this paper is to explore the dynamics of looking and being looked at in Sarah Waters’s Tipping the Velvet. The analysis is theoretically framed by feminist film theory and the concept of the male gaze. According to Laura Mulvey, classic narrative cinema reflects social views on sexual difference and reaffirms the active male/passive female binary. The novel raises the issue of what happens with the gaze when the protagonists are non- heteronormative, a question further made complex by the theme of cross-dressing, which destabilizes visual gender coding and makes it unreliable. The f

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Calder, Andrew J., Rob Jenkins, Anneli Cassel, and Colin W. G. Clifford. "Visual representation of eye gaze is coded by a nonopponent multichannel system." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137, no. 2 (2008): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.244.

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Jones, Stephanie A. H., and Denise Y. P. Henriques. "Memory for proprioceptive and multisensory targets is partially coded relative to gaze." Neuropsychologia 48, no. 13 (2010): 3782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.001.

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McDonough, Kim, Dustin Crowther, Paula Kielstra, and Pavel Trofimovich. "Exploring the potential relationship between eye gaze and English L2 speakers’ responses to recasts." Second Language Research 31, no. 4 (2015): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315589656.

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This exploratory study investigated whether joint attention through eye gaze was predictive of second language (L2) speakers’ responses to recasts. L2 English learners ( N = 20) carried out communicative tasks with research assistants who provided feedback in response to non-targetlike (non-TL) forms. Their interaction was audio-recorded and their eye gaze behavior was tracked simultaneously using the faceLAB system. Transcripts were coded for characteristics of the feedback episodes (linguistic target, feedback type, intonation, prosody) and types of response (no opportunity, no reformulation

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Rai, Yashas, and Patrick Le Callet. "Do gaze disruptions indicate the perceived quality of non-uniformly coded natural scenes?" Electronic Imaging 2017, no. 14 (2017): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.14.hvei-124.

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Maÿe, Alexander, Raika Rauterberg, and Andreas K. Engel. "Instant classification for the spatially-coded BCI." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0267548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267548.

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The spatially-coded SSVEP BCI exploits changes in the topography of the steady-state visual evoked response to visual flicker stimulation in the extrafoveal field of view. In contrast to frequency-coded SSVEP BCIs, the operator does not gaze into any flickering lights; therefore, this paradigm can reduce visual fatigue. Other advantages include high classification accuracies and a simplified stimulation setup. Previous studies of the paradigm used stimulation intervals of a fixed duration. For frequency-coded SSVEP BCIs, it has been shown that dynamically adjusting the trial duration can incre

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Whyte, James, David W. Eccles, and Maria D. Whyte. "Novice nurses’ attention to task-relevant stimuli during practice." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 13, no. 4 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v13n4p7.

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Objective: Nurses engaged in practice make split-second decisions based on stimuli perceived in the clinical environment. There has been limited research in nursing on stimuli perception and limited research aimed specifically at directly measuring nurses’ gaze and the subsequent quality of their decisions.Methods: This study used an observational descriptive design to examine nurses’ gaze behaviors as they cared for a simulated patient in three different clinical scenarios. Participants were fitted with eye-tracking goggles that facilitated the recording on video of the focal point of their g

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Azhari, Atiqah, Andrea Bizzego, Jan Paolo Macapinlac Balagtas, Kelly Sng Hwee Leng, and Gianluca Esposito. "Asymmetric Prefrontal Cortex Activation Associated with Mutual Gaze of Mothers and Children during Shared Play." Symmetry 14, no. 5 (2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050998.

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Mother–child shared play provides rich opportunities for mutual symmetrical interactions that serve to foster bond formation in dyads. Mutual gaze, a symmetrical behaviour that occurs during direct eye contact between two partners, conveys important cues of social engagement, affect and attention. However, it is not known whether the prefrontal cortical areas responsible for higher-order social cognition of mothers and children likewise exhibit neural symmetry; that is, similarity in direction of neural activation in mothers and children. This study used functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (

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Lee, Joonbum, Mauricio Muñoz, Lex Fridman, Trent Victor, Bryan Reimer, and Bruce Mehler. "Investigating the correspondence between driver head position and glance location." PeerJ Computer Science 4 (February 19, 2018): e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.146.

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The relationship between a driver’s glance orientation and corresponding head rotation is highly complex due to its nonlinear dependence on the individual, task, and driving context. This paper presents expanded analytic detail and findings from an effort that explored the ability of head pose to serve as an estimator for driver gaze by connecting head rotation data with manually coded gaze region data using both a statistical analysis approach and a predictive (i.e., machine learning) approach. For the latter, classification accuracy increased as visual angles between two glance locations inc

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Carnevale, Michael J., Lisa M. Pritchett, and Laurence R. Harris. "The effect of eccentric gaze on tactile localization on areas of the body that cannot be seen." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647351.

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Eccentric gaze systematically biases touch localization on the arm and waist. These perceptual errors suggest that touch location is at least partially coded in a visual reference frame. Here we investigated whether touches to non-visible parts of the body are also affected by gaze position. If so, can the direction of mislocalization tell us how they are laid out in the visual representation? To test this, an array of vibro-tactors was attached to either the lower back or the forehead. During trials, participants were guided to orient the position of their head (90° left, right or straight ah

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Jensen, Kelly, Sassan Noazin, Leandra Bitterfeld, et al. "Autism Detection in Children by Combined Use of Gaze Preference and the M-CHAT-R in a Resource-Scarce Setting." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 51, no. 3 (2021): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04878-0.

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AbstractMost children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video. We evaluated the GP-MCHAT-R, which combines the first 15 s of manually-coded gaze preference (GP) video with M-CHAT-R results on 73 TD children and 28 children with ASD, 36–99 months of age. The GP-MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82–0.

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Constantin, Alina G., Hongying Wang, and J. Douglas Crawford. "Role of Superior Colliculus in Adaptive Eye–Head Coordination During Gaze Shifts." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (2004): 2168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00103.2004.

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The goal of this study was to determine which aspects of adaptive eye–head coordination are implemented upstream or downstream from the motor output layers of the superior colliculus (SC). Two monkeys were trained to perform head-free gaze shifts while looking through a 10° aperture in opaque, head-fixed goggles. This training produced context-dependent alterations in eye–head coordination, including a coordinated pattern of saccade–vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) eye movements that caused eye position to converge toward the aperture, and an increased contribution of head movement to the gaze shi

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Campos, Francisco, Catarina M. Amaro, João P. Duarte, Rui Mendes, and Fernando Martins. "The Gaze Patterns of Group Fitness Instructors Based on Different Levels of Training and Professional Experience." Sports 11, no. 8 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11080153.

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The way in which group fitness instructors observe participants has a great influence on their pedagogical intervention. Based on the above, the main objective of this research is to characterize and compare their gaze patterns according to their training and professional experience. Twenty group fitness instructors of choreographed classes participated, aged between 18 and 42 years old, and for the comparison, four groups were created. Eye movements were captured with TOBII Pro Glasses 3, and data were coded and analyzed using the TOBII Pro Lab software. For the characterization of the gaze p

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Foucault Welles, Brooke, Hanyu Sun, and Peter V. Miller. "Nonverbal Behavior in Face-to-face Survey Interviews: An Analysis of Interviewer Behavior and Adequate Responding." Field Methods 34, no. 1 (2022): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x221075305.

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We examine relationships between interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors and adequate responding in face-to-face survey interviews. We videotaped professional interviewers administering face-to-face survey interviews and coded them for three interviewer nonverbal behaviors: smiling, nodding, and direct gaze. These nonverbal interviewer behaviors were associated with significant increases in the frequency of respondents’ adequate responses. Moreover, the nonverbal behaviors were equally likely to present in standardized and unstandardized utterances. These results suggest that interviewers’ nonverbal

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Ramsdell-Hudock, Heather L., Andrew Stuart, and Douglas F. Parham. "Utterance Duration as It Relates to Communicative Variables in Infant Vocal Development." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 2 (2018): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-17-0117.

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Purpose We aimed to provide novel information on utterance duration as it relates to vocal type, facial affect, gaze direction, and age in the prelinguistic/early linguistic infant. Method Infant utterances were analyzed from longitudinal recordings of 15 infants at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 months of age. Utterance durations were measured and coded for vocal type (i.e., squeal, growl, raspberry, vowel, cry, laugh), facial affect (i.e., positive, negative, neutral), and gaze direction (i.e., to person, to mirror, or not directed). Results Of the 18,236 utterances analyzed, durations were typically

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Munoz, D. P., D. Guitton, and D. Pelisson. "Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tectoreticulospinal system in the head-free cat. III. Spatiotemporal characteristics of phasic motor discharges." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 5 (1991): 1642–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1642.

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1. In this paper we describe the movement-related discharges of tectoreticular and tectoreticulospinal neurons [together called TR (S) Ns] that were recorded in the superior colliculus (SC) of alert cats trained to generate orienting movements in various behavioral situations; the cats' heads were either completely unrestrained (head free) or immobilized (head fixed). TR (S) Ns are organized into a retinotopically coded motor map. These cells can be divided into two groups, fixation TR (S) Ns [f TR (S) Ns] and orientation TR (S) Ns [oTR(S)Ns], depending on whether they are located, respectivel

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Davidson, Judy, and Michelle Helstein. "Queering the Gaze: Calgary Hockey Breasts, Dynamics of Desire, and Colonial Hauntings." Sociology of Sport Journal 33, no. 4 (2016): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0011.

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This paper compares two hockey-related breast-flashing events that occurred in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The first was performed by Calgary Flames fans, the ‘Flamesgirls’, in the 2004 NHL Stanley Cup final, and the second flashing event occurred when members and fans of the Booby Orr hockey team participated in lifting their shirts and jerseys at a lesbian hockey tournament at the 2007 Outgames/Western Cup held in Calgary. We deploy an analysis of visual psychic economies to highlight psychoanalytic framings of masculinized and feminized subject positions in both heteronormative and lesbigay-c

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Lerna, A., D. Esposito, L. Russo, and A. Massagli. "The Efficacy of the PECS for Improving the Communicative, Relational and Social Skills in Children with Autistic Disorder: Preliminary Results." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71177-0.

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The aim in the current study was to investigate the efficacy of the PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) in a sample of children with Autistic Disorder (AD) in the development of the communication, alternating gaze and pointing in children with Autistic Disorder (AD).The sample included 5 children diagnosed with AD (DSM-IV-TR), no verbal language, followed by the team of the Rehabilitation Centre belonging to Scientific Institute “E. Medea”, Association “La Nostra Famiglia” Branch of Ostuni (Italy). The children were tested on their ability with neuropsychiatric, psycholinguistics and

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Bender, Emma, Marie Savundranayagam, Laura Murray, and Joseph Orange. "NONVERBAL STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE PERSON-CENTERED COMMUNICATION WITH PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1874.

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Abstract Many people living with dementia experience difficulties comprehending language, and benefit from nonverbal communication (NVC). Yet, little published empirical evidence exists for care partners regarding NVC strategies that support person-centered communication with perons living with dementia. This study aimed to determine whether NVC strategies used by personal support workers accompany verbal communication demonstrating person-centered communication indicators (facilitation, negotiation, recognition, validation). Secondary data analysis of video-recorded interactions (n=40) betwee

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Grumi, Serena, Elena Capelli, Federica Morelli, et al. "Gaze Orienting in the Social World: An Exploration of the Role Played by Caregiving Vocal and Tactile Behaviors in Infants with Visual Impairment and in Sighted Controls." Brain Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14050474.

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Infant attention is a cognitive function that underlines sensory–motor integration processes at the interface between the baby and the surrounding physical and socio-relational environment, mainly with the caregivers. The investigation of the role of non-visual inputs (i.e., vocal and tactile) provided by the caregivers in shaping infants’ attention in the context of visual impairment is relevant from both a theoretical and clinical point of view. This study investigated the social attention (i.e., gaze orientation) skills in a group of visually impaired (VI) and age-matched sighted controls (

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Munoz, D. P., and D. Guitton. "Control of orienting gaze shifts by the tectoreticulospinal system in the head-free cat. II. Sustained discharges during motor preparation and fixation." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 5 (1991): 1624–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1624.

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1. We recorded from electrophysiologically identified output neurons of the superior colliculus (SC)--tectoreticular and tectoreticulospinal neurons [together called TR(S)Ns]--in the alert cat with head either unrestrained or immobilized. A cat actively exploring its visual surrounds typically makes a series of coordinated eye-head orienting movements that rapidly shift the visual axis from one point to another. These single-step shifts in gaze position (gaze = eye-in-space = eye-in-head + head-in-space) are separated by periods in which the visual axis remains stationary with respect to surro

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Masedu, Francesco, Roberto Vagnetti, Maria Chiara Pino, Marco Valenti, and Monica Mazza. "Comparison of Visual Fixation Trajectories in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development: A Markov Chain Model." Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010010.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition in which visual attention and visual search strategies are altered. Eye-tracking paradigms have been used to detect these changes. In our study, 18 toddlers with ASD and 18 toddlers with typical development (TD; age range 12–36 months) underwent an eye-tracking paradigm where a face was shown together with a series of objects. Eye gaze was coded according to three areas of interest (AOIs) indicating where the toddlers’ gaze was directed: ‘Face’, ‘Object’, and ‘No-stimulus fixation’. The fixation sequence for the ASD and TD groups

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De Meyer, Kris, and Michael W. Spratling. "Multiplicative Gain Modulation Arises Through Unsupervised Learning in a Predictive Coding Model of Cortical Function." Neural Computation 23, no. 6 (2011): 1536–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00130.

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The combination of two or more population-coded signals in a neural model of predictive coding can give rise to multiplicative gain modulation in the response properties of individual neurons. Synaptic weights generating these multiplicative response properties can be learned using an unsupervised, Hebbian learning rule. The behavior of the model is compared to empirical data on gaze-dependent gain modulation of cortical cells and found to be in good agreement with a range of physiological observations. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the model can learn to represent a set of basis functi

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Mbalia, Jendayi, Amari Balton, and Leila Wright. "Beyond the Dress Code." Journal of African American Women and Girls in Education 3, no. 2 (2024): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/jaawge-v3i2a151.

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Historically, Black females have been dehumanized by the policing, hyper-sexualization, and fetishizing of their bodies. This dismissal of their humanness is rooted in enslavement and is perpetuated in society at large, the media, and in schools today. As a result, the bodies of Black girls are under constant gaze and scrutiny. This directly connects to the policing of what they wear and results in them being disproportionately dress coded in their learning spaces. This paper, written in dialogue, shares the insight of two Black, female students, and fifteen other Black female students whom th

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Hasanuzzaman Ansari. "Subversive spaces and regulated desires: The heteronormative gaze in R. Raj Rao’s Hostel Room 131." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2247.

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Constructing a cultural framework, the heteronormative gaze operates as a regulatory force that upholds heterosexuality as the normative ideal, marginalizing and pathologizing non-heteronormative identities. By privileging heterosexuality, it perpetuates binary structures and enforces conformity within public and private spheres. Highlighting the inherent queerness within Indian social structures, R. Raj Rao has always advocated the homosocial fabric that characterizes male relationships in his different texts. Drawing from examples such as Bollywood films like Sholay, Rao illustrates how male

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Mooshagian, Eric, and Lawrence H. Snyder. "Spatial eye–hand coordination during bimanual reaching is not systematically coded in either LIP or PRR." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 16 (2018): E3817—E3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718267115.

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We often orient to where we are about to reach. Spatial and temporal correlations in eye and arm movements may depend on the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Spatial representations of saccade and reach goals preferentially activate cells in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the parietal reach region (PRR), respectively. With unimanual reaches, eye and arm movement patterns are highly stereotyped. This makes it difficult to study the neural circuits involved in coordination. Here, we employ bimanual reaching to two different targets. Animals naturally make a saccade first to one target

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Schwichtenberg, AJ, Ashleigh M. Kellerman, Gregory S. Young, Meghan Miller, and Sally Ozonoff. "Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders: Play behaviors with infant siblings and social responsiveness." Autism 23, no. 4 (2018): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782220.

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Mother–infant interactions are a proximal process in early development and may be especially salient for children who are at risk for social difficulties (i.e. infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder). To inform how indices of maternal behaviors may improve parent-mediated interventions designed to mitigate autism spectrum disorder risk, the present study explored maternal social responsiveness ratings and social behaviors during dyadic play interactions. Dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with autism spectrum disorder (high-risk group, n = 90) o

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Haraped, Lucas, Stefan E. Huber, Walter F. Bischof, and Alan Kingstone. "Looking, pointing, and talking together: How dyads of differential expertise coordinate attention during conversation." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0315728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315728.

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When people discuss something that they can both see, their attention becomes increasingly coupled. Previous studies have found that this coupling is temporally asymmetric (e.g., one person leads and one follows) when dyads are assigned conversational roles (e.g., speaker and listener). And while such studies have focused on the coupling of gaze, there is also evidence that people use their hands to coordinate attention. The present study uses a visual task to expand on this past work in two respects. First, rather than assigning conversational roles, participants’ background knowledge was man

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Pritchett, Lisa M., Michael J. Carnevale, and Laurence R. Harris. "Body and gaze centered coding of touch locations during a dynamic task." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648242.

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We have previously reported that head position affects the perceived location of touch differently depending on the dynamics of the task the subject is involved in. When touch was delivered and responses were made with head rotated touch location shifted in the opposite direction to the head position, consistent with body-centered coding. When touch was delivered with head rotated but response was made with head centered touch shifted in the same direction as the head, consistent with gaze-centered coding. Here we tested whether moving the head in-between touch and response would modulate the

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Vadathya, Anil Kumar, Salma Musaad, Alicia Beltran, et al. "An Objective System for Quantitative Assessment of Television Viewing Among Children (Family Level Assessment of Screen Use in the Home-Television): System Development Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 1 (2022): e33569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33569.

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Background Television viewing among children is associated with developmental and health outcomes, yet measurement techniques for television viewing are prone to errors, biases, or both. Objective This study aims to develop a system to objectively and passively measure children’s television viewing time. Methods The Family Level Assessment of Screen Use in the Home-Television (FLASH-TV) system includes three sequential algorithms applied to video data collected in front of a television screen: face detection, face verification, and gaze estimation. A total of 21 families of diverse race and et

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Masataka, Nobuo. "The relation between index-finger extension and the acoustic quality of cooing in three-month-old infants." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 2 (1995): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009776.

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ABSTRACTFourteen full-term, healthy, three-month-old infants were observed during a total of 15 minutes spontaneous face-to-face interaction with their mothers. Facial and manual actions, gaze direction and vocalizations were coded. The infants' cooing vocalizations were categorized into syllabic and vocalic sounds. Index-finger extension occurred frequently in sequence with syllabic sounds, which are speech-like vocalizations, but rarely occurred in sequence with vocalic sounds. No other categories of nonvocal behaviours showed such a relationship. In a subsequent experiment, the infants expe

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O'Hanlon, Ann, Therese Mendez, and Melissa Morrissette. "Gender Codes and Aging: Comparison of Features in Two Women's Magazines." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1039.

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Abstract Magazines and other media promote beauty standards and gender roles in feature articles and advertising. Publications present idealized images of women often in contrast to the average reader’s appearance. Analyses of such images suggest gender roles are reinforced through subtle cues embedded in hand gestures, eye gaze, head posture, and body position (Goffman, 1976). This study analyzed a recurrent feature in two different magazine presenting an idealized standard of aging to mature women. The first magazine, MORE, featured mature women, typically between the ages of 40 and 60, with

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Pillai, Meena T. "‘Camera Obscura’ to ‘Camera Dentata’: Women Directors and the Politics of Gender in Malayalam Cinema." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620939330.

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This article examines women directors in Malayalam cinema as historical subjects, looking at the manner in which they place themselves within Kerala’s cultural semiotics and its popular imaginary, disrupting or legitimising an illusion coded to the measure of gender desires and differences within its semiosphere. The logic of commercial cinema demands that women directors fall in sync with the representative politics of the male gaze and a capitalist libidinal economy, seducing women into passive codes of femininity and aligning men within the registers of a hegemonic masculinity, in effect fo

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Lai, Philip To. "Expressivity in children with autism and Williams syndrome." Advances in Autism 6, no. 4 (2020): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-11-2019-0044.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the social and affective aspects of communication in school-age children with HFA and school-age children with WS using a micro-analytic approach. Social communication is important for success at home, school, work and in the community. Lacking the ability to effectively process and convey information can lead to deficits in social communication. Individuals with high functioning autism (HFA) and individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) often have significant impairments in social communication that impact their relationships with others. Curr

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Peebles, Stacey. "Lines of Sight: Watching War in Jarhead and My War: Killing Time in Iraq." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (2009): 1662–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1662.

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Jarhead, Anthony Swofford's 2003 memoir of the Persian Gulf War, and My War: Killing Time in Iraq, Colby Buzzell's 2005 memoir of the Iraq War, emphasize the authors' voyeuristic delight in watching war movies before and during their military service. What follows their enthusiastic consumption of “military pornography,” however, is a crisis of nonidentification and a lingering uncertainty about the significance of war in their own lives. Swofford and Buzzell find that the gaze they initially wielded is turned on them, and in response Swofford roils with sexually coded anger and frustration wh

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Yang, Yuqi, Allison Langer, Lauren Howard, Peter J. Marshall, and Jason R. Wilson. "Towards an Ontology for Generating Behaviors for Socially Assistive Robots Helping Young Children." Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series 2, no. 1 (2024): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27674.

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Socially assistive robots (SARs) have the potential to revolutionize educational experiences by providing safe, non-judgmental, and emotionally supportive environments for children's social development. The success of SARs relies on the synergy of different modalities, such as speech, gestures, and gaze, to maximize interactive experiences. This paper presents an approach for generating SAR behaviors that extend an upper ontology. The ontology may enable flexibility and scalability for adaptive behavior generation by defining key assistive intents, turn-taking, and input properties. We compare

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Newlands, Shawn D., and Min Wei. "Tests of linearity in the responses of eye-movement-sensitive vestibular neurons to sinusoidal yaw rotation." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 10 (2013): 2571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00930.2012.

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The rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex in primates is linear and stabilizes gaze in space over a large range of head movements. Best evidence suggests that position-vestibular-pause (PVP) and eye-head velocity (EHV) neurons in the vestibular nuclei are the primary mediators of vestibulo-ocular reflexes for rotational head movements, yet the linearity of these neurons has not been extensively tested. The current study was undertaken to understand how varying magnitudes of yaw rotation are coded in these neurons. Sixty-six PVP and 41 EHV neurons in the rostral vestibular nuclei of 7 awake rhesus

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Matsuda, Noriyuki, and Haruhiko Takeuchi. "Frequent Pattern Mining of Eye-Tracking Records Partitioned into Cognitive Chunks." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101642.

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Assuming that scenes would be visually scanned by chunking information, we partitioned fixation sequences of web page viewers into chunks using isolate gaze point(s) as the delimiter. Fixations were coded in terms of the segments in a5×5mesh imposed on the screen. The identified chunks were mostly short, consisting of one or two fixations. These were analyzed with respect to the within- and between-chunk distances in the overall records and the patterns (i.e., subsequences) frequently shared among the records. Although the two types of distances were both dominated by zero- and one-block shift

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SCHMIDT, CHRIS L., and KATHARINE R. LAWSON. "Caregiver attention-focusing and children's attention-sharing behaviours as predictors of later verbal IQ in very low birthweight children." Journal of Child Language 29, no. 1 (2002): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000901004913.

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Specific relationships between verbal and nonverbal aspects of caregiver attention-focusing events and later verbal IQ were investigated for a risk sample of 26 very low birthweight [VLBW], preterm [PT] children. Videotaped interactions between VLBW, PT children at 2;0 and their caregivers were coded for caregiver attention-focusing speech and/or caregiver attention-focusing gestures (display, demonstration and pointing), caregiver gesture–speech combinations, and for child attention-sharing through gesture and social gaze. To investigate the specific effects of caregiver and child interaction

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Hsieh, Yu-Hsin, Maria Borgestig, Deepika Gopalarao, et al. "Communicative Interaction with and without Eye-Gaze Technology between Children and Youths with Complex Needs and Their Communication Partners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105134.

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Use of eye-gaze assistive technology (EGAT) provides children/youths with severe motor and speech impairments communication opportunities by using eyes to control a communication interface on a computer. However, knowledge about how using EGAT contributes to communication and influences dyadic interaction remains limited. Aim: By video-coding dyadic interaction sequences, this study investigates the impacts of employing EGAT, compared to the Non-EGAT condition on the dyadic communicative interaction. Method: Participants were six dyads with children/youths aged 4–19 years having severe physica

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Grosso, Tamara. "Methodological Issues in Constructing a Typology of Pointing in Signed Languages." Sign Language Studies 25, no. 1 (2024): 132–76. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2024.a950730.

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Abstract: Pointing serves many functions both syntactically and communicatively across signed languages. This study seeks to clarify the use of pointing by surveying signed language descriptions of thirty-one languages. Languages are coded for various attributes of pointing such as anaphoric and deictic use, distance marking, eye gaze patterns, and other attributes commonly associated with pointing. The study finds that all but three signed languages in the sample utilize pointing in sign space for anaphoric reference. Methodological issues with constructing a sample as well as a lack of avail

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Kliewer, Mark A., Michael Hartung, and C. Shawn Green. "The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 11 (January 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_195_2020.

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Objectives: The routine search patterns used by subspecialty abdominal imaging experts to inspect the image volumes of abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) have not been well characterized or rendered in practical or teachable terms. The goal of this study is to describe the search patterns used by experienced subspecialty imagers when reading a normal abdominal CT at a modern picture archiving and communication system workstation, and utilize this information to propose guidelines for residents as they learn to interpret CT during training. Material and Methods: Twenty-two academic subsp

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Kliewer, Mark A., Michael Hartung, and C. Shawn Green. "The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 11 (January 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_195_2020.

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Objectives: The routine search patterns used by subspecialty abdominal imaging experts to inspect the image volumes of abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) have not been well characterized or rendered in practical or teachable terms. The goal of this study is to describe the search patterns used by experienced subspecialty imagers when reading a normal abdominal CT at a modern picture archiving and communication system workstation, and utilize this information to propose guidelines for residents as they learn to interpret CT during training. Material and Methods: Twenty-two academic subsp

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Kaneko, Chris R. S. "Eye Movement Deficits After Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi in Monkeys. I. Saccades and Fixation." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 4 (1997): 1753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1753.

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Kaneko, Chris R. S. Eye movement deficits after ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi in monkeys. I. Saccades and fixation. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1753–1768, 1997. It has been suggested that the function of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (nph) is the mathematical integration of velocity-coded signals to produce position-coded commands that drive abducens motoneurons and generate horizontal eye movements. In early models of the saccadic system, a single integrator provided not only the signal that maintained steady gaze after a saccade but also an efference copy of eye pos

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Hahn, Laura J., Nancy C. Brady, and Theresa Versaci. "Communicative Use of Triadic Eye Gaze in Children With Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 4 (2019): 1509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0155.

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Purpose This study examines differences in the communicative use of triadic eye gaze (TEG) during a communicative interaction in 2 neurodevelopmental disorders: Down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and a 3rd group of varying disabilities associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Also, the relationship between TEG use and language abilities was explored. Method Participants were 45 children, 15 in each group. The frequency of TEG was coded during a scripted communication assessment when children were between 3 and 6 years of age (37–73 months). Recep

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