Relevant bibliographies by topics / Code switching

Academic literature on the topic 'Code switching'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Code switching"

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Faraj, Shakhawan Jalal. "Code Switching and Code Mixing." Journal of University of Human Development 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n4y2018.pp86-97.

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This research Paper under the title (code switching and code_ mixing), we research theories and causes of their occurrence and their different linguistic levels as represented by the examples used among Kurdish – speaking people. In order to establish scientific methodology in the research paper the research is divided into three integrated sections: the first section is dedicated to the reasons and motivations for the code_ switching and code mixing in which we explained the reasons and the linguistic and nonlinguistic motives for the occurrence of this phenomenon. In the second part of the paper marked with code_ switching, we discussed the types of conversion codes and language elements for the conversion of codes. In the third section under the title ‘code_ mixing, we explained the vision and methods of mixing the codes, as well as the methods and structure of code mixing is explained. Finally, we presented the most important results found in the research paper
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Rejeki, Sri, Nida Husna, Alek Alek, and Didin Nuruddin Hidayat. "THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF SWITCHING AND MIXING CODES IN ENGLISH STUDENTS’ ONLINE DISCUSSIONS." Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 8, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v8i2.6161.

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This study aims to discover the switching and mixing code types and their functions that are dominantly used in student online discussions. This research was designed in descriptive-qualitative method by using video recordings and interviews from Pragmatics class of postgraduate degree students as the data sources. The obtained data were then analyzed using Miles and Huberman model of analysis by involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that students frequently switched and mixed codes during the discussions. In this case, ode mixing was dominantly occurred compared to code switching. There were 78 occurrences of code changes in total, with the proportions of 44 mixings and 34 switchings. Dealing with the types, insertion code mixing was found to be the mostly used in the discussions whereas intersentenential switching becomes the least. The phenomena of code switching and mixing in the classroom discussions has various functions, i.e.: for communication strategy, for delivering the meaning, for making clarification of the information, for defining specific terms, and for increasing understanding. This study also reflects the students' positive attitudes toward using switching and mixing codes in classroom discussion activities. It is recommended for further research to ensure the appropriate strategies for the teachers in switching and mixing codes for both offline and online classes.
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Muhartoyo, Muhartoyo, and Vanesha Sharone. "Code Switching and Code Mixing Practised By K-POP Idols Diaspora." Lingua Cultura 17, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v17i2.10399.

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The research discussed K-pop idols as ambassadors for brands, contributing to the global popularity of K-pop as a cultural phenomenon. Given their strong influence and popularity, it was fascinating to discern how K-Pop idols' diaspora communicates with each other. By using the descriptive-qualitative approach with the interpretive-explorative pattern, the research was intended to examine the practice of code-switching and code-mixing by K-pop idols' diaspora during their interaction, to enumerate the code-switching and code-mixing instances, as well as to study the reasons/motivations behind the use of using code-switching and code-mixing. The result of the data analysis confirmed that, like other bilinguals, K-Pop idol's diaspora utilize code switching and code mixing during their interaction for various underlying reasons. It is found that there are 19 inter-sentential switchings, 18 intra-sentential switching, four tag switching, 11 insertion code-mixing, four alternation code-mixing, and six congruent lexicalizations with different reasons or motivations. The research concluded that it is almost inevitable for bilinguals and multilinguals to practice code- switching and code-mixing to navigate language selection during their interaction.
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Piantari, Lusi Lian. "Alih Kode (Code-Switching) Pada Status Jejaring Sosial Facebook Mahasiswa." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v1i1.19.

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Code-switching, a code change in language use, is a language phenomenon in bilingual or multilingual societies.The rapid development of technology causes many language changes also occur in internet including social networking sites such as <em>Facebook</em>. This research is about how the code-switching from <em>Bahasa Indonesia</em> to <em>English</em> is demonstrated in <em>Facebook</em> status of UAI students. The research focuses on the types of code-switching, language patterns, themes, and function of code-switching. Data are code-switched <em>Facebook</em> status analyzed with theories of code-switching by Poplack (1980), Gumperz (1982), and Romaine (2000). This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The result demonstrates the types of code-switchings in <em>Facebook</em> status are inter-sentential and intra-sentential switchings. Both types of code-switchings are expressed in words, phrases, and sentences. Code-switched words are nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Phrases in code-switching are noun, adjective, adverbial, and prepositional phrases. Whereas code-switched sentences found in the <em>Facebook </em>status are single, compound, and complex sentences. The themes in code-switched <em>Facebook</em> status cover the themes related with social, academic, and personal lives of the language users. The functions of code-switching in the analyzed status are to express emotion and particular meanings, to impose specific meanings, and to show language user’s identities.
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Gadet, Françoise. "Code-switching." Journal of Language Contact 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000010792317983.

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Poole, Brian. "Code-switching." System 39, no. 4 (December 2011): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.06.003.

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Bock, Zannie. "Code-switching." Functions of Language 18, no. 2 (October 12, 2011): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.18.2.02boc.

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This article analyses the function that code-switching plays in selected testimonies given at South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission which followed the country’s transition to democracy in 1994. In a number of testimonies, victims of human rights abuse under Apartheid code-switched into Afrikaans when recalling particularly offensive uses of language by the police. Within the code-switching literature, it is well recognised that a speaker’s choice of code, particularly for quoted speech, is a strategy for performing different kinds of local identities which index a range of social meanings and relationships (Álvarez-Cáccamo 1996, Koven 2001). Thus code-switching may serve a complex evaluative function although the meanings it generates are very context-dependent. In order to explore this role in the testimonies in this paper, I use the appraisal theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Martin & White 2005). I argue that on a number of occasions, code-switching into a particular variety of Afrikaans is used by testifiers as a strategy to invoke negative judgement: it has the effect of associating the police with a particular racist ideology and positioning them for our sanction. Further, it works together with other engagement resources to insert a recognisable historical voice into the text, thereby expanding the heteroglossic nature of the discourse while simultaneously allowing the speakers to signal their rejection of that voice and the ideologies it represents. In the current SFL literature, however, code-switching has not been noted as an appraisal resource. In the light of the examples from the TRC testimonies, I argue that, in multilingual contexts, code-switching has the potential to invoke complex evaluative meanings and should be included in the appraisal framework as an evaluative resource.
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Clyne, Michael. "Code switching." Éducation et sociétés plurilingues, no. 35 (December 1, 2013): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/esp.2827.

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Eguía Saldaña, Azálea Belem. "Code-Switching." DICERE, no. 4 (December 6, 2023): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35830/dc.vi4.80.

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Este libro parte de la premisa de que la alternancia de códigos (code-switching, CS) tiene un conjunto de reglas propias, las cuales, como en cualquier idioma, son susceptibles de quebrantarse, por lo que serían probabilísticas no absolutas. El punto medular es esclarecer cuáles son esas reglas. En consonancia, la autora demuestra que el estudio del CS en textos históricos, mediante el modelo del marco de la lengua matriz, puede ser una fuente importante de información para resolver la cuestión.
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Ahmed, Mohamed A. H. "Arabic Codes in Hebrew Texts: On the Typology of Literary Code-switching." Journal of Jewish Languages 4, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340070.

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In the late 1950s, Iraqi Jews were either forced or chose to leave Iraq for Israel. Most Iraqi Jewish authors found it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in Israel and so faced the literary challenge of switching to Hebrew. As bilinguals, Iraqi Jewish novelists have employed Arabic in some of their Hebrew literary works, including strategies of code-switching. Conversational code-switching is traditionally divided into three types: intersentential code-switching, intrasentential code-switching, and tag-switching. Although code-switching in literary texts has its distinct features, research on written code-switching generally follows the typology applied to conversational code-switching. This article focuses on the typology of code-switching in literary texts. It investigates Arabic codes used in three Hebrew novels written by Iraqi Jewish novelists. The article suggests three main types of literary code-switching in view of the mutual relationship between author, text, and reader: Hard-Access, Easy-Access, and Ambiguous Access code-switching.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Code switching"

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Mazrui, Alamin M. "Slang and code-switching:." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-95290.

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Social identity between interlocutors s is an indispensable factor in the formation of a community (i e. a social unit whose members are held together by an international network and who share certain interests, beliefs, views and attitudes) In this regard, language is known to be an influential symbol of identity, an important clue to social group membership. As Einer Haugen states, language is at once `a social institution, like the laws, the religion, or the economy of a community, and a social instrument which accompanies and makes possible all other institutions. As an institution it may become a symbol of the community` (1956:8 7).
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PORTO, RENATA SOBRINO. "CODE-SWITCHING: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9382@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Esta dissertação investiga o fenômeno lingüístico conhecido na literatura em línguas em contato como code-switching, que consiste no uso alternado de dois ou mais códigos por falantes bilíngües ou multilíngües em uma mesma interação conversacional. O estudo desta prática discursiva em diversas línguas tem obtido interesse crescente nas últimas três décadas. Duas abordagens principais prevalecem: sócio-pragmática e sintático-gramatical. Enquanto a primeira se volta aos aspectos sócio-pragmáticos de produção individual, através da categorização, quantificação e análise das funções pragmáticas e motivações sócio-psicológicas subjacentes ao code-switching, a segunda busca formular restrições formais e padrões de ocorrência universais para este comportamento lingüístico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma sistematização e avaliação bibliográfica da literatura internacional em code-switching através da apresentação e caracterização das principais linhas de pesquisa, ressaltando as obras de referência e os caminhos apontados por cada abordagem. A necessidade da apresentação estruturada dos diversos aspectos do code- switching encontradas na literatura sobre línguas em contato se deve ao fato de que a pesquisa sobre este fenômeno é incipiente no Brasil e o acesso ao material é ainda restrito. Esta pesquisa, portanto, busca preencher este espaço e tornar a literatura em code-switching acessível à academia brasileira.
This dissertation investigates the linguistic phenomenon referred to as codeswitching in languages in contact´s literature. Code-switching consists of the alternate use of two or more codes by bilinguals or multilinguals in the same verbal interaction. The study of this discursive practice in several languages has obtained increasing interest in the last three decades. Two main approaches prevail: socio-pragmatic and grammatical-syntactic. Whilst the first approach focuses on the socio-discursive aspects of individual production through the categorization, quantification and analysis of codeswitching pragmatic functions and socio-psychological motivations; the second one intends to formulate formal constraints and patterns of occurrence of this linguistic behavior. The present work aims at presenting a bibliographic systematization and evaluation of the international literature in code- switching through the presentation and characterization of its major research lines, emphasizing the reference works and the directions provided by each approach. The need for the structured presentation of the several aspects of code-switching found in the literature in languages in contact is due to the fact that research on this phenomenon is incipient in Brazil and the access to this material is still restricted. This research, therefore, seeks to fill this gap and make the literature in code-switching accessible to the Brazilian academy.
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Bertoncini, Elena. "Code-switching in an `Utendi´?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-92657.

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In old Swahili tendi and homiletic poems about 50% of vocabulary is of Arabic origin (Bertoncini 1973), and besides single words, they include noun phrases or even whole Arabic sentences. In order to prove my point, I will discuss some verses taken from the Utendi wa Shujaka by one Hasan bin Ali from Lamu. The only extant manuscript of this epic poem in 295 stanzas was brought to Germany in 1854 by Ludwig Krapf and is kept in the Library of the Orientalistic Society in Halle. The poem is written in the Lamu dialect with many archaic features, like the incomplete palatalization of KI, the demonstratives in S- and others. But what is striking is the great amount of Arabic phrases and whole sentences, to the extent that we may perhaps speak of a case of code-switching. In fact, several verses of the poem cannot be understood properly without some knowledge of the main features of Arabic grammar, such as verb conjugation (both perfective and imperfective), verb forms (or classes), active and passive participles, noun inflection (masculine and feminine, broken plurals, construct state), personal, relative and possessive pronouns, prepositions and their combination with enclitic pronouns, numerals, conjunctions and particles, as well as word order.
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Reynolds, Lo Kuk-chuen Sabrina, and 盧菊存. "Code-switching in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31948844.

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Barook, Anette. "Bilingual children and code switching." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32840.

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In this dissertation I have examined bilingual families’ attitudes towards their children’s bilingualism and code switching. My research questions are how and when the informants’ children mix between their languages and if the parents have positive or negative attitudes towards their children’s language mixture. I have also asked what the bilingual families feel about bilingualism. As a method I have chosen to make qualitative interviews with my informants. Three families have been interviewed with different languages and backgrounds. The results indicate that bilingualism confers an increased interest for language and increased language awareness. Some of the informants state that their children often switch between the languages while others do not mix at all. The informants have a very positive attitude towards bilingualism and they do not see a problem in their children’s code switchingMother tongue, code switching, consecutive and sequential bilingualism, majority and minority language
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Reynolds, Lo Kuk-chuen Sabrina. "Code-switching in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12324012.

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Aronsson, Johanna. "Code Switching on Flashback : A Study of Code Switching on an Internet Based Discussion Forum." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26800.

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This essay is a study of how English is used in a Swedish discussion forum called Flashback. The mixing of two languages when speaking or writing is called Code switching. Code switching often occurs in bilingual societies. In Sweden it is possible to say that English is a second language due to the daily encounter with the language through education, but also through different media. The daily encounter with English and the number of English loan words in Swedish might be a reason why code switching exists in Sweden. The material that was analyzed in this essay was collected from Flashback and analyzed with a method based on Sharp’s (2001) study of spoken language. The aim of this study was to see how often and in what way the users on Flashback code switched between Swedish and English. The results showed that even though English was used in the discussion, Swedish was the main language. Most of the code switches that were found in the material occurred in mixed units, in other words English was mixed with Swedish.
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Clapham, Jessica. "Code-switching, pedagogy and transformation : teachers' perceptions of the dynamics of code-switching and bilingual identity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21887.

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This thesis presents the findings from a qualitative investigation into teachers’ use of code-switching in bilingual classrooms in Wales. The results of the 2001 census show a slight increase in the proportion of Welsh speakers in Wales, to 21%. This change, combined with increasing governmental support for the Welsh language, suggests that we may now be entering a period of stable Welsh-English bilingualism for those who speak Welsh. This study builds upon previous research into teachers’ use of code-switching by investigating 6 teachers’ perceptions of code-switching during the research period. It is proposed that teachers’ perceptions and awareness of their bilingual identity, examined through case studies have a central role in the decisions made in the bilingual classroom. Synthesising various approaches to code-switching provides educators with an overview of code-switching and its implications for instruction and the classroom as a community. This study makes an important contribution to the understanding of the dynamics of code-switching at classroom level rather than syntactic level, as there is very little research into the bilingual teaching interface in Wales. Ideally, the findings will contribute to the debate on multilingual practice as a natural and effective means of language teaching as well as a force for intercultural understanding. The author is interested in exploring how far and in what ways teachers are aware of the benefits of code-switching and to raise awareness of the relationship between code choice and wider social factors. The study has two main objectives. Firstly, to investigate how far teachers employ code-switching as a strategy and their reasons for doing so. Secondly, to explore how far, and in what ways, these teachers’ identities undergo a process of transformation as a result of their experiences of the research process. The study provides a number of useful insights into the dynamic interplay between code-switching and learning as a legitimate way of using a shared language to scaffold pupils’ learning. A range of teachers’ perceptions of code-switching were detected and the significance of these findings are discussed. The study provides an insight into perceptions of the functions and rationale for code-switching from a teacher’s perspective, which may contribute to the multilingual turn debate and have pedagogical implications.
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Moyer, Melissa G. "Analysis of code-switching in Gibraltar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4918.

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Larsson, Hanna. "Code-Switching in Chinua Achebe's Novels." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1046.

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The aim of this essay is to point out how Chinua Achebe uses different features of Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) in four of his novels. Firstly, there will be an explanation of the terms code switching and proverb, followed by an overview of Pidgin Languages and Nigerian Pidgin English. This study will then deal with two aspects of code-switching in Achebe’s novels: semantic, which includes intertwined Igbo vocabulary and proverbs; and syntactic, which is a study of Nigerian Pidgin English verb phrase constructions. The study will examine how the Igbo lexicon and proverbs function in the text and if/how it is possible to understand the meaning of the Igbo vocabulary. Further, it will examine how the verb constructions of the NPE dialogues are used and if they follow the norm set up by other linguists, or if Achebe alters their usage according to his own style.

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Books on the topic "Code switching"

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Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Keller, Mareike L. Code-Switching. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34667-6.

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Üstünel, Eda. EFL Classroom Code-Switching. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55844-2.

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Auer, Peter. Code-Switching in Conversation. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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Lesley, Milroy, and Muysken Pieter, eds. One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Rodolfo, Jacobson, and World Congress of Sociology (13th : 1994 : University of Bielefeld), eds. Codeswitching worldwide. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998.

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Schendl, Herbert, and Laura Wright, eds. Code-Switching in Early English. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110253368.

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Isurin, Ludmila, Donald Winford, and Kees de Bot, eds. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.41.

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Code-switching in early English. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011.

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Ludmila, Isurin, Winford Donald, and De Bot Kees, eds. Multidisciplinary approaches to code switching. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Code switching"

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Eastman, Carol M. "Code-switching." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.1.cod1.

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Auer, Peter, and Carol M. Eastman. "Code-switching." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.14.cod1.

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Keller, Mareike L. "Introduction." In Code-Switching, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34667-6_1.

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Keller, Mareike L. "Understanding the Grammar of Mixed Language." In Code-Switching, 11–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34667-6_2.

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Keller, Mareike L. "Early English Code-Switching." In Code-Switching, 39–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34667-6_3.

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Keller, Mareike L. "Code-Switching Across Time and Space." In Code-Switching, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34667-6_4.

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Du, Yi. "Code-Switching." In The Use of First and Second Language in Chinese University EFL Classrooms, 45–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1911-1_3.

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Myers-Scotton, Carol. "Code-switching." In The New Sociolinguistics Reader, 473–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92299-4_33.

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van Hell, Janet G. "Code-Switching." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics, 255–67. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018872-24.

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Myers-Scotton, Carol. "Code-Switching." In The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, 217–37. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405166256.ch13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Code switching"

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Vethanayagam, N., and R. I. MacDonald. "Demonstration of a Novel Optical Code Division Multiplex system at 800 MChips/s." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1991.we5.

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Direct sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) provides a method of exploiting the wide bandwidth offered by optical fibres without the added complexity of wideband electronics. Each data bit is encoded with a code sequence (of N chips) which represents the destination address of each data bit. The correct selection of orthogonal codes allows the data bit destined for a given receiver to be extracted in the presence of noise (i.e., interference from other users in the system). Due to the uni-polar nature of light, coding schemes used in conventional CDMA cannot be applied directly to optical CDMA. Coding schemes have been proposed for optical CDMA [1] [2] but they have a number of limitations which include high bandwidth expansion factors and significant cross-talk levels. These problems can be overcome by employing complementary correlation detection which generates bi-polar electrical signals from received uni-polar optical ones [3]. Correctly selected codes (Alberta codes) are truly orthogonal for complementary correlation detection.
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Rzeszewski, T. S., and A. L. Lentine. "A Photonic Switch Architecture Utilizing Code Division Multiplexing." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1987.fd5.

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Code-Division Multiplexing (CDM) is a technique that can be used in photonic switching architectures. CDM can be used to make each optical input channel orthogonal to every other input channel so that the sum of all the orthogonalized input channels can be presented to a decoder at each output port of the switch. The actual output signal on each port can be selected to be anyone of the input signals by using the appropriate code for selection. This is possible because of the correlation property of an orthogonal code family. ϕ i , and ϕ j are members of the code family that are used to orthogonalize the input bits, and T is the duration of any code sequence and the duration of any input bit. This is the means by which any input signal can be switched to any or all outputs (customers). Therefore, the resultant switch is non-blocking with broadcast capability. The basic structure of a switch that uses an orthogonal code family is shown in Figure 1.
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Song, Kai, Yue Zhang, Heng Yu, Weihua Luo, Kun Wang, and Min Zhang. "Code-Switching for Enhancing." In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1044.

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Weiner, A. M., J. A. Salehi, J. P. Heritage, and M. Stern. "Encoding and Decoding of Femtosecond Pulses for Code-Division Multiple Access." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1989.wds263.

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We demonstrate spreading of femtosecond optical pulses into low intensity pseudo-noise bursts by performing spectral phase encoding. Subsequent decoding of the spectral phases restores the original pulse. Encoding and decoding of coherent ultrashort pulses is proposed as the basis for an ultrahigh-speed code-division multiple-access communications network, and the bit error rate of the proposed network is evaluated as a function of data rate, number of users, code length, and receiver threshold.
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Buulolo, Sokhizato, Ketut Subagia, and Gabriella Christie. "Code Switching and Code Mixing Used in Skinnyindonesian24." In Proceedings of the First International Seminar Social Science, Humanities and Education, ISSHE 2020, 25 November 2020, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-11-2020.2306649.

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Sun, Yu. "Code-Switching for Bilingual Students." In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.191221.072.

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Shehadi, Safaa, and Shuly Wintner. "Identifying Code-switching in Arabizi." In Proceedings of the The Seventh Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop (WANLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.wanlp-1.18.

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Zahid, Ali Z., Feras N. Hasoon, and Sahbudin Shaari. "New code structure for enhanced double weight (EDW) code for spectral amplitude coding OCDMA system." In Optical Transmission, Switching, and Subsystems VI. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.803358.

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Kodama, Takahiro, Akihiro Maruta, Ryo Maruyama, Nobuo Kuwaki, Shoichiro Matsuo, Naoya Wada, Gabriella Cincotti, and Ken-ichi Kitayama. "Mode and Code Division Multiplexing System for Asynchronous Optical Access Network." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.2017.pw3d.1.

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Alawiya, Rizki, Untung Waluyo, and Henny Soepriyanti. "Code Switching and Code Mixing Among Students Islamic School." In 1st Annual Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ACCESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200827.073.

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Reports on the topic "Code switching"

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Kawamitsu, Izumi. Multiple Code Switching in an Okinawan Speech Community: An Ethnographic Perspective. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5980.

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Abdulaziz, Ashour. Code Switching Between Tamazight and Arabic in the First Libyan Berber News Broadcast: An Application of Myers-Scotton's MLF and 4M Models. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1632.

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Hernández, Ana, Magaly Lavadenz, and JESSEA YOUNG. Mapping Writing Development in Young Bilingual Learners. CEEL, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2012.2.

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A growing interest in Two-Way Bilingual Immersion (TWBI) programs has led to increased attention to bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism. This article describes the writing development in Spanish and English for 49 kindergarten students in a 50/50 Two-Way Bilingual Immersion program. Over the course of an academic year, the authors collected writing samples to analyze evidence of cross-linguistic resource sharing using a grounded theoretical approach to compare and contrast writing samples to determine patterns of cross-linguistic resource sharing in English and Spanish. The authors identified four patterns: phonological, syntactic, lexical, and metalinguistic awareness. Findings indicated that emergent writers applied similar strategies as older bilingual students, including lexical level code-switching, applied phonological rules of L1 to their respective L2s, and used experiential and content knowledge to write in their second language. These findings have instructional implications for both English Learners and native English speakers as well as for learning from students for program improvement.
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Morkun, Volodymyr S., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Svitlana M. Hryshchenko, and Kateryna I. Slovak. System of competencies for mining engineers. Видавництво “CSITA”, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/719.

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Topicality of the material, highlighted in this article is stipulated by the need to ensure effectiveness of educational process while preparing mining engineers. System of competencies for future mining engineers, taken as basis for high school sectoral standard for Mining 6.050301 update is theoretically substantiated and developed. Sources of state-of-the-art foreign educational system and technologies as well as scientific research results of local teachers have been analyzed, enabling development of new sectoral standard. Switching to new high school competencies-based sectoral standards is the necessary step in high education reforming in Ukraine, while the application of competencies-based approach to high school sectoral standards development facilitates tuning of education towards labour market’s requirements and demands, further development of educational techniques and educational system as a whole. Objective of the article: to project system of competencies and to define components of environmental competencies for mining engineers. Methods: – theoretical: analysis, generalization, systematization of legislative framework, educational standards, Internet - sources in order to distinguish theoretical basis of research, develop system of competencies for future mining engineers. – Empirical – improvement of system of competencies for future mining engineers. Scientific novelty is represented with structured system, consisting of 49 competencies, comprising the core of new sectoral standard for mining engineers preparation; Practical importance of the outcomes is related to developments: separate constituents of high school draft sectoral standard for Mining engineers bachelors’ preparation 6.050301 Mining (system of social & personal, general scientific, tool-based, general professional and special professional competencies. Research outcomes can be used while developing educational qualification profile and training program for Mining bachelors 6.050301 education field, in course of geoinformational technologies review by ecology, land survey and geography bachelors.
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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg, and George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.

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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.
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