Academic literature on the topic 'Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea'
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Journal articles on the topic "Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea"
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Kraska, James. "Maritime Confidence-building Measures for Navigation in the South China Sea." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 32, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 268–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12322035.
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This article considers the development and efficacy of maritime confidence-building measures (cbms) to ensure safe and secure navigation in the region, and to reduce tension and prevent conflict. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (losc) and the 1972 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (colreg) are multilateral agreements that set forth legally binding obligations of all states. The 2014 Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (cues) provides greater fidelity for duties of safe interaction at sea, but it is nonbinding. The two major powers signed in 2014 and 2015 a legally nonbinding Memorandum of Understanding (mou) on the Rules of Behaviour for Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. This article concludes that the nonbinding instruments are unlikely to enhance navigational safety or security, and in some respects, may even undermine it.
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Ton, Anh Duc. "Code for unplanned encounters at sea and its practical limitations in the East and South China Seas." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 9, no. 4 (May 10, 2017): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2017.1326075.
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Moore, Cameron. "The Arbitral Award in the Matter of the South China Sea between the Philippines and China." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00201007.
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This article considers the implications of the Award for freedom of navigation and the use of force in the South China Sea, identifying the conclusions that can be drawn from the Award and the questions that remain. The Award also indirectly raised the question of the use of force to defend navigational rights. This article therefore revisits the Corfu Channel Case for the light it may shed on the use of force and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. This leads to questions of the danger of miscalculation and the potential importance of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (cues) in reducing the potential for miscalculation to occur. This article argues that the de-escalatory approach of cues may be the way in which States can assert competing rights without such action leading to loss of life.
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John, Kristen M., Tanya C. Louis, Deepak Saluja, and Daniel King. "Identification of healthcare vulnerabilities associated with unplanned hospital care in Black patients with pancreas cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e18572-e18572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18572.
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e18572 Background: Black patients with pancreatic cancer are underrepresented in clinical trials and have worse outcomes than other patients. A retrospective analysis we conducted of 658 patients with pancreatic cancer identified that Black patients are 2.8x more likely to have recurrent ED visits than non-Black patients. This finding motivated this study of Black patients with pancreas cancer who had ED visits over a two-month period to better understand the causal factors that predispose this population to higher rates of unplanned hospital care. Methods: A quality improvement pilot study of Black patients with pancreas cancer who had ED visits between 12/06/22-02/06/23 was conducted. Computational identification of this cohort was performed using a novel Power BI dashboard that tracks health system encounters by patients with pancreas cancer using ICD10 C25 as a cohort identifier in daily updates. Each ED visit then prompted a phone call to the patient from an African American oncology nurse practitioner who served as a cultural translator to evaluate their healthcare vulnerabilities. Demographic and clinical features were recorded from the EMR. Median household income was extrapolated by zip code using data from the US Census Bureau. Results: During this two-month period, 14 Black patients had at least 1 ED visit. Of these, 50% had ≥2 ED visits during this timeframe. Through retrospective review, we found that patients in this cohort had an average of 4.4 ED visits in the past year. The cohort was 50% male with a mean age of 65.5 years and median household income of $67,032. 21% have commercial insurance, 36% have Medicaid, and 43% have Medicare. 86% established care with a primary care physician and 71% established care with a medical oncologist. 79% of patients did not have a social work assessment in their charts. We were unable to reach 50% of patients in this cohort at their preferred phone numbers. Of the patients we connected with: 71% note their highest level of education as high school, 29% do not feel safe in their communities, 14% lack a reliable support system, and 57% experience financial insecurity. Conclusions: We observed a substantial burden of ED visits among Black patients. Remarkably, half of the patients already required a second ED visit during the two-month span of this project. Given these intriguing results, we intend to pursue a prospective study using a validated questionnaire to better understand and address the factors that lead to these ED visits.
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Baiye, Enow, and Fongwa Ngum. "THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE AREA: A LEGAL APPRAISAL." International Journal of Law in Changing World 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54934/ijlcw.v2i1.45.
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The International Seabed Authority is an international organization created in 1982 by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Implementation Agreement of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1994 to administer the Area and the resources found therein. However, the persistent complains of the absence of an exploitation regulation in the Area for over two decades is a call for concern on the effectiveness of the International Seabed Authority in exercising its role of managing the Area. This paper is focused on investigating the strategies adopted by the International Seabed Authority for the management of the Area and the challenges it encounters in this regard. The paper does so through the exploitation of secondary and primary sources of information. Secondary data were collected from books, academic journals, magazines, and official publications touching the subject matter. To compliment secondary data, primary data was also used and this was done essentially through interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed with the use of a thematic content approach. The ensuing results revealed that the strategies range from the adoption of a Strategic Plan, and the establishment of a Mining Code to Environmental Management Plans.
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Ngum, Fongwa Kesten, and Enow Godwill Baiye. "The Role of the International Seabed Authority in the Management of the Area: A Legal Appraisal." Law and Economy 2, no. 5 (May 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2023.05.01.
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The International Seabed Authority is an international organization created in 1982 by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Implementation Agreement of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1994 to administer the Area and the resources found therein. However, the persistent complains of the absence of an exploitation regulation in the Area for over two decades is a call for concern on the effectiveness of the International Seabed Authority in exercising its role of managing the Area. This can be observed from the granting of thirty exploration contracts till date but no exploitation contract and inadequate information on the effects of these activities in the Area. However, this paper is focused on investigating the strategies adopted by the International Seabed Authority for the management of the Area and the challenges it encounters in this regard. The paper does so through the exploitation of secondary and primary sources of information. Secondary data were collected from books, academic journals, magazines, and official publications touching the subject matter. To compliment secondary data, primary data was also used and this was done essentially through interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed with the use of thematic content approach The ensuing results revealed that the strategies range from the adoption of a Strategic Plan, establishment of a Mining Code to Environmental Management Plans. Thus the findings, laid a ground for further research on this area.
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Li, Wei, and Mehran Idris Khan. "The practical dilemma and solutions of international ship-aircraft encounter rules on sea: A Chinese perspective." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (October 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1005177.
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The fragmentation of international ship-aircraft encounter (SAE) rules has led to practical difficulties; as such, it is necessary to establish an integrated set of regulations for international SAEs. Based on the theoretical considerations of international law and the rules of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) and other SAEs, dispute resolution mechanisms such as international arbitration, diplomatic channels, the International Court of Justice, and Alternate Dispute Resolution have been carefully selected as implementation pathways. However, the global stakeholders are facing the fragmentation of such rules in different ways. To this end, this study thoroughly analyses the fragmentation of the international SEA rules and unresolved pertinent issues. While highlighting the reasons and potential threats of the fragmentation, the present paper also provides Chinese and global perspectives to resolve the issues with appropriate recommendations collectively. It concludes that such fragmentation of navigation rules and dispute resolution mechanisms—if effectively addressed with harmonising existing rules and unified international rules—can centrally resolve the encounters between ships and aircraft in the process of international voyages and form a basic, unified understanding of some of the most representative issues.
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"Code for unalerted encounters at sea." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 4, no. 4 (January 2012): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2012.10815721.
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Brown, Chelsea R., Sennay Ghenbot, Robert A. Magnussen, Sarah Harangody, David C. Flanigan, and Timothy L. Miller. "Unplanned Emergency Visits and Admissions After Orthopaedic Ambulatory Surgery in the First 2 Years of Operation of a University Ambulatory Surgery Center." American Journal of Sports Medicine, December 17, 2020, 036354652097662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520976626.
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Background: Ambulatory surgeries have increased in recent decades to help improve efficiency and cost; however, there is a potential need for unplanned postoperative admission, clinic visits, or evaluation in the emergency department (ED). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the frequency, reasons, and factors influencing hospitalizations, return to clinic, and/or ED encounters within 24 hours of ambulatory surgery. The time frame for data collection was the first 2 years of operation of a university sports medicine ambulatory surgery center (ASC). We hypothesized that the percentage of encounters would be low and primarily because of pain or postoperative complication. Study design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing ambulatory surgery at an ASC during the first 2 years of its operation (November 2016 to October 2018). Data including age, sex, Current Procedural Terminology code, procedure performed, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, medical history, and tobacco use were collected. Patients seeking care in the ED, inpatient, or outpatient setting within the first 24 hours after surgery were identified and the reasons for these encounters were categorized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) medical complication, (2) postoperative pain, or (3) other postoperative complication. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for these encounters. Results: A total of 4650 sports medicine procedures were performed at the university ASC during the study period. A total of 35 patients (0.75%) sought additional care within 24 hours of surgery. Medical complications were the primary reason for seeking care (n = 16; 45.7%). Patients who sought treatment within 24 hours of surgery tended to be older, had more medical comorbidities, and were more likely to have undergone upper extremity (particularly shoulder) procedures. In the multivariable analysis, patients with higher ASA scores were more likely to seek additional care ( P < .005) and there was a trend toward increased risk of seeking additional care with upper extremity surgery ( P = .077). Conclusion: Orthopaedic procedures performed in an ASC result in a relatively low percentage of patients seeking additional care within the first 24 hours after surgery, consistent with other reports in the literature. Upper extremity procedures, particularly those of the shoulder, may carry an increased risk of requiring medical treatment within 24 hours of surgery. Even in the first 2 years of operation of a university-based ASC, low rates of postoperative complications and unplanned admissions can be maintained.
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Rossiana, Yasintha Selly. "The South China Sea Dispute: Code of Conduct Implementation as the Dispute Settlement." Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 8, no. 1 (February 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jdp.v8i1.884.
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After the end of World War II, China has claimed the area in South China Sea as its territory based on its historical background, or so-called the nine-dash line. This China’s unilateral accusation naturally reap many negative responses from countries in the area because it is consider as theirs. However, China who did not ratify UNCLOS 1982 as the international law stick to its own rules. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of Code of Conduct offered by ASEAN as the dispute settlement of this border issue. In an attempt to present the results, author collected primary and secondary data from official document and credible literature which are accessible on the internet such as journal and article website. The results of this study found that dispute resolution through the Code of Conduct still encounters obstacles, therefore it is necessary to do alternative solutions such as bilateral negotiations between the disputing parties.
Books on the topic "Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea"
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Ong, Graham Gerard. Incident prevention and mitigation in the Asia Pacific littorals: Framing, expanding, and adding the CUES. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea"
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"The Use of Informal Agreements to Enhance Navigational Safety." In Unconventional Lawmaking in the Law of the Sea, edited by Natalie Klein, 137—C8.N177. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897824.003.0008.
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Abstract To address threats to navigational safety, interested states have devised agreements that are legally non-binding but intended to set standards for regulating behaviour. The chapter examines the role and significance of informal agreements concerned with navigational safety that have been adopted outside the confines of the IMO: the Declaration of Conduct and future Code of Conduct for the South China Sea, the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea, and the bilateral China–US Memoranda of Understanding. The aim of the chapter is to consider for what purposes these informal agreements have been adopted, and to reflect on the significance of any informal lawmaking for international laws related to navigational safety. As the international legal frame does not provide a complete picture, alternative explanatory paradigms of confidence-building measures and experimentalist governance are also assessed. The potential utility of informal agreements may, thus, be discerned, but the shortcomings are also highlighted.
Conference papers on the topic "Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea"
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Kvamme, Bjarte O., Jino Peechanatt, and Ove T. Gudmestad. "Calculation of Time-to-Freeze for Liquids in Pipes." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62000.
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In recent years, there has been unprecedented interest shown in the Arctic region by the industry, as it has become increasingly accessible for oil and gas exploration, shipping, and tourism. The decrease in ice extent in the Arctic has renewed the interest in the Northern Sea route, necessitating further research to evaluate the adequacy of the equipment and appliances used on vessels traversing in polar waters. In the oil and gas industry, exploration and production vessels and platforms are highly dependent on the piping facilities for rendering their intended function, and therefore, flow assurance is extremely crucial. If the winterization of pipes is not done properly, this could lead to massive cost overruns due to unplanned production shutdowns or even worse, accidents. A temperature drop between the different areas of the production facilities will change the thermodynamic properties of the fluids, and could cause the processing of the crude oil to become inefficient. The introduction of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) attempts to mitigate some of the risks endangering the vessels in polar waters. The Polar Code is scheduled to take effect on 01.01.2017, and applies to all vessels traversing in polar waters. The Polar Code requires that all machinery installations and associated equipment required for the safe operation of ships shall be protected against the effect of freezing and increased viscosity of liquids, and that working liquids shall be maintained in a viscosity range that ensures the operation of the machinery. To account for this, the heat loss of pipes carrying liquid (water for fire extinguishing and hydraulic fluid amongst others) needs to be estimated and mitigating measures must be taken. In this study, methodology from the refrigeration industry is applied to calculate the estimated time to freeze for liquids in pipes. The methodology is adapted for use in the maritime industry, and results are presented in this study. The methodology used was found to be quite flexible, allowing for the calculation of complex scenarios and shapes, including the effect of varying degrees of insulation on pipes, and can easily be applied for approximating the best suitable method of insulating pipes to ensure flow assurance and maintain fluid properties at desired levels. Tables estimating the time-to-freeze for insulated pipes of different diameters and insulation thicknesses exposed to cross-winds of varying speeds are provided. The methodology is found to have great potential, and should be investigated further with experiments. The objective of the paper is thus to introduce the methodology for cold-climate engineering and use it for practical analysis of realistic estimates of insulated and non-insulated piping.