Dissertations / Theses: 'COD'

1

McCollum, Arthur B. "Specific Dynamic Action and Growth in Larval Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, in Relation to Feeding and Temperature." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McCollumAB2007.pdf.

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Geubtner, Jessica A. "Specific Dynamic Action, Growth and Development in Larval Atlantic Cod, Gadus Morhua." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GeubtnerJA2003.pdf.

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3

Hansen, Jennifer Muscato. "Dietary Studies for Larviculture of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HansenJM2007.pdf.

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4

Hiscock, H. Wade. "Increasing the spawning biomass of northern Atlantic cod, Gadus Morhua, through the release of mature farmed fish /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/MQ34185.pdf.

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5

Jordaan, Adrian. "The Effect of Temperature on the Development, Growth and Survival of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) During Early Life-Histories." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JordaanA2002.pdf.

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6

Pynn, Ralph M. "The Newfoundland and Labrador cod trap fishery : the basis for a future cod grow out industry /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ42432.pdf.

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7

Guénette, Sylvie. "Marine reserves for the northern cod." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2000. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD%5F0019/NQ56553.pdf.

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Guénette, Sylvie. "Marine reserves for the northern cod." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/NQ56553.pdf.

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9

Kompatscher-Gufler, Gabriela. "Die Gesta-Romanorum-Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck Cod. 667, Cod. 509 und Cod. 433 : ihre Beziehungen zueinander und zu den anderen Gesta-Romanorum-Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck /." Innsbruck : Universitätsverlag Wagner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39996455v.

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10

Purchase, Craig F. "Inter-population differences in growth and energy allocation of northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) revealed by common environment experiments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0034/MQ62418.pdf.

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11

Hansen, Sorren Lund. "Scope for Activity, Specific Dynamic Action and Growth in Early Juvenile Stages of Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HansenSL2003.pdf.

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12

Milligan, Rosanna Jane. "The occurrence and behaviour of pseudoterranova decipiens and anisakis simplex (nematoda) in gadus morhua and their impacts on commercial processing." Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis record to view abstract, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/252/.

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Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

13

Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The cod trade in early-modern Portugal, deregulation, English domination, and the decline of female cod merchants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25763.pdf.

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14

Grant, Scott Michael. "Behaviour, resource use, and condition of demersal age 0 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Newfoundland : components of survival risk in the nearshore environment /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ54837.pdf.

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15

O'Neill, Finbarr Gerard. "Mathematical model of trawl cod-end geometry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265381.

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To ensure that the conservation regulations which govern fishing gears are effective, they must be based on an understanding of the process by which fish are selected. The region where most fish selection is considered to take place is the cod-end, the aftmost part of a trawl net and the region where the catch accumulates. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that fish selection in the cod-end is dependent on a range of physical, environmental and fish behavioural parameters. Essential to a study of any of these parameters is a knowledge of the cod-end geometry which is determined by the interaction of the water flow, the catch size and the design and physical characteristics of the netting. In this thesis a continuum model of the deformation of a class of axisymmetric networks is developed where the mesh elements are reflection symmetric, the mesh bars are extensible and where arbitrary membrane forces act in the plane of the net, normal to the edges of the mesh elements. When applied to the fishing industry this provides a continuum model of the geometry of an axisymmetric trawl cod-end made from netting of a generalized mesh shape. It is shown how mesh shapes that are of interest to the fishing industry can be investigated, and the geometry of cod-ends made from diamond shaped mesh under the influence of various types of pressure loads is examined in detail. A qualitative description of the hydrodynamic forces that act on the cod-end catch is presented and it is shown that the predictions based on this description are consistent with experimental results from a series of wind tunnel trials. Using this description of the hydrodynamic forces the effect on cod-end geometry of mesh resistance to opening which arises as a result of twine flexural rigidity is examined.

16

Edwards, Helen Joanne. "Individual-based models of Atlantic cod behaviour." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437562.

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17

Katsiadaki, Ioanna. "Physical and chemical attributes of cod roe." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387667.

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18

Puvanendran, Velmurugu. "Effect of prey concentration and light on the foraging behaviour, growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) under laboratory conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ42484.pdf.

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19

Krohn, Martha M. "Growth and bioenergetics of northern cod (Gadus morhua)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ49272.pdf.

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20

Johanna, Frid. "Förhållandet mellan COD och TOC i skogsindustriella avlopp." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255258.

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Under tillverkningsprocessen i massa- och pappersindustrin bildas avloppsflöden i flera olika steg. Ett av de miljöbelastande utsläppen utgörs av organiskt material. Organiskt material kan mätas som biokemisk syreförbrukning (BOD), kemisk syreförbrukning (COD) eller som totalt organiskt kol (TOC). Analys av COD inkluderar ofta miljöfarliga ämnen (till exempel kvicksilver). Naturvårdsverket har under flera år aviserat att analysen kan komma att förbjudas och därmed blir analys av TOC allt mer vanligt. EU:s referensgränsvärden anges dock i COD och design av reningsanläggningar utgår oftast från COD. Detta leder till att båda parametrarna kommer att fortsätta att vara aktuella. Med syftet att förbättra kunskapen om sambanden mellan COD och TOC för olika typer av avlopp inom massa- och pappersindustrin samlades jämförande serier över COD och TOC in från olika svenska bruk. Serierna analyserades med hjälp av regressions- och korrelationsanalys, för att sedan jämföras med medelvärdet av brukens COD/TOC faktorer (omvandlingsfaktorer). Studien innehöll även en del där information om analyser, förbehandlingar och övergången från COD till TOC samlades in genom intervjuer med personer ute på bruken. Som en avslutande del av projektet genomfördes ett laborativt arbete i mindre skala med främsta syfte att se hur konstant omvandlingsfaktorn var över tiden. Resultaten visade att korrelationen mellan COD och TOC ofta var hög men att omvandlingsfaktorn var beroende av typ av tillverkningsprocess och rening. Värdet på omvandlingsfaktorn varierade därför mycket mellan olika bruk och delströmmar. Bruk med tillverkningsprocesser som använder få kemikalier hade en mer lika omvandlingsfaktor sinsemellan än bruk med kemikaliekrävande processer. Dessutom gav en högre reningsgrad en lägre omvandlingsfaktor. Omvandlingsfaktorn föreföll varken påverkas av halten suspenderat material eller vara årstidsberoende. Dessutomvar den också relativt konstant över tiden.
The industrial production of pulp and paper generates wastewater in several different steps in the production chain. Organic material from the wastewater will have an impacton the surrounding environment. Biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygendemand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) are three ways to measure organicmaterial. When analyzing COD, harmful substances such as mercury are often used. The Swedish Environmental Agency has for several years forecasted that this analysis might be banned, and therefore analysis of TOC has become more and more common in Sweden. However, COD is often used as a design parameter when designing new wastewater treatment plants and the European Union’s reference values are given as COD. Hence, both parameters will continue to be used and both need to be taken into consideration. With the aim to improve the knowledge of the relationship between COD and TOC, data series with TOC and COD were collected. The data originated from several different Swedish pulp and paper mills, as well as from different types of waste water streams within each mill. The data series were analyzed using linear regression and correlation analysis, and then compared with the companies’ mean value of the ratio between COD and TOC (the conversion factor). Information about the shift from COD to TOC, and the analyzing methods and pretreatment methods was gathered by conducting interviews with employees at the different mills. The final part of the project was a laboratory study, with the main focus to examine if the conversion factor changed over time. The results showed that the correlation between COD and TOC often was high, but that the conversion factor depended on type of manufacturing process and waste water treatment. Mills with a low use of chemicals had a more similar conversion factor than mills with a more chemical demanding process. Furthermore, a high degree of purification resulted in a lower conversion factor. The conversion factor did not seem to depend on neither the content of suspended solids nor the time of the year. Additionally, the conversion factor was relatively constant over time.

21

Fernandes, Fernando José Duarte. "Contribution to the study of cod Gadus morhua." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13860.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha
Traceability is one of the most used tools to control fish origin and can contribute to improve product quality and safety. However, until now the methods used to identify the fish origin and its chemical and biological characteristics involve the loss of commercial value of the fish sampled. It should be noticed also that all these methods are too time-consuming and have expensive costs for the manufacturing industry. This work was performed based on the real needs of the manufacturing and drying industry of codfish and in a perspective of developing an efficient and inexpensive method for traceability analysis of dry salted codfish species using a PCR-DGGE approach.
A rastreabilidade é uma das ferramentas mais usadas no controlo de origem de pescado e pode contribuir para a qualidade e segurança do produto. Contudo, até à data, os métodos usados na identificação da origem do pescado assim como das suas características químicas e biológicas envolve a perda de valor comercial do pescado amostrado. Saliente-se também que todos estes métodos são demasiado morosos e com custos dispendiosos para a indústria de transformação. Este trabalho foi realizado com o sentido de auscultar necessidades reais da indústria de transformação e secagem de bacalhau e numa perspetiva de desenvolvimento de um método eficiente e menos dispendioso de rastreabilidade de espécies de bacalhau salgado seco recorrendo a uma estratégia de PCR-DGGE.

22

Sellers, Ana M. "Environmental quality assessment of Georges Bank for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-155152.

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23

Richard, François. "Étude comparative de la condition et de l'état reproducteur de morues (Gadus morhua) du Fjord du Saguenay et du Golfe Saint-Laurent /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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24

Bolon, Aline D. P. "Seasonal trends in spawning condition and catch rates of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in northern Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, over 1995-1999 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47437.pdf.

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25

Vatcher, Susan Linda. "The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54969.pdf.

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26

Jamieson, Robyn E. "Environmental history of northern cod from otolith isotopic analysis /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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27

Angsupanich, Kongkarn. "High pressure treatment effects on cod (Gadus Morhua) muscle." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265713.

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28

Huang, Bao-Quey. "Visually evoked startle response in the cod (Gadhus Morhua)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.331943.

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29

King, M. R. "Neurophysiological aspects of hearing in the cod (Gadus morhua)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235307.

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The spontaneous spike activity of the primary afferents was statistically analysed in order to gain insight into its origin and to provide a basis for examining its modulation by sound. The responses to pure tone stimulation were investigated by examining the change in spike rate, degree of synchrony and the phase locking angles, to pressure and velocity stimuli at different stimulus intensities, over a range of frequencies. The 3-dimensional directional characteristics of the units were studied by presenting vibrational stimuli on different axes around the animal. It was found that most spontaneous spike activity showed serial dependence and thus the ISI histogram is an incomplete description of the activity. There is evidence of resonance of the hair cell/primary afferent complex, both from certain patterns of spontaneous spike activity and from the relationship between the driven spike activity and the phase of the stimulus. The phase angle of response to pure tone stimulation increased or decreased as the stimulus intensity increased depending on the whether the stimulus frequency was above or below the best frequency of the unit. It is shown for the first time that cod primary afferent units respond to sound in 3 dimensions.

30

Blanchard, Jean-Christophe. "L'armorial d'André de Rineck : Vienne, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 3336 /." Paris : Éd. du Léopard d'or, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412065254.

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31

Crosby, Jesse, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of Compounded Trilostane Suspension in Cod Liver Oil." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5313.

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Trilostane is a synthetic steroid analog used to treat canine hyperadrenocorticism. For small dogs, the dose found in commercially available dosage forms of trilostane is sometimes too high. Compounding trilostane in a liquid diluent provides an option for more precise dosing and adjustments, and can be easier to administer, versus a tablet or capsule. Trilostane suspends well in cod liver oil, which is generally palatable to dogs. The stability of a compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil stored at room temperature was investigated for 90 days. Compounded trilostane retained stability, defined as maintaining 90–105% labeled value, for 60 days when stored in amber glass bottles. However, drug potency fell >10% below the labeled value when stored in amber plastic bottles after 7 days.

32

Smedbol, R. Kent. "A study of northern Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) of eastern Newfoundland and Labrador as a metapopulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47503.pdf.

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33

Sclafani, Matthew. "The role of osmoregulation and nutrition as determinants of buoyancy and short-term mortality of marine fish larvae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0033/NQ64664.pdf.

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34

Moraeus, Peter. "Simulering av COD-fraktioner i en aktivslamanläggning vid en sulfatmassafabrik." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88910.

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This thesis work was made for Södra Cell Mörrums bruk in Blekinge. The purpose of the work was to develop a computer model in the simulation program Extend for the removal and balance of organic oxygen consuming substances, measured as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), in the new biological treatment plant in the mill. The plant produces two different pulp products, TCF- (Totally Chlorine Free) pulp and ECF- (Elementary Chlorine Free) pulp, for sale. The different bleaching procedures affect the characteristic of the wastewater and thus the effectiveness of the biological treatment plant.

In the model that was developed the COD in the wastewater was divided into five different COD-fractions: soluble easily degradable (SS), soluble hardly degradable (SR), soluble inert (SI), particulate inert (XI) and particulate biomass (XB). To create the model FlowMac™ was used as a base. FlowMac™ is a library module in Extend adapted for pulp and paper mills. Some of the blocks only needed a slight modification while others, for example the sedimentation basin and the bioblocks, had to be done from scratch. The calibration of the model was made from data from a period of eleven weeks and a validation was made from data that differed as much as possible from the calibration data. Then the model was used to find out in what way an increase in production to 480 000 annual tons should affect the discharge of organic oxygen consumption substances.

Results from the model indicates that the goals for the total COD-discharge will be hard to achieve with an increase in production to 480 000 annual tons. Despite the fact that production of TCF-pulp generates more COD than ECF-production the total discharge of COD is lower at TCF-production. The reason is that easier degradable COD is generated in TCF-bleaching. One of the major problems is that the torrent of water that is bypassed the biological treatment plant contains a large amount of COD and the efficiency of the treatment plant must be very high if the goals for the total COD-discharge shouldn’t be exceeded.

Det här examensarbetet gjordes för Södra Cell på Mörrums Bruk i Blekinge. Arbetet bestod i att göra en modell i simuleringsprogrammet Extend över nedbrytningen och massbalansen av organiska syreförbrukande ämnen, mätt som COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), i den nybyggda biologiska reningsanläggningen på bruket. Mörrums bruk är en sulfatmassafabrik som producerar både TCF- (Totally Chlorine Free) och ECF- (Elementary Chlorine Free) massa för avsalu. De olika blekningsmetoderna påverkar sammansättningen på avloppsvattnet och därmed också den biologiska reningsanläggningens reduktion av COD.

I modellen som utvecklades delades inkommande COD i obehandlat vatten upp i fem olika COD-fraktioner: löst lättnedbrytbart (SS), löst svårnedbrytbart (SR), löst inert (SI), partikulärt inert (XI) och partikulärt nedbrytbart COD i form av biomassa (XB). För att bygga modellen användes FlowMac™ som utgångspunkt. FlowMac™ är en biblioteksmodul i Extend avpassad för pappersbruk. En del block behövde bara modifieras medan andra block, t.ex. sedimenteringen och bioblocken, fick byggas till. Modellen kalibrerades med medelvärden från en elvaveckorsperiod och en validering gjordes med data från några veckor med mer extrema värden på inkommande vatten. Med modellen gjordes en simulering för att undersöka vad en produktionsökning till 480 000 årston skulle innebära med avseende på utsläppen av organiska syreförbrukande ämnen.

Resultat från modellen tyder på att det vid en ökning av produktionen till 480 000 årston blir svårt att nå de uppställda totala utsläppsmålen för COD. Vid produktion av TCF-massa bildas mer COD men utsläppsmängderna är lägre än vid ECF-produktion. Anledningen är att den COD som bildas ut vid TCF-blekning innehåller en större mängd lättnedbrytbart COD. En bidragande orsak till att det blir svårt att hålla utsläppsmålen för COD är att de flöden som leds förbi reningsanläggningen innehåller mycket COD vilket gör att verkningsgraden över reningsanläggningen måste vara hög för att klara målen för totala COD-utsläppet.

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Hjortstam, Klas. "Tunguli kasus : Kasusbruket i Tungulus i Cod. Holm. D 4a." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25403.

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Föremålet för denna uppsats är det fornsvenska verket Tungulus, sådant det föreligger i handskriften Cod. Holm. D 4a, daterad till 1457. Dess troliga tillkomstplats är Strängnäs. Vid tiden för denna handskrifts tillblivelse var det fornsvenska fyrkasussystemet i upplösning. Uppsatsen beskriver i vilken grad och hur kasussystemet används i Tungulus och jämför resultatet med vad forskningen säger om systemets status vid 1400-talets mitt. Analysen visar att texten bär tydligt vittnesbörd om bortfallsprocessen – att skrivaren var en del av den språkgemenskap som var på väg att lämna kasusbruket. Dock finns en viss konservativ tendens; delar av kasussystemet är alltjämt i bruk, om än vacklande, och enstaka exempel kan uppfattas som arkaiserande. Det vacklande bruket omfattar bl.a. maskulina nominativändelsen -er (eeldher, swarter), bestämda feminina ackusativändelsen -a (siälinä) och adjektivens ackusativändelse -an (diupan). Utjämningen mellan nominativ och ackusativ är långt framskriden men inte undantagslös; här finns flera exempel på former som inte skulle komma att överleva kasusbortfallet.

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Decker, Stephanie J. "Vermicomposting of cod (Gadus morhua) offal mixed with Sphagnum peat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0029/MQ62381.pdf.

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37

Westphal, Stefanie. "Der Wolfenbüttler Psalter Cod. 81.17 Aug. 2 : eine ornamentgeschichtliche Studie." LF, 2003. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss9̲60/d960.pdf.

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38

Sandeman, Lillian Ruth. "Causes of temporal variation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) condition." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167788.

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This thesis aims to investigate causes of variation in the condition of Atlantic cod using long-term, high-resolution liver-weight databases. The Liver Condition Index (LCI), the weight of the liver as a percentage of total body weight, is used as a measure of condition. The first study presented in this thesis is an analysis of the causes of inter- and intraannual variation in the condition of Northeast Arctic cod. Temperature is identified as an important factor influencing condition. Increasing temperature is shown to positively impact condition at both inter- and intraannual timescales. Greater availability of the cod’s preferred prey, a monthly timescale. A time lag of one month between the change in capelin consumption and the subsequent change in condition, or ‘latency’, is demonstrated. Herring (Clupea harengus) are shown to have an indirect impact upon cod condition through competition for energy-rich capelin. The second study presented in this thesis is an investigation of sex-dependent variation in the condition of Northern cod. Differences in condition are mainly seen in mature fish, with mature female cod in consistently higher condition throughout the year than male. However, the only season for which a significant difference was identified was spring, suggesting that pre-spawning females are able to acquire more energy than pre-spawning males. In addition, a greater decline in post-spawning condition was found in females. Later maturation and slightly faster growth in mature females provide further verification of variation in energy allocation dependent on sex. The analyses presented in this chapter suggest that individual-level analyses of condition in cod should, in future, takes account of the effect of sex on energy usage.

39

楊龍元 and Lung-yuen Christopher Yeong. "Removal of wastewater cod and nitrogen using fibrous packing media." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210636.

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40

Herlin, Marine Claire Ghislaine. "Genetic management of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) hatchery populations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/421.

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Intensive aquaculture of Atlantic cod is fast developing in both Northern Europe and Canada. The last six years have seen major improvements in the larval rearing protocols and husbandry techniques for this species. Although breeding programmes are currently being developed by both governmental and private institutions in the main cod producing countries (i.e. Norway, Iceland and Canada), most hatcheries still rely on the mass spawning of their own broodstock. Mass spawning tanks are complex systems where fish are left to spawn naturally and fertilised eggs are collected with the overflowing water, with little or no control over the matings of the animals. Few published studies in other commercial marine species (i.e. turbot and sole) have attempted to analyse the output from such systems using microsatellite markers and several parentage analysis software programs. A review of these publications exposed a lack of consistency in the methods used to analyse such complex datasets. This problem was addressed by carrying out a detailed comparison of two analytical principals (i.e. assignment by strict exclusion and assignment by probabilities) and four parentage software programmes (i.e. FAP, VITASSIGN, CERVUS and PAPA), using the DNA profiles, at 5 loci, from 300 cod fry issued from the mass spawning of a large hatchery cod broodstock tank (consisting of 99 fish). This study revealed large discrepancies in the allocation outcomes between exclusion-based and probability-based assignments caused by the important rate of typing errors present in the dataset. Out of the four softwares tested, FAP (Taggart, 2007) was the most appropriate to use for handling such a dataset. It combined the most conservative method of assignment with the most informative output for the results displayed. In an attempt to study the breeding dynamics in a cod commercial hatchery, parental contributions to five groups of 300 fry (from five single days of spawning and from two commercial mass spawning cod tanks) were analysed, based on the genotyping data from eight loci. The parentage results from the exclusion-based analyses revealed that, on a single day, at least 25 to 30% of the total breeding population contributed to fertilised eggs that resulted in viable offspring at 50 and 83 days post-hatch. Family representations were highly skewed - with the marked dominance of a few males - and effective breeding populations were consistently low (approx. 5% of the total breeding population). Parental contribution to a group of 960 codlings - produced following intensive commercial practices (i.e. including successive size gradings and mixing of batches) and belonging to a single graded group - was also analysed, based on the genotyping data from eleven loci. The effective breeding population size of the juvenile batch (c. 14% of the total broodstock population) was two to three times greater than the effective size observed on a single day of mass spawning. The per-generation rate of inbreeding was however relatively high, for this batch alone, at 2.5%. Based on these results, suggestions were made to manage hatchery cod broodstock populations and implement genetic selection. Early maturation of farmed cod in sea cages (at two or three years old) is a major concern for ongrowers. Understanding the mechanism(s) behind sex determination in cod would probably help the development of a method to control sexual maturation. In an attempt to elucidate sex determination in cod, a protocol to induce gynogenesis was developed. Gynogenetic fish were successfully produced by irradiating cod milt with UV and applying a cold shock (at -6oC) to newly fertilised eggs. However, due to poor survival during larval rearing, only one gynogenetic fish survived long enough to be sexed; not enough to conclude anything on the sex determination mechanism(s) in cod.

41

Galloni, Susanna. "Regional flow model of west Cape Cod and optimization analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43925.

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42

Yeong, Lung-yuen Christopher. "Removal of wastewater cod and nitrogen using fibrous packing media /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13193429.

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43

Jonsson, Sandra. "Validation of mercury free methods for analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand in municipial wastewater." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269195.

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Abstract:

Water is used every day in society and to be able to recycle this water we depend upon efficient wastewater treatment. It is vital to test the wastewater based on different parameters. One parameter is the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which defines the amount of organic substances that can be chemically oxidized within the water. The Swedish standardized analytical method for COD (SS-028142), COD(Cr) is dependent on mercury, a substance which was banned according to Swedish regulations in year 2009 but is still used due to time limited dispensations. This report is a part of a pre-procurement innovative project initiated by the Swedish Water and Wastewater Association (SWWA) in order to bring forward and evaluate mercury free analytical methods for COD for municipal wastewater. The aim was to validate three analytical methods for COD: Chloride Determination, Chloride Elimination and PeCOD and compare the analytical results to the standardized COD(Cr). Three laboratories, Käppala (Stockholm), Gryaab (Gothenburg) and Komlab (Örnsköldsvik) were included in the validation process by providing analytical data. The validation was conducted using the data as input for the statistical methods regression, correlation and analysis of variance to investigate the performance of the individual methods. As a complement to the statistical results, comments regarding the methods brought up by the laboratory staff were compiled in order to reflect on the usability and robustness of the methods. The results indicated that the method Chloride Determination was the method most similar to the COD(Cr) method, when investigating obtained COD concentrations, required analytical time and implementation steps needed to obtain a final COD value. This result was evident by high coefficient of determination values for influent wastewater samples. The PeCOD method, which was submitted in two versions, one manual and one automatic was only able to analyze soluble COD. It was found that the PeCOD methods obtained lower COD concentrations compared to the standardized method when analyzing filtered samples. Due to highly variable correlation coefficients between the PeCOD and COD(Cr) for various types of samples indicated that no uniform linear relation between the methods was present. Analysis with the Chloride Elimination method was halted early in the validation process, but was found to receive approximately 50 percent lower COD values than the reference method COD(Cr). Finally it can be said that the input data for conducting the statistical test were limited and further analysis should be recommended in order to validate the results with a higher certainty.
Varje dag produceras avloppsvatten i samhället och för att kunna återanvända detta vatten krävs en tillförlitlig reningsprocess. För att rena avloppsvatten effektivt är det betydelsefullt att kontinuerligt testa avloppsvattnet utifrån ett antal viktiga parametrar. En av dessa är kemisk syreförbrukning, COD, som definieras av den mängd syre som förbrukas genom fullständig kemisk oxidation av organiskt material. Den svenska standardiserade analysmetoden för COD (SS-028142) , COD(Cr) är beroende av kvicksilver för att erhålla ett korrekt analysresultat utan påverkan av kloridjoner. Kvicksilver är enligt Svensk lag förbjudet sedan år 2009, men analysmetoden är dock vanligt använd på svenska avloppsreningsverk tack vare årliga dispenser. Detta examensarbete är en del av en förkommersiell innovationsupphandling som initierats av Svenskt Vatten med mål att undersöka och validera kvicksilverfria analysmetoder för COD tillgängliga på den internationella marknaden. Projektets syfte var att utföra en validering av tre analysmetoder: Klorid Determination, Klorid Elimination och PeCOD och jämföra dess resultat med referens metoden COD(Cr). Tre olika laboratorier, Käppala (Stockholm), Gryaab (Göteborg) och Komlab (Örnsköldsvik) medverkade i projektet. Valideringen genomfördes med de statistiska metoderna regression, korrelation och variansanalys, utifrån insamlade mätdata i syfte att undersöka de givna metodernas prestanda. Som ett komplement till det statistiska testerna sammanställdes synpunkter som framkommit under analysarbetet av laboratoriepersonal, för bedömning av metodernas användarvänlighet och robusthet. Utifrån valideringen var det tydligt att metoden Klorid Determination hade störst likhet med COD(Cr) metoden utifrån givna analysresultat, analystid samt utförda analyssteg. Detta resultat styrktes av höga värden för determinationskoefficients för inkommande avloppsvatten mellan innovatios metoden och referense metoden COD(Cr). Analysmetoden PeCOD bestod av två olika versioner, skildrade den lösliga COD innehållet i provet istället för den total COD koncentrationen som hos COD(Cr). Oavsett vilken version av PeCOD som används erhålls ett lägre COD resultat jämfört med referens metoden COD(Cr) då filtrerade prover analyserades. De framtagna varierande korrelations koefficienter mellan PeCOD och COD(Cr) indikerade att ingen enhetlig korrelation gick att finna mellan metoderna hos de olika laboratorierna. Analysmetoden COD Elimination pausades tidigt i processen men de tidiga testerna visade på halverade COD koncentrationer jämfört med referens metoden. Slutligen kan det nämnas att mätdata som användes som indata till de beskrivna statistiska testerna var begränsade och att vidare analyser rekommenderas för att kunna bevisa givna resultat med ökad sannolikhet.

44

Calder, Scott C. "Local knowledge matters : knowledge, technology, and power in Newfoundland cod farming /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25827.pdf.

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45

Rakitin, Ana. "Body size and reproductive success in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/NQ43270.pdf.

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46

Yassin, Mohammad. "Simplified model of COD and ammonia removal in activated sludge processes /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2005. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1267222721&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1185286367&clientId=22256.

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47

Westphal, Stefanie. "Der Wolfenbütteler Psalter Cod. Guelf. 81.17 Aug.2 ̊; eine ornamentgeschichtliche Studie." Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2869906&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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48

Urquhart, Katy. "Ontogeny of the immune system in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553814.

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This thesis deals with the ontogeny of select immune responses during fry stages of Atlantic cod, when exposed to two pathogens. This project addresses these areas across four experimental chapters: 1) Experimental challenges were performed to determine the effectiveness of an autologous vaccine against Vibrio anguillarum type O2! in Atlantic cod; 2) Experimental challenges were performed to determine the level of susceptibility of Atlantic cod to IPNV; 3) the characterisation of a novel protein with lysozyme activity was determined; 4) the cloning, sequencing and expression of two lysozyme genes in respect of different stimuli was assessed. Atlantic cod fry of 4 different size groups were used to test the effectiveness of the autologous vaccine against O2! Vibrio anguillarum. This developmental size range demonstrated a switch from the innate immune system to favour the adaptive immune system occurring when Atlantic cod reach 1.5g in size. Atlantic cod of 1, 3 and 10g in size were selected to determine susceptibility of IPNV. Viral titre analysis and immunohistochemistry for the IPN virus was used to confirm viral location and replication within the fish. At 1g in size Atlantic cod are susceptible to IPNV; the virus is able to replicate within the fish to a level causing mortality. At 3g in size IPNV are able to infect the fish but viral replication does not occur to the same level as that observed with 1g fish and observations of mortality were reduced. At 10g, Atlantic cod are asymptomatic carriers of the virus. The characterisation of a novel protein with lysozyme activity was determined using purification techniques, and functional assays. The isolation and sequencing of the Atlantic cod lysozyme gene revealed two different isoforms of the gene. Expression studies demonstrated that components of bacterial makeup increased the expression of lysozyme gene compared to the relative control. Using immunostimulants LPS and PHA in larger fish (200g) a down regulation of both lysozyme genes was observed relative to their corresponding controls.

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Bridson, Jessica. "The effect of fishing on the evolution of North Sea Cod." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9352.

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50

Eichler, Hilary J. "Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents at Ashumet Valley, Cape Cod, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42624.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'COD'

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