Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cocoa economy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cocoa economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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Satrio, Refin, and Andi Kurniawan. "External Efforts to Increase Cocoa Exports to the European Market: A Comparison between Ghana and Indonesia." JISPO Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v12i1.14324.

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Cocoa is one of the essential commodities that contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy. As the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world, Indonesia is facing competition from Ghana, a global cocoa-producing country which is relatively similar to Indonesia in terms of politics, economy, and the cocoa industry. Ghana has a competitive advantage that makes its cocoa products appear superior to Indonesia in terms of quality, productivity figures, and cocoa export value. Especially, this is seen in terms of cocoa export to the European Union market. This article aims to study the external efforts made by Ghana and Indonesia to increase their cocoa exports to the European Union market, the largest chocolate consumer region in the world. To do this, it used a qualitative research method with descriptive-analytical and comparative analysis employing the theory of competitive advantage and the concept of economic diplomacy. The article found that Indonesia has excellent cocoa potential that can be developed further and can learn from what Ghana has attempted to increase its cocoa exports to the European Union market.
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Muojama, Olisa Godson. "Cocoa Marketing Board and the Sustainable Cocoa Economy in Colonial Nigeria." African Economic History 47, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aeh.2019.0001.

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Effendi, Yuventus. "Impacts of export tax of cocoa beans on Indonesian economy." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 32, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.212.

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In recent years, there is a significant decline of cocoa beans in terms of exports value and share after 2010. Several studies claimed that this downward trend was caused by the introduction of an export tax on cocoa beans in 2010. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on the impacts of decreasing cocoa beans exports to the Indonesian economy. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate the impacts of the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans to the economy as well as unemployment. Methodology of this study utilised the Input-Output Table. In particular, this study calculated the impacts of export tax on cocoa beans to the changes of output, primary inputs, and unemployment in several scenarios. The main result of this study was that at extreme scenario, where the cocoa beans sector’s export was eliminated, the impacts on the whole economy and unemployment were insignificant. Moreover, this study found that the impacts on value added such as decreasing of profit were relatively higher than decreasing ra te on the output and others value added such as salary and wages and indirect taxes. On the other hand, this study argued that even though the introduction of export tax effectively reduced raw cocoa beans exports, there was an increasing on the exports’ value on the down stream industries.
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Widhiyoga, Ganjar, and Hasna Wijayati. "Challenges Faced by Cocoa-based Industries from Indonesia in Global Value Chains." Husnayain Business Review 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54099/hbr.v2i2.288.

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Purpose – Products originated from cocoa are globally popular. Therefore there is an economic significance in developing the cocoa-based industry. Indonesia, as one of the countries having good quality cocoa specimens, should benefit from this commodity. However, the cocoa-based industry has not contributed much to Indonesia’s GDP. Thus, this paper seeks to understand Indonesia’s cocoa industry’s position within the cocoa industry’s global value chain and any difficulties that prevent the cocoa-based industry from flourishing in Indonesia. Approach - This paper drew from the literature on the cocoa industry in Indonesia and the cocoa global value chain. Findings - This research shows that Indonesia’s underdeveloped cocoa industry lacks an understanding of Indonesia’s cocoa value in the global value chains. This lack of understanding is prevalent in the Indonesian economic bureaucracy and local cocoa industrial actors’ perspective. Novelty – In the study of political economy, the optimization of economic benefits can be achieved through good synergy in political policies to support the achievement of maximum value added for a leading commodity in a country. When the synergy among the stakeholders is optimal, the implemented regulations can be adequately implemented.
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Ghazali, Puspa Liza, Dede Ansyari Guci, Eni Noreni Mohammad Zain, Hamidah Che Abdul x. Hamid, Roslida Abdul Razak, Juliana Arifin, Sharifah Arni Syed Jaaffar, and Norizan Remli. "The Factors of Risk Management Effect at Slope Construction Site." Husnayain Business Review 2, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54099/hbr.v2i2.323.

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Purpose – Products originated from cocoa are globally popular. Therefore there is an economic significance in developing the cocoa-based industry. Indonesia, as one of the countries having good quality cocoa specimens, should benefit from this commodity. However, the cocoa-based industry has not contributed much to Indonesia’s GDP. Thus, this paper seeks to understand Indonesia’s cocoa industry’s position within the cocoa industry’s global value chain and any difficulties that prevent the cocoa-based industry from flourishing in Indonesia. Approach - This paper drew from the literature on the cocoa industry in Indonesia and the cocoa global value chain. Findings - This research shows that Indonesia’s underdeveloped cocoa industry lacks an understanding of Indonesia’s cocoa value in the global value chains. This lack of understanding is prevalent in the Indonesian economic bureaucracy and local cocoa industrial actors’ perspective. Novelty – In the study of political economy, the optimization of economic benefits can be achieved through good synergy in political policies to support the achievement of maximum value added for a leading commodity in a country. When the synergy among the stakeholders is optimal, the implemented regulations can be adequately implemented.
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Wijayati, Hasna, and Halifa Haqqi. "The Indonesian Global Cocoa Chain’s Position in the Pandemic Era." International Journal on Social Science, Economics and Art 12, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/ijosea.v12i1.75.

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In the GVC of cocoa commodities, Indonesia has a potential position as one of the suppliers of cocoa commodities. However, the cocoa industry sector is increasingly threatened when the world enters a crisis period due to the global pandemic in early 2020. For this reason, Indonesia has made many efforts to maintain its position in the GVC of cocoa commodities. This study attempts to analyze Indonesia's position in the global cocoa chain in the pandemic era. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach. The theory used to analyze focuses on global value chain theory. This study finds that Indonesia's tried to maintain it’s position in global cocoa chain through economic stability, both at the domestic and global levels. This position is described in the aspect of increasing the contribution of cocoa commodities to GDP, increasing the export market share of Indonesian cocoa commodities in the global market, as well as increasing the competitiveness of the Indonesian economy. This condition becomes a parameter to measure the performance of Indonesia's political economy as well as demonstrates the capability of the Indonesian government in dealing with the global crisis due to the pandemic and minimizing the impact of the crisis on national stability. Thus, it can be concluded that Indonesia can still maintain its position in the global cocoa chain as an important supplier.
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Dwi Anggraeni and Rina Fariyani. "Green Economy Model Development Strategy in Cocoa Tourism Village in Banyuwangi." Proceedings of International Conference on Economics Business and Government Challenges 1, no. 1 (September 22, 2022): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ic-ebgc.v1i1.45.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the application of the Green Economy concept in the development of tourist villages as an effort to realize environmentally sound development as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in the development of tourist villages in Banyuwangi Regency. This research will be conducted in the Glennmore Cocoa Tourism Village, Banyuwangi Regency. In this study the research method used is descriptive qualitative . This research is expected to have a long-term economic impact on the community and the preservation of the environment. The results of the study indicate that the application of draft green economy in development Village Tour Cocoa as effort realize development insightful environment, namely: Application principles development insightful environment in Banyuwangi Regency, in development field tourist, not yet fully applied. Thing this seen from the principle that has not been applied justice in one generation and internalisation environmental costs. Application of the principles green economy on development Village Tour Cocoa not yet applied fully. However, there is a number of factor which Becomes constraint in development Village Tour Cocoa, that is source existing human resources, facilities not enough complete, per- farm cocoa which experience decrease in quantity and quality, parties fraudulent travel, and promotions that not yet conducted by maximum. Keywords: green economy, tourist village
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Zia'ulhaq As Shidqi, Muhammad Abdul Azis, Ni Nyoman Clara Listya Dewi, and Walda Okvi Juliana Ningsih. "The Development of Bali's Cocoa Industry through the Hexagon Model for Local Economic Development (LED): Sorga Chocolate Factory." Journal of World Trade Studies 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jwts.v6i1.2455.

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Local Economic Development (LED) is the foundation for maintaining the national economic cycle and supporting local financial independence. In addition to its tourism sector, Bali has potential in the cocoa industry. In 2009, Bali had 12,850 hectares of cocoa land. Balinese cocoa is also famous for its taste and fermentation quality. Unfortunately, the cocoa industry still has several challenges, such as cocoa farmers being comfortable with the value chain formed by the world's largest cocoa companies, Indonesian cocoa's renowned mixed and low-quality cocoa; access to buyers; different prices between farmers, wholesaler, and lead firms; productivity consistency and quality in the upstream sector; and climate change. This research will examine the cocoa industry in Bali using the Hexagon Model for LED and also analyze the upstream-downstream process of the Balinese cocoa industry. The objective of this article is to examine how the Hexagon model for LED in the Balinese cocoa industry can further activate local economic activities and form a resilient and sustainable local economy. The local government has established regulations for the protection of cocoa farmers in collaboration with Kalimajari and Udayana University, however, optimization in implementing the regulations still need to be done, especially in the government sector
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Faila Sophia Hartatri, Diany, Alvin Rizki Ramadhani, Sholahuddin Akbar, Burhanuddin Fauzi, and Hendy Firmanto. "Added Value Analysis of Intermediate and Final Cocoa Products: Case Study in a Cocoa Producing Unit in Jember, East Java." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i2.482.

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Cocoa is one of the important commodities that significantly contribute to Indonesian economy. Moreover, millions farmers depend on this commodityas their main source of income. However, the low quality of dried cocoa beans produced by Indonesian smallholder cocoa farmers has led the low farm-gateprice. Therefore, efforts for increasing the cocoa income are required. Hilirisasi (down streeming) program has been implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), including in cocoa commodity in order to increase the added value ofcocoa. There are various downstream products, including intermediate and final products that can be produced. The intermediate products include paste/liquor,cocoa butter, and cocoa powder, meanwhile the final products, such as 3 in 1 cocoa powder, milk chocolate bars and dark chocolate bars. Research on addedvalue of intermediate and final cocoa products specially in small size producing units is still limited, whereas this research is required to support the nationaleconomy and smallholder cocoa farmers. Therefore, this research aims to understand the added value of producing intermediate and final cocoa products at asmall sized enterprises of cocoa processing unit based in Jember, East Java. This research was conducted in March to June 2020 by conducting observation, documentation and interview for understanding the production activities of intermediateproducts (cocoa paste/liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder) and final products (3 in 1 milk powder, milk chocolate bar and dark chocolate bar). The researchresults show that producing intermediate and final products resulted in medium to high added value and profitable for the producing unit. Producing cocoa paste/liquor generated the highest profit among the intermediate cocoa products, meanwhile on final cocoa products, processing 3 in 1 cocoa powder provided thehighest profit. In order to increase the national and community economy, the support of GoI to small and medium enterprise (SMEs) or farmer groups for processing the downstream cocoa products is required. Cocoa is one of the important commodities that significantly contributeto Indonesian economy. Moreover, millions farmers depend on this commodity as their main source of income. However, the low quality of dried cocoa beansproduced by Indonesian smallholder cocoa farmers has led the low farm-gate price. Therefore, efforts for increasing the cocoa income are required. Hilirisasi(down streeming) program has been implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), including in cocoa commodity in order to increase the added value ofcocoa. There are various downstream products, including intermediate and final products that can be produced. The intermediate products include paste/liquor,cocoa butter, and cocoa powder, meanwhile the final products, such as 3 in 1 cocoa powder, milk chocolate bars and dark chocolate bars. Research on addedvalue of intermediate and final cocoa products specially in small size producing units is still limited, whereas this research is required to support the nationaleconomy and smallholder cocoa farmers. Therefore, this research aims to understand the added value of producing intermediate and final cocoa products at asmall sized enterprises of cocoa processing unit based in Jember, East Java. This research was conducted in March to June 2020 by conducting observation, documentation and interview for understanding the production activities of intermediateproducts (cocoa paste/liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder) and final products (3 in 1 milk powder, milk chocolate bar and dark chocolate bar). The researchresults show that producing intermediate and final products resulted in medium to high added value and profitable for the producing unit. Producing cocoa paste/liquor generated the highest profit among the intermediate cocoa products, meanwhile on final cocoa products, processing 3 in 1 cocoa powder provided thehighest profit. In order to increase the national and community economy, the support of GoI to small and medium enterprise (SMEs) or farmer groups for processing the downstream cocoa products is required.
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Cahyanto, T. A., S. Wahjuni, H. Sukoco, H. Rahmawan, and S. N. Neyman. "Intelligent ubiquitous technology as a precision agri-food framework: a proposed framework." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012022.

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Abstract Agri-Food is another term for the agriculture-based food sector, which is currently one of Indonesia’s main pillars of the national economy. One of the well-known plants for agricultural-based food processing called Agri-Food in Indonesia is Cocoa. Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that has an essential role in economic activities in Indonesia. Given the critical role of cocoa as a source of the country’s economy, it must guarantee productivity and quality of cocoa and sustainability. To ensure cocoa productivity and quality sustainability, agricultural activities in today’s era can integrate intelligent ubiquitous technology as a framework for obtaining precise production results. What can measure precision production results from three aspects: increasing agricultural land productivity, reducing production costs, and minimizing the environmental impact. This paper discusses the proposed framework with intelligent ubiquitous technology to support precision agri-food that focuses on context-aware systems. The context-aware system in the proposed framework is expected to become a control center in collecting and processing data in real-time to help farmers make the best decisions regarding weather conditions and diseases caused by plants.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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Lamberti, Filippo. "Economic history of cocoa in Southern Bahia its role on economy, society and culture." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19259.

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Using an historical point of view and using the analysis of Jorge Amado in his books and works on cocoa, I will analyze the relation between Cocoa’s crop and the Bahian society that created the 'cocoa civilization' using Adonias Filho’s words. 'Cocoa' is the umbrella encompassing the varying and often conflicting demands and agendas of cocoa men and women, agencies and authorities. I will analyze the possible causes of the actual crisis of the cocoa economy in Southern Bahia.
Utilizando um ponto vista histórico e usando a análise feita por Jorge Amado nos seus livros e estudos sobre o cacau, analisarei a relação entre a cultura do cacau e a sociedade baiana que criou, segundo a definição de Adonias Filho, a 'civilização do cacau'. 'Cacau' é um conceito que reúne as múltiplas, e muitas vezes conflitantes, demandas e programas dos homens e mulheres, agências e autoridades do cacau. Analisarei as possíveis causas da crise atual da economia do cacau no Sul da Bahia.
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Palinrungi, Rafiuddin. "The institutional interests of upgrading agents in the Indonesian cocoa value chain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15617.

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In the literature on Global Value Chains (GVCs), study about sectoral upgrading and its applications in the real world has initially been applied through lead firms. Recent developments have tended to interpret upgrading as taking place through the actions of three key sets of agents: i) lead firms; ii) development agencies; and iii) states. This thesis attempts to advance understanding of upgrading processes in GVCs through an examination of those three upgrading agents in the cocoa industry of Indonesia. Particularly, the thesis addresses the question of how upgrading interventions are approached and applied by the agents, and to delineate the underlying institutional factors that influence each agent. This thesis finds that the upgrading interventions through policies and programs devised by the development agents are highly influenced by underlying institutional interests. Issues of political economy, ideological views and commercial interests strongly shape the activities of upgrading agents, and therefore the development outcomes of these interventions. Furthermore, it is mostly incidental when these interests align with the development interests of smallholder cocoa farmers. The study also found that upgrading interventions tended to perpetuate the dependency of small producers on external supports, especially their relationship with global cocoa buyers as ‘captive’ suppliers. This thesis concludes with the need to explore deeper the institutional settings within which upgrading agents are embedded, and so which influence the decision making processes in the upgrading interventions along the GVC. Successful upgrading, demands attentiveness to the perspective and interests of potential upgrading agents in the chain. This thesis presents an alternative actor-oriented approach to GVC analysis, which it is argued provides a more realistic assessment of upgrading possibilities within developing countries than previous models.
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GARDINI, MARCO. "Land and conflicts in south Togo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/44889.

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This work analyses the relation that the inhabitants of south-western Togo entertained with land throughout the last century. It explores how modes of access to, and appropriation of, land changed over time following the rise and decline of cocoa economy, the emergence of land market and the policies implemented by central governments. Moreover, via the analyses of land conflicts held by local chieftaincies, this work highlights the plurality of strategies activated by people to reinforce or contest land claims. It argues that land conflict management is the crucial arena for the renegotiation of the legitimacy of the local social and political authorities.
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Ernst, Felix <1991&gt. "The determinants of cocoa supply in Ghana." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15634.

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This thesis elaborates the determinants of cocoa supply in Ghana. It takes a detailed look on the history of cocoa production with a focus on Ghana, the institutional setup in Ghana and analyses changing factors and institution over time. The core of thesis is the analysis of the factors that have an impact on the cocoa suppply. The regression shows that the following determinants are significant in deciding the supply of cocoa beans: area harvested, yield, GDP of high income countries, oil price, the globally available stock of cocoa beans as well as the past cocoa price.
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Acquah, Edward Hans Kofi. "Economic analysis of innovation diffusion processes in agriculture : the case of hybrid cocoa seeds and cocoa spraying chemicals in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384930.

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Hafid, Hiswaty. "Sustainability and economic governance: Reconfiguring cocoa-chocolate production networks in Indonesia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17603.

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The concept of sustainability has recently become integrated into mainstream commercial spheres of cocoa-chocolate industries, whilst the concept remains elusive and debateable in the political sphere. The sustainability initiatives attempt to improve both farm management and farmer livelihoods by voluntarily integrating certification schemes (e.g., RA, Utzcertified, and Fairtrade) along with other initiatives. Exploring the implications of the sustainability initiatives beyond vertical industrial governance, this study contributes to the extant literature on GVCS/GPNs and provides an understanding of the extension of sustainability concept into horizontal extrafirm bargaining strategies. This study highlights the increasing industrial-centred power beyond a reorganisation of industrial activities of two case studies, Mars and Nestlé. The initiatives have resulted an increase vertical coordination with the upstream cocoa production networks, as the schemes become an instrument to minimise the supply risks. Also, the horizontal engagement through public private partnerships has created a negotiation space with extrafirm actors, yet the state participation in sustainability (keberlanjutan) discourse appeared to support local industrialists and the transnational firms to secure cocoa supply. Sustainability has strengthened the firm position in the upstream production networks, but the local actors and farmers continue struggle to overcome increasing market barriers and uneven competition. Eventually, the initiatives emphasize the economic interests, but at the expense of the cheaper productive capital supplied by the smallholder farmers and creating new processes of uneven development.
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Betchem, A. Moubitang Louis Aime. "Entering cocoa business in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Cameroon." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18358.

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The culture of cocoa is one the main drivers of Cameroonian economy, bringing many promises in term of employment and revenues. The business organization around cocoa is developing, taking into consideration, the strategy of economic development deployed by the country, its image as the fifth producer of the world and the opportunity for Cameroon to answer the market increasing demand. We have developed in this paper the business organization around cocoa in Cameroon, the implication for people and administration, its potentialities in term of development and the rules to know when entering cocoa business in Cameroon. When we undertook to work on this topic for the master thesis, it was to connect both 'our project of developing cocoa business in Cameroon' and 'the analysis of local cocoa market and its connections to the international market'. Many sources of data have been analyzed including the information collected through the Internet, the Ministry of Agriculture in Cameroon, the Ministry of Trade, the provincial delegation of agriculture of Centre, cocoa buyers’ information such as Telcar, Sic-Cacao and the Cocoa Development Corporation with is the State corporate, developing cocoa seeds and training farmers. After reviewed the literature and meeting with people, we undertook the analysis of cocoa business organization. Interestingly, the results revealed the implication of local government and the effort they are putting together to reach their objective of positioning Cameroon by 2022 as the second producer of cocoa beans with more than 600.000 tons a year. Reaching such objective means develop business opportunities in term of production, increase export capacity to capture more value and develop local pre-transforming units.
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Díaz, Gómez Jorge. "Perspectivas de la economía alternativa a la hoja de coca." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118118.

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This essay presents the prospects of the alternative crops to the coca leaf, promoted by the Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA), that has been carried out since 1996 in the coca-growing valleys, and that currently faces a difftcult situation.Although during the 199599 period an important increase in the prices and production of coffee and cacao was observed, this situation has revertedever since, and a large increase of the price of the coca leaf, as well as a significant decrease of the prices of coffee and cacao, have been observed. Asa consequence, the small producers of the  coca-growing valleys are abandoning so-called legal crops, among them coffee and cacao, and strongly retaking the production of the coca leaf.In the current situation, characterized by the lack of funding to develop alternative crops to the coca leaf, the possibility that growers agree to financealternative crops with the profits obtained from the production of the coca leaf should be considered, and, on the other hand, the government and theinternational cooperation would agree to provide training, technical assistance, as well as to build up communications and other infrastructure.
En este ensayo se examinan las perspectivas de la economía alternativa a la hoja de coca promovida por el Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA), que se ha estado implementando desde el año de 1996 en los valles cocaleros, y el cual atraviesa actualmente por una complicada situación.Si bien durante el período de 19951999, se apreció un incremento importante de la producción y los precios del café y el cacao, desde entonces se ha dado un cambio en esta situación, observándose un incremento significativo del precio de la hoja de coca y, al mismo tiempo, una disminución sustantiva de los precios del café y el cacao. Como consecuencia de este fenómeno, los pequeños productores de los valles cocaleros están abandonando los cultivos denominados lícitos, entre ellos el café y cacao, y están retornando el cultivo de la hoja de coca con mucha fuerza.En la situación actual, que se caracteriza por la ausencia de fuentes definanciamiento para desarrollar una economía alternativa a la hoja de coca, se debería explorar la posibilidad que los agricultores se comprometan a financiar la economía alternativa con los excedentes que obtienen del cultivo de la hoja de coca y, por otra parte, el gobierno y la cooperación internacionalse comprometerían a financiar la capacitación, asistencia técnica, y construir la infraestructura vial y productiva.
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Wampah, Henry Akpenamawu Kofi. "Agricultural pricing policies in developing countries : the case of cocoa pricing in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72803.

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Heirman, Jonas Leo. "The impact of international actors on domestic agricultural policy : a comparison of cocoa and rice in Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980ac41f-a591-4e23-ab16-deb6df121573.

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The global financial and food crisis of 2007 and 2008 was followed by a surge in foreign interest and investment in African agriculture. Renewed global interest in African agriculture was also accompanied by an increase in international efforts to influence domestic agricultural policies, including in Ghana. In the context of an increasingly globalised food regime and integrated commodity markets, this thesis answers the question: to what extent do international actors impact domestic agricultural policies in Ghana? Policy 'impact' is understood as the marked influence that international actors have on policy goals and the resources, institutions, and knowledge used for achieving them. This thesis compares case studies of cocoa and rice policy over two different periods in Ghana's recent history (1983-1995 and 2003-2012) to understand how international actors use their power and resources to impact agricultural policies. The comparison of cocoa and rice policy is used to address two gaps in existing literature by examining how the impact of international actors relates to: 1) the political economy for a specific crop; and 2) the interaction between actors at international, national and local levels. Findings from the comparative analysis are then used to test existing theories for how international actors influence government policy in Africa more generally. In particular, findings provide new insights into how the impact of international actors on African agricultural policies is strongly associated with the effect of policy decisions on the longer-term political economy for a particular crop.
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Books on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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The year 2010: From a cocoa economy to an oil economy. Accra, Ghana: Centre for Policy Analysis, 2010.

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Titilola, Sunday O. An econometric model of Nigeria's agricultural sector with emphasis on the future of cocoa in the Nigerian economy (1970-1990). Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1997.

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G, Wicks, ed. Materials Innovations in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy: A collection of papers presented at the Materials Innovations in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy Conference, February 24-27, 2008, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Educating the middlemen: A political and economic history of statutory cocoa marketing in Nigeria, 1936-1947. Berlin: Das Arabische Buch, 1995.

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Mikell, Gwendolyn. Cocoa and chaos in Ghana. New York: Paragon House, 1989.

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Cocoa and chaos in Ghana. Washington, D.C: Howard University Press, 1992.

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Gotsch, Nikolaus. Dynamic welfare effects of future biotechnical progress for perennial crops: A theoretical vintage model for different assumptions on supply shift and its application to Malaysian cocoa production. Kiel: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1999.

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Dorosh, Paul Anthony. Impacts of exchange rate changes on the cocoa-food crop farming systems of southwest Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1988.

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Santoir, Christian. Sous l'empire du cacao: Étude diachronique de deux terroirs camerounais. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, 1992.

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Estremadoyro, J. M. La coca. Lima: Surmedsa, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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Huq, M. M. "Cocoa." In The Economy of Ghana, 109–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19749-1_6.

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Huq, Mozammel, and Michael Tribe. "Cocoa." In The Economy of Ghana, 109–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60243-5_6.

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Sundiata, Ibrahim. "Equatorial Guinea: The Struggle for a Cocoa Economy, 1880–1930." In Cocoa Pioneer Fronts since 1800, 105–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24901-5_6.

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Berlan, Amanda. "Child Labour, Education and Child Rights Among Cocoa Producers in Ghana." In The Political Economy of New Slavery, 158–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403937865_10.

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Afolabi, Abiodun Shamsideen. "That They Do Not Labour in Vain: British Colonial Exploitation and Expropriation of Cocoa Industry in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria." In The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria, 63–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_5.

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Osei-Owusu, Yaw, Raymond Owusu-Achiaw, Paa Kofi Osei-Owusu, and Julia Atayi. "Reducing Commodity-Driven Biodiversity Loss: The Case of Pesticide Use and Impacts on Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes (SEPLs) in Ghana." In Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 247–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9893-4_12.

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AbstractGhana’s Western North and Central Regions are biodiversity-rich landscapes. Cocoa is a major commodity produced in these two regions, accounting for over 50% of Ghana’s cocoa output. As part of the efforts to further improve productivity and ecological health of the landscape, the Government of Ghana initiated the Cocoa Disease and Pests Control Programme primarily to control cocoa pests and diseases, including the use of pesticides. In recent times, however, there has been an upsurge in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) that have far-reaching consequences on human and ecological health of the cocoa production landscape. To gain a better understanding of pesticide-use patterns on cocoa farms and address HHP-driven biodiversity loss, Conservation Alliance International (CA) conducted a study within the landscape. The study was based on both qualitative and quantitative research approaches to understand pesticide use and resulting impacts on human and ecological health. In all, 306 cocoa farmers were surveyed. Analysis of the data revealed that about 81% of the cocoa farmers use pesticides to address pests and diseases, causing visible impacts on humans and the environment, including skin irritation, eye irritation, and death of pollinators. Pesticide use was exacerbated by the adverse economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers are therefore advised to take steps to phase out HHPs, promote integrated pest management, and tackle the spread of COVID-19 infections.
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Vandebroek, Ina, and David Picking. "Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)." In Advances in Economic Botany, 95–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48927-4_11.

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Sairam, C. V., and S. Jayasekhar. "World Coconut Economy: Sectoral Issues, Markets and Trade." In The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.) - Research and Development Perspectives, 801–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2754-4_17.

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Jackson, Ian. "Compromise: America, CoCom and the Extension of the East-West Trade Embargo, 1950." In The Economic Cold War, 58–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230510920_5.

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Temple, Ludovic, and Jules-René Minkoua Nzié. "Socio-economic Conditions of Horticultural Diversification in Cocoa Production Systems in Southern Cameroon." In Economics and Ecology of Diversification, 239–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7294-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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Yudyanto, Hendy, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. "The Analysis of The Export Tax Imposition on Indonesian Cocoa Beans: Impacts on Indonesia and Malaysia Cocoa Processing Export Performance." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.11.

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Martinez Baquero, Javier Eduardo, Walter Naranjo Lourido, Diego Armando Rivera Salazar, and Juan De Jesus Umbarila Moreno. "Automated control of Cocoa post-harvest and transformation process to obtain high-quality beans." In The 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: Engineering, Integration, And Alliances for A Sustainable Development” “Hemispheric Cooperation for Competitiveness and Prosperity on A Knowledge-Based Economy”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2020.1.1.544.

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Esan, Oluwasegun. "Cultural heritage: an urban memoir towards Idanre city prosperity." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gnbv3886.

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The present tasks facing most of the cities in Nigeria is over reliance on crude oil. The task ahead is to ensure cities function properly and cater for its inhabitants adequately. Several efforts to diversify and develop other sectors of the economy over the last two decades yielded little result. The crash in global crude oil economy is compelling Nigerian cities to explore alternative source of income. At this crucial time, a closer look at creative industry to leverage on heritage resources is being explored. The paper examines precious Idanre heritage as a developmental tool towards urban prosperity. Idanre is a relatively small and historic town in Ondo State situated at the foot of scenic Idanre hills with unique cultural heritage and propensity to attract diverse tourist locally and internationally. The study adopts qualitative research approach through purposive interview and focus group discussion. Community participation will permit inclusive planning for the city. This research findings include 1350AD ancient palace on the hill: unique Orogho, Usalu and Udale quarters; Orosun Sacred Groove and Festival; Agaga Hills; Idanre Forest Reserve; and small-scale Cocoa Agricultural Estates. Community consensus identified heritage memorabilia, cottage industry, small scale local chocolate industry, community sacred forest tour guides and Orosun festival as to enhance the prosperity of the town. Conclusively, community opinion, cultural custodians, traditional rulers, heritage tourists were various elements of Idanre city system as Idanre city is tied to its heritage resources. The legibility of Idanre city is influenced by heritage resources as the collective memory that can be translated into urban prosperity. This paper recommends that innovation capacity and citizenry interaction are fundamental for desired Idanre prosperity through a robust heritage resource deeply rooted in creative industry rooted in heritage resources. Government need to promote the development of cultural heritage and creative industries. Furthermore, urban planning policies should be in favour of mixed-use, well defined and connected spatial clusters within the urban network. An integrated and comprehensive strategy is also needed for the development of creative industries.
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Zhang, Rui. "Coca Cola Dilemma and Marketing Management Innovation in China." In 7th International Conference on Economy, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220306.057.

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Liu, Shuxin. "COLOR Metaphors for Naming Economy Modes in COCA: What are They?" In IPEC 2021: 2021 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3452446.3452638.

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Asanov, Turusbek, and Marat Kudaikulov. "Multinational Corporation as the Highest Form of Managing in Modern Economic System." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00971.

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example of that multinational corporations are the highest form of managing of capitalist economic system. The notable separation of the countries of economic vanguard from other countries (group of the high-growth countries, the socialist countries, the countries) happened to a transitional economy on the basis of multinational corporation development. The economic aspect of this influence is accurately traced in effective instruments of industrial, scientific and technical, social and economic development. Evolutionary changes of the relations of property, the competition, strengthening of regularity of national economies in capitalist economic system are inseparably linked now with multinational corporation. Even in stronger, in the economic plan, the countries consider multinational corporation not only through a prism of economic influence, but also political domination. This moment is telling argument of finding of multinational corporation in the center of serious discussions concerning their role, positive or negative, in the international division of labor, in processes of movement of the capitals and globalization of world economy. It follows from this that the state economic policy in the Kyrgyz Republic which basis are processes of formation and development of the market relations, has to provide active use of the developed economic forms (in this case multinational corporation) more progressive system of the economic relations, i.e. modern capitalism. In this research attempt of theoretical justification of mutually beneficial cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with multinational corporation which will act as an interaction basis with multinational corporations present at the Kyrgyz Republic ("Kumtor Opereyting Company", Gazprom, Reemstma, Coca-Cola, etc.) is carried out.
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Guo, Xueyao, and Manyu Wen. "Research on Competitive Strategy of Coca-Cola Company." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.467.

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Chu, Bodi. "Analysis on the Success of Coca-Cola Marketing Strategy." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201128.019.

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Gao, Qianhao, Shihui Geng, Yuke Shi, and Shuya Zhao. "Explore the Reasons for Coca-Cola’s High-profit Margins." In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.234.

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Calderón, William, William Fabián Teneda-Llerena, and Jacqueline del Pilar Hurtado Yugcha. "Analysis of the socio-economic situation in the cocoa production chain in the canton of Pangua, Cotopaxi Province." In 1er Congreso Universal de las Ciencias y la Investigación Medwave 2022;. Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2022.s2.uta131.

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Reports on the topic "Cocoa economy"

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Teye, Joseph Kofi, and Ebenezer Nikoi. The Political Economy of the Cocoa Value Chain in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.007.

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The cocoa sector has, historically, been the backbone of the Ghanaian economy. Many households depend directly on the cocoa sector for livelihoods, and aspects of the cocoa industry, such as input supplies to farmers and cocoa pricing, have historically featured prominently in national and local politics. This paper examines the basic underlying political economy dynamics of the cocoa value chain, with particular focus on how the interests, powers and interactions of various actors along the value chain have contributed to agricultural commercialisation in Ghana. The paper also explores the challenges affecting the cocoa value chain, social difference within the chain, and how various segments of the cocoa value chain have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana since March 2020.
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Remi Aiyede, Emmanuel. Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Cocoa and Rice Value Chains in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.005.

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Nigeria has sought to diversify its economy away from dependence on oil as a major source of government revenue through agricultural commercialisation. Agriculture has been a priority sector because it has very high growth potential and the greatest potential for employment and export revenue. The cocoa and rice value chains are central to the government’s engagement with agriculture to achieve these objectives. This paper sets out to investigate the underlying political economy dynamics of the commercialisation of the cocoa and rice value chains in Nigeria in terms of smallholder farm households’ shift from semi-subsistence agriculture to production primarily for market, and predominantly commercial medium- and large-scale farm enterprises complementing or replacing smallholder farm households.
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Chinsinga, Blessings, and Lars Otto Naess. The Political Economy of Agricultural Commercialisation: Insights from Crop Value Chain Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.014.

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This paper is a synthesis of findings from 11 value chains case studies in six countries across sub- Saharan Africa, carried out as part of the APRA programme during 2020–21. The countries and their respective value chains case studies included: Ethiopia (rice), Ghana (oil palm and cocoa), Malawi (groundnuts), Nigeria (maize, cocoa and rice), Tanzania (rice and sunflower) and Zimbabwe (tobacco and maize). A political economy analysis (PEA) framework was used to examine the performance of the selected value chains in the six countries. The starting point for the studies was that the success of the value chains is driven by a combination of several factors, in particular related to the relative importance of a crop in the country’s political settlement, the relative influence of different actors, and, ultimately, its ability to generate and distribute rents. In this synthesis, we ask the following questions: (1) What are the drivers and obstacles to commercialisation in the value chains? (2) What are the key factors affecting rents and outcomes, and for whom? And, (3) what are the future prospects for the value chains?
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Asante, Kofi Takyi. Political Economy of the Oil Palm Value Chain in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.008.

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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is of strategic importance to the Ghanaian economy. It is the second most important industrial crop after cocoa and is used widely in local food preparation as well as in industrial processing. In spite of its importance, however, oil palm has consistently underperformed since the early twentieth century. This paper conducts a value chain analysis of the crop, foregrounding the political economy factors that shape the performance of the sector. It draws on a combination of in-depth interviews conducted in March 2020 with a variety of value chain actors and a review of the secondary literature. Additionally, between late May and early June 2020, twelve further interviews were conducted as part of a rapid market survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the value chain.
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Dzanku, Fred M., and Louis S. Hodey. Achieving Inclusive Oil Palm Commercialisation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.007.

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Oil palm is the most important export crop in Ghana, aside from cocoa. Compared with cocoa, however, oil palm has a more extensive local value chain, including greater opportunity for local industrial and artisanal processing into palm oil and other products, which creates a high potential for employment generation and poverty reduction; as a result oil palm is classified as a priority crop. The selection of oil palm as a priority crop aims to promote agricultural commercialisation through domestic agroindustry development and exports. In spite of this, the oil palm economy has still not achieved its potential, and this begs the question, why? Although it is known in general that commercialisation potential and its benefits are not equally distributed across groups, it is not clear how and why different subgroups (women, men, youth) might benefit differently from the oil palm economy. This brief addresses why different groups of smallholders (women, men, youth) benefit unequally from oil palm value chains, and how returns to oil palm production and marketing could become more inclusive.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Patterns of Change in the Commercialisation of Cocoa in Ghana: Forest Frontiers and Technological Transformation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.045.

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The commercialisation of cocoa production in Ghana has a long history dating back to the nineteenth century. The process of commercial development in cocoa is well documented and provides an alternative mode to contemporary models of commercialisation rooted in the adoption of modern technology and integration of farmers into markets. This working paper critically analyses frameworks for agricultural commercialisation in cocoa through intensification based on the uptake of synthetic inputs and hybrid seeds, by placing agricultural development within a broader framework of the historical development of the frontier in Ghana, and the related problems of ecological and economic crises. The study examines access to land, labour and technology, and how the complex interactions of scarcity of access to physical resources and labour influence farmers’ farming strategies and adoption of technology.
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