Academic literature on the topic 'Cocktail effects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cocktail effects"
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Jimoh, Abdulhameed, and Job Atteh. "Improving the metabolisable energy value of brewers’ dried grains with enzyme cocktails in poultry nutrition." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 63, no. 4 (2018): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1804409j.
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The determination of the positive effects of exogenous enzymes is essential to ensure their inclusion in poultry feed formulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of enzymes on the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of brewers? dried grain (BDG). Xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzymes were used in a completely randomised design to determine the effects of individual exogenous enzymes and their cocktails on poultry metabolisable energy using adult cockerels. There were eight treatments comprising a control and seven experimental treatments with BDG and one, two or three enzymes. The AME values were determined using the intubation method. Data collected were analysed using the statistical analysis system. Enzymes individually and as a cocktail improved the AME value of BDG compared to the control. An increase in the AME value was 3.48%, 5.39%, 5.92%, 14.29%, 18.13%, 23.21% and 29.58% respectively for phytase, xylanase, cocktail of xylanase and phytase, multipurpose enzyme, cocktail of multipurpose enzyme and phytase, cocktail of xylanase and multipurpose enzyme and cocktail of xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzyme. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better (P?0.05) than individual enzymes in their effects on apparent metabolisable energy of BDG. Phytase gave a marginal increase in AME of the studied feedstuff. It has been concluded that the cocktail of enzymes is better than individual enzymes in their effects on AME of BDG. If different enzymes are available, it is recommended that the enzyme with higher units should be used.
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Jimoh, Abdulhameed, and Job Olutimehin Atteh. "The Apparent Metabolisable Energy Values of Palm Kernel Cake as Influenced by Enzymes and Cocktails." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2021.6.2.269.
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This study was conducted to quantify the effects of enzymes and their cocktails on the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of palm kernel cake to maximise enzymes’ advantages. There were eight treatments, each with three replicates in a completely randomised design with T1 as control. The experimental treatments had Xylanase, Multipurpose and phytase enzymes respectively for T2, T3 and T4, and a cocktail of xylanase and multipurpose, a cocktail of xylanase and phytase, cocktail of multipurpose and phytase, and cocktail of xylanase, multipurpose and phytase for T5, T6, T7 and T8. The feeding trial was done using the intubation method. Gross energy values were determined with calorimeter while calculated AME values were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System and treatment means separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results show that individual enzymes, apart from phytase, significantly (p>0.05) improved the AME value of palm kernel cake. Treatment T8 was significantly (p>0.05) better than the other treatments. Each cocktail was significantly better than its respective individual enzymes except cocktail of multipurpose enzyme and phytase that was not significantly different from multipurpose enzyme but significantly (p>0.05) better than phytase. It was concluded that enzymes and cocktail of enzymes could be used to enhance the energy content of nonconventional feedstuffs thereby serving as a replacement to conventional energy feedstuffs.
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Nyczepir, A. P., D. A. Kluepfel, V. Waldrop, and W. P. Wechter. "Soil Solarization and Biological Control for Managing Mesocriconema xenoplax and Short Life in a Newly Established Peach Orchard." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0373-re.
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The effects of soil solarization, with and without a Pseudomonas spp. cocktail or wheat rotation as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax, were investigated from 2004 to 2011. Preplant solarization and soil fumigation (67% methyl bromide + 33% chloropicrin mixture; henceforth, referred to as MBr) was initiated in 2004 in an orchard infested with M. xenoplax and a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of nine treatments: (i) nonsolarized soil-alone, (ii) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail (nonsolar-bacteria), (iii) nonsolarized soil with wheat (nonsolar-wheat), (iv) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (nonsolar-bacteria-wheat), (v) solarized soil-alone, (vi) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail solar-bacteria), (vii) solarized soil with wheat (solar-wheat), (viii) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (solar-bacteria-wheat), and (ix) preplant MBr fumigation. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 2005. Nematode populations were suppressed 20 months longer after orchard establishment in solar-alone and solar-wheat plots than solar-bacteria and solar-bacteria-wheat plots. Pseudomonas spp. cocktails did not have a pronounced effect in suppressing M. xenoplax in this study. Fumigation effect on M. xenoplax population density dissipated 24 months after application. Solar-wheat-treated soil was as effective as preplant MBr fumigation in increasing tree survival from PTSL for at least 6 years after orchard establishment.
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Kim, Byeori, Seung Yeup Lee, Jungkum Park, Sujin Song, Kwang-Pyo Kim, and Eunjung Roh. "Bacteriophage Cocktail Comprising Fifi044 and Fifi318 for Biocontrol of Erwinia amylovora." Plant Pathology Journal 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2024.0005.
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Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen that causes fire blight on apples and pears. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively infect specific species of bacteria and are harmless to animal cells, have been considered as biological control agents for the prevention of bacterial pathogens. In this study, we aimed to use bacteriophages that infect E. amylovora as biocontrol agents against fire blight. We isolated bacteriophages Fifi044 and Fifi318 infecting E. amylovora, and characterized their morphology, plaque form, and genetic diversity to use as cocktails for disease control. The stabilities of the two phages were investigated at various temperatures and pH values and under sunlight, and long-term storage experiment was conducted for a year. To evaluate whether the two phages were suitable for use in cocktail form, growth curves of E. amylovora were prepared after treating the bacterial cells with single phages and a phage cocktail. In addition, a disease control test was conducted using immature apples and in vitro cultured apple plantlets to determine the biocontrol effects of the phage cocktail. The two phages were morphologically and genetically different, and highly stable up to 50°C and pH value from 4 to 10. The phages showed synergistic effect when used as a cocktail in the inhibition of host bacterial growth and the disease control. This study demonstrated that the potential of the phage cocktail as a biocontrol agent for commercial use.
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Reynolds, Stewart, and Alan Hill. "'Cocktail' effects - stirred, not shaken....yet." Pesticide Outlook 13, no. 5 (October 28, 2002): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b209411h.
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Hosseindoust, AR, SH Lee, JS Kim, YH Choi, HS Noh, JH Lee, PK Jha, IK Kwon, and BJ Chae. "Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling piglets." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 2 (February 13, 2017): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2016-vetmed.
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In this study, the antibacterial substances ZnO, organic acids and a bacteriophage cocktail were added to the diet of weanling pigs to evaluate the effects on gut health. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any supplementation (Control) and basal diet either supplemented with 0.34% (2500 ppm) ZnO, 0.20% organic acids or with 0.10% bacteriophage cocktail. Faecal score was decreased in ZnO and bacteriophage cocktail treatments. The total number of ileal anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were higher in ZnO, bacteriophage cocktail and organic acids, while ileal coliforms and caecal Clostridium spp. were decreased in comparison to Control. Faecal coliforms (Day 7 and Day 21) and Clostridium spp. (Day 21 and Day 35) were lower in bacteriophage cocktail. The gain to feed ratio was improved in all supplemented groups. The digestibility of dry matter was increased at the end of the experiment in all supplemented groups, while that of crude protein was increased only at Day 21 in bacteriophage cocktail. Duodenal villus height was increased in ZnO and bacteriophage cocktail. Bacteriophage cocktail also showed a greater villus height in the small intestine. Supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail in weaning pig diets resulted in better growth performance, digestibility and gut development compared to Control, and thus, it can be concluded that its effects are comparable to ZnO or organic acids supplementation.
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Celander, Malin C. "Cocktail effects on biomarker responses in fish." Aquatic Toxicology 105, no. 3-4 (October 2011): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.002.
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Sizikova, T. E., G. V. Borisevich, D. V. Shcheblyakov, D. A. Burmistrova, and V. N. Lebedev. "THE USE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 63, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-6-245-249.
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Some drugs candidates for treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD), have been studied, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have shown great potential as EVD therapeutics. The advantages of mAb therapy include low toxicity, high specificity and versatility, with the range of biological effects being dependent upon the Fc region. Functions of mAbs include pathogen opsonisation, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and virus neutralization characteristics. The most known mAb cocktail, used as therapeutic, is ZMapр, manufactured by «Leaf Biopharmaceutical» from 2004. The elaborated mAb cocktails, structures and properties s of mAbs, the protective characteristics of mAbs and development of new pan-ebolavirus mAbs are reviewed in this article.
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WESCHE, ALISSA M., BRADLEY P. MARKS, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Thermal Resistance of Heat-, Cold-, and Starvation-Injured Salmonella in Irradiated Comminuted Turkey." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.942.
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To investigate the effects of sublethal stress on Salmonella thermal inactivation kinetics, an eight-strain Salmonella cocktail was subjected to heat shock (30 min at 54°C), cold shock (2 h at 4°C), and starvation stress (10 days in phosphate buffer at 4°C), harvested by centrifugation, and inoculated into irradiated comminuted turkey. Immediately after stressing, the Salmonella cocktails contained 89.1% heat-injured, 44.7% cold-injured, and 67.7% starvation-injured cells, as determined by plating on selective and nonselective media. D60°C-values for the heat-shocked cocktail (0.64 min on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.6% yeast extract [TSAYE], 0.35 min on xylose lysine desoxycholate [XLD] agar) were higher (P < 0.05) than those for the unshocked control (0.41 min on TSAYE, 0.17 min on XLD), whereas D60°C-values for the cold-shocked cocktail (0.38 min on TSAYE, 0.17 min on XLD) were not significantly different from those for the control. Starved cells had the same D60°C-value on TSAYE as did the unshocked cocktail, but the D60°C-value on XLD was significantly lower (0.14 min). Although starvation and cold shock were not thermally protective, heat shock increased thermal resistance, indicating that product history and the physiological state of the Salmonella cells should be considered when developing and validating thermal processes. D60°C-values observed on selective media were significantly lower than those observed on nonselective media for all stress treatments and for the control. Therefore, nonselective culture media should be used to assess the response of microorganisms to a thermal challenge when developing performance standards for lethality.
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Barbacini, Pietro, Dieter Blottner, Daniele Capitanio, Gabor Trautmann, Katharina Block, Enrica Torretta, Manuela Moriggi, Michele Salanova, and Cecilia Gelfi. "Effects of Omega-3 and Antioxidant Cocktail Supplement on Prolonged Bed Rest: Results from Serum Proteome and Sphingolipids Analysis." Cells 11, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11132120.
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Physical inactivity or prolonged bed rest (BR) induces muscle deconditioning in old and young subjects and can increase the cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) with dysregulation of the lipemic profile. Nutritional interventions, combining molecules such as polyphenols, vitamins and essential fatty acids, can influence some metabolic features associated with physical inactivity and decrease the reactive oxidative and nitrosative stress (RONS). The aim of this study was to detect circulating molecules correlated with BR in serum of healthy male subjects enrolled in a 60-day BR protocol to evaluate a nutritional intervention with an antioxidant cocktail as a disuse countermeasure (Toulouse COCKTAIL study). The serum proteome, sphingolipidome and nitrosoproteome were analyzed adopting different mass spectrometry-based approaches. Results in placebo-treated BR subjects indicated a marked decrease of proteins associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) involved in lipemic homeostasis not found in the cocktail-treated BR group. Moreover, long-chain ceramides decreased while sphingomyelin increased in the BR cocktail-treated group. In placebo, the ratio of S-nitrosylated/total protein increased for apolipoprotein D and several proteins were over-nitrosylated. In cocktail-treated BR subjects, the majority of protein showed a pattern of under-nitrosylation, except for ceruloplasmin and hemopexin, which were over-nitrosylated. Collectively, data indicate a positive effect of the cocktail in preserving lipemic and RONS homeostasis in extended disuse conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cocktail effects"
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Tao, Yuanyuan. "Effects of Cranberry Juice Cocktail on Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Uropathogenic Bacteria." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1137.
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"American cranberry (Vacciniumm macrocarpon) has been long known for its benefits in maintaining urinary tract health. Clinical trials have shown that drinking cranberry juice can prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in various subpopulations that are prone to UTIs, especially women, but the mechanisms by which cranberry acts against uropathogenic bacteria are still unclear. Studies showed that when exposed to cranberry juice or A- PACs, a group of tannins that are unique to cranberry, the adhesion activity and biofilm formation of uropathogenic bacteria were reduced. However, the metabolism of cranberry juice has not be elucidated, therefore further study is needed to find out whether the anti-bacterial components in cranberry could survive the digestive system and reach the urinary tract, and how the components or metabolites remaining in urine act against uropathogenic bacteria. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the surface adhesion force of uropathogenic E. coli incubated with urine samples that were collected from volunteers after drinking 16 oz. of cranberry juice cocktail (CJC) or water. The urine samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after CJC or water consumption. When incubated with post-water urine, the adhesion forces of pathogenic bacteria that have fimbriae (E. coli B37, B73, B78, BF1023, CFT 073, and J96) did not change; whereas the adhesion forces of these strains decreased over the 8 hour period after CJC consumption. The control strain that does not have frimbriae, E. coli HB101, showed low adhesion force when incubated with post-water and post-CJC urine. In a human red blood cell agglutination (HRBC) assay, the attachment of pathogenic E. coli to red blood cells was significantly lower after exposed to post-CJC urine, compared to those exposed to post-water urine. These results indicate the anti-bacteria components or metabolites of CJC stay active in urine, and these compounds prevent adhesion of E. coli by reducing fimbriae-mediated adhesion. We also examined the effects of drinking CJC on biofilm formation of uropathogenic bacteria. Female volunteers were given 16 oz. of CJC or placebo, and their urine was collected at 0, 2, 8, 24, and 48 hours after consumption. Bacteria (E. coli B37, CFT073, BF1023, HB101, and S. aureus ATCC43866) were cultured in a mixture of urine and growth media in 96 well microtiters. The biofilm formed was quantified by staining the biofilm dissolved in a solvent with crystal violet and measuring the absorbance at 600 nm. The results showed that biofilm formation was reduced within 24 hours after CJC consumption, and it started to increase after 48 hours, possibly due to the washout of CJC in the system. These studies suggest that CJC can be an effective preventive measure for UTIs as it inhibits adhesion and biofilm formation of uropathogenic bacteria."
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Stout, Breanna. "Short term effects of annual ryegrass, red clover and hairy vetch cover crops on various indicators of soil health." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18716.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Philip L. Barnes
The world’s population has passed 7 billion and is expected grow to more alarming numbers by the year 2050. The increase in human life on the planet ushers the need to responsibly and sustainably grow more food. In order to meet the demand necessary, it is crucial that soil remains healthy and crop yields continue to increase in efficiency. Irresponsible or ill-informed practices can lead to depleted resources and degradation of fertile soils that may limit a producers’ ability to sustainably grow food. Cover crops are a tool that can be used to address issues the modern producer may face. Cover crops have been shown to increase cash crop productivity, improve soil health by improving soil physical and chemical properties as well as providing protection from soil erosion runoff or nutrient leaching. A study was conducted in 2014 to examine the short term effects associated with cover cropping systems. The effects of ryegrass, red clover and a cover crop cocktail (mixture of ryegrass, red clover and hairy vetch) compared to bare tilled and bare control plots were studied. The five treatments were replicated three times in a completely randomized study and analyzed. Soil physical health indicators such as bulk density and porosity were calculated. Soil and cover crop nutrient use, as well as, soil moisture content data was collected and analyzed using excel and ANOVA statistical procedures. In the short term, the study found that there was only statistically significant differences between cover cropping regimens, tilled and control plots in regards to biomass production and biomass nutrient concentrations (α=0.05). The cocktail mix provided more biomass, N and P than the ryegrass and clover plots alone. Observable differences in cover crop volumetric soil moisture and water used between plots demonstrated that cover crops utilize soil moisture in the short term, which must be considered in areas experiencing water stress. Although more long-term data is needed to truly quantify how cover crops effect various aspects of soil health, this study demonstrated how cover crops have the potential for providing numerous benefits such as increased erosion control, lower reliance on anthropogenically created nutrients and the reduction of weeds. Overall the benefits associated with cover crops are still being researched and while adoption of cover cropping systems has been slow, a push towards agricultural sustainability while increasing food production will increase the amount of producers utilizing cover crops in the coming years.
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Borreca, Adrien. "Biodégradation des micropolluants à l’interface sédiment-eau, approche biomoléculaire et géochimique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH003.
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Les micropolluants, dont les pesticides et les résidus pharmaceutiques, constituent une menace pour les écosystèmes aquatiques. Dans ces écosystèmes, les micropolluants rencontrent l'interface sédiment-eau (SWI), une zone biogéochimiquement active pour leur dissipation. Cette thèse examine les facteurs environnementaux impliqués dans la dégradation des micropolluants emblématiques, tels que le (S)-métolachlore (herbicide agricole), le terbutryn (biocide urbain) et la metformine (médicament antidiabétique), dans des microcosmes de laboratoire mimant l'interface eau-sédiment. Elle explore comment les communautés procaryotes répondent à l'exposition à des mélanges de micropolluants, à des événements de contamination successifs et à des conditions variables d'oxygène. La metformine et le métolachlore se sont dissipés, tandis que la terbutryne persiste. La metformine se dégrade aussi en anoxie. L'analyse de séquence des amplicons du gène 16S ARNr a mis en évidence des réponses distinctes des communautés microbiennes dans les expériences avec des micropolluants individuels ou en mélanges, ainsi qu'un effet combiné de l'exposition à la metformine et des alternances des conditions d'oxygène. Un nouveau modèle a mis en évidence des effets non additifs, antagonistes et synergiques des micropolluants sur des taxons spécifiques. Enfin, des expériences exploratoires de marquage isotopique stable avec du glucose 13C et de la metformine 13C2-méthylée permettent d’identifier les procaryotes assimilant potentiellement la metformine-diméthylamine. Cette thèse fournit un cadre pour l’étude des dynamiques régissant le comportement des micropolluants et souligne la diversité des interactions potentielles entre les micropolluants, les communautés procaryotes et les facteurs environnementaux dans l'étude de l'interface eau-sédiment multi-contaminéeMicropollutants, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals, pose a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, micropollutants encounter the sediment-water interface (SWI), a crucial biogeochemical hotspot for their dissipation. This PhD thesis examines the effects of environmental factors on the degradation of emblematic micropollutants, such as (S)-metolachlor (agricultural herbicide), terbutryn (urban biocide) and metformin (antidiabetic drug) in laboratory microcosms mimicking the sediment-water interface. Additionally, it explores how prokaryotic communities respond to exposure to micropollutant mixtures, successive contamination events, and varying oxygen conditions. Dissipation of metformin and metolachlor occurred while terbutryn persisted. Metformin dissipation also occurred under anoxic conditions. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons evidenced distinct responses of prokaryotic communities in experiments with individual micropollutant or mixtures thereof, and a combined effect of metformin exposure and alternances of oxygen conditions. A newly developed model highlighted non-additive antagonistic and synergistic effects of micropollutants on specific taxa across taxonomic levels. Finally, exploratory Stable Isotope Probing experiments with 13C-glucose and methyl-labelled 13C2-metformin were designed to identify potential metformin-dimethylamine assimilating prokaryotes. Altogether, this thesis provides a framework to investigate dynamics governing the behaviour of micropollutant mixtures and underscores the diversity of potential interactions between micropollutants, prokaryotic communities, and environmental factors in the study of multi-contaminated SWI
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Almasri, Hanine. "Toxicologie des mélanges de pesticides chez des abeilles exposées à un agent pathogène : action combinée de l'agent pathogène Nosema ceranae, de l'insecticide imidaclopride, du fongicide difénoconazole et de l'herbicide glyphosate Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees Toxicity of the pesticides imidacloprid, difenoconazole and glyphosate alone and in binary and ternary mixtures to winter honey bees: effects on survival and antioxidative defenses Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0722.
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Les données scientifiques actuelles suggèrent un déclin de la diversité et de l’abondance des insectes, y compris les abeilles domestiques Apis mellifera. Ces dernières sont confrontées à de fortes pertes de colonies dans plusieurs régions du monde telles que l’ouest de l’Europe et les États-Unis. De nombreuses études suggèrent que l’origine du déclin des colonies d’abeilles est multicausale et identifient les pesticides et les agents pathogènes comme étant les principaux contributeurs à ce déclin. La co-exposition des abeilles à de multiples pesticides et l’infection par plusieurs pathogènes constituent un phénomène courant. Cependant, les recherches sur les effets des mélanges de pesticides n’ont pas fait l’objet d’un intense développement. Ainsi, les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été focalisés sur la détermination de la toxicité des mélanges de pesticides, appliqués à des niveaux d’exposition environnementaux, en présence d’un agent pathogène. Le choix s’est porté sur l’étude des interactions entre un insecticide néonicotinoïde, l’imidaclopride, un fongicide azole, le difénoconazole, et un herbicide, le glyphosate, en présence de l’agent pathogène Nosema ceranae. Les résultats des différentes études effectuées durant cette thèse, révèlent la complexité des études sur les mélanges de pesticides. Ces travaux nous ont permis de constater que les effets d’un mélange de pesticides peuvent fortement varier en fonction des concentrations des pesticides constituant le mélange. L’augmentation du nombre de substances et du niveau d’exposition, n’induit pas nécessairement une augmentation de la toxicité du mélange. De plus, les effets du mélange peuvent varier en fonction de la séquence d’exposition aux pesticides et de l’état sanitaire des abeilles. Les mélanges de pesticides affectent l’état physiologique des abeilles suite à une réponse systémique liée à des perturbations de mécanisme généraux tels que le stress oxydant. Cependant, ces trois pesticides, seuls et en mélanges n’ont aucun effet sur l’installation du microbiote intestinal à des niveaux d’exposition environnementauxCurrent scientific findings suggest a decline in the diversity and abundance of insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. The latter are facing high colony losses in several regions of the world such as Western Europe and the United States. Numerous studies suggest that the origin of bee colony decline is multi-causal and identify pesticides and pathogens as the main contributors to this decline. Co-exposure of honey bees to multiple pesticides and infection by multiple pathogens are common phenomena. However, research on the effects of pesticide mixtures has not been extensively developed. Thus, the thesis work has focused on determining the toxicity of pesticide mixtures, applied at environmental exposure levels, in the presence of pathogens. The choice was made to study the interactions between a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, an azole fungicide, difenoconazole, and a herbicide, glyphosate, in the presence of the pathogen Nosema ceranae. The results of the different studies, carried out during this thesis, reveal the complexity of the studies on pesticide mixtures. The work allowed us to notice that the effects of a pesticide mixture can vary according to the concentrations of the pesticides constituting the mixture. The increase of the number of substances and the level of exposure does not necessarily induce an increase of the toxicity of the mixture. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture may vary depending on the sequence of exposure to the different pesticides and the health status of the honey bees. Pesticide mixtures affect the physiological state of individuals as a result of a systemic response related to disturbances of general mechanisms such as oxidative stress. However, these three pesticides, alone and in mixtures, have no effect on the installation of the intestinal microbiota at environmental exposure levels
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Gaffard, Agathe. "(Sur) Vivre en milieu agricole : approche systémique des effets sublétaux des pesticides sur l'état de santé de la perdrix grise (Perdix Perdix)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS001.
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, le déclin des oiseaux spécialistes des milieux agricoles anime le monde scientifique à travers une large documentation sur les causes et les conséquences de ce phénomène. Une des questions clefs porte sur la part de responsabilité des pesticides dans cette tendance, car les études menées jusqu’ici indiquent des relations de cause à effet sans pour autant identifier clairement les mécanismes sous-jacents. L'un des défis majeurs est donc de fournir des faits pertinents sur le plan biologique pour une meilleure évaluation des risques liés aux pesticides pour les oiseaux des champs. Ainsi, le but de cette thèse était d’appréhender les effet sublétaux des pesticides sur les traits d’histoire de vie de la perdrix grise (Perdix perdix) à la fois à l’aide d’expérimentations en conditions contrôlées mais aussi de suivi d’individus sauvages. Associée à la survie et à la reproduction, l’approche multi-trait réalisée ici a permis d’appréhender (1) les effets négatifs des pesticides sur plusieurs traits d’histoire de vie des perdrix, à la fois en captivité mais aussi in natura, (2) l’omniprésence de cocktails de pesticides dans le sang des oiseaux et leurs liens avec les effets sublétaux, (3) l’importance de prendre en compte les processus évolutifs dans les effets à long terme des pesticides en considérant les effets parentaux et la plasticité phénotypique des individus et enfin (4) la nécessité d’utiliser le biomonitoring des espèces sentinelles pour un meilleur suivi de la contamination des agroécosystèmes à l’échelle locale mais aussi comme outil de développement et de mise en place de zones refuges à l’exposition aux pesticidesFor several decades, the farmland bird decline has been the subject of much scientific attention, with a large body of literature on the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. One of the major issue is whether pesticides are responsible for this trend, as studies conducted so far indicate cause and effect relationships without clearly identifying the underlying mechanisms. A major challenge is thus to provide biologically relevant evidences for a better assessment of pesticide-related risks to farmland birds. The aim of this thesis was to study the sublethal effects of pesticides on the life history traits of the grey partridge (Perdix perdix) using both experiments under controlled conditions and monitoring of free-living birds. In combination with survival and reproduction, the multi-trait approach carried out here allowed us to understand (1) the deleterious effects of pesticides on several life history traits of partridges, both in captivity and in natura, (2) the ubiquity of pesticide cocktails in the blood of birds and their links with sublethal effects, (3) the importance of considering evolutionary processes in the long-term effects of pesticides by considering parental effects and phenotypic plasticity of individuals and finally (4) the need to use biomonitoring of sentinel species for a better monitoring of the contamination of agroecosystems at the local scale but also as a tool for the development and implementation of refuge areas to pesticide exposure
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Mullins, Atty Thomas. "AudioStreamer--leveraging the cocktail party effect for efficient listening." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34328.
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Canagarajah, Cedric Nishanthan. "Digital signal processing techniques for speech enhancement in hearing aids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260433.
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Roustan, Audrey. "Génotoxicité du glyphosate, de l'atrazine et de leurs produits de dégradation seuls et en mélanges : étude de l'effet protecteur d'un cocktail de plantes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5066.
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Le glyphosate, l’atrazine, et leurs principaux produits de dégradation (la déséthyl-atrazine ou DEA, et l’amino methyl phosphoric acid ou AMPA) sont parmi les pesticides les plus utilisés dans le monde et en France. Ils sont retrouvés en grande quantité dans plusieurs matrices environnementales dans les denrées alimentaires et les eaux de boisson.L’objectif de notre travail a été d’évaluer le potentiel génotoxique et mutagène in vitro et in vivo de ces quatre pesticides seuls et en mélanges, puis d’étudier les effets protecteurs d’un mélange d’extrait de plantes anti-mutagènes (Berberis vulgaris, Arctium lappa et Taraxacum officinalis) (DIG) sur la génotoxicité du mélange des quatre pesticides.Les résultats de notre étude in vitro ont montré que le potentiel génotoxique des pesticides dépend de leur environnement physico-chimique, et que les mélanges de pesticides peuvent révéler des propriétés génotoxiques bien plus importantes que celles prévisibles lors de l’exposition aux molécules individuelles avec survenue d’un effet cocktail. Les résultats de notre étude in vivo ont établi la puissante activité génotoxique et mutagène du mélange composé de quatre pesticides. Ils ont mis en évidence les effets cocktails qui peuvent se produire dans les mélanges de pesticides soulignant les limites des stratégies toxicologiques habituelles. Nous avons montré que les cellules cérébrales sont la principale cible des pesticides, probablement en rapport avec une importante sensibilité au stress oxydatif. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons démontré les effets protecteurs de DIG sur la génotoxicité/mutagénicité du mélange des quatre pesticidesGlyphosate, atrazine, and their main degradation products (desethyl-atrazine or DEA, and the amino methyl phosphoric acid or AMPA) are among the most widely used pesticides in the world and in France. They are found in large quantities in several environmental matrices but also in food and drinking water.The aim of our work was to evaluate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity in vitro and in vivo of these four pesticides, alone and in mixtures, and to study the protective effects of a mixture composed with extracts of anti-mutagenic plants (Berberis vulgaris, Arctium lappa and Taraxacum officinalis) (DIG) on the genotoxicity of the mixture of four pesticides.The results of our in vitro study showed that the genotoxic potential of pesticides depends on their physico-chemical environment, and that mixtures of pesticides can reveal genotoxic properties more important than those predictable during the exposure to individual molecules, with occurrence of a cocktail effect. The results of our in vivo study clearly established the powerful genotoxic and mutagenic activity of the mixture of four pesticides. They highlighted the cocktail effects that may occur in mixtures of pesticides, underlining the limits of conventional toxicological strategies based on an individual assessment of the molecules. We have shown that brain cells are the main target of pesticides, probably related to a significant sensitivity to oxidative stress. In the third part, we demonstrated the protective effects of DIG on the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the mixture of four pesticides
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Hägg, Karolina. "The Cocktaail effect : As soon as it ripens it rots." Thesis, Konstfack, Ädellab/Metallformgivning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4166.
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This essay will explain some of the key concepts of my theoretical interests of my artistic practice. “The cocktail effect” is a work where I use corpus and a table setting as basis for my investigation into the ambivalence I experience in the food culture of today. It is an investigation into all chemicals found in food, how they affect our bodies, and into the relation between the two and the field of corpus and craft. The work consists of a table, a chair and a setting on the table. The table setting is the central point of my work, together with the different objects and corpus pieces that constitute it. The objects and their materials are a part of the investigation and my media to bring forth the questions and concerns I have about today´s food culture. In the essay I explain the different material choices, what they for me symbolize and what kind of culture the material already has. I also explain the concept of using a table setting to tell my story and how my work relates to the field of corpus and the time we live in. I have looked at ongoing discussions concerning foods, trends happening within the field, studies that describe the effect that chemicals have on our bodies and also documentations that describes the processing of food. I have transformed this information and material into a table setting, which talks about the ignorance and the ambivalence that exists in our food culture and highlights facts that are kept hidden from us. In my work and in my essay I describe and investigate how I can use the field of corpus to tell the story of our everyday food culture.
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Smith, Rose-Michelle. "Transfert de polluants émergents issus du secteur de la santé entre les compartiments sol/sédiment et eau en présence de cuivre- Effet cocktail." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS047.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d'étudier le comportement de produits pharmaceutiques dans l’environnement aux interfaces sédiment/sol-eau afin de mieux comprendre les processus mis en jeu suite à leur rejet, leur devenir et leur impact. Ainsi la rétention de quatre produits pharmaceutiques a été étudiée sur différents solides (sol/sédiment). La capacité d’échange cationique a été identifiée comme le paramètre prépondérant gouvernant la rétention du propranolol, le pH gouvernant celle du sotalol. Dans le cas des mélanges de contaminants, une compétition pour les sites de surface a pu être mise en évidence avec notamment une diminution de l’adsorption du sotalol et du furosémide. L’influence du cuivre, métal ubiquiste dans l’environnement, sur la rétention des produits pharmaceutiques a également été étudiée. Si celui-ci n’a pas eu d’influence sur la rétention du propranolol, du sotalol et du furosémide, il a par contre augmenté la mobilité du sulfaméthoxazole dans l’environnement en diminuant son adsorption. Enfin, il a été montré que la présence de ces polluants dans l’environnement induit des effets toxiques sur des organismes aquatiquesThis thesis aims at studying the behaviour of pharmaceuticals in the environment at sediment/soil-water interfaces in order to better understand the involved processes following their release, their fate and their impact. Thus, the retention of four pharmaceuticals was investigated on different solids (soil/sediment). The cation exchange capacity has been identified as the parameter governing the propranolol retention and the pH value governing sotalol adsorption. In the case of contaminant mixtures, a competition for the surface sites was evidenced with in particular a decrease of sotalol and furosemide adsorption.The influence of copper, a ubiquitous metal in the environment, on pharmaceutical retention was also studied. Although copper did not influence the retention of propranolol, sotalol and furosemide, its presence increased the mobility of sulfamethoxazole in the environment by decreasing its adsorption. Finally, it has been shown that the presence of these pollutants in the environment induced toxic effects on aquatic organisms
Books on the topic "Cocktail effects"
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Kramer, S. J. 14C measurement: Effect of variations in sample preparation and storage on the counting efficiency for 14C using a carbo-sorb/permafluor E+ liquid scintillation cocktail. Chalk River, Ont: Environmental Research Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, 1995.
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Stuttaford, Thomas. To your good health!: The wise drinker's guide. London: Faber, 1997.
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Mass Effect: The Official Cocktail Book. Insight Editions, 2024.
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Toxic Cocktail: How Chemical Pollution Is Poisoning Our Brains. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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Huq, Aziz Z. The Collapse of Constitutional Remedies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556818.001.0001.
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This book describes and explains the failure of the federal courts of the United States to act and to provide remedies to individuals whose constitutional rights have been violated by illegal state coercion and violence. This remedial vacuum must be understood in light of the original design and historical development of the federal courts. At its conception, the federal judiciary was assumed to be independent thanks to an apolitical appointment process, a limited supply of adequately trained lawyers (which would prevent cherry-picking judges), and the constraining effect of laws and constitutional provision. Each of these checks failed. A first consequence was that the early federal judicial system was highly dependent on Congress. Not until the last quarter of the nineteenth century did a robust federal judiciary start to emerge. And it was only in the first quarter of the twentieth century that the federal courts took something like their present form. The book then charts how pressure from Congress and the White House has continued to shape courts’ behavior—first eliciting a mid-twentieth-century explosion in individual remedies, and then driving a five-decade-long collapse. Judges themselves have not avidly resisted this decline, in part because of ideological reasons and in part out of institutional worries about a ballooning docket. Today, as a result of these trends, the courts are stingy with individual remedies, but aggressively enforce the so-called structural constitution of the separation of powers and federalism. This cocktail has highly regressive effects. It is in clear need of reform.
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Stuttaford, Thomas. To Your Good Health!: The Wise Drinker's Guide. Faber & Faber, 1998.
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Esbaugh, Andrew J., Alexis Khursigara, and Jacob Johansen. "Toxicity in Aquatic Environments: The Cocktail Effect." In Development and Environment, 203–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75935-7_9.
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Darrell, Trevor, John W. Fisher, and Paul Viola. "Audio-visual Segmentation and “The Cocktail Party Effect”." In Advances in Multimodal Interfaces — ICMI 2000, 32–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40063-x_5.
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Pezzuto, John M., and Ole Vang. "Perspective: A Positive Cocktail Effect of the Bioactive Components in the Diet." In Natural Products for Cancer Chemoprevention, 613–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39855-2_19.
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Banaee, Mahdi. "Toxicological Interaction Effects of Herbicides and the Environmental Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms." In New Insights in Herbicide Science [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105843.
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Although herbicides are designed to remove or control weeds, pollution of water ecosystems with herbicides could have adverse effects on aquatic animals such as fish. The effect of herbicides on nontarget organisms may be different than expected, as herbicides may interact with another environmental contaminant. Since there are different contaminants in the water, fish may live in the cocktail of xenobiotics, including herbicides. Therefore, herbicides alone and in combination with other pollutants could affect fish physiology. Thus, the interaction of environmental contaminants with pesticides may create a situation in which a chemical affects the activity of a pesticide; that is, its effects increase or decrease or produce a new effect that neither of them creates on its own. These interactions may occur due to accidental misuse or lack of knowledge about the active ingredients in the relevant materials. This study aimed to review the effects of herbicides alone and in combination with other xenobiotics on various aspects of fish biology. In this study, different biomarkers were reviewed in fish exposed to herbicides.
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Drumbl, Mark A., and Barbora Holá. "Informer File-Stories." In Informers Up Close, 101–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855138.003.0004.
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Abstract Chapter 4 features ‘up close’ the file-stories of six actual informers. These gripping, high-resolution narratives demonstrate the complexities of the relationships between state and society in Communist Czechoslovakia. They reveal the social engineering effects of the state and the agentic contributory role of individuals. Each file-story showcases a deeply personal cocktail of emotions that pulled informers towards and pushed informers away from the StB and vivifies how these sentiments changed and morphed over time. In the Czechoslovak context, this granular and detailed portrayal unsettles assumptions of the uniformity of informer motivations which largely infuse transitional justice mechanisms and historical narratives.
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Zahra, Zahra, Zunaira Habib, and Brian Moon. "Risk Assessment of Emerging Water Pollutants." In Emerging Water Pollutants: Concerns and Remediation Technologies, 119–43. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97897815040739122010008.
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A complex mixture of pollutants in wastewater runs down from different sources into the aquatic environment, with potential hazards to aquatic organisms, human health, and the environment. Among these water pollutants, F− , NO3 − , and heavy metals (Cd, Pb Hg, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, etc.) are considered conventional pollutants, whereas nanomaterials, pharmaceutical compounds, personal care products, pesticides, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), artificial sweeteners, surfactants, etc. are known as emerging water pollutants. This cocktail of water pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem is a real danger, leading to detrimental effects. This chapter discussed the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of the emerging water pollutants, especially the nanomaterials. The ERA of emerging pollutants will help indicate potential risks associated with these substances, highlighting the importance of their hazard identification, dose-response and exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This information will give insights into the recent findings related to the pollutants’ effects and their assessment approach.
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"Chapter Four. The Blue Gardenia, Club Pigalle, and Daniel’s: Charting the Alienation Effect in Film Noir." In Jazz and Cocktails, 49–60. University of Texas Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/312261-007.
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"Virtual Schmoozing: The Ever Popular Cocktail Party Effect." In Digital Mythologies, 114–17. Rutgers University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813568058-021.
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Lieberman, Mira. "Assessing the impact of pesticides on natural capital and biodiversity." In Protecting natural capital and biodiversity in the agri-food sector, 111–32. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2023.0128.11.
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Pesticides used prophylactically in intensive farming negatively affect non-target organisms, contributing to the acceleration of species extinction. This chapter considers key issues of pesticide toxicity that harm biodiversity and the natural world, including the adjuvant problem and the cocktail effect. The chapter examines these issues and the pesticide authorisation process, and asks whether these mechanisms provide the protection necessary for wildlife, the soil and the wider natural environment. The case study explores the effect of pesticide use on endangered hedgehog.
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Greenwood, John C. "Vasopressor cocktails (we all have drug shortages)." In Critical Care Emergencies, edited by Lillian Liang Emlet, 149–56. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082581.003.0016.
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Abstract In critically ill patients with circulatory shock, rapid identification of hemodynamic derangements and targeted therapy to reverse underlying pathophysiology are required. Current guideline recommendations often suggest first- and second-line choices for vasopressor and inotropic therapy. However, each vasoactive medication has a therapeutic profile that can benefit but can also potentially harm a patient based on their underlying pathophysiology and comorbidities. It is important for the clinician to be prepared to choose alternative therapies if first-line medications are unavailable or lead to undesirable effects. Balancing the effects of inotropy and vasomotor tone through combinations of medications is necessary when multiple shock states are present (vasodilatory, hemorrhagic/ hypovolemic, LV vs. RV cardiogenic shock).
Conference papers on the topic "Cocktail effects"
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Benitez, Janilee Y., Alexander Donoghue, Michael B. Johnson, Wang Lu, Brien Ninemire, Larry Phair, Damon S. Todd, and Daniel Xie. "Recent Cocktail Beam Developments at the 88-Inch Cyclotron for SEE Testing." In 2017 IEEE Nuclear & Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC): Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nsrec.2017.8115438.
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Rodriguez, Briana, Jungmee Lee, and Robert Lutfi. "Synergy of spectral and spatial segregation cues in simulated cocktail party listening." In 5th International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. ASA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001092.
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Javanainen, A., M. Sillanpaa, W. H. Trzaska, A. Virtanen, G. Berger, W. Hajdas, R. Harboe-Sorensen, et al. "Experimental Linear Energy Transfer of heavy ions in silicon for RADEF cocktail species." In 2008 European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2008.5782765.
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Spyropulos, B., J. Fareed, R. M. Emanuel, and D. Hoppensteadt. "COMPARATIVE PHARMACODYNAMICS OF SUBCUTANEOUSLY ADMINISTERED HEPARIN (HEP) AND A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMWH) AS STUDIED BY AN EX VIVO FIBRINOPEPTIDE A (FPA) GENERATION TEST." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644173.
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Subcutaneously administered heparins do not produce any sizeable effects on the global tests and their activities are currently measured using amidolytic anti Xa and anti Ila assays. These methods are sensitive only to the individual enzyme and do not reflect other biologic actions. We have used a thromboplastin C activated FPA generation test to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered HEP and a LMWH in primates. 400μl of citrated plasma was equilibrated at 37°C for 2 minutes and was activated with 100 μl thromboplastin diluted in .020M CaCl2. FPA was generated for 2 min, inhibited with 50 μl of an inhibitor cocktail and measured using an RIA kit (Mallinckrodt, St, Louis, M0). Marked dose dependent suppression of the FPA generation was noted for varying periods of time by both HEP and LMWH. Stronger effects were observed with LMWH, suggesting better subcutaneous bioavailability and functional effects. Significant FPA generation inhibition was observed even when there was no circulating antiprotease activity present in the plasma. These results suggest that FPA generation test is a sensitive test to measure the pharmacologic effect of heparins. Furthermore the FPA generation tests can be modified to activate the coagulation system at certain sites to study the effect of heparins.
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Elwood Madden, Megan, Janice Bishop, Janice Bishop, Andrew S. Elwood Madden, Andrew S. Elwood Madden, Charity M. Phillips-Lander, Charity M. Phillips-Lander, et al. "A SALTY COCKTAIL ON THE ROCKS. THE EFFECTS OF BRINES ON THE DISSOLUTION, FORMATION, AND PRESERVATION OF NEAR-SURFACE MINERALS ON MARS." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369858.
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Tan, Andrea R., Elena Alegre-Aguarón, Divya N. Dujari, Sonal R. Sampat, J. Chloë Bulinski, Gerard A. Ateshian, and Clark T. Hung. "Effects of Passaging on the Migration Response of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells to an Applied DC Electric Field." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53674.
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Strategies for cartilage tissue engineering and repair have recently focused on cell sources from the surrounding joint tissue as an alternative to chondrocytes. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are found in the intimal layer of the synovium, the thin overlying capsule surrounding the joint space [1] and have been found to exhibit a greater chondrogenic potential than stem cells from other origins such as bone marrow stem cells or adipose derived stem cells [2–4]. Under directed cues, these cells have been shown to be capable of migrating from the synovium membrane into articular cartilage defects, though the mechanism behind such movement is unclear. As a first step, we have previously shown that SDSCs expanded in 2D monolayer culture in a growth factor cocktail of TGF-β1, FGF, and PDGF-ββ exhibit directed cathodal migration with perpendicular alignment when under the influence of an applied DC electric field [5]. As cellular behavior and response to an external stimulus can change with exposure to growth factors and passage number, we look here to characterize the effects of passaging on the migration response of SDSCs to an applied electric field. We hypothesize that if these cells develop more chondrocyte-like characteristics with growth factor passaging, their response will mimic that which has previously been reported for chondrocytes, notably directed cathodal (negative pole) migration and perpendicular realignment of the long axis to the direction of applied field [6].
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Johnson, Michael B., Margaret A. McMahan, Michelle Galloway, Daniela Leitner, James R. Morel, Thomas L. Gimpel, Brien F. Ninemire, Reba Siero, and Raymond K. Thatcher. ""Super" cocktails for heavy ion testing." In 2007 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redw.2007.4342537.
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Chikhradze, Nikoloz, Nikoloz Jalabadze, Mikheil Chikhradze, Davit Tsverava, and George Janikashvili. "SHOCK-WAVE SYNTHESES OF HIGH ENTROPY ALLOYS IN Fe-W-Al-Ti-Ni-B-C SYSTEM." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s24.10.
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High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) have higher mixing entropy than the conventional alloys and intermetallic compounds and form the stabile solid solutions with disordered structure. They exhibit unique and special properties, in particular high hardness, wearresistance, significantly high strength, structural stability, good corrosion, and oxidation-resistance. HEAs �exotic�, core effects are followings: high configurational entropy; sluggish diffusion; lattice distortion and cocktail effect. At the current stage, the volume of investigations towards high entropy materials extended from single-phase solid solution structure to multi-phase structures, containing solid solution phases, intermetallic compounds, oxides, borides etc. Promised direction in this field are the high-entropy composites, prepared based on the HEAs matrix- reinforced with hard ceramic compounds. Accordingly, there is a huge potential to find new properties in the field of multi-component high-entropy nanostructure materials. The Fe-W-Al-Ti-Ni�BC composition considered in article for fabrication of HEA�s. The content of elements in blend were determined on the base of phase diagrams available in scientific databases. The planetary ball mill is used for Mechanical Alloying (MA) and nanopowder production. Industrial explosives are used for shock wave generation and consolidation of the blend. The MA blend charged in low carbon cylindrical steel tube container and closed both sides. A cardboard box with blend container was filled with explosives and detonated. The phase analyses and structure-property of obtained bulks HEA compacts investigated. Results of investigations discussed and presented in the paper.
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Heptner, W., J. R. Suárez, and V. Lütgendorf. "STUDIES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION BY IMPEDANCE AGGREGOMETRY AND ATP SECRETION IN NON-ANTICOAGULANT BLOOD." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644810.
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Investigations in vitro on the time-dependent increase in thrombin activityand platelet function have been used tocharacterize the kinetics of the clotting process in nonanticoagulated blood. The test procedures described involve great effort and expense and therefore are not suitable for routine tests in pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. The present contribution describes the determination of clotting times in ATP secretion in the Chrono-Log Whole Blood Aggregometer.Blood was taken from healthy donors who had not used any drug in the two weeks before the trial. 0.5 ml blood wereimmediately transfered into siliconizedglass cuvettes containing 0.4 ml salineand 0.1 ml luciferin-luciferase cocktail prewarmed to 37°C. Impedance and luminescence were recorded continuously. Clotting at the electrodes is indicated by an immediate steep rise in both impedance and luminescence. Clotting time is defined as the time from diluting the blood in the cuvettes until the point at which marked elevation of these variables begins.In the blood of twelve subjects the mean clotting time was 3.8 min and intersubject variation (SD) was 0.45 min. Drastic interindividual differences in response to collagen and ADP in citratedwhole blood were observed in the study group.In vitro addition of 20 μl Fibraccel(Behringwerke AG, Marburg, FRG),a platelet factor 3 containing plateletextract decreased clotting time by 35 %(n=10). In the presence of 0.2 U heparin a slow and lona-lasting increase in impedance was seen. 1 g oral AspirinR didnot influence clotting time measured ex vivo.The results indicate that whole blood aggregometry is a simple, fast, and precise method of determining blood clotting and the effects of drugs in a medium reflecting almost physiological conditions.
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Wehmeier, A., and W. Schneider. "FACTORS AFFECTING PLATELET VOLUME ANALYSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643538.
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Parameters of platelet volume have become widely available with the introduction of automated platelet counters. However, variant sample processing and in vitro platelet activation have prevented standardization of platelet volume analysis. We investigated the influence of anticoagulation, storage, temperature, and the presence or absence of RBC on platelet volume. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and the mode of the distribution were calculated from the platelet volume distribution curve recorded with the impedance method and plotted in 27 classes between 1.2 and 22 fl. The effects of EDTA (.335%), citrate (.38%), citrate (.38%)/glutaraldehyde (.125%) and a cocktail containing citrate, forskolin, indomethacin and theophyllin were determined 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after blood collection. Tests were made at 4, 20° and 37°C in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)from 6 healthy subjects. Platelet volume was strongly dependent on the anticoagulant in a time-dependent manner. MPV was lowest with citrate/glutaraldehyde and highest with EDTA. The maximum difference was 30% at 60 min both in whole blood and PRP. However, this was true only at 4 and 20°C. At 37°C, there was a constant rise in MPV using citrate/glutaraldehyde exceeding volume changes seen with the other anticoagulants. Platelet volume was higher in whole blood as compared to PRP. The difference was dependent on the anticoagulant used and the incubation time (1.8 fl for EDTA and 1.35 fl for citrate/glutaraldehyde, at 60 min). To determine the influence of platelet loss due to PRP preparation on this effect, we determined platelet volume in parallel from whole blood, PRP and the platelet population separated from whole blood by a linear Percoll gradient (n=5, recovery 94%). MPV was 7.6 fl in whole blood, 5.4 fl in PRP and 6.8 fl from the gradient (anticoagulant: citrate/glutaraldehyde). Platelet volume parameters highly depend on anticoagulation, incubation time and temperature. For clinical studies we recommend anticoagulation with citrate/glutaraldehyde and measurement within 2 hr at room temperature in whole blood.
Reports on the topic "Cocktail effects"
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McMahan, M. A., D. A. Argento, T. Gimpel, A. Guy, J. Morel, K. Osborne, R. Siero, et al. High energy cocktail beams for radiation effects studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821747.
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Mejía, Luis Fernando, Alejandro Izquierdo, and Guillermo A. Calvo. On the Empirics of Sudden Stops: The Relevance of Balance-Sheet Effects. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010819.
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Using a sample of 32 developed and developing countries we analyze the empirical characteristics of Sudden Stops in capital flows and the relevance of balance-sheet effects in the likelihood of their occurrence. We find that large real exchange rate (RER) fluctuations accompanied by Sudden Stops are basically an emerging market (EM) phenomenon. Sudden Stops seem to come in bunches, grouping together countries that are different in many respects. However, countries are similar in that they remain vulnerable to large RER fluctuations. This may be the case because countries are forced to make large adjustments in the absorption of tradable goods, and/or because the size of dollar liabilities in the banking system (i.e., domestic liability dollarization, or DLD) is large. Openness, understood as a large supply of tradable goods that reduces leverage over the current account deficit, in combination with DLD, is a key determinant of the probability of Sudden Stops. The relationship between Openness and DLD in the determination of the probability of Sudden Stops is highly non-linear, implying that the interaction of high current account leverage and high dollarization may be a dangerous cocktail.