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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cochlea development'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Newbold, Carrie. "Electrode tissue interface : development and findings of an in vitro model /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1692.

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In the period immediately following the implantation of a cochlear implant electrode array within the cochlear environment, the power required to stimulate the auditory nerve at preset current levels increases. This rise is due to increases in electrode impedance which in turn is suggested to be a result of tissue growth around the electrode array. The foreign body response initiated by the immune system encapsulates the array in a matrix of fibrous tissue, separating the electrode array from the rest of the body. A second change in electrode impedance occurs with the onset of electrical stimulation. A transitory reduction in impedance has been recorded in animals and humans after stimulation of electrodes. Impedance returns to pre-stimulation levels following the cessation of stimulation. It was suggested that these changes in impedance with stimulation were also related to the tissue growth around the electrode array. A more thorough understanding of the interface was required to ascertain these concepts.
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2

Erichsen, Susan. "Corticosteroid receptors and Na,K-ATPase in the developing mouse cochlea /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4526-8/.

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3

Goodyear, Richard John. "Distribution and development of hair-cell surface and extracellular matrix components in the chick inner ear." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359083.

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4

Wannaprasert, Thanakul. "Comparative anatomy of the mammalian bony cochlea and its ontogenetic development in humans." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14173/.

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The cochlea is the organ for sound reception. Mammals place varied functional demands on their sense of hearing to meet the requirements of a broad range of ecological niches and diverse behaviours. However, documenting potentially related adaptations of the cochlea to eco-behavioural traits is difficult due to its complex geometry. The present study aims to determine whether the bony cochlea carries eco-behavioural traits that can be used to contextualize our understanding of the fossil record and evolutionary transitions. This study also includes work on ontogenetic changes since these can yield important insights into evolutionary processes resulting in differences of the adult phenotypes. Advanced techniques in micro-CT imaging, 3D image visualization, geometric morphometrics and statistical methods were used to study morphological variations of the bony cochlea across 45 adult eutherian species. Also, the same set of techniques was used to study 12 human fetal (approximately four to nine months of gestation) cochleae in comparison with five adult cochleae. Results revealed that there was a considerable range of variation in form of the mammalian bony cochlea. Potential links between the bony cochlear morphology and hearing, ecology and behaviour were found. Dimensions of the bony cochlea may be indicative of the eco-behavioural niche that a mammal occupies; e.g., fewer than two spiral turns is associated with obligate marine species. Rodents also showed remarkable variation in the cochlear morphology, more so than any other group of mammals studied, reflecting their diverse eco-behavioural traits. Results from the human developmental study showed that whilst the general coiled shape was achieved at the midgestational age, there was size related morphological change during the postnatal period. The round window size reached mature state prior to birth, by approximately the second trimester, whereas the oval window continued to change in size after birth. The postnatal enlargement may be determined by functional requirements of air-borne hearing, particularly with respect to frequency range and sensitivity.
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5

Rau, Angela. "The mouse tectorins : molecular cloning and mRNA expression during inner ear development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341072.

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6

Kishimoto, Ippei. "Early Development of Resident Macrophages in the Mouse Cochlea Depends on Yolk Sac Hematopoiesis." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253160.

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7

Duncan, Jeremy Shane. "Cochlear neurosensory specification and competence: you gata have Gata." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2864.

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Early prosensory specification to develop competence in the otic epithelium is disrupted by mutations of Eya1, Pax2, Sox2, Jag1, and Gata3. Mutations in these genes apparently disrupt sensory competence and may affect Atoh1 upregulation, a gene known to be necessary for sensory cell differentiation within the ear. How these genes interact with each other and other factors within the genetic network of the ear to refine and restrict sensory specification and impart competence to the developing organ of Corti is not known. These genes also interact with other factors expressed adjacent to or within the developing organ of Corti and provide the context to allow prosensory cells, after cell cycle exit, to appropriately respond to Atoh1 expression and differentiate as hair cells. Gata3 is expressed throughout the early placode. As ear development continues Gata3 is restricted to all prosensory areas except that of the saccule. In addition, it is expressed in a subset of delaminating neuroblasts. Gata3 continues to be highly expressed in the cochlear sensory epithelia as cells differentiate, and is expressed in all cells of the organ of Corti through adult. The human disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of Gata3 is known as Hypoparathyriodism, Deafness, and Renal dysplasia syndrome, and has been linked in mice to early hair cell death. I investigated the role of Gata3 in cochlear neurosensory specification utilizing a mouse Gata3 knockout model and a conditionally deleted Gata3 line combined with two cre driver lines (Foxg1cre and Pax2cre). Although both cre lines are expressed in the inner ear with only a slight difference in onset of expression there are major phenotypic differences. While the Foxg1cre:Gata3f/f deletion resulted in an ear closely matching that of the null mutant with a cochlear duct devoid of neurosensory cells, the Pax2cre:Gata3f/f cochlear duct contained patches of partially differentiated hair cells. Through the use of qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization of both mutants I was able to paint a picture of how Gata3 interacts with other prosensory genes to upregulate downstream genes. In particular, Atoh1, was downregulated but not absent with the loss of Gata3. Indicating that Gata3 is one of a set of factors necessary for the proper upregulation of Atoh1 in the cochlea.
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8

Duque, Afonso Carlos Javier [Verfasser]. "Development and Application of Tools for the Characterization of the Optogenetics Stimulation of the Cochlea / Carlos Javier Duque Afonso." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217062645/34.

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9

Harvey, David. "Structural and functional development of the cochlea in normal (CBA/Ca) and hearing impaired shaker-1 (sh-1/sh-1) mice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329832.

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10

Markessis, Emily. "Development of an objective procedure allowing frequency selectivity measurements using the masking function of auditory steady state evoked potentials." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209990.

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Introduction

Les surdités cochléaires induisent, outre une audibilité réduite, une série de distorsions de la représentation neurale des sons. Deux des mécanismes à la base de ces distorsions sont d’une part une atteinte de la sélectivité fréquentielle et d’autre part des zones neuro-épithéliales non fonctionnelles. Tant le premier que le second mécanisme apparaissent dans une proportion variable et non prédictible d’un sujet à un autre. Deux tests permettent le diagnostic de ces atteintes spécifiques: la Courbe d’Accord (Tuning Curve: TC) et le Threshold Equalising Noise (TEN) test. La TC, mesurée par une technique psychoacoustique chez un adulte collaborant (Psychophysical TC: PTC), consiste en la mesure du niveau de bruit (masqueur) nécessaire pour masquer un son pur (signal) de fréquence et d’intensité fixes. Le TEN test consiste en la mesure des seuils auditifs dans le silence et en présence d’un bruit égalisateur de seuil (TEN). Ces tests qui requièrent des capacités cognitives adultes normales, ne sont pas applicables aux populations pédiatriques prélinguales.

Ce travail de thèse avait pour but le développement d’un équivalent objectif et non invasif des TCs et du TEN test applicable aux populations pédiatriques. La méthode objective choisie fut les potentiels auditifs stationnaires ou ASSEPs (Auditory Steady State Evoked Potentials). Les ASSEPs sont une réponse électrophysiologique cérébrale évoquée par un stimulus acoustique de longue durée modulé en amplitude et/ou en fréquence.

Méthodes & Résultats

Etape 1

Les développements méthodologiques ont été réalisés sur l’espèce canine et humaine adulte. Les ASSEPs n’ayant jamais été préalablement enregistrés chez le chien, une première étape à consister à définir chez cette espèce les paramètres d’enregistrement optimaux (modulation en amplitude optimale) dont on sait qu’ils interagissent avec l’état veille-sommeil, avec la fréquence testée et probablement avec l’espèce animale investiguée.

A cette fin, les seuils auditifs obtenus chez 32 chiens à l’aide des ASSEPs ont été validés à cinq fréquences audiométriques par comparaison aux seuils obtenus avec les potentiels auditifs du tronc cérébral évoqués aux bouffées tonales.

Les seuils obtenus aux ASSEPs avec les paramètres optimaux d’enregistrement (légèrement différents des paramètres optimaux humains) étaient similaires à ceux obtenus aux bouffées tonales.

Ces résultats ont été publiés dans Clinical Neurophysiology (Markessis et al. 2006; 117: 1760-1771).

Etape 2

La possibilité de mesurer des TCs à l’aide des ASSEPs (ASSEP-TCs) a été évaluée sur 10 chiens. Les données canines ont été comparées à des données de la littérature, çàd aux TC enregistrées chez d’autres espèces et avec d’autres méthodes. Des ASSEP-TCs ont également été enregistrées chez 7 humains adultes et confrontées aux PTCs obtenues chez les mêmes sujets. Les PTCs sont typiquement energistrées avec un signal sinusoïdal alors que le stimulus utilisé pour évoquer un ASSEP est une sinusoïde modulée en amplitude. L’effet des sinusoïdes modulées en amplitude sur les paramètres qualitatifs et quantitatifs des TCs a donc été évalué en comparant les PTCs obtenues avec un son pur et avec un son pur modulé en amplitude chez 10 humains adultes.

Les résultats ont révélé que les ASSEP-TCs enregistrées chez le chien et l’humain présentaient des paramètres qualitatifs et quantitatifs similaires respectivement à ceux décrits dans la littérature et aux PTCs. Par ailleurs, auncun effet des stimuli modulés en amplitude sur les paramètres des PTCs n’a été démontré.

Ces données ont été publiées dans Ear & Hearing (Markessis et al. 2009, 30: 43-53).

Etape 3

Les ASSEP-TCs ont été validées chez 10 chiens en comparant les données aux TC enregistrées par électrocochléographie (Compound Action Potential TC: CAP-TC). Le masqueur utilisé pour les CAP-TCs est typiquement une sinusoïde alors que le masqueur utilisé pour les ASSEP-TCs est un bruit à bande étroite. Dès lors, une comparaison du type de masqueur (sinusoïde vs bruit à bande étroite) sur les paramètres des CAP-TCs et ASSEP-TCs a été réalisée chez 10 chiens.

Les ASSEP-TCs chez le chien se sont révélées qualitativement et quantitativement similaires aux CAP-TCs quel que soit le type de masqueur. Elles presentaient par ailleurs l’avantage d’être moins variables, plus précises et non invasives par rapport aux CAP-TCs.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2010, 49 ;455-62).

Etape 4

Afin d’étudier la validité de la procédure à mettre en évidence des changements de sélectivité fréquentielle dus à une atteinte cochléaire, des ASSEP-TCs ont été obtenues chez 10 chiens cochléo-lésés suite à un trauma acoustique. Les Produits de Distorsion Acoustiques, les potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral évoqués par un clic et les ASSEPs à cinq fréquences audiométriques ont été enregisrés afin de délimiter l’étendue de la lésion.

Les ASSEP-TCs ont été fortement altérées, mais pas comme attendu ni suggéré par les mesures fonctionnelles indiquant que le trauma acoustique a créé une lésion différente de celle espérée.

Cette étude doit être poursuivie, des lésions moins importantes créées et une validation histopathologique réalisée.

Etape 5

Le TEN test a été mesuré à l’aide des ASSEPs (ASSEP-TEN) chez 12 adultes et cinq enfants normo-entendants. Les données adultes ont été confrontées aux données comportementales. L’effet des stimuli ASSEP (son pur modulé en amplitude) sur les TEN test a également été investigué en comparant les données comportementales obtenues avec une sinusoïde et avec une sinusoïde modulée en amplitude chez 24 adultes.

Les seuils masqués enregistrés aux ASSEPs étaient supérieurs à ceux mesurés par une épreuve comportementale. L’élévation des seuils masqués pose un problème potentiel de dynamique.

La procédure doit être testée chez des patients présentant une surdité cochléaire attendu que la différence entre les seuils auditifs mesurés aux ASSEPs et par une épreuve comportementale est moindre dans cette population. Dans la mesure où le problème de dynamique résiduelle persiste chez les patients malentendants, d’autres stimuli ou algorithmes d’enregistrement doivent être utilisés.

Etape 6

Le TEN est un stimulus large bande. Il peut dès lors se révéler intolérable chez des patients présentant une atteinte auditive restreinte à une region fréquentielle. L’effet du filtrage du TEN sur les seuils et la sonie du TEN a été étudié chez 24 sujets normo-entendants et 35 patients présentant une perte cochléaire dans les hautes fréquences.

Le filtrage passe-haut du TEN s’est avéré être une solution satisfaisante.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2006; 45: 91-98).

Etape 7

L’effet de l’intensité du TEN sur le diagnostic des zones neuro-épithéliales non fonctionnelles a été investigué chez 24 patients en mesurant les seuils masqués à quatre intensités de TEN différentes. La fiabilité du TEN test a également été évaluée.

Le TEN est une procédure fiable. L’intensité du TEN a affecté le diagnostic chez cinq patients. Ce résultat est interprété en termes de degré de l’atteinte du complexe neurosensoriel.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2009; 48: 55-62).

Conclusion

Un algorithme permettant la mesure de TC et du TEN test objective à l’aide des ASSEPs a été développé. L’implémentation clinique de l’algorithme appliqué à l’enregistrement des CA paraît envisageable. Une importante étape de la corrélation entre modifications anatomiques (à l’aide de l’histopathologie) et physiologiques (ASSEP-TC et CAP-TC) est maintenant celle qui s’impose. Les données préliminaires obtenues sur le TEN test électrophysiologique chez des sujets normo-entendants suggèrent que son implémentation clinique puisse se heurter à un problème de dynamique si ce dernier est confirmé en présence de surdités cochléaires. Plusieurs pistes potentielles de solutions ont été avancées.


Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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11

Takebayashi, Shinji. "Multiple roles of Notch signaling in cochlear development." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135772.

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12

Howard, MacKenzie A. "Mechanisms of inhibition in the avian cochlear nucleus /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10551.

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13

Clayton, Lynn E. "Intervention Settings for Children with Cochlear Implants and Developmental Disabilities." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243189468.

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14

Bardhan, Tanaya. "The role of Gata3 in the functional development of cochlear hair cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13970/.

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Developmental mechanisms provide insight into potential therapies for auditory regeneration. Gata3 is one of the earliest expressed transcription factors during auditory development and it is essential for the development of the auditory sensory epithelium. Haploinsufficiency in man manifests as hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome. In a heterozygous mouse model of this condition, hearing loss has an early onset that is apparently associated with functional defects in outer hair cells but the cause of hearing loss is unknown. Our aims were to identify the earliest electrophysiological deficits in hair cells to explain the observed hearing loss in HDR syndrome and to characterize the developmental function of Gata3 in the auditory sensory epithelium. We then proposed to identify factors that might upregulate Gata3 and restore hearing. Electrophysiological recordings of embryonic, neonatal and young adult outer hair cells showed that they differentiate normally in heterozygous mice, although some die at very early postnatal stages. However, inner hair cells suffer deficits in the function of the potassium conductances Ik;f and Ik;n at the onset of normal hearing. When Gata3 was knocked down selectively in inner hair cells from around embryonic day E16, similar deficits were observed. This is the first evidence that Gata3 has a cell autonomous function in the physiological differentiation of hair cells. Conditionally immortal, Gata3 reporter cell lines were then derived from otocysts of mice carrying the SV40 immortalising gene and a BAC construct with the Gata3 enhancer region linked to Egfp. The Gata3 reporter faithfully reproduces the expression pattern of endogenous Gata3 in the BAC transgenic mouse during normal inner ear development and it correlates with GATA3 protein in the reporter cell lines. These lines can thus be used for more detailed studies on how Gata3 regulates functional expression of potassium conductances in hair cells. More importantly, they can be used to screen for small molecules and drugs that might be able to upregulate Gata3 in vitro, which could potentially rescue the phenotype of HDR syndrome and provide an important therapeutic component for sensory regeneration.
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15

Howell, David M. "The identification of molecular guidance cues necessary for development of the central auditory system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10030.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 192 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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16

Rahmat, Sarah Binti. "Development of a fast method for the psychophysical estimation of nonlinear cochlear function using schroeder-phase masking." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11268.

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In many previous physiological and psychoacoustic studies, Schroeder-phase masking (using Schroeder harmonic complexes to mask other sounds) has proven useful in understanding different aspects of cochlear function, particularly the phase curvature of the cochlea and cochlear nonlinearity. The common method of measuring Schroeder-phase masking functions uses a very time consuming three-alternative forced choice (3AFC) process, which limits its research and clinical usefulness. This thesis describes a fast method for measuring Schroeder-phase masking functions that we developed to address this problem. By adapting the Békésy tracking technique, we demonstrate how the measurement time can be reliably shortened by almost 80% in comparison to the commonly-used method. Using the fast method, we have demonstrated that the difference in masking effectiveness produced by different phases of Schroeder maskers (known as the ‘phase effect’) is reduced in conditions where cochlear non-linearity is expected to be reduced (i.e. at low intensity levels and in sensorineural hearing loss subjects) – findings which are consistent with previous studies. The possible involvement of other mechanisms in producing the Schroeder phase effect (particularly the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex) is discussed. Given the shorter testing time and higher resolution data it can give, the fast method can be a useful tool in estimating cochlear phase curvature. The reduction in testing time in particular may significantly aid the investigation of different aspects of cochlear function which might have been limited by the long testing time given by the commonly-used method.
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17

Torii, Hiroko. "Septin7 regulates inner ear formation at an early developmental stage." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233834.

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18

Doble, Maree. "Development of oral communication in infants with a profound hearing loss pre- and post-cochlear implantation /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1220.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.
Title from title screen (viewed 19 Dec. 2006). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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19

Wang, Boshi, and 王博石. "The roles of Irx3/5 genes and hedgehog signaling in mammalian cochlear development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208555.

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20

Buhagiar, Roberta. "Development of a quality of life measure for adults with bilateral cochlear implants." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351341/.

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Cochlear implants (CI) provide a sense of hearing to people who are severely or profoundly deaf. A single CI (unilateral) has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) substantially and clinical practice is evolving towards two per patient (bilateral), although the incremental benefit for QoL has not yet been established definitively. There is a need for self-report measures designed specifically to quantify benefits for QoL in patients who receive a second CI, in order to evaluate the relative benefits of unilateral and bilateral implantation. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate such a measure that is suitable for adults. The sample consisted of patients from the United Kingdom National Health Service who have received two CI sequentially. The study was based on the ‘Rolls Royce’ approach. A retrospective open-ended questionnaire and face to face interviews were carried out in the first stage. Categories from the qualitative data obtained from the responses were identified and these were the foundations on which a close-ended questionnaire was developed. In the second stage, face validity, test-retest reliability and correlations of each item were investigated and amendments were made to the questionnaire items to reflect these results. In the last stage participants were asked to fill in the amended questionnaire together with another three existing QoL questionnaires (generic and disease-specific ones). These results showed that the questionnaire under development is valid and reliable. Responses from the participants also gave an insight into the changes that they experienced as a result of receiving a second CI. The main reports were related to experiences of increased confidence and independence levels as a result of having bilateral CI. Improvement in listening in group situations and localisation ability were also noted. Changes in participant experience were evident when they filled in the questionnaire under development and also the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire. Better understanding of changes in QoL after receiving a second CI will help professionals to understand the benefits of bilateral implantation in adults from the users’ perspectives. This is considered to be important when deciding whether patients should be advised to opt for unilateral or bilateral CI in the future. This knowledge will also help prospective patients understand the practical benefits and limitations of one or two cochlear implants.
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21

Martin, Dawn L. "Effect of PMCA2 mutation on cochlear responses and their development in deafwaddler mice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8242.

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22

Tang, Pui-kwan Ada. "The effect of cochlear implant usage duration on the Cantonese phonological development of hearing impaired children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B4200603X.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-30). Also available in print.
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23

Lu, Xiaopan, and 吕小攀. "Development of a Mandarin expressive and receptive vocabulary test for children using cochlear implants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197140.

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Cochlear implants provide children who have profound hearing loss access to sounds and improve their speech perception, speech production and language skills. Outcomes on language development are useful for counseling and in planning habilitation programs. However, such research in mainland China is scarce due to a lack of standardized language measurement materials. This study aims at developing a vocabulary measurement named the Mandarin Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Test (MERVT) for Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants. In Phase 1, items were selected from the existing vocabulary tests, corpus, story books and TV programs that were suitable for children with normal hearing aged 1 year and 6 months to 3 years and 11 months. These items were rated for age-appropriateness by kindergarten teachers. Based on the teachers’ ratings, 200 words were selected to form the initial vocabulary test. In Phase 2, responses from 102 normal-hearing preschool children were used for item analysis and identifying items with appropriate difficulty and discriminatory ability. Finally, 161 items with difficulty from 0.15 to 0.85 and discrimination greater than 0.25 were kept and ranked in an order of ascending difficulty to form the final test. In Phase 3, 245 normal-hearing children aged 1 year and 6 months to 3 years and 11 months were recruited to establish norms and evaluate psychometric properties of the test. In the last phase, 29 children with cochlear implants were recruited in the study to evaluate the validity of the MERVT for measuring the vocabulary development of children with cochlear implants. The results of the 245 normal-hearing children show that there is good internal consistency among items in both the expressive and receptive subtests (α = .83-.97). Item selection from language materials for Mandarin-speaking preschool children, the ratings by kindergarten teachers and item analysis based on the responses of target children provided evidence of content validity. Significant relationships between the MERVT and the Gesell Developmental Scale (rs = .37-.60, all ps<.05), significant correlations between subtest scores and the total score (rs = .95-.97, all ps<.01), and the gradual increase in mean subtest scores with age provided evidence of construct validity. When the MERVT was administered on a group of children with cochlear implants, significant correlation between scores on the MERVT and the parents’ report—the Chinese version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CCDI)—(rs = .58-.70, all ps＜.05), provided convergent evidence of the construct validity of the MERVT. The growth of the MERVT scores with the increased duration of cochlear implant use and chronological age offered additional evidence of the construct validity. In conclusion, with good reliability and strong validity, the MERVT could be used for evaluating vocabulary development in young children. The test has also been proven to be a valid tool for measuring and monitoring the vocabulary development of children with cochlear implants. In addition, the MERVT and the CCDI can be used together in a hierarchical set of battery tests for measuring the vocabulary development of children with cochlear implants based on the age equivalents.
published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
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24

Alkhairy, Samiya Ashraf. "Development of cochlear models with high computational efficiency by using spatial and parametric transformations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107029.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 77).
Purpose: Our goal is to develop methods to improve the efficiency of computational models of the cochlea for applications that require the solution accurately only within a basal region of interest, specifically by decreasing the number of spatial sections needed for simulation of the problem with good accuracy. Approach: We design algebraic spatial and parametric transformations to computational models of the cochlea that are applied after the region of interest and allow for spatial preservation (spatial causality in the case study model), driven by the naturally absorptive characteristics of the cochlea. Objectives: The goal is to design, characterize and develop an understanding rather than optimization and globalization. Scope: Our scope is as follows: designing the transformations; understanding the mechanisms by which computational load is decreased for each transformation; development of performance criteria; characterization of the results of applying each transformation to a specific physical model and discretization and solution schemes. Case study: We explore the proposed methods for a case study physical model that is a linear, passive, transmission line model in which the various abstraction layers (electric parameters, filter parameters, wave parameters) are clearer than other models. This is conducted in the frequency domain for multiple frequencies using a second order finite difference scheme for discretization and direct elimination for solving the discrete system of equations. Performance: The performance is evaluated using two developed simulative criteria for each of the four transformations. For the increased dissipation transformation, we investigate individual deviation measures as part of constructing the corresponding transformation function. The nonsimulative process for this transformation is to stand as proof of concept for the remaining transformations. Conclusion: The developed methods serve to increase efficiency of a computational traveling wave cochlear model when spatial preservation can hold, while maintaining good correspondence with the solution of interest and good accuracy, for applications in which the interest is in the solution to a model in the basal region.
by Samiya A. Alkhairy.
S.M.
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25

Winter, Philip Graham. "The Development and Pilot Testing of a Music Quality Rating Test Battery for New Zealand and Australian MED-EL Cochlear Implant Recipients." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4538.

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Many cochlear implant (CI) recipients report the sound quality of their devices to be poor, for listening to music. The latest MED-EL speech processing strategy, Fine Structure Processing (FSP), aims to improve sound quality by encoding some of the low-frequency fine structure (FS) information. The goals of this study were twofold. The first was to develop a music quality rating test battery (MQRTB) for the New Zealand and Australian populations using commercially available songs. The second was to pilot test the MQRTB in a study comparing the MED-EL speech processing strategies FSP and High Definition Continuous Interleaved Sampling (HDCIS) for music appreciation. The research questions for the second part of this study were: (1) Does familiarity with a speech processing strategy affect musical quality ratings?; (2) Do CI recipients notice a significant difference between FSP and HDCIS when listening to music and if so, what aspects of the sound are different?; (3) Does song familiarity affect the quality ratings of music in CI recipients?; (4) Does music genre affect the quality ratings of music in CI recipients? The MQRTB used visual analogue scales for the attributes of pleasantness, naturalness, richness, fullness, sharpness, and roughness while listening to a home stereo. The scales were displayed on a computer touchscreen with the stimuli being presented via a home stereo system. There were ten songs in the MQRTB; a familiar and obscure song from each of the following genres: classical, modern, country and western, and common (such as a national anthem or iconic melody) genres, as well as two of the participant’s favourite songs. Five post-lingually deafened MED-EL SonataTI100 or PulsarCI100 CI recipients using the FSP strategy took part in the FSP versus HDCIS comparison study. Each participant spent three weeks acclimatising to either FSP or HDCIS before completing speech perception testing and the MQRTB task. Following this the participants were switched to the other speech processing strategy to acclimatise to for a further three weeks before re-assessment with the second strategy. At the conclusion of the study, the participants’ speech processors were returned to the pre-study settings. The results of the study showed an effect of acclimatisation on music quality ratings; when the participants were acclimatised to FSP, the group tended to prefer FSP; however, when acclimatised to HDCIS, the participants did not prefer HDCIS. As a group they rated FSP to sound closer to ‘what they would like music to sound like’ than HDCIS, and that HDCIS sounded significantly sharper and rougher than FSP. This suggested that music appreciation was better with FSP, but participants needed to be acclimatised to the strategy first. No effect of familiarity or genre was observed in the averaged group data, however, effects for some individuals were noted. Overall it would appear that FSP may improve music sound quality for some MED-EL CI recipients, however, it does not solve this issue. The MQRTB was also shown to be an effective tool to assess some aspects of music sound quality.
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26

Snell, Katherine C. "Receptive and Expressive Language Outcomes of Children with Cochlear Implants and CHARGE Syndrome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212092204.

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27

Kuwahara, Katsura. "A micro-ethnographic study of communication/language development in a Japanese child with profound hearing loss before and after cochlear implantation." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1227295829.

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Thesis (Dr. of Education)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: Richard Kretschmer EdD (Committee Chair), Laura Kretschmer PhD (Committee Member), Jo-Ann Prendeville EdD (Committee Member), Roberta Truax PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Cochlear implant; child development; speech act; communication/language development; ethnography; vidoe analysis. Includes bibliographical references.
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28

DesJardin, Jean Louise. "Maternal self-efficacy and involvement supporting language development in young deaf children with cochlear implants /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795931251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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29

Eckrich, Tobias. "Voltage gated Na+ channels and spontaneous action potential activity in cochlear hair cells during development." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2671/.

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Inner hair cells (IHCs) are the true sensory cells for sound. They receive acoustic stimuli and transduce them into graded receptor potentials that lead to the excitation of afferent nerve fibres, which transmit the sound information to the brain where the impression of sound arises. Before hearing onset IHCs transiently generate spontaneous calcium action potentials without the input of sound (Marcotti et al., 2003a). This activity is thought to orchestrate important developmental processes such as the refinement of synaptic connections and/or intrinsic IHC development such as that of ion channels and synaptic proteins (Kros et al., 1998). Various membrane currents influence IHC action potentials, including a transiently expressed tetrodotoxin sensitive sodium current (Marcotti et al., 2003b). In this thesis, electrophysiological recordings from rat IHCs were performed as a function of postnatal development and cochlear region in order to characterise the frequency and pattern of the spontaneous activity as well as the biophysical properties of the sodium current. By using in situ hybridisation it was attempted to reveal the molecular identity of the Na+ channel subunits expressed in immature IHCs. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that rat IHCs spontaneously generate action potentials until the end of the first postnatal week. Thereafter, action potentials could still be triggered using depolarising current injections until just before the onset of hearing. A rapidly activating and inactivating sodium current was observed in all immature IHCs investigated. This sodium current showed high temperature dependence and both its size and kinetics changed as a function of development and IHC position along the cochlea. Altogether, these results deepen our knowledge about the characteristics of the spontaneous action potential activity and reveal that the sodium current is active at physiological cell membrane potentials and involved in action potential generation.
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30

Smith, Kristen A. "The Receptive and Expressive Language Outcomes of Children who have Received Cochlear Implants and have an Autism Spectrum Disorder." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212095057.

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31

Twilling, Laura. "Impact of Cognition on Language Skills of Children with Developmental Disabilities and Cochlear Implants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277141210.

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32

Doble, Maree G. "Development of Oral Communication in Infants with a Profound Hearing Loss: Pre- and Post-cochlear Implantation." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1220.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
An in-depth, longitudinal study of the speech and oral language development of eight infants with a profound hearing loss who receive early interventions focused on developing their auditory, speech and oral language capacity is presented in this thesis. Infants were tracked for two years, during the period when they are changed from a hearing aid to a cochlear implant. All infants in this study had their hearing loss identified early and were fitted with hearing aids between 1 and 7 months of age and received their cochlear implant between 8 and 16 months of age. They attended a number of different auditory-verbal early intervention programs (depending on where they lived) all of which focused on developing speech and language skills through listening. Attendance at their particular early intervention program at least once a week was in addition to weekly attendance the Sydney Cochlear Implant Centre for therapy and audiological services. A broad range of measures has been used to track the infants’ acquisition of oral language skills, including measures of communicative intention, pre-speech and speech development, and oral language development. Despite a wide range of individual differences across the group of infants, the results suggest some general trends. In the area of communicative intent most infants followed typical development patterns in terms of both the types (e.g. requesting, answering etc) and forms (gestural, vocal, verbal) used, but they showed delays in their frequency of usage of these types and forms. For speech development the infants demonstrated typical speech skills by 18-months post-cochlear implantation in the areas of consonant inventories, severity of phonological involvement (speech intelligibility) and phonological process development, but they showed delays in vowel and consonant acquisition. Finally, for language development the infants were delayed relative to typical development at 18 months post-implantation. The findings support and extend previous studies which have demonstrated the benefits of early intervention for communication development in infants with hearing loss (Calderon & Naidu, 2000; Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano & Sedey, 2000; Moeller, 2000; Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo, 1998). However, the delays in the oral communication skills of the infants in the current study suggest that more intensive long-term intervention is required if the infants are to attain typical oral speech and language development. The findings capture the complexity of early oral language development, which has been lacking in previous studies of infants with significant hearing loss, receiving a cochlear implant (Dettman, Briggs, & Dowell, 2005; Houston, Ying, Pisoni, & Iler Kirk, 2003; Schauwers, Gillis, Daemers, De Beukelaer, & Govaerts, 2004). The present data also provide some limited support for earlier implantation, that is, before 12 months of age, as the infants made little progress in oral language development while using hearing aids. The reduced amount of auditory signal available to them prior to implantation may be the determining factor in their inability to follow typical rates and patterns of development. However, rates of development with the implant were not straightforward and further research on this population is needed. Universal neonatal screening programs for hearing loss will potentially provide a larger population of early identified infant for future research. This will create the opportunity for large scale, prospective, longitudinal, studies examining the acquisition of speech and oral language development. Limitations of this study, tracking the early stages of speech and language development over a two year period are identified. Future studies are needed to follow the infants for a longer time to determine if their rate of development is sufficient for them to catch up in areas of delay and maintain their performance in areas where they match their typically developing peers.
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Antonio, Fernanda de Lourdes. "Comunicação pré-linguística e aquisição de linguagem em crianças com implante coclear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-17072014-095256/.

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Os programas de implante coclear têm recebido crianças com diagnóstico de deficiência auditiva sensorioneural ou com Desordem do Espectro da Neuropatia Auditiva ambos de grau severo e/ou profundo, que não se beneficiam com os aparelhos de amplificação sonora individuais, em idade precoce. Essas crianças são candidatas a realizar a cirurgia de implante coclear ainda nos primeiros anos de vida, período considerado sensível para a plasticidade neuronal. Nesta perspectiva, é um desafio para os profissionais da área determinar precocemente quais crianças podem obter os maiores benefícios com o implante coclear, pois devido a pouca idade, são muito sutis as respostas apresentadas e o comportamento comunicativo ainda incipiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a correlação entre os comportamentos de comunicação pré-linguística em crianças candidatas à cirurgia de implante coclear e a aquisição da linguagem falada subsequente ao uso do dispositivo. Participaram 11 crianças com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural severo e/ou profundo bilateral pré-lingual e duas crianças com Desordem do Espectro da Neuropatia Auditiva bilateral de grau severo e/ou profundo. O estudo de caráter longitudinal prospectivo avaliou os participantes da pesquisa em quatro tempos distintos, sendo o primeiro tempo no momento pré-cirúrgico e os demais tempos após a ativação do implante coclear, ao longo do primeiro ano de uso do dispositivo. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas com os pais dos participantes da pesquisa, análise dos registros dos prontuários e avaliação da comunicação pré-linguística e de linguagem falada de cada criança. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Denver Developmental Screening Test II DDST II, MacArthur - Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) Parte II Ações e Gestos, Escala de Compreensão e Expressão Reynell Developmental Language Scales RDLS e a Escala de avaliação de desenvolvimento familiar. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar as habilidades comunicativas e de linguagem falada guardaram correlação positiva entre eles. O grupo estudado apresentou evolução no comportamento pré-linguístico e na aquisição da linguagem falada ao longo do uso do implante coclear. Houve correlação positiva entre a comunicação pré-linguística e a aquisição da linguagem falada das crianças participantes do estudo.
The cochlear implants programs have received early age children diagnosed with bilateral prelingual severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss or bilateral prelingual severe-to-profound Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, who didnt benefit from hearing aids. These children are candidates for cochlear implant surgery still in the early years of life, period considered sensitive for neuronal plasticity In this perspective, it is a challenge for professionals is to determine precociously which children can get the greatest benefits with the cochlear implant, because due to their young age, the answers provided are very subtle and the communicative behavior still very incipient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prelinguistic communication behaviors in implantation candidates and subsequent language development after cochlear implant use. The study included 11 bilateral prelingual severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss children and two children with bilateral prelingual severe-to-profound Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder. The prospective longitudinal study assessed the children in preimplantation period and during the first year of use after cochlear implant activation, totaling four assessments for each participant. Datas were collected through interviews with the participants parents, analysis of medical records and assessment evaluation of prelinguistic communication and spoken language of each child. Denver Developmental Screening Test II DDST II, MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory - CDI, Reynell Developmental Language Scales RDLS and Family Involvement Pating were used. There was a positive correlations between instruments used to assess the prelinguistic communication behaviors and spoken language. The group investigated showed an increase in prelinguistic behavior and the acquisition of spoken language throughout the cochlear implant use. There was a positive correlation between prelinguistic communication and the acquisition of spoken language of the participating children in the study.
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34

MUKHERJEE, NILOY. "DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SENSITIVITY BENDING MODE POLYMER PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES FOR INNER EAR." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1043694732.

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35

Harris, Julie Ann. "The molecular basis of a critical period for afferent input-dependent neuron survival in mouse cochlear nucleus /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10664.

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36

Joyce, Bryan Steven. "Development of Active Artificial Hair Cell Sensors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52911.

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The cochlea is known to exhibit a nonlinear, mechanical amplification which allows the ear to detect faint sounds, improves frequency discrimination, and broadens the range of sound pressure levels that can be detected. In this work, active artificial hair cells (AHC) are proposed and developed which mimic the nonlinear cochlear amplifier. Active AHCs can be used to transduce sound pressures, fluid flow, accelerations, or another form of dynamic input. These nonlinear sensors consist of piezoelectric cantilever beams which utilize various feedback control laws inspired by the living cochlea. A phenomenological control law is first examined which exhibits similar behavior as the living cochlea. Two sets of physiological models are also examined: one set based on outer hair cell somatic motility and the other set inspired by active hair bundle motility. Compared to passive AHCs, simulation and experimental results for active AHCs show an amplified response due to small stimuli, a sharpened resonance peak, and a compressive nonlinearity between response amplitude and input level. These bio-inspired devices could lead to new sensors with lower thresholds of sound or vibration detection, improved frequency sensitivities, and the ability to detect a wider range of input levels. These bio-inspired, active sensors lay the foundation for a new generation of sensors for acoustic, fluid flow, or vibration sensing.
Ph. D.
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37

Jeon, Eun Kyung. "The effect of development on cortical auditory evoked potentials in normal hearing listeners and cochlear implant users." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5524.

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When a baby is born deaf, a cochlear implant is often recommended as a medical habilitation tool to the parents. A cochlear implant is designed to bypass a damaged cochlea and stimulates auditory nerve directly, from where signals are sent all the way to the auditory cortex where sounds are perceived. We expect that a deaf child can detect and discriminate speech sounds with this device. With continuous auditory experiences, we hope that the auditory cortex of the deaf child can be developed as children with normal hearing do. Can a cochlear implant facilitate the development of the auditory brain? This study attempts to answer this question, exploring developmental effects on evoked potentials measured at the cortical level. Early-implanted, pre-lingually deafened cochlear implant users showed similar developmental patterns of cortical auditory evoked potentials to those of normal hearing listeners. However, the responses, related to sound discrimination, were affected by noise more in cochlear implant users. This may be related to perceptual abilities of cochlear implant users in harder listening conditions. The findings indicate that cortical auditory evoked potentials, related to both detection and discrimination, can be used to document the long developmental trajectory of the central auditory system in both normal hearing listeners and cochlear implant users. This study suggests that these responses can be used as a tool for estimating behavioral performance in cochlear implant users.
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38

Romero, Sandy Liliana. "The Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children with Cochlear Implants: Effects of Age at Implant and Language Development." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/53.

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This study used the largest and youngest cohort of hearing impaired (HI) children to investigate the effect age at implantation had on the trajectories of expressive and receptive language, and externalizing behavior problems. In addition, the temporal relationship between language and externalizing behavior problems was examined in children implanted before and after the age of 2. Univariate latent difference score analyses were conducted to test the effect of age at implantation on each trajectory and bivariate difference score analyses were conducted to test the temporal effect between language and externalizing behavior problems. Results showed that age at implantation had an effect on the initial level and growth of expressive and receptive language trajectory and an effect on the initial level of externalizing behavior problems. Expressive language was found to have an influence on the changes in externalizing behavior problems for both groups, children implanted before and after the age of 2. However, the relationship between receptive language and externalizing behavior problems differed between the two age groups. The effect was bidirectional for the younger group but unidirectional for the older group, with externalizing behavior problems influenced the change in receptive language. Future research and potential interventions to improve behavior difficulties in deaf children are discussed.
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39

Ceschi, Piera [Verfasser]. "Development of a Polymeric Coating for Cochlear Implant Electrodes to Deliver Dexamethasone into the Inner Ear / Piera Ceschi." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046662392/34.

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40

Maratos, Susan Claire. "Patterns of development following paediatric cochlear implantation : a longitudinal study of auditory discrimination and social and communicative competence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624274.

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41

Spencer, Linda J. "The contribution of listening and speaking skills to the development of phonological processing in children who use cochlear implants." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/69.

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42

Gier, Terry. "Accuracy of /t/ Productions in Children with Cochlear Implants as Compared to Normal-Hearing, Articulation Age-Matched Peers." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5225.

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Children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) demonstrate considerable variability in speech sound production. Investigations focused on speech sound development in children with CIs have shown initial accelerated growth, followed by a plateau where consonant order of acquisition generally mirrors that of NH children, but is slower (Blamey, Barry, & Pascale, 2001; Serry & Blamey, 1999; Spencer & Guo, 2013). A notable exception to this pattern, /t/, has been shown to be acquired later-than normal in several investigations (Blamey et al., 2001; Chin, 2003; Ertmer, True Kloiber, Jongmin, Connell Kirleis, & Bradford, 2012). The primary purpose of this investigation was to 1) examine the accuracy of /t/ productions in children with CIs and 2) quantify subtle phonetic differences in correctly produced consonants and substituted consonants (or covert contrast). Two groups of children who had participated in a larger study that examined the influence of speech production abilities on speech perception scores of children with CI (Gonzalez, 2013) provided the speech stimuli for this investigation. The experimental group included nine congenitally deafened children with CI, ranging in age from 2;11 to 6;4 years (M=4;9), who were implanted by 3 years of age, had at least 12 months of device experience, and only used an oral mode of communication. These children were matched to typically developing children by articulation ability and gender. Recordings of the verbal responses on the OlimSpac were obtained from the Gonzalez (2013) study. Thirty-three graduate students in speech-language pathology rated the phonetic accuracy of /t/ and the phonemes that were found to be most often substituted for it, /d/ and /ʧ/ on a 7 point equal-appearing interval scale. A three-way ANOVA was performed to determine the differences in perceived consonant accuracy across: group, transcription category, and phoneme substitution. The significant interaction between group and transcription category was of particular interest. Results indicated that children with CIs did not show an unusually delayed development of /t/. When a confusion matrix was generated to depict overall OlimSpac performance, the NH group was noted to outperform the CI group across all phonemes. This would suggest that /t/ was not uniquely poorer in the CI group, but instead these children evidenced poorer phoneme accuracy in general. Finally, group differences also were apparent in substitutions of [t] for target /d/ and /ʧ/ productions (i.e., covert contrast). The clinical applications are described.
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43

Wass, Malin, Tina Ibertsson, Björn Lyxell, Birgitta Sahlen, Mathias Hällgren, Birgitta Larsby, and Elina Mäki-Torkko. "Cognitive and linguistic skills in Swedish children with cochlear implants - measures of accuracy and latency as indicators of development." Linköpings universitet, Institutet för handikappvetenskap (IHV), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16101.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine working memory (WM) capacity, lexical access and phonological skills in 19 children with cochlear implants (CI) (5;7-13;4 years of age) attending grades 0-2, 4, 5 and 6 and to compare their performance with 56 children with normal hearing. Their performance was also studied in relation to demographic factors. The findings indicate that children with CI had visuospatial WM capacities equivalent to the comparison group. They had lower performance levels on most of the other cognitive tests. Significant differences between the groups were not found in all grades and a number of children with CI performed within 1 SD of the mean of their respective grade-matched comparison group on most of the cognitive measures. The differences between the groups were particularly prominent in tasks of phonological WM. The results are discussed with respect to the effects of cochlear implants on cognitive development.
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44

Jin, Zhe. "Characterization of cochlear degeneration in the inner ear of the German waltzing guinea pig : a morphological, cellular, and molecular study /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-971-8/.

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45

Simonson, Kathryn. "Impact of Age of Implantation on Receptive and Expressive Language Outcomes of Children with Developmental Disabilities and Cochlear Implants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277140787.

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46

Goyer, David Verfasser], Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] [Spehr. "Synaptic development and cholinergic modulation of time coding neurons in the Cochlear Nucleus of vertebrates / David Goyer ; Hermann Wagner, Marc Spehr." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326918/34.

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Goyer, David [Verfasser], Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] Spehr. "Synaptic development and cholinergic modulation of time coding neurons in the Cochlear Nucleus of vertebrates / David Goyer ; Hermann Wagner, Marc Spehr." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-rwth-2016-025946.

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48

Zhou, Ning. "Lexical Tone Development, Music Perception and Speech Perception in Noise with Cochlear Implants: The Effects of Spectral Resolution and Spectral Mismatch." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273202461.

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Goyer, David [Verfasser], Hermann Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner, and Marc [Akademischer Betreuer] [Spehr. "Synaptic development and cholinergic modulation of time coding neurons in the Cochlear Nucleus of vertebrates / David Goyer ; Hermann Wagner, Marc Spehr." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326918/34.

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50

Gonzalez, Victoria Beatriz. "Effects of Speech Production Ability on a Measure of Speech Perception Capacity in Young Children with Cochlear Implants and their Articulation-Matched Peers." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4896.

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With reductions in the age criterion for cochlear implantation, the need for age-appropriate measures of speech perception skills has increased. One recently developed tool that shows great promise for the clinical assessment of auditory speech perception capacity in young children with cochlear implants is the On-Line Imitative Test of Speech-Pattern Contrast Perception (OlimSpac). The OlimSpac requires a child to imitate nonword utterances by providing a verbal response. The child's perceptual abilities are inferred from the child's productions through having a listener, who is masked to the stimulus select the utterance produced by the child in an eight-alternative force-choice task. Although the OlimSpac has the potential for use in children with cochlear implants, the specific role of measured speech production abilities on performance has yet to be systematically examined. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to examine the influence of speech production abilities on OlimSpac performance in an auditory-visual (A-V) and auditory-only (A-O) condition in young children with cochlear implants relative to an articulation-matched sample of normal hearing peers. A secondary objective was to determine whether the presentation modality affected a child's OlimSpac performance. A matched pair design was used to compare the OlimSpac performance of ten children with cochlear implants (ages 29 to 76 months) to normal hearing peers (ages 27 to 73 months). Each child with cochlear implants was matched to a child with normal hearing from a sampled population of 22 normal hearing participants based on word-level articulation skills, as measured by the GFTA-2, accounting for hearing age and gender. The OlimSpac software generated a score for a single contrast and a single presentation modality (A-V or A-O). The score was based on eight binary trials. Due to the small trial size, individual contrast scores were interpreted as pass/fail, given that only a score of seven or eight is significantly better than chance. Therefore, OlimSpac performance was determined by a composite score reflecting the average across all six contrasts, based on 48 binary trials. Average composite scores for both the A-V and A-O conditions were lower, albeit not significant, for young children with cochlear implants compared to their articulation-matched controls. Examination of individual phonemic contrast scores revealed that the articulation-matched sample of normal hearing participants most often failed the post-alveolar consonant place contrast, whereas children with cochlear implants most often failed the consonant voicing contrast. There were also no significant within group difference in speech perception performance between the A-V and A-O conditions of the OlimSpac. The results of this study demonstrated that children with cochlear implants achieved similar speech perception performance to their articulation-matched normal hearing peers. Although children's speech production abilities partially influenced their OlimSpac performance, knowledge of word-level articulation skills allows clinicians to make appropriate judgments when interpreting composite scores, thus validating the OlimSpac as an indirect measure of a child's speech perception capacity and a direct measure of speech perception skills. Objective scores obtained from a child's OlimSpac performance may be used to assess outcomes of cochlear implant use, guide cochlear implant mapping, and plan habilitative intervention. A greater understanding of the potential effect of speech production performance on estimates of speech perception ability may also assist in highlighting other developmental, linguistic and/or cognitive delays masked by a child's hearing loss.
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