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1

Dancète, Dominique. "Sur la Cobar construction." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10145.

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Depuis plus de quarante ans, les espaces de lacets iteres posent le redoutable probleme de l'iteration de la construction cobar. Dans ce travail, pour progresser dans ce sujet, nous apportons eclaircissements et complements sur la relation d'adams entre c#*(g(x)) et cobar (c#*(x)), x designant un ensemble simplicial 1-reduit et g le modele simplicial de kan du foncteur espace de lacets. Dans un premier temps, nous clarifions les liens entre la construction cobar et la notion de cochaine de torsion. Nous obtenons ensuite, pour toute suspension 1-reduite x, une reduction de dga-algebres naturelle, simple et explicite entre les dga-algebres c#*(g(x)) et cobar (c#*(x)). Nos resultats permettent, en particulier, de retrouver facilement les resultats de baues pour le calcul de l'homologie du deuxieme espace de lacets d'une suspension 2-reduite et font apparaitre un fait experimental surprenant : l'existence d'une differentielle exotique pouvant remplacer celle d'adams dans la construction cobar.
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2

Wall, Thomas Patrick. "The Mafeesh prospect - a study of its petrographical, geochemical and mineralological characteristics." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25766.

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The Mafeesh prospect is a ‘greenfields’ exploration project found 60km south of the township of Cobar, New South Wales within the Cobar Basin. The Cobar Basin formed between late Silurian to earliest Devonian and sits in the central-west of the central Sub-Province of the Lachlan Orogen. A transpressional regime during the Tabberabberan orogeny inverted the Cobar Basin with extensive folding and reactivation of basinal growth faults. The Cobar Basin is highly prospective for economic precious and base metal mineralisation and hosts numerous world class deposits. The Mafeesh prospect is hosted within the siltstone and sandstone of the upper Amphitheatre Group and the hard, quartzose sandstone of the Shume Formation of the Amphitheatre Group. The host rocks have reached low anchizone metamorphic grade and locally are affected by hydrothermal alteration reaching up to greenschist facies around Au mineralised shear zones. Hydraulic breccias were identified as the primary control on mineralisation and associated barren critical breccias along contact boundaries within siltstones, sandstones and basalt. These are important insights that have significant implications for mineral system thinking and will influence exploration strategies moving forward. Lithological control, though not as prominent, is observed to occur with the silicification and introduction of anomalous pathfinder elements within the tuffaceous sandstone unit in the Shume Formation and replacement pyrite veins within similar tuffaceous sandstone beds in the upper Amphitheatre Group. It is suggested here that the Mafeesh project area is considered prospective for epithermal style Au deposits similar in nature to that of the McKinnons Au mine. This is based on the recognition of similar trace element mineral assemblages, texture of emplacement and vein styles, which is hosted in similar stratigraphy of the same upper Amphitheatre Group.
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3

Tingay, Mark. "Conductivity structure of the weathered zone at Number Four Tank, Cobar, NSW /." Adelaide, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbt588.pdf.

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4

Quesney, Alexandre. "Unrelèvement d'une structure d'algèbre de Batalin-Vilkovisky sur la double construction cobar." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4ed4c8b7-7df5-4927-87af-ed42f5245e4f.

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Dans une première partie, on établit des résultats structuraux sur la construction cobar, visant à obtenir un relèvement homotopique explicite d’une structure de BV-algèbre sur la double construction cobar. Ces résultats interviennent à différentes itérations de la construction cobar. En conclusion, nous obtenons par descente de structures, un critère à l’obtention d’une structure de BV-algèbre homotopique (à la Gerstenhaber-Voronov) sur la double construction cobar W2C d’une G-cogèbre homotopique C, ceci en terme de co-opérations structurelles de C. Dans une seconde partie, nous appliquons le critère précédent sur la G-cogèbre homotopique C (X), où C (X) est le complexe de chaînes simpliciales sur un ensemble simplicial X. La structure de G-cogèbre homotopique considérée sur C (X) est telle que la double construction cobar W2C (X) est un modèle pour les lacets doubles W2jXj. Nous donnons ensuite des résultats de comparaisons entre la structure d’algèbre de Batalin-Vilkovisky obtenue sur la doubles construction cobar W2C (X) lorsque X est une double suspension et celle sur H (W2jXj) induite par l’action diagonale du cercle sur W2jXj. Pour finir, lorsque l’anneau des coefficients est Q, nous déformons la structure de dg-algèbre de Hopf sur la construction cobar de Baues WC (X) en une structure de dg-algèbre de Hopf involutive (r0 , S0). On obtient alors une structure de BV-algèbre homotopique sur la double construction cobar W(WC (X),r0 , S0) pour tout ensemble simplicial X
In a first part we establish structural results on the cobar construction. The goal is to obtain a homotopy BV-algebra structure on the double cobar construction. In summary we have a criterion for obtaining of a homotopy BV-algebra (à la Gerstenhaber-Voronov) on the double cobar construction W2C of homotopy G-coalgebra C. This involves the structural co-operations of the homotopy G-coalgebra C. In a second part, we apply the previous criterion to the homotopy G-coalgebra C (X). The homotopy G-coalgebra structure on the simplicial chain complex C (X) is such that the resulting double cobar construction W2C (X) is a model for the double loop space W2jXj. Next, we give comparison results between the BV-algebra structure obtained on W2C (X) when X is a double suspension and the BV-algebra structure on H (W2jXj) given by the diagonal action of the circle. Finally, when Q is the coefficient ring, we deform the Hopf dg-algebra structure on the Baues cobar construction WC (X) into a involutive Hopf dg-algebra structure (r0 , S0). Then we obtain a homotopy BV-algebra structure on the double cobar construction W(WC (X),r0 , S0) for any simplicial set X
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5

Quesney, Alexandre. "Un relèvement d'une structure d'algèbre de Batalin-Vilkovisky sur la double construction cobar." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948997.

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Dans une première partie, on établit des résultats structuraux sur la construction cobar, visant à obtenir un relèvement homotopique explicite d'une structure de BV-algèbre sur la double construction cobar. Ces résultats interviennent à différentes itérations de la construction cobar. En conclusion, nous obtenons par descente de structures, un critère à l'obtention d'une structure de BV-algèbre homotopique (à la Gerstenhaber-Voronov) sur la double construction cobar Ω²C d'une G-cogèbre homotopique C, ceci en terme de co-opérations structurelles de C. Dans une seconde partie, nous appliquons le critère précédent sur la G-cogèbre homotopique C(X), où C(X) est le complexe de chaînes simpliciales sur un ensemble simplicial X. La structure de G-cogèbre homotopique considérée sur C(X) est telle que la double construction cobar Ω²C(X) est un modèle pour les lacets doubles Ω²|X|. Nous donnons ensuite des résultats de comparaisons entre la structure d'algèbre de Batalin-Vilkovisky obtenue sur la double construction cobar Ω²C(X) lorsque X est une double suspension et celle sur l'homologie H(Ω²|X|) induite par l'action diagonale du cercle sur Ω²|X|. Pour finir, lorsque l'anneau des coefficients est Q, nous déformons la structure de dg-algèbre de Hopf sur la construction cobar de Baues ΩC(X) en une structure de dg-algèbre de Hopf involutive (∇, S). On obtient alors une structure de BV-algèbre homotopique sur la double construction cobar Ω(ΩC(X), ∇, S) pour tout ensemble simplicial X.
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6

Spry, Melissa J., and n/a. "The Regolith and landscape evolution of a low relief landscape: Cobar, Central New South Wales, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050704.162445.

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Construction of a 1:250,000 scale regolith-landform map of the Cobar area of central New South Wales (NSW) Australia, demonstrates the presence of a wide range of previously undescribed regolith materials, landforms and landscape features in the region. The map covers the east-west extent of the Cobar Basin, extends to the west onto the Darling River Floodplain, and east onto rocks of the Girilambone Group. The mapping area is centred on the Cobar township and covers -14,730 krn2 between 303113 and 446113 E and 6483184 and 6586183 N (AGO 66, MGA Zone 55). 48 regolithlandform units have been identified, including both transported (alluvial, colluvial, aeolian, lacustrine) and in situ materials. A range of siliceous, ferruginous and calcareous indurated materials are also present. Four major drainage types have been identified based on lithological, sedimentological and topographic differences in alluvial materials. The 4 drainage types include: 1) modern drainage; 2) maghemite and quartzose gravels elevated 1-2 m relative to the modern drainage; 3) higher topographically inverted, and at least partly silicified, gravels; and, 4) sediments of Cretaceous origin. Multiple phases of drainage stability and instability from the Cretaceous to the present are indicated within the sediments. Breaching of drainage divides and increased dissection of the modern drainage, especially to the south of Cobar, indicate possible tectonic movement across a major regolith-landform boundary in the southern map area. Colluvial materials are more widespread to the north of Cobar reflecting the increased landscape dissection to the south. Colluvial fans are preserved adjacent to major rangefronts. Aeolian and lacustrine materials include longitudinal dunefields of the Darling River floodplain, source bordering dunes, and small lunettes associated with the Barnato Lakes system. Regolith-landform mapping at Cobar has been used to assess the applicability of previously developed landscape evolution models of the Cobar Block and surrounding region, and to develop a new landscape evolution model for the region. The new landscape evolution model of Cobar indicates minimal deposition of Cretaceous sediments, succeeded by high-energy early Tertiary fluvial regimes across the Cobar landscape. Weathering and sediment deposition continued into the Miocene, coupled with deep valley incision on the Cobar Block associated with early Oligocene regression. By the close of the Miocene, the Cobar Block had eroded to predominantly bedrock terrain and widespread filling of previously incised valleys occurred. A decrease in erosion and fluvial activity led to the formation of the modern drainage during the Pliocene-early Quaternary, followed by the formation of alluvial, aeolian and lacustrine deposits in the later Quaternary. Regionally, Eromanga Basin sediments were not extensive over the Cobar Block, and low rates of erosion are recorded at Cobar from the Cretaceous to the present. Former northerly drainage did exist in this area in the Cretaceous, but was limited in distribution. By at least the Early Tertiary the Cobar area was a structural high and drainage systems of the region had assumed their current configuration. These findings do not support interpretations of AFTT data of significant cover and subsequent stripping over the Cobar Block in the Early Tertiary. Evidence of landscape evolution from the Cretaceous to the present suggests that the Cobar landscape has been responding to changes in the primary landscape forming factors of lithology, climate and to a lesser degree, tectonics. Variations in the these three primary landscape forming factors have contributed to ongoing weathering, relatively continuous deposition, and periods of relative stability and instability, particularly in response to climatic and baselevel fluctuations, within a dynamically evolving landscape throughout the entire Tertiary. Former landscape evolution models of peneplanation and pediplanation, based on correlation of palaeosurfaces including duricrusts, a deep weathering profile developed during extended planation in the Early Tertiary, and tectonism during the late Tertiary in the Cobar area, are not supported by evidence preserved in regolith-landform features at Cobar.
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7

Le, Grignou Brice. "Théories homotopiques des algèbres unitaires et des opérades." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4058/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux propriétés homotopiques des algèbres sur une opérade, desopérades elles-mêmes et des opérades colorées, dans le monde des complexes de chaînes. Nousintroduisons une nouvelle adjonction bar-cobar entre les opérades unitaires et les coopéradesconilpotentes courbées. Ceci nous permet de munir ces dernières d'une structure de modèles induite parla structure projective des opérades le long de cette adjonction, qui devient alors une équivalence deQuillen. Ce résultat permet de passer, sans perte d'information homotopique, dans le monde descoopérades qui est plus puissant : on peut y décrire, par exemple, les objets fibrants-cofibrants en termesd'opérades à homotopie près. Nous appliquons ensuite la même stratégie aux algèbres sur une opérade.Pour cela, on munit la catégorie des cogèbres sur la coopérade duale de Koszul d'une structure demodèles induite par celle de la catégorie des algèbres d'origine le long de leur adjonction bar-cobar, quidevient une équivalence de Quillen. Cela nous permet de décrire explicitement pour la première fois despropriétés homotopique des algèbres sur une opérade non nécessairement augmentée. Dans unedernière partie, nous introduisons la notion d'opérade colorée à homotopie près que nous arrivons àcomparer aux infinies-opérades de Moerdijk--Weiss au moyen d'un foncteur : le nerf dendroidal. Nousmontrons qu'il étend des constructions dues à Lurie et à Faonte et nous étudions ses propriétéshomotopiques. En particulier, sa restriction aux opérades colorées est un foncteur de Quillen à droite.Tout ceci permet de relier explicitement deux mondes des opérades supérieures
This thesis deals with the homotopical properties of algebras over an operad, of operads themselves andof colored operads, in the framework of chain complexes. We introduce a new bar-cobar adjunctionbetween unital operads and curved conilpotent cooperads. This allows us to endow the latter with aDépôt de thèseDonnées complémentairesmodel structure induced by the projective model structure on operads along this adjunction, which thenbecomes a Quillen-equivalence. This result allows us to study the homotopy theory of operads in theworld of cooperads which is more powerful: for instance, fibrant-cofibrant objects can be described interms of operads up to homotopy. We then apply the same strategy to algebras over an operad. Morespecifically, we endow the category of coalgebras over the Koszul dual cooperad with a model structureinduced by that of the category of algebras along their bar-cobar adjunction, which becomes a Quillenequivalence.This allows us to describe explicitly for the first time some homotopy properties of algebrasover a not necessarily augmented operad. In the last part, we introduce the notion of homotopy coloredoperad that we compare to Moerdijk--Weiss' infinity-operads by means of a functor: the dendroidalnerve. We show that it extends existing constructions due to Lurie and Faonte and we study itshomotopical properties. In particular, we show that its restriction to colored operads is a right Quillenfunctor. All this allows us to connect explicitly two different worlds of higher operads
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8

Humes, Cathryn Amanda. "Cobra." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1398805873.

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9

Kölln, Johanna. "Humanisierung von Cobra venom factor." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96864029X.

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10

Rodrigues, Ubirajara Alencar 1966. "O colar perdido da caligrafia." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251132.

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Orientador: Milton Jose de Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Este é um estudo e uma pesquisa sobre imagens em literatura, cinema, letras e textos em manuscritos e miniaturas árabes e persas. O estudo passa pela novela O colar da pomba, de Ibn Hazm, andaluz do século XI, e suas aparições nem sempre claras no filme de Nacer Khemir, O colar perdido da pomba. O estudo aqui apresentado está relacionado ao meu estudo central sobre as letras e a caligrafia árabes, e sobre o modelo de biblioteca árabe medieval, nos séculos 8 e 9, o Bayt ak-Hikma, A casa da sabedoria, como designavam os persas, e depois os árabes.
Abstract: This is a study and a research of images in literature, film, letters and texts in Arabic and Persian manuscripts and miniatures. The study permeates the novel The Ring of the Dove by the Andalusian Ibn Hazm, written about the eleventh century, and how it implicity appears in Nacer Khemir's film, The Dove Lost Necklace. The study presented here relates to my study on the letters and Arabic calligraphy, and a model of medieval Arabic library of the 8th/9th, the Bayt al-Hikma, the House of Wisdom, as denominate by the Persian and the Arabs.
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Mestre em Educação
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Thommazo, André Di. "Gerenciamento de requisitos no ambiente Cocar." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/367.

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The objective of this work was to implement an initial version of a development support environment, based on the Use Case Model, named COCAR. The conception and the features of this environment are the result of several master papers. In the scope of this work, the main subject under study has been requirement management, although concerning its implementation, functionalities related to other previous works have also been contemplated. This environment prop up a few software development tasks, aiming at leveling up qualitity throughout the process. It is well know that one of the principal characteristics related to software product quality is that the product should meet the user requirements. In requirement engineering, the comunication between the user and the developer is stated in the Requirement Document and based on it, the requeriment can be modelled, for instance, by means of the Use Case Model. Despite the efforts invested in gathering requirements with the user, it is know that they are very likely to be ammended during the development process. A fundamental factor for the maintainance of the overall quality is that such modifications to the requirements occur in a monitored and foreseeable way. The ability to describe and follow a requirement life-cycle within the software development process is denominated requirement traceability. As the requirement document represents what binds the user and the developers, if traceability is obtained from that point onwards, the quality of the development process tend to increase and this permits monitoring since its earliest phases. This paper contribution to the implementation of the environment COCAR, includes features such as: registering the requirement of a system, generating of a Use Case Model, requirement management (mainly what concerns traceability between the Requirement Document and the Use Case Model), providing traceability metrics found in academic literature and the possibility of determining the relationship between the requirements. Based on the data provided by the tool, it is easy to perceive that they are highly relevant to any system development planning or following up, which can be an important pragmatic contribution to the improvement of software development and software products.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a implementação de uma versão inicial de um ambiente de apoio ao desenvolvimento de software, baseado no Modelo de Casos de Uso, denominado COCAR. A concepção e as funcionalidades desse ambiente são frutos de alguns trabalhos de mestrado. No contexto deste trabalho o objetivo principal de estudo foi o gerenciamento de requisitos, embora, em termos de implementação, funcionalidades relacionadas a outros trabalhos anteriores foram também contempladas. Esse ambiente apóia algumas atividades do desenvolvimento de software, procurando aumentar a qualidade ao longo desse processo. Sabe-se que uma das principais características relacionadas à qualidade de um produto de software é que este atenda aos requisitos do usuário. Na Engenharia de Requisitos, a comunicação entre usuário e desenvolvedor é registrada no Documento de Requisitos, sendo que, a partir deste, os requisitos podem ser modelados, por exemplo, por meio de Modelos de Casos de Uso. Apesar dos esforços em levantarem-se as necessidades junto ao usuário, sabe-se que os requisitos solicitados serão alterados durante o processo de desenvolvimento. Um ponto fundamental para que a qualidade seja mantida é que essas alterações ocorram de forma controlada e previsível. A capacidade de descrever e acompanhar a vida de um requisito dentro do processo de desenvolvimento de software é chamada rastreabilidade de requisitos. Como o documento de requisitos representa o elo entre o usuário e os desenvolvedores, caso a rastreabilidade seja obtida a partir desse ponto, a qualidade do processo de desenvolvimento tende a ser melhor e a permitir um controle desde suas fases iniciais. A contribuição deste trabalho para a implementação do ambiente COCAR incluiu as funcionalidades de registro dos requisitos de um sistema, a geração do Modelo de Casos de Uso e o gerenciamento de requisitos, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos aspectos de rastreabilidade, entre o Documento de Requisitos e o Modelo de Casos de Uso, oferecendo métricas de rastreabilidade propostas na literatura e possibilidade de determinação do relacionamento entre os requisitos. Com base nas informações oferecidas pela ferramenta, pode-se perceber que elas são de grande valia para o planejamento e acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de um sistema, o que pode ter uma grande contribuição prática para a melhoria da qualidade do processo e do produto.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Sabine M. Apelt, Bettina Christl, Katja A. Hagenau, Alexandra Groß, Jens Klotsche, and Michael Soyka. "Die Versorgungspraxis der Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger (COBRA)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-97958.

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Hintergrund: Die Datenlage zur Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger ist defizitär. Vor diesem markant defizitären Erkenntnishintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, eine versorgungsepidemiologische Studie zur aktuellen Versorgungslage opiatabhängiger Substitutionspatienten durchzuführen, um offene Fragen zu klären. Hierfür haben wir ein mehrstufiges Forschungsprojekt unter dem Akronym COBRA initiiert. COBRA steht für "Cost-Benefit and Risk Appraisal of Substitution Treatments" und signalisiert, dass wir uns in umfassender Weise um eine Evaluation der Risiken, Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Interventionsstrategien und Modalitäten in der Substitutions- und Versorgungspraxis Opiatabhängiger in Deutschland bemühen. Zielsetzungen des COBRA-Projekts sind: • Die Charakterisierung von bestehenden Einrichtungsformen und -modellen; • Die Charakterisierung von: – Merkmalen opiatabhängiger Patienten in diesen Einrichtungen (Schwere, Dauer/ Stadium, Komorbidität, Delinquenz, Desintegration etc.), – der Diagnostik sowie den Indikations- und Allokationsentscheidungen in der Versorgungsrealität sowie – den eingesetzten Interventionsmethoden (Substitutionsmittel, Therapie komorbider Störungen, psychotherapeutische und soziale Interventionen) • Die Ermittlung von Problemen der Substitutionstherapie bei verschiedenen Risikogruppen (z.B. Hepatitis-C- und HIVPatienten) • Die Beschreibung des Kurzzeitverlaufs und Outcomes hinsichtlich verschiedener klinischer und sozialer Kriterien Methodik: Die Studie teilt sich in einen deskriptiv-klinisch-epidemiologischen und einen analytisch-evaluativen Teil. Der deskriptive Teil soll zunächst darüber Auskunft geben, wie viele und welche Arten von Substitutionseinrichtungen in Deutschland wie viele Opiatabhängige erreichen und behandeln. Auf dieser Grundlage soll dann im evaluativen Teil an möglichst repräsentativen Einrichtungen und Patienten beurteilt werden, wie und mit welchen Methoden welche Arten von Patienten und Problemlagen versorgt werden. Durch Abgleich mit den wissenschaftlichen Bewertungsmaßstäben können daraus Defizite, Probleme und mögliche verbesserte Allokationsstrategien abgeleitet werden. Ergebnisse: Es werden erste Vorstudienbefunde und Ihre Design- Konsequenzen vorgestellt und diskutiert
In the present paper, we will describe aims, methods, and design along with selected pre-study findings of an epidemiological study in a nationally representative sample of substitution doctors (N = 381) and their patients (n = 2500) in Germany. The project has three major components: (a) Pre-study: We sent mailed questionnaires to a sample of over 1000 substitution doctors to describe qualification and setting characteristics, treatment profiles and attitudes of substitution doctors in Germany. (b) Cross-sectional study: With a two-step epidemiological design (target day assessment of the patients, clinical appraisals by the doctors), our main aims were (1) to determine the number of opiate addicts treated by methadone or buprenorphine or other substitution drugs; (2) to find predictors and correlates for treatment, taking into account doctors, patients, and system variables; and (3) to evaluate cross-sectional differences between groups with regard to clinical presentation (comorbidity), clinical course, acceptance/compliance, critical incidences, and social integration. (c) Furthermore, the study includes a prospective-longitudinal cohort study of a total of 1000 patients sampled from this data base. The cohort will be followed-up over a period of three months to investigate whether buprenorphine patients have a more favorable course and outcome in terms of clinical, psychosocial, pharmaco-economic, and related measures. Selected pre-study findings are summarized, highlightening that current registers include a considerable proportion of doctors and a considerable heterogeneity of setting characteristics in terms of the number of patients, choice of substitution drugs and involvement in hepatitis- C treatment
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Sabine M. Apelt, Bettina Christl, Katja A. Hagenau, Alexandra Groß, Jens Klotsche, and Michael Soyka. "Die Versorgungspraxis der Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger (COBRA)." ecomed verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26181.

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Hintergrund: Die Datenlage zur Substitutionstherapie Opiatabhängiger ist defizitär. Vor diesem markant defizitären Erkenntnishintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, eine versorgungsepidemiologische Studie zur aktuellen Versorgungslage opiatabhängiger Substitutionspatienten durchzuführen, um offene Fragen zu klären. Hierfür haben wir ein mehrstufiges Forschungsprojekt unter dem Akronym COBRA initiiert. COBRA steht für "Cost-Benefit and Risk Appraisal of Substitution Treatments" und signalisiert, dass wir uns in umfassender Weise um eine Evaluation der Risiken, Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Interventionsstrategien und Modalitäten in der Substitutions- und Versorgungspraxis Opiatabhängiger in Deutschland bemühen. Zielsetzungen des COBRA-Projekts sind: • Die Charakterisierung von bestehenden Einrichtungsformen und -modellen; • Die Charakterisierung von: – Merkmalen opiatabhängiger Patienten in diesen Einrichtungen (Schwere, Dauer/ Stadium, Komorbidität, Delinquenz, Desintegration etc.), – der Diagnostik sowie den Indikations- und Allokationsentscheidungen in der Versorgungsrealität sowie – den eingesetzten Interventionsmethoden (Substitutionsmittel, Therapie komorbider Störungen, psychotherapeutische und soziale Interventionen) • Die Ermittlung von Problemen der Substitutionstherapie bei verschiedenen Risikogruppen (z.B. Hepatitis-C- und HIVPatienten) • Die Beschreibung des Kurzzeitverlaufs und Outcomes hinsichtlich verschiedener klinischer und sozialer Kriterien Methodik: Die Studie teilt sich in einen deskriptiv-klinisch-epidemiologischen und einen analytisch-evaluativen Teil. Der deskriptive Teil soll zunächst darüber Auskunft geben, wie viele und welche Arten von Substitutionseinrichtungen in Deutschland wie viele Opiatabhängige erreichen und behandeln. Auf dieser Grundlage soll dann im evaluativen Teil an möglichst repräsentativen Einrichtungen und Patienten beurteilt werden, wie und mit welchen Methoden welche Arten von Patienten und Problemlagen versorgt werden. Durch Abgleich mit den wissenschaftlichen Bewertungsmaßstäben können daraus Defizite, Probleme und mögliche verbesserte Allokationsstrategien abgeleitet werden. Ergebnisse: Es werden erste Vorstudienbefunde und Ihre Design- Konsequenzen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
In the present paper, we will describe aims, methods, and design along with selected pre-study findings of an epidemiological study in a nationally representative sample of substitution doctors (N = 381) and their patients (n = 2500) in Germany. The project has three major components: (a) Pre-study: We sent mailed questionnaires to a sample of over 1000 substitution doctors to describe qualification and setting characteristics, treatment profiles and attitudes of substitution doctors in Germany. (b) Cross-sectional study: With a two-step epidemiological design (target day assessment of the patients, clinical appraisals by the doctors), our main aims were (1) to determine the number of opiate addicts treated by methadone or buprenorphine or other substitution drugs; (2) to find predictors and correlates for treatment, taking into account doctors, patients, and system variables; and (3) to evaluate cross-sectional differences between groups with regard to clinical presentation (comorbidity), clinical course, acceptance/compliance, critical incidences, and social integration. (c) Furthermore, the study includes a prospective-longitudinal cohort study of a total of 1000 patients sampled from this data base. The cohort will be followed-up over a period of three months to investigate whether buprenorphine patients have a more favorable course and outcome in terms of clinical, psychosocial, pharmaco-economic, and related measures. Selected pre-study findings are summarized, highlightening that current registers include a considerable proportion of doctors and a considerable heterogeneity of setting characteristics in terms of the number of patients, choice of substitution drugs and involvement in hepatitis- C treatment.
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Le, Bricquir Danielle. "Le groupe pictural "Cobra" et l'écriture." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030130.

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Cette thèse montre que le groupe pictural Cobra (1948-1951) est également un groupe d'écriture. Nous avons limité nos recherches aux trois années de vie du mouvement, organisé autour de sa revue du même nom. Nous avons tenté de nous en tenir aux principaux artistes fondateurs : les poètes belges Christian Dotremont et Joseph Noiret, le peintre danois Asger Jorn et les peintres hollandais Karel Appel, Constant et Corneille. Cobra : Copenhague-Bruxelles-Amsterdam. Nous avons relevé ses points de convergence avec le surréalisme, ainsi que les deux principaux points de divergence. Le premier se situe sur le plan des choix politiques. Le second est le principe d'automatisme. Les artistes le réfutent pour lui substituer le critère de spontanéité, que nous avons tenté de définir. Nous avons ensuite étudié la manière dont les peintres et les poètes construisent leur spécificité, à partir de l'idée d'expérience, en examinant leur système de représentation puisé dans un fonds mythologique et populaire. Pour finir, nous avons dégagé l'originalité de Cobra. Elle tient essentiellement dans la singulière relation entre l'écriture et la peinture, "une seule et même chose". Peintres et poètes créent des œuvres communes, inter-spécialistes, et pratiquent tous l'anti-spécialisme : "le peintre n'est pas interdit d'écriture et l'écrivain ne craint pas de se porter au tableau
This thesis shows that the cobra pictorial group (1948-1951) is also a writing group. We have restricted our research to the three years the group lasted, organized around the publication bearing the same name. We have attempted to keep to the principal founders: the belgian poets Christian Dotremont and Joseph Noiret, the danish painter Asger Jorn and the dutch painters Karel Appel, Constant and Corneille. Cobra: Copenhagen-Brussels-Amsterdam. We have noted the points of convergence of the group and surrealism, as well as the aspects by which they differ. The first of these occurs in the realm of political choices. The second is the principle of automatism, which the artists refute and to which the criteria of spontaneity is substituted; we have sought to define this latter concept. We have then studied the manner in which painters and poets build up their specificity, starting with the notion of experience and examining the system of representation drawn from the funds of mythological and popular expression. Finally, we have outlined what makes the cobra group unique, i. E. The singular connection between writing and painting, said to be "one and the same". Painters and poets create common "interspecialist" works, and all practice "antispecialism": "the painter is not forbidden from writing and the writer does not shy away from the canvas"
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Leray, Johan. "Approche fonctorielle et combinatoire de la propérade des algèbres double Poisson." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0027/document.

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On construit et étudie la généralisation des algèbres double Poisson décalées à toute catégorie monoïdale symétrique additive. On s’intéresse notamment aux algèbres double Poisson linéaires et quadratiques. Dans un second temps, on étudie la koszulité des propérades DLie et DPois = As ⮽c DLie qui encodent respectivement les algèbres double Lie et les algèbres doubles Poisson. On associe à chacune de ces propérades, un S-module muni d’une structure de monoïde pour un nouveau produit monoïdal dit de composition connexe : on appelle de tels monoïdes protopérades. On montre notamment l’existence, pour toutS-module, d’une protopérade libre associée et l’on explicite la combinatoire sous-jacente en terme de briques et de murs. On définit une adjonction bar-cobar, une dualité de Koszul et une notion de base PBW pour les protopérades. On présente également une tentative de théorème PBW à la Hoffbeck pour les protopérades, de laquelle on déduit la koszulité de la diopérade associée à la propérade DLie
We construct and study the generalization of shifted double Poisson algebras to all additive symmetric monoidal categories. We are especially interested in linear and quadratic double Poisson algebras. We then study the koszulity of the properads DLie and DPois = As ⮽c DLie which encode double Lie algebras and double Poisson algebras respectively. We associate to each, a S-module with a monoidal structure for a new monoïdal product call the connected composition product : we call such monoids protoperads. We show, for any S-module, the existence of the associated free protoperad and we make explicit the underlying combinatorics. We define a bar-cobar adjunction, the notion of Koszul duality and PBW bases for protoperads. We present an attempt of prove a PBW theorem à la Hoffbeck for protoperads, and prove the koszulity of the dioperad associated to the properad DLie
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Gomes, Cristian Alexandro. "Evolução dos hábitos de vida das serpentes da tribo Tachymenini /." São José do Rio Preto, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144229.

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Orientador: Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques
Banca: Márcio Roberto de Costa Martins
Banca: Laura Rodrigues Vieira de Alencar
Banca: Bianca Von Muller Berneck
Banca: Wagner André Pedro
Resumo: A tribo Tachymenini possui grande diversidade morfológica, no uso do habitat e em seus hábitos alimentares. Por esse motivo o grupo demonstra ser um objeto de estudo de grande importância para a ecologia comparativa. Este estudo avalia os atributos ecológicos de vários táxons associada à filogenia reconstruir a história evolutiva do grupo, identificando caracteres ancestrais. Foram coletados dados morfológicos, merísticos, alimentares e reprodutivos das 13 espécies (Calamodontophis paucidens; Gomesophis brasiliensis; Pseudotomodon trigonatus; Ptychophis flavovirgatus; Tachymenis peruviana; Thamnodynastes hypoconia; T. lanei; T. nattereri; T. pallidus; T. rutilus; T. strigatus e Tomodon dorsatus). Para tanto foram obtidos dados da literatura e de coleções herpetológicas brasileiras e do exterior. Por meio da otimização de caracteres foi possível reconhecer a evolução de padrões morfológicos, merísticos, bem como definir a dieta da maioria das espécies estudadas
Abstract: The Tachymenini tribe has great diversity on the morphology, habitat use and feeding habits. For this reason, the group proves to be a very important object of study for comparative ecology. This study evaluates the ecological attributes of various taxa and associate then to phylogeny to the reconstruct of the evolutionary history, identifying ancestral characters of the tribe. Morphological, meristic, feeding and reproductive data were colected for 13 species (Calamodontophis paucidens; Gomesophis brasiliensis; Pseudotomodon trigonatus; Ptychophis flavovirgatus; Tachymenis peruviana; Thamnodynastes hypoconia; T. lanei, T. nattereri, T. pallidus, T. rutilus, T. strigatus and Tomodon dorsatus). Therefore, we obtained data from the literature and many herpetological collections from South America. Through the character optimization was possible to recognize the evolution of morphological and meristic patterns, also define the diet of most species studied
Doutor
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17

Stewart, Danielle. "Double beta decay with the COBRA experiment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/878/.

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The COBRA experiment aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ-decay) as a probe to new physics beyond the standard model. The aim of this thesis is to work towards creating a low background environment for the COBRA experiment as well as optimising and simplifying as far as possible the way in which the COBRA experiment could be operated. Several new results have been obtained. Experimental work on CZT detector operation revealed simplified ways for detector operation which would benefit a full COBRA experimental setup in terms of performance and cost. Detailed Monte-Carlo simulation studies into shielding design for COBRA aiming at a complete background model for detector design have also been undertaken and partly completed, yielding results which could also be useful for general low background applications. Finally, general data analysis methods have been developed and employed, again targeting general detector design in order to establish a blind analysis technique for COBRA.
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Maeda, Karenine Sayuri. "O \"colar de esmeraldas\" da paisagem londrinense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-01102010-111039/.

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O mundo atual encontra-se diante de um preocupante processo de degradação ambiental, tornando o meio ambiente cada vez mais sensível e vulnerável aos impactos, especialmente no que se refere ao meio urbano. Considerando-se que a qualidade ambiental constitui-se num dos indicadores da qualidade de vida, tem-se observado um número cada dia mais crescente de ambientes naturais que vêm sendo substituídos pelo construído, o que vem transformando as cidades num ambiente cada vez mais hostil à vida do homem. Na cidade de Londrina, os problemas urbanos e ambientais são decorrentes principalmente do processo de urbanização, que desencadeou um rápido crescimento e uma expansão territorial desordenada. Este fato torna-se evidente não somente pela escassez de áreas verdes na cidade, mas também pela má distribuição dos espaços livres. Assim, atualmente, os maiores problemas da cidade residem nas áreas verdes, os recursos hídricos e o clima. Na área urbana da cidade, os elementos naturais que mais se destacam estão situados na microbacia do Ribeirão Cambé, representados pelo Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas e os Lagos Igapó; contudo, as ações antrópicas provocaram um grande desequilíbrio ambiental, evidenciado, principalmente, pela escassez de vegetação ripária e pela poluição da água. Portanto, este trabalho consiste no estudo do sistema de áreas verdes que compõe a microbacia do ribeirão Cambé, com o objetivo de criar um sistema de espaços livres de lazer e conservação ambiental, que possa contribuir para solucionar as questões urbanas e ambientais, a fim de prover melhores condições de aproveitamento da área e conseqüente melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Quanto à metodologia, este estudo baseou-se, inicialmente, e fundamentalmente, na pesquisa bibliográfica, através de livros que versam sobre o tema; na pesquisa de caráter documental, uma vez que utilizou-se de documentos para fins de investigação histórica, além da análise espacial a partir de mapas, fotos e, finalmente, na pesquisa in loco das áreas envolvidas.
Nowadays, the whole world is going through a very worrying process of environmental degradation which is making the environment more and more vulnerable and sensitive to the impacts, especially concerning the urban environment. Considering the environmental quality as an indicative of life quality, it has been observed that an increasing number of natural environments have been substituted by the constructed ones, what have made the cities to provide the man an even more hostile environment. The urban and environmental problems in the city of Londrina, are the ones resulted mainly by the urban process, which caused a fast growth and a disarranged territorial expansion. This fact becomes evident not only by the scarcity of green areas in the city, but also by the misallocation of free spaces. Thus, currently, the most aggravating problems of the city are the ones related to green areas, water resources and climate. In the urban area, the most remarkable natural elements are by the Ribeirão Cambé micro basin, represented by the Arthur Thomas Park and Igapó Lakes; however, the human actions have provoked a big environmental unbalance, especially evidenced by the scarce riparian vegetation and water pollution. Therefore, this research consists of a study of the system of green areas which composes the Ribeirão Cambé micro basin with the objective of creating a system of free leisure spaces and environmental conservation that could contribute to give solutions to the urban and environmental issues, in order to provide better use condition of the area and consequent better life quality to the population. As for the methodology, it based initially on a bibliographical research through books related to the theme of this study; on a documental character research through the utilization of documents for history investigation, besides the space analyses from maps, photographs, and satellite images, and finally an in loco research.
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Antunes, Patrícia Alexandra Matias Gomes dos Santos de. "Herberto Helder, Cobra, dispersão poética. Edição evolutiva." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6093.

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Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Edição de Texto
Edição Evolutiva de Cobra, de Herberto Helder. Percurso textual e crítico que abrange trinta e dois anos de reedições do autor. Transcrição e fixação da primeira versão do texto (texto-base), e registo de todas as variantes que sofre. Reflexão crítica sobre o acto da escrita e produção poéticas de Herberto Helder
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GAMA, Monique Monia Pontes. "Comparação da capacidade neutralizante dos antisoros botrópicos comercial e monoespecífico frente a peçonha de B. Erythromelas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2000. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/4936.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4396_1.pdf: 170691 bytes, checksum: f2113a05c584e80d880508ed164b05cd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
A administração parenteral de antivenenos de origem eqüina constitui o recurso mais aceito cientificamente para o tratamento de envenenamentos por picadas de serpentes. O antiveneno botrópico produzido no Brasil inclui apenas cinco espécies desse gênero, dentre as quais não se encontra a espécie Bothrops erythromelas (jararaca-da-seca), serpente botrópica endêmica da região Nordeste. Primeiramente foram determinadas as dose mínimas que constituíram o desafio de neutralização para os antivenenos em cada atividade. Em seguida a neutralização foi calculada e expressa como DE50, dose que inibe 50% da atividade testada. As Doses Mínimas encontradas foram: 22,119 μg/camundongo (hemorrágica), 78,38 μg/camundongo (necrosante), 21,37 μg/ml (Coagulante) e 0,05 mg (Fosfolipásica). A DL50 foi 5,11 mg/kg. A eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, sob condições redutoras, da peçonha de B. erythromelas, corada por Comassie blue mostrou sete bandas confirmadas pelo imunoblotting quando revelado com os antivenenos comercial e monoespecífico diluídos 1/16.000. Foi demonstrado também, através da técnica de imunoprecipitação, que o antiveneno monoespecífico apresenta maior capacidade de formar imunocomplexos com os determinantes antigênicos presentes na peçonha de B. erythromelas, enquanto que a capacidade de complexação do antiveneno comercial não foi suficiente para precipitar os antígenos dessa peçonha. Nos experimentos de neutralização, foi observada uma eficácia cerca de 2x maior do antiveneno monoespecífico em relação ao comercial, em todas as atividades testadas. As Doses Efetivas 50% para o antiveneno comercial e monoespecífico, respectivamente, foram: 49,21 μl/mg peçonha e 26,95 μl/mg peçonha (hemorragia); 9,50 μl/mg e 7,34 μl/mg (necrosante); 85,2 μl/mg e 51,2 μl/mg (letal); 12,61 μl/mg e 6,35 μl/mg (coagulante) e, 285,38 μl/mg e 166 μl/mg (fosfolipásica). Neste trabalho, foi demonstrado que o antiveneno botrópico monoespecífico foi mais efetivo que o botrópico comercial na neutralização das atividades testadas (letal, hemorrágica, necrosante, coagulante e fosfolipásica), na capacidade de formar imunocomplexos in vitro com a peçonha de Bothrops erythromelas e no reconhecimento das proteínas separadas eletroforeticamente
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Bjarnadottir, Frida. "Implementation of CoVaR, A Measure for Systemic Risk." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102684.

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Abstract In recent years we have witnessed how distress can spread quickly through the financial system and threaten financial stability. Hence there has been increased focus on developing systemic risk indicators that can be used by central banks and others as a monitoring tool. For Sveriges Riksbank it is of great value to be able to quantify the risks that can threaten the Swedish financial system CoVaR is a systemic risk measure implemented here with that with that purpose. CoVaR, which stands for conditional Value at Risk, measures a financial institutions contribution to systemic risk and its contribution to the risk of other financial institutions. The conclusion is that CoVaR can together with other systemic risk indicators help get a better understanding of the risks threatening the stability of the Swedish financial system.
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Von, Plettenberg Laing Anthony. "A multilocus phylogeny of the cobra clade elapids." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-multilocus-phylogeny-of-the-cobra-clade-elapids(ec29bf39-abb5-4a49-ba2d-a5a7d5e9acaf).html.

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The extant medically and socially important cobras have been the subject to several comparative taxonomic studies since the 1940s, but still lack an inclusive and thorough phylogenetic tree. With recent major advancements in phylogenetic analysis, it is now common to use multiple independent loci for studying the phylogenetic relationships within groups. For the first time, 27 from the 29 identified Naja species, alongside 5 putative new or elevated species had 4426 base pairs across 1701 sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data analysed. The results continue to support the monophyletic core cobra clade encompassing the genera Walterinnesia, Aspidelaps, Hemachatus, Pseudohaje and Naja (1.0 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP)), in addition to the grouping of four monophyletic subgenera within Naja. The group of African spitting cobras, Afronaja, is positioned as the sister group to the rest of the genus. Moderate support (0.8 BPP) is found for the grouping of the Asian cobras, Naja, with the African non-spitting cobras, Ureaus. The closest relative to the genus Naja is Pseudohaje goldii, a genus and species never before included in phylogenetic analysis, followed by the sister taxa Hemachatus haemachatus. The king cobra continues to be positioned outside the core cobra group, sister to Hemibungarus calligaster. The results support the hypothesis of three independent origins of spitting, once in the monotypic Hemachatus haemachatus, once within the subgenus Afronaja, and the final origin within the Asian cobras, subgenus Naja. The relationships found were broadly consistent with previous studies, with the additional inclusion of more species creating the most comprehensive cobra phylogeny to date. Further molecular analysis, specifically species delimitation, must be undertaken to ascertain the position of the 5 putative new species included in this study.
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Johansson, Anton. "Mätning av strålningsabsorption i sprayen från skärsläckaren Cobra." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68964.

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Conceição, Sérgio Lima. "Em guerra que cobra fuma, alagoano é convocado." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1372.

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The work presented here, aims to investigate the participation of Alagoas ex-combatants who participated directly and indirectly in the Second World War, as summoned of the Brazilian Armed Forces between the years 1944-45. Their participation should be examined in order to confirm not only sending 148 men from Alagoas to the fields of Italy, but also to check the convening of others men who defended the Brazilian coast and its subsequent process of social reintegration for through the creation of the Association of Ex-combatants in Brazil Alagoas Section (AECB-AL). To study this issue after nearly seventy years since the end of World War II, in a state that develops little incentive to register your memory or memory of their natural, was one of the factors that greatly hindered the construction of this dissertation. The existence of a few men still alive here in Alagoas and willing to express their experiences on the period in question, adds to the overall picture of difficulties encountered during these more than two years of research, but were gradually overcome . We did not have sufficient records of men from Alagoas called in this official literature, it had to resort the statements by some men, with more than eighty years, that proposed to serve as reviewers of this research, reporting their experiences before, during and after war.
O trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo investigar a trajetória de ex-combatentes alagoanos que participaram direta e indiretamente da Segunda Guerra Mundial, como convocados das Forças Armadas brasileiras entre os anos de 1944-45. A sua participação deverá ser analisada com o intuito de confirmar não só o envio de 148 alagoanos para os campos da Itália, mas, também, de verificar a convocação de outros alagoanos que defenderam o litoral brasileiro e o seu posterior processo de reintegração social, por intermédio da criação da Associação dos Ex-combatentes do Brasil Secção Alagoas (AECBAL). Estudar esse tema após quase setenta anos do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em um estado que desenvolve pouco incentivo para o registro de sua memória ou da memória de seus naturais, foi um dos fatores que dificultou sobremaneira a construção dessa dissertação. A existência de um número reduzido de alagoanos convocados ainda vivos e com vontade de expressar as suas experiências sobre o período em questão, soma-se ao quadro geral de dificuldades encontradas durante esses mais de dois anos de pesquisa, mas que foram aos poucos sendo superadas. Por não se ter registros suficientes de alagoanos convocados na bibliografia oficial, teve-se que recorrer a depoimentos de alguns homens, com mais de oitenta anos, que se propuseram a servir como colaboradores desta pesquisa, relatando as suas experiências antes, durante e após a guerra.
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Paredes, Guinand Diego Ignacio. "Colegio de alto rendimiento (COAR) de Cusco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624256.

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Los Colegios de Alto Rendimiento (COAR) son la propuesta del MINEDU para atender a los alumnos de alto desempeño de 3ro a 5to de secundaria provenientes de colegios públicos. El proyecto se ubica en el pueblo de Oropesa, Cusco, en el borde del cerro Pachatusán y está rodeado de naturaleza. El proyecto permite integrar de manera armónica y funcional los distintos mundos (residencial, aprendizaje, convivencia y expresión corporal) junto con el paisaje y la comunidad.
The High Performance Schools (COAR) are the proposal of the State’s Education Department (MINEDU) to serve High Performance Students, that come from public schools, for the last 3 school years. The Project is located in the town of Oropesa, Cusco, on the skirts of the Pachatusán mountain and is surrounded by nature. The Project integrates in a harmoniously and functional manner the different worlds (residential, apprenticeship, coexistence, and corporal expression) with the landscape and the community.
Tesis
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Alexandrino, Thiago Basso. "Risco downside e CoVaR no mercado brasileiro de ações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-20022014-153352/.

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Um dos objetivos deste estudo é testar modelos de precificação de ativos financeiros, especialmente o de risco downside de Ang et al. (2006), em todas as ações da Bovespa, para o período que se estende de janeiro de 1999 a julho de 2012. Para atingi-lo, aplica-se o método de regressões Fama e MacBeth (1973) com retornos um período à frente. A quase totalidade dos modelos testados é rejeitada, inclusive a existência de um eventual prêmio para o risco downside. A exceção é o modelo que inclui com o beta tradicional e o seu quadrado, o que permite rejeitar o CAPM devido a não linearidade no risco de mercado. A relação existente entre o beta e o retorno das ações seria positiva até beta igual a 0,642 e depois negativa. Outra meta desta dissertação é comparar as estimações condicionais às não condicionais do modelo CoVaR de Adrian e Brunnermeier (2011) para as 16 ações da Bovespa utilizadas por Almeida et al. (2012), que obtiveram apenas estimações não condicionais para o Brasil em um período semelhante. Os resultados daqui mostram uma baixa e não estatisticamente significante correlação com os de Almeida et al. (2012). Para este estudo, tem-se que as duas formas de calcular o CoVaR são similares para o teste de estresse, mas não para o risco sistêmico.
This research pursues as an objective to test cross-sectional returns of some asset pricing models, specially the downside risk suggested by Ang et al. (2006). To accomplish this goal, all the Brazilian Bovespa\'s stocks are used, from January 1999 to July 2012, in one month forward returns Fama-MacBeth regressions. Not only the downside risk model is rejected: almost all models, including the traditional CAPM and versions of the 3 factors Fama-French. A nonlinear CAPM (beta and beta squared) is the exception in the universe of tested models, which produces the best predictions and a positive relationship between betas and forward returns until beta equals 0,642, after this value, the relationship becomes negative. Another issue followed by this study is to compare conditional estimates of the CoVaR model of Adrian and Brunnermeier (2011) with the unconditional ones for the sixteen stock used by Almeida et al. (2012) unconditionally estimates. The results show low and not statistically significant correlation with Almeida\'s estimates. For the sample used here, comparing the conditional and the unconditional methodologies suggests a great similarity for the stress test, but not so close results for the systemic risk.
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27

Osseiran, Adam. "Définition, étude et conception d'un microprocesseur autotestable spécifique : cobra." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320884.

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Description des différentes étapes de la conception d'un microprocesseur pour le contrôle des automatismes de sécurité, en particulier pour les systèmes de transport. Ce microprocesseur est autotestable, c'est-à-dire capable de détecter ses propres erreurs. La conception du circuit est basée sur les hypothèses de pannes au niveau analytique dans la technologie NMOS. Les blocs fonctionnels «Strongly Fault Secure» et les contrôleurs «Strongly Code Disjoint» sont à la base des circuits «Self-checking», dits autotestables. Le circuit COBRA démontre la faisabilité d'un microprocesseur autotestable. COBRA gère indépendamment 19 signaux différents, date des événements externes, mesure des fréquences, surveille 14 entrées logiques et possède 7 sorties indépendantes. Le programme d'application de COBRA est contenu dans une mémoire morte programmable externe de 16 Koctets adressés par 14 bits multiplexés sur le bus interne de 8 bits. COBRA contient également une liaison série, une mémoire à accès direct de 64 octets et 3 temporisateurs de 14 bits indépendants ainsi qu'une unité arithmétique et logique de 8 bits, COBRA exécute un jeu de 43 instructions
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28

Osseiran, Adham Courtois Bernard. "Définition, étude et conception d'un microprocesseur autotestable spécifique COBRA /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320884.

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29

Prnka, Jiří. "Výpočtové modelování hluku v kabině letounu VUT 100 Cobra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229032.

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This master’s thesis deals with the computational simulation of low-frequency noise inside the cabin of small commercial airplane VUT 100 Cobra. For this low-frequncy range deterministic methods: Final Element Method (FEM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) are used for simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the object. FEM has been used to compute eigenmodes and eigenfrequences of the structure of the aeroplane cabin and of the acoustic space inside cabin. Then response to harmonic excitation of engine represented by unit forces in place of contact has been computed. Obtained velocities on the surface of the cabin are then used as the basis for the noise calculation inside the cabin using BEM. After that effect of some construction modifications on sound level inside cabin are evaluated by computational modelling.
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30

Cunha, Renata de Moura. "Efeito do extrato aquoso de Casearia sylvestris sobre a neutralização e regeneração da mionecrose induzida pelo veneno da Bothrops jaracussu em camundongos : estudo morfológico e funcional /." Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91626.

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Orientador: Márcia Gallacci
Banca: Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
Banca: Yoko Yoshima-Franco
Resumo: Os acidentes botrópicos representam cerca de 87% dos envenenamentos ofídicos registrados no Brasil e se destacam pelas graves seqüelas que limitam a vida do acidentado. O principal efeito tóxico local destes é a mionecrose, que pode levar à perda tecidual permanente e à amputação. A mionecrose pode ser decorrente da isquemia do tecido muscular, causada por fatores hemorrágicos presentes nestes venenos (metaloproteases), ou da presença de miotoxinas (PLA2s) que afetam diretamente o tecido muscular. O método mais eficaz para o tratamento dos envenenamentos ofídicos é a soroterapia passiva. No entanto, esta é limitada devido à relativa ineficácia do soro em neutralizar a mionecrose dos venenos botrópicos, além de muitas comunidades não terem acesso à soroterapia. Estes fatores conduzem a busca de métodos alternativos, como o uso de extratos vegetais. Evidências mostram que o extrato aquoso da Casearia sylvestris, conhecida popularmente como "guaçatonga, é capaz de neutralizar efeitos tóxicos de venenos brutos e de suas miotoxinas isoladas. A Casearia sylvestris apresenta diversos outros efeitos terapêuticos como: anti-séptico, antiinflamatório, anestésico local, anti-tumoral, anti-úlcera e cicatrizante. Devido à escassez de estudos experimentais para avaliar a eficácia de extratos vegetais na redução dos danos locais ocasionados pelo envenenamento botrópico, torna-se importante avaliar a potencial atividade antiofídica da Casearia sylvestris. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o uso do extrato aquoso da Casearia sylvestris, como terapêutica tópica dos efeitos locais do envenenamento botrópico experimental em camundongos. Foi avaliada a capacidade do extrato bruto da planta em neutralizar a mionecrose induzida pelo veneno da Bothrops jararacussu e/ou acelerar o processo de regeneração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bothrops accidents represent about 87% of snakebites recorded in Brazil and account for serious the consequences that affect the life of the victim with social and economic repercussions. Its main toxic effect is myonecrosis, which can lead to permanent tissue loss and amputation. Myonecrosis may result from muscle tissue ischemia, hemorrhage caused by factors present in these venoms (metalloproteases), or the presence of myotoxins (PLA2s) that directly affect muscle tissue. The most effective treatment is passive serotherapy. However, this is limited due the relative ineffectiveness of the serum to neutralize the myonecrosis of Bothrops venoms and the lack of access to serotherapy by many communities. These factors lead to alternative methods such as the use of plant extracts. Evidence shows that the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris, known popularly as "guaçatonga", is able to neutralize the toxic effects of venom and their crude myotoxins isolated. Casearia sylvestris presents several other therapeutic effects such as, antiseptic, antiinflammatory, local anesthetic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer and wound healing. Due to the scarcity of experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts in reducing the harm caused by Bothrops envenomation, it is important to evaluate the potential activity of antiophidic Casearia sylvestris as a complement to conventional serum therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the use of aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris, topical therapy as complementary to local effects of Bothrops envenomation in experimental mice. We evaluated the ability of the crude extract of the plant to neutralize myonecrosis induced by the venom of Bothrops jararacussu and / or accelerate the process of muscle regeneration. The onset of myonecrosis and the regenerative process... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Andrade, Ordoñez Juan Luis. "Colegio de Alto Rendimiento en Cusco (Coar – Cusco)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652630.

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El Proyecto COAR – CUSCO tiene un enfoque arquitectónico que responde a su contexto natural inmediato, el terreno del proyecto se encuentra sobre los 3000msnm, en el departamento del Cusco distrito de Quispicanchis, provincia de Oropesa, a 4km del centro poblado. Teniendo de esta manera un terreno privilegiado para el desarrollo de un proyecto educativo. Los terrenos colindantes al proyecto son: un área agrícola intangible y áreas de sembríos privados, considerando entonces que la topografía hacia el oeste del proyecto es una ladera agrícola, mientras que hacia el este es una formación montañosa. La premisa del proyecto inicia con una integración sensorial de los usuarios hacia la naturaleza, considerando el uso de plataformas y adecuándose a su entorno, tomando en cuenta factores climáticos, visuales, formales, funcionales y espaciales El resultado es una arquitectura con un carácter original, brindando espacios para el desarrollo intelectual de sus usuarios.
The COAR - CUSCO Project has an architectural approach that responds to its immediate natural context, the project land is over 3000 meters high, in the department of Cusco district of Quispicanchis, province of Oropesa, 4 km from the populated center. Having in this way a privileged terrain for the development of an educational project. The lands adjacent to the project are: an intangible agricultural area and private seeding areas, considering then that the topography to the west of the project is an agricultural hillside, while to the east it is a mountainous formation. The premise of the project begins with a sensory integration of users towards nature, considering the use of platforms and adapting to their environment, taking into account climatic, visual, formal, functional and spatial factors The result is an architecture with an original character, providing spaces for the intellectual development of its users.
Tesis
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32

Martins, Marcos Danilo Chiodi. "Geração de pontos de casos de uso no ambiente Cocar." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/368.

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The objective of this paper was to implement an initial version of a development support environment named COCAR based on the Use Case Model. Even though the conception and some features of this environment are the outcome of several other master papers, this work emphasises the relevance of the Use Case Point metric (PCU). This metric strengthens the usage of estimates which are of fundamental importance for the calculation of a system development time. Furthermore, such a metric is associated to one of the main drivers of a software product quality, which is the ability to meet delivery time. With the advent of the object oriented development paradigm, the Use Case Point metric based on the Use Case Model has been highlighted. However, given the lack of formality and standardization, specifying and building these models a PCU metric may be jeopardized. In the scope of this work, there have been relevant contributions to building such an environment implementing a technique called TUCCA which helps with the model standardization, a functionality that supports the insertion of system requirements in the environment and the generation of PCU as in the model generated by TUCCA application. In the assessment process of the COCAR environment an informal case study, in which a specification of actual software from a development company, has been carried out, producing Use Case Models, PCU s and effort estimates, both compared against the industry benchmarks. The results of this research showed that for this particular situation the output from the COCAR environment were very close to those defined by the industry.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a implementação de uma versão inicial de um ambiente de apoio ao desenvolvimento de software, denominado COCAR, baseado no Modelo de Casos de Uso. A concepção e as funcionalidades desse ambiente são frutos de alguns trabalhos de mestrado, sendo que no contexto deste trabalho deu-se ênfase à métrica Pontos de Caso de Uso (PCU). Essa métrica dá subsídios à aplicação de técnicas de estimativas, as quais são fundamentais para o cálculo do tempo de desenvolvimento de um sistema, o qual está associado a uma das características principais relacionadas à qualidade de um produto de software, que é o atendimento de seu prazo de entrega. Com o advento do paradigma de desenvolvimento orientado a objeto, tem ganhado destaque os Pontos de Caso de Uso, que se baseia no Modelo de Casos de Uso da UML. Porém, dada a falta de formalidade e padronização na especificação e construção desses modelos, a métrica de PCU pode ficar comprometida. Assim, no contexto deste trabalho contribui-se para a construção desse ambiente implementando-se uma técnica denominada TUCCA, que ajuda nessa padronização do modelo, uma funcionalidade que apóia a inserção dos requisitos do sistema no ambiente, e a geração dos PCU, com base no modelo gerado com a aplicação da TUCCA. Para a avaliação do ambiente COCAR foi realizado um estudo de caso informal, no qual uma especificação de software real, de uma empresa de desenvolvimento de software foi submetida ao ambiente COCAR, gerando-se o Modelo de Casos de Uso bem como o PCU e a estimativa de esforço, os quais foram comparados àqueles gerados pela indústria. Os resultados deste pequeno estudo mostraram que, para esta situação específica, os resultados apresentados pelo ambiente COCAR foram bastante semelhantes àqueles definidos pela indústria.
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33

Dilanson, Rekar. "Optimering av balkonginfästningar : ComBAR glasfiberförstärkt polymerplast som armering i betong." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155121.

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I samband med EU-direktivs mål att reducera energikonsumtionen med 20 % fram till år 2020 har kraven i Boverkets byggregler skärpts för energianvändningen i Sverige. Dessa krav håller den totala energiförbrukningen i sektorn bostäder och service på jämn nivå trots att det sker en ständig ökning av antalet bostäder.   Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det finns möjlighet till att minimera energiförluster i infästningen mellan inspända balkonger och bjälklaget. Detta utfördes för att ge samtliga aktörer inom byggbranschen en uppfattning om hur stor inverkan en optimering av de oftast försummade detaljerna i ett projekt har.   Glasfiberförstärkta polymerplaster (GFRP) isolerar ca 120 gånger bättre än konstruktionsstål och klarar samtidigt av att ta upp dragkrafter i en betongkonstruktion om de formas som armeringsstänger. Från ett urval har flera GFRP produkter granskats där ComBAR har valts att studeras och kontrolleras som en ersättningsprodukt för stålarmering i balkonginfästningar. ComBAR uppfyller samtliga konstruktionskrav för att fungera som armering i betong och har egenskaper som är att föredra framför stål vilket även gör den användbar i flera andra konstruktionsdelar i en byggnad eller anläggning.   Utförandet av beräkningar och analyser är indelat i tre delar som är analys av byggstatik för att bestämma den erforderlig armering i balkonginfästningen, simulering av energiflöde mellan balkongen och bjälklaget samt ekonomisk kalkyl för att uppskatta avkastningstiden. I den ekonomiska kalkylen knyts resultaten ihop från analysen av byggstatik och beräkning av energiflödet för att sedan kunna avgöra om en investering är lönsam.   Ur resultaten från analysen av byggstatik som består av handberäkningar och simuleringar i beräkningsprogrammen Concrete Beam och FEM-Design kan vi dra slutsatsen att det behövs en armeringsstång mindre av ComBAR än stål för att bära upp balkongen i studien. Ur statisk synpunkt är det lämpligt att använda glasfiberbaserade armeringsstänger i balkonginfästningen. Energiflödesberäkningarna har utförts i programmet Comsol för att erhålla ett noggrant resultat på energiflödet igenom infästningen. Återbetalningstiden på över 100 år för det pris som ComBAR ligger på i dagsläget anses inte vara rimligt och det behövs en halvering av priset innan det kan komma på tal att användas.
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Maisel, Priscila de Oliveira Pinto. "Os caminhos da cobra na poética da artista Bernadete Andrade." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4341.

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The Amazonian artist Bernadete Andrade (1953-2007) expresses in her body of work references of her culture. In this research we seek to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic relations in the creative process of art, discussing the cultural interrelations and visual elements expressed in her work. Our objective in this study is to analyze this creation process to interpret the images of the snake found in her drawings, paintings and artistic interventions, from 1989 to 2006. By utilizing methodological and technical principals of Genetic Criticism we seek to analyze and document the creative process involved in the creation of her work by analyzing records such as sketches, drafts, texts and draft books. We are also utilizing bibliographic research as the basis for the cultural context of the artist by following a multidisciplinary methodology and established a complex network, which justifies our semiotic systems approach. Thus observing the relationships built in inter-semiotic Semiosphere of the artist herself and the involvement of uniquely Amazonian and universal concepts of cultural influence on the artistic creative process. Through this analysis we see the path of Bernadete Andrade in the development and maturation of her style and thematic choices, thus making definitive structural and conceptual links between the thematic of her works utilizing the image of the snake over the course of seventeen years of her career. Our hypothesis is therefore that the line itself and the snake were used as metaphors for the artist's concept of creation.
A artista plástica amazonense Bernadete Andrade (1953-2007) traz em seu conjunto de obras referências de seu meio cultural. Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender as relações intrínsecas e extrínsecas ocorridas no processo de criação em artes, discutindo as inter-relações culturais e os elementos visuais presentes na sua obra. Nosso objetivo é percorrer parte deste processo de criação para interpretarmos as imagens da serpente encontradas em seus desenhos, pinturas e intervenções artísticas, no período de 1989 a 2006. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos e técnicos, recorremos à Crítica Genética para a análise de documentos de processo, tais como esboços, rascunhos, textos, cadernos de estudo, entre outros. Utilizamo-nos, também, da pesquisa bibliográfica para embasamento do contexto cultural da artista. Seguimos um método multidisciplinar de estudo e estabelecemos uma rede complexa, o que justifica nossa abordagem semiótico-sistêmica. Observamos, assim, as relações intersemióticas construídas na semiosfera da artista, que envolvem aspectos da cultura amazônica e universal. E percebemos o caminho percorrido por ela na elaboração e amadurecimento de seu estilo e escolhas temáticas, fazendo ligação estrutural e conceitual entre suas obras, a partir da imagem da cobra, no decorrer de dezessete anos de sua carreira. Nossa hipótese, portanto, é de que a linha e a cobra foram utilizadas pela artista como metáforas da criação.
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Sarras, Marcella. "Påverkan av hemolys vid analys av neuronspecifikt enolas på Cobas." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44406.

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Neuronspecifikt enolas (NSE) är en viktig biomarkör för att diagnostisera t.ex. neuroendokrina tumörer, särskilt småcellig lungcancer (SCLC) och neuroblastom. NSE används även som en del i utredning av hjärnskada vid hjärtstopp. Eftersom NSE finns i höga koncentrationer i erytrocyter, kan hemolys i blodprovet orsaka falskt förhöjda NSE-nivåer i serum utan hjärnskada. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera hur hemolys påverkar NSE-analysen på Cobas, ett helautomatiserat analysinstrument. Mätning av NSE-koncentration utfördes på Cobas 8000 från Roche Elecsys, baserad på immunokemisk sandwich-metod med ElectroChemi-LuminiscenceImmunoassay (ECLI) detektionsteknik. För att studera hemolysens inverkan, tillverkades hemolysat från 20 patientprover. Dessa hemolysat tillsattes till poolat serum, med NSE-nivåer inom referensintervallet (< 17 µg/L). Även graden av hemolys bestämdes på Cobas 8000. Resultatet visade ett linjärt samband mellan de uppmäta hemolysindex (HI) värden och S-NSE värden. Variationen i NSE-tillskott på individnivå undersöktes och resulterade i slutsatsen att varje hemolysenhet motsvarar ett NSE-tillskott på 0,33 ± 0,07 µg/L som frigörs från erytrocyter. Ett förslag för att lösa problemet med hemolys vid analys av S-NSE är att använda en kompenserande faktor för att korrigera NSE-koncentrationen. Kompensering kan utföras med hjälp av det erhållna sambandet i studien (1 HI = 0,33 ± 0,07 µg/L NSE-tillskott) genom att subtrahera tillskottet från den uppmätta NSE-koncentrationen.
Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) is an important biomarker for diagnosing e.g. neuroendocrine tumors, especially small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma. NSE is also used as a part of the investigation of brain damage in cardiac arrest. Because NSE is present in high concentrations in erythrocytes, hemolysis in the blood sample can cause falsely elevated NSE levels in serum without brain damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how hemolysis affects NSE analysis on Cobas, a fully automated analytical instrument. Measurement of NSE concentration was performed on Cobas 8000 from Roche Elecsys, based on immunochemical sandwich method with ElectroChemi-Luminescence Immunoassay (ECLI) detection technique. To study the effect of hemolysis, hemolysates were prepared from 20 patient samples. These hemolysates were added to pooled serum, with NSE levels within the reference range (<17 μg/L). The degree of hemolysis was also determined on Cobas 8000. The result showed a linear relationship between the measured hemolysis index (HI) values and S-NSE values. The variation in NSE contribution at the individual level was examined with the result that each hemolysis unit corresponds to an NSE contribution of 0.33 ± 0.07 µg/L, which is released from erythrocytes. A suggestion to solve the problem of hemolysis relating to NSE analysis is to use a compensatory factor to correct the NSE concentration. Compensation can be performed by using the relationship obtained in the study (1 HI = 0.33 ± 0.07 µg/L NSE contribution) and subtracting the contribution from the measured NSE concentration.
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36

Wuster, Wolfgang. "Population evolution of the Asiatic cobra (Naja naja) species complex." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU601988.

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The Asiatic cobras of the genus Naja constitute a group of medically important venomous snakes. Until now, their taxonomy has been extremely confused. This study uses multivariate analysis of morphological characters recorded from museum material in order to elucidate the population systematics of this complex. The Asiatic cobra complex, hitherto considered to be monospecific, was found to consist of eight separate species: the Central Asian cobra, from the Caspian Sea to India; the Indian spectacled cobra, from India, and neighbouring countries; the monocellate cobra, from north-eastern India, Indochina and northern Malaysia; the Chinese/Indochinese spitting cobra, from south-eastern China and Indochina; the equatorial spitting cobra, from the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Palawan; the southern Indonesian spitting cobra, from Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands; the southern Philippine spitting cobra, from the south-eastern Philippines; and the northern Philippine cobra, from the northern Philippines. The pattern of geographic variation within these species is investigated. The species are described, and the differences between them outlined, in order to allow the identification of specimens. The results are related to literature data on cobra bites and venom composition. Considerable immunological variation between the venoms of different cobra taxa has been reported, and this study has shown that in some cases, two species whose bites require different antivenoms occur sympatrically over large areas, emphasising the medical importance of venomous snake systematics. Variation in fang structure is also investigated, and related to literature reports on the incidence of spitting behaviour in these snakes. Two species are incapable of spitting, the other six show a varying degree of adaptation to this defensive behaviour. Finally, the biogeographical factors which may account for the present-day distributions of these species are investigated.
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Berggren, Kevin. "Metodvalidering av IGF-1 med ECLIA på Cobas e601 system." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161046.

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38

Toyama, Daniela de Oliveira. "Estudo das frações proteicas derivadas do veneno de serpentes "crotalicas" e "bothropicas" com atividade antibacteriana, isolamento, purificação e caracterização bioquimica e biologica." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314668.

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Orientador: Sergio Marangoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Nesta tese foram apresentados os resultados da purificação de várias proteínas biologicamente ativas do veneno de serpentes crotálicas (CrotaJus durissus temfjcus, Crotalus durissus cascavel Ia, Crotalus durissus ruruima e CrotaJus durissus colliJineatus); botrópica (Bothrops pirajal) e coral (Mícrurus dumerilíi carínícauda). Muitas destas frações foram purificadas e caracterizadas do ponto de vista biológico, bioquímico e farmacológico. FraçOes como: crotamina, fosfolipase A2 (PLA2), crotapotinas e outras mostraram uma significativa atividade antibacteriana contra bactérias frtopatogênicas e patogênicas. As análises ultraestruturais e outros dados bioquímicos indicam que estas frações exercem essa atividade de formas diferenciadas. Foram observados quatro mecanismos de ação: 1.interação das frações com a membrana bacteriana, induzindo a ruptura e desorganização da mesma com posterior lise celular, 2. desorganização citoplasmática através da entrada das frações por poros na membrana causando lise celular, 3. digestão da membrana com posterior extravasamento do conteúdo interno bacteriano com lise celular, 4.1ise da membrana através dos radicais livres gerados pela reação enzimática do veneno com a membrana bacteriana. Durante o desenvolvimento da tese foram publicados e submetidos à publicação os seguintes artigos: 1.0liveira et aI., 2002 apresentaram o fracionamento do veneno de CrotaJus durissus terrificus em HPLC de fase reversa, com obtenção das frações: crotapotinas (F5 e F7) e PLA2 (F15, F16 e F17). As frações apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. A fração F17 apresentou atividade anticoagulante e foi seqüenciada apresentando uma homologia estrutural com outras PLA2 em tomo de 60-90%. Sua massa molecular de 14,6kDa foi determinada através de tricina SDS-PAGE, eletroforese de duas dimensões e MALDI TOFF. 2. T oyama at aI., 2003 verificaram a atividade enzimática, neurotóxica e antibacteriana da fração PLA2 (F15) isolada do veneno de CrotaJus dirissus teTTificus. 3.0liveira et aI., 2003 isolaram, purificaram, seqüenciaram a fração crotapotina, um componente ácido da crotoxina do veneno de Crotalus duríssus cascavel Ia, e realizaram testes para verificar a atividade antibacteriana em bactérias fitopatogênicas Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, além de testes inflamatórios e nefrotóxicos. 4.Havt et aI., 2005 isolaram uma nova lectina tipo C (BPL) de Bothrops pirajai que foi caracterizada biológica e bioquimicamente. Esta fração também mostrou um efeito nefrotóxico em perfusão em rins isolados de ratos. 5. Toyama et al.,2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram bioquimicamente uma nova crotamina símile do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel/a. Foram identificados os peptídeos biologicamente ativos da crotamina, os quais foram responsáveis pela estimulação de secreção de insulina. . 6.Gandhi et aI., 2004 purificaram uma nova lectina tipo C (crotacetin), obtida do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel/a. Esta nova lectina induziu a agregação plaquetária, a aglutinação eritrocitária e também mostrou uma atividade antibacteriana. 7. Cavada et aI., 2004 purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova lectina da semente de Lonchocarpus sericeus, com alta especificidade por N-acetilglicosamina. 8. Cháriston et ai, 2004 isolaram e determinaram a estrutura primária de uma nova PLA2 de Micrurus dumerilli carinicauda. 9.Toyama et aI., 2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova isoforma da crotamina do veneno de Crotalus durissus ruruima e mostraram seu efeito antibacteriano. 10.Toyama et aI., 2004 isolaram, purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova PLA2 do veneno de Crotalus durissus collilineatus. Nestes trabalhos foram determinadas as regiões moleculares responsáveis pela atividade antibacteriana. 11. Toyama et a/., 2004 purificaram e caracterizaram uma nova L-amino oxidase do veneno de Crotalus durissus cascavel Ia (Casca LAO) através de exclusão molecular e HPLC de troca iônica. Casca LAO apresentou uma grande inibição bacteriana em bactérias Gram-negativas (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae) e Gram-positivas (Streptococcus mutans). Os estudos destas frações apresentam perspectivas futuras na aplicação terapêutica, como agentes antibacterianos, de novos peptídeos sintéticos ou naturais
Abstract: In this dissertation we present the results of purification of several biologically active protein from the crotalic rattlesnake venom (Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus cascavel/a, Crotalus durissus ruruima e Crotalus durissus collilineatus); from bothropic (Bothrops piraja) and coral (Micrurus dumerilli camicauda). Many of these fractions were purified and biochemical, biologically and pharmacologically characterized, some were reported and other submitted for publication in specialized joumals. Some fraction as crotamine, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), crotapotins and other showed a significant antibacterial activity against phytopatogenical and pathogenic bacterium. Ultra structural and biochemical analyses suggest that this fraction exert this antibacterial activity by different ways, which are grouped according to the mode action into four different mechanisms: 1.interaction of some fractions with the bacterial membrane inducing cellular Iyses by membrane rupture and disorganization. 2. Bacterial cell Iyses by action of fraction from the venom that form pore on the membrane and consequently cytoplasmatic disorganization and membrane rupture. 3. Membrane cell digestion induced by protein from the venom and consequently lost of cytoplasmatic content and cellular Iyses. 4. Membrane cel! Iyses induced by free radical generated by enzymatic action of protein form the venom. During the development of this thesis we reported and submitted some articles listed below: 1. Oliveira et aI., 2002 presents the purification of crotapotins (F5 and F7) and PLA2 (F15, F16 and F17)from the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom by reverse phase HPLC. These fraction showed significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Passiflorae. Fraction F17 also showed an anticoagulant activity and its amino acid sequence showed high amino acid sequence identity with.60-90% with other PLA2 from different sources. Its molecular mass was 14,6kDa determined by Tricine PAGE-SDS, two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI TOFF. 2. Toyama et aI., 2003 showed the enzymatic, neurotoxic and antibacterial activities of PLA2 isoform (F15) from the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. 3. Oliveira et aI., 2003 isolated, purified and determined the amino acid sequence of crotapotin fraction, an acid compound of crotoxin from the Crotalus durissus cascavel/a, and detennined its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative phytopathogenic baderium, intlammatory and nephrotoxicity. 4. Havt et aI., 2005 isolated a new type C-Iectin (SPL) trom the Bothrops pirajaithat was biologically and biochemical characterized. This fraction also showed a nephrotoxic effect on the isolated perfused kidney. 5. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and characterized biochemical a new crotamine like from Crotalus durissus cascavella venom. In this work we identified the biologically active peptide from this crotamine, which were responsible for increasing insulin secretion. 6. Gandhi et aI., 2004 purified a new lectin type C (crotocetin) trom the Crotalus durissus cascavella venom. This lectin induced platelet aggregation, erythrocyte agglutination and also showed an antibacterial activity. 7. Cavada et aI., 2004 purified and characterized a new lectin from the Lonchocarpus serieus seed that showed high specific binding against N-acetyl glucosamine. 8. Cháriston et aI., 2004 isolated and determined the amino acid sequence of new PLA2 from Micrurus dumerilli carinicauda. 9. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and characterized a new crotamine isofonn from the Crotalus durissus ruruima venom and showed its antibacterial activity. 10. Toyama et aI., 2004 isolated, purified and charaderized a new PLA2 trom the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. In this work we determined the molecular region of the PLA2 responsible for the antibacterial activity. 11. Toyama et aI., 2004 purified and characterized a new L-amino acid oxidase from the Crotalus durissus cascavella whole venom (Casca LAAO) by molecular exdusion and cation exchange HPLC. Casca LAAO inhibited strongly the bacterial growth rate of Gram-negative (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv passiflorae) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans). These studies presented here showed a future perspective to therapeutic application of these peptides, synthetical/y or natural/y obtained as potential antibacterial substances
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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39

Fernandes, Carlos Alexandre Henrique. "Estudos estruturais com fosfolipases A2 isoladas de venenos de serpentes dos gêneros Bothrops e Crotalus /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108406.

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Orientador: Marcos Roberto de Mattos Fontes
Coorientador: Débora Colombi
Banca: Consuelo L. Fortes-Dias
Banca: Marcelo Fossey
Banca: Paulo Eduardo M. Ribolla
Banca: João Renato Carvalho Muniz
Resumo: Ainda nos dias de hoje, o envenenamento ofídico é um problema de saúde pública, afetando sobretudo, regiões de clima tropical, subtropical e áreas rurais de países da África, Ásia, Oceania e América Latina. No Brasil, os gêneros de serpentes Bothrops e Crotalus são responsáveis por quase 90% dos acidentes ofídicos, sendo que os acidentes provocados por este último apresentam relativa alta taxa de mortalidade. O veneno das serpentes do gênero Bothrops possuem uma classe de fosfolipases A2, as Lys49-PLA2s, que não possuem atividade catalítica, mas são capazes de induzir a mionecrose por uma mecanismo não catalítico que não é totalmente conhecido. Com relação às fosfolipases A2 veneno das serpentes do gênero Crotalus, o complexo crotoxina, formado pela crotoxina A (não catalítica) e a crotoxina B (catalítica) pode constituir até cerca de 60% do veneno desses animais, como no caso da subespécie Crotalus durissus terrificus, e é uma potente neurotoxina que provoca um grande bloqueio da transmissão neuromuscular. Neste trabalho, utilizando diversas técnicas teóricas e experimentais, sobretudo cristalografia de raios X, são apresentados diversos resultados que visam aprofundar o conhecimento acerca do funcionamento destas proteínas. Com relação à crotoxina, é apresentado a estrutura cristalográfica da crotoxina B de Crotalus durissus colillineatus, a expressão heteróloga da isoforma CBa2 da crotoxina B de Crotalus durissus terrificus para a posterior produção de formas mutantes sítio-dirigidas e resultados da análise do espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo da crotoxina e de suas subunidades isoladas, gerando informações relevantes e inéditas acerca da oligomerização destas proteínas. No caso das Lys49-PLA2s isoladas do veneno botrópico, são apresentadas duas novas estruturas cristalográficas dessa classe de proteínas isolada da serpente amazônica B. brazili. A análise ...
Abstract: Snakebite is a very serious public health problem still today, affecting tropical and subtropical countries, especially the rural areas of Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. In Brazil, Bothrops and Crotalus snake genus are responsible of almost 90% of snakebites. The venoms of Bothrops snakes have a class of phospholipases A2, known as Lys49-PLA2s, which do not have catalytic activity. However, they are able to induce myonecrosis by a non-catalytic mechanism that is not fully understood. In the venom of Crotalus snakes, a phospholipase A2, known as crotoxin constitutes about 60% of the venom from these animals. This protein is a potent neurotoxin that causes a large block of neuromuscular transmission formed by complexation of crotoxin A (non-catalytic) and crotoxin B (catalytic). In this work, it was used several theoretical and experimental techniques, in particular X-ray protein crystallography, to generate information to extend the knowledge of the action of these proteins. Regarding to crotoxin, the crystal structure of crotoxin B isolated from Crotalus durissus colillinetaus was solved and the heterologous expression of isoform CBa2 of crotoxin B from Crotalus durissus terrificus was performed, in order to, subsequently, produce site-directed mutants. Furthermore, it is presented small angle X-ray scattering experiments with the crotoxin and its isolated subunits that provided intriguing and novel information about the oligomerization of these proteins. Regarding to Lys49-PLA2s from Bothrops snakes, it is presented two new crystal structures of this class isolated from Amazonian snake B. brazili. The analysis of these structures and the structural comparison to other Lys49-PLA2s crystallographic structures generated new information about the position of hydrophobic residues in C-terminal portion of these proteins. This information led us to a new proposition of the mechanism of action of these proteins. It is also presented ...
Doutor
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40

Wehrhahn, Daniel. "Untersuchungen zur Struktur-Funktionsbeziehung von Kobra-Venom-Faktor Konstruktion und rekombinante Expression von Kobra-Venom-Faktor/Kobra-C3-Hybriden /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961283416.

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41

Bammert, Holger. "Die Genstrukturen von Cobra venom factor und homologen Komplementgenen der Kobra Naja kaouthia." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967877806.

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42

Zappellini, Aldete. "Estudos bioquimico e farmacologico da peçonha de Bothrops erythromelas." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310170.

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Abstract:
Orientador : Julia Prado Francheschi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A B. erythromelas é uma serpente que habita exclusivamente as regiões quentes do Nordeste brasileiro (Bahia ao Ceará). Nesta Tese avaliaram-se características bioquímicas e farmacológicas de sua peçonha. Verificou-se que o veneno apresenta atividades coagulante, proteolítica (caseinolítica), fosfolipásica e hemorrágica, bem como discreta atividade TAME-esterásica. Os fracionamentos realizados revelaram a presença de três (Sephadex G-75) e quatro (Sephadex G-100) picos distintos. No primeiro pico detectaram-se as atividades proteolítica e coagulante, no segundo, TAME-esterásica (ausente em Sephadex G-75), no terceiro, fosfolipásicae coagulante. Nenhuma atividade foi detectada no último pico. Através do estudo farmacológico, verificou-se que a peçonha de B. elyrhromelas é menos tóxica do que a de B. jararaca para camundongos (via intraperitoneal); no entanto, esta relação se inverteu para pintainhos (via, intramuscular). Estudamos também os efeitos deste veneno sobre,a pressão arterial sistêmica e a respiração, bem como sobre o tempo de coagulação, de cães anestesiados. Observou-se que após administração de 25 fJ.g/kg da peçonha (via endovenosa, "bolus"), os animais apresentaram uma queda da pressão arterial que revelou a presença de dois componentes distintos: o primeiro manifestou-se por uma queda de rápida instalação e de moderada intensidadee o segundo, por uma queda mais acentuada e persistente. Verificou-se também que o veneno determinou a morte de 58,8% dos animais, por parada respiratória precedida por hiperpnéia. Incoagulabilidade sanguínea, após uma breve fase de hipercoagulabilidade (coagulopatiade consumo) foi também observada. O pré-tratamento dos animais, de forma independente, com heparina, sulfato de celulose, NW-nitro-L arginina metil éster (L-NAME) , indometacina, soro antibotrópico (SAB), e sulfato de celulose e indometacina associados, determinou a sobrevida de 100% dos animais experimentados. O primeiro componente hipotensor foi inibido significativamente pelo sulfato de celulose, bem como pela heparina, enquanto que o segundo componente hipotensor foi abolido em 50% dos animais tratados com indometacina. A associação de sulfato de celulose e indometacina inibiu completamente as alterações pressóricas induzidas pelo veneno, bem como as anomalias respiratórias. Estes resultados sugerem que bradicinina seja responsável pela queda inicial da pressão arterial e que eicosanóides com ação vasodilatadora, tais como prostacic1ina e/ou prostaglandina E2 sejam os mediadores da segunda queda pressórica. O estado de choque, por sua vez, seria mantido pela liberação de óxido nítrico pelas células endoteliais, uma vez que o pré-tratamento com L-NAME determinou uma recuperaçãoacelerada dos níveis pressóricos, ainda que não tenha interferido com nenhuma das respostas hipotensoras. As alterações na coagulação somente foram revertidas com o uso do SAB, no entanto em proporção 30 vezes superior àquela recomendada pelo Instituto Butantan
Abstract: B. elythromelas is a snake found exc1usivelyin the Northeast of Brazil (from Bahia to Ceará). In this Thesis, some of the biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this venom were examined. B. erythromelas venom possesses coagulant activity as well as proteolytic (caseinolytic), phospholipase and TAME-esterase activities. Practionation of the venom yielded either three (Sephadex G-75) or four (Sephadex G-IOO) distinct peaks. The first peak contained primarily proteolytic and clotting activities; in the second one, TAME-esterase activity was detected (this peak was absent in the G-75 fractionation). The third peak contained phospholipase activity and in the last, no activity could be detected. B. erythromelas venom, compared with B. jararaca venom, is less toxic in mice, when given i.p.. However, this potency is inverted when the venoms are given i.m. in chicks. The effects of B. erythromelas venom on arterial blood pressure and respiration, as well as clotting time "in vivo" (anaesthetized dogs), were also examined. A bolus injection of B. Erythromelas venom (25 f-tg/kg,i.v.) induced a biphasic hypotensive response consisting of a rapid initial decrease followed by a partial recovery (early phase) which was then succeeded by a more sustained hypotension (late phase). The dose of venom used caused a 58.8% mortality. The animals died following a period of profound respiratory alterations. Independent pre-treatment of the animaIs with heparin, cellulose sulphate, NW-Nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, antibothropic serum, or a combination of cellulose sulphate and indomethacin, abolished the lethality. The ear1yphase of hypotension was inhibited by cellulose sulphate as well as by heparin, while the late phase was partially inhibited (50%) by indomethacin. Pre-treatment with cellulose sulphate and indomethacin abolished the venom-induced alterations in blood pressure and respiration. These results suggest that bradykinin may be responsible for the initial hypotensive response and that vasodilatory eicosanoids, such as prostacyclin and/or prostaglandin E2 may mediate the late phase. Pre-treatment with L-NAME led to a more rapid recovery from the sustained late phase of hypotension although there was no effect on the immediate hypotensive response. This observation suggests that nitric oxide release, from endothelial cells, may contribute to the maintenance of the venom-induced shock. On the other hand, the hemostatic alterations were prevented only by pre-treatment with antibothropic serum, however in a dose 30 fold above that recommended by the Butantan Institute
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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43

Andrade, Antonio Lelis Franco. "Estudo farmacologico da peçonha de Bothrops moojeni." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310171.

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Abstract:
Orientador : Julia Prado Franceschi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Serpentes da especie B. moojeni, conhecidas popularmente como "caiçaca", apesar de medirem cerca de 1,50m são capazes de fornecer até 300mg de veneno por extração, podendo por este motivo causar acidentes graves. Na Região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo (região de São Josédo Rio Preto), chegam a 90% dos casos registrados. Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Bothrops moojeni (Hoge, 1966), populary known by the Tupi-Guarani Indian name of "caiçaca" meaning "something that burns", is a widely distributed venomous snake species found in the state of São Paulo and in neighboring regions. Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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44

Souza, Ana Olivia de. "Avaliação da capacidade edematogenica do veneno de Bothrops lanceolatus em pata de camundongos." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313766.

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Orientador: Albetiza Lobo de Araujo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A capacidade que os venenos de serpentes possuem de aumentarem a permeabilidade vascular e induzirem edema, através da liberação de substâncias farmacologicamente ativas, é bem conhecida. Investigamos a resposta inflamatória (edema e permeabilidade vascular) induzida pelo veneno de Bothrops lanceolatus (VBL) em camundongos Swiss machos. O edema de pata foi induzido pela injeção subplantar do VBL (125 a 1000 ng/pata) e quantificado pelo aumento do peso da pata. A permeabifidade vascular foi determinada pela quantidade de azul de Evans extravasado. O edema e o aumento de permeabilidade foram máximos dentro de duas horas e estatisticamente insignificantes a partir de 24 horas. A administração de iloprost (20 ng/pata) após a do VBL potencializou o edema e o aumento de permeabilidade vascular aproximadamente em 400%. O tratamento dos camundongos com indometacina (5 mg/kg), dexametasona (1 mg/kg), NDGA (100 mg/kg) ou BW A4C (50 mg/kg) inibiu o edema induzido pelo VBL (43%, 59%, 28% e 43%, respectivamente) e o a(Jmento da permeabilidade vascular (0%, 66%, 48% e 44%, respectivamente). Ao contrário, os antagonistas de histamina, serotonina, e PAF [mepiramina (6 mg/kg), ciproheptadina (5 mg/kg), e WEB 2086 (50 mg/kg), respectivamente não foram efetivos. Estes resultados indicam que os dois fenômenos anteriormente citados são mediados principalmente por produtos da ação de ciclooxigenase e lipoxigenase. A nível histológico, as patas que sofreram injeção de 250 e 500 ng do VBL apresentaram um aumento na região dérmica com espaços intercelulares que são indícios de edema. Houve a presença de infiltrado celular, principalmente neutrófilos, entre as fibras musculares, as quais, morfologicamente não foram afetadas, pelo menos durante as três primeiras horas de observação. Com a dose de 500 ng ocorreu intensa hemorragia registrando grande número de hemácias extravasculares
Abstract: The ability of snake venoms to increase vascular permeability and to induce oedema through the release of pharmacologically active substances is well known. This thesis investigates the inflammatory response (oedema and , vascular permeability) induced by the venom of Bothrops lanceolatus (BL V) in male Swiss white mice (20-30g). Paw oedema was induced by the subplantar injection of BLV (125-1000 ng/paw) and was quantified as the increase in paw weighí. Changes in vascular permeability were assessed by measuring the amount of Evans blue dye extravasation. Oedema and the increase in vascular permeability were maximal within two hours and had resolved afier 24h. The administration of iloprost (20 ng/paw) immediately afier BLV potentiated the oedema and increased the vascular permeability by approximately 400%. Pre¬treating the mice with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), NDGA (100 mg/kg), or BW A4C (50 mg/kg) inhibited the BLV-induced oedema (by 43%, 59%, 28% and 43%, respectively) and the increase in vascular permeability (by 0%, 66%, 48%, and 44%, respectively). In contrast, histamine, serotonin, and PAF-acether antagonists [mepyramine (6 mglkg) , cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg), and WEB 2086 (50 mg/kg), respectively)] were not effective. In histological sections,the venom (250 and 500 ng) was observed to cause thickening of the innerdermal layers which was accompanied by the presence of large intercellular spaces indicative of oedema. In addition, there was a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, into the underlying muscle layer. The latter, however, remained morphologically unaffected during the three hours of observation. Venom doses of 500 ng or more produced intense hemorrhage in the paw. These results indicate that BL V-induces oedema and increases vascular permeability in the mouse paw as confirmed by histological examination of the injected paws. The principal mediators of this inflammation response are cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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45

Toyama, Marcos Hikari. "Miotoxinas PLA2 "like" de Bothrops pirajai : caracterização molecular e funcional." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314663.

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Orientador: Sergio Marangoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As serpentes do gênero Bothrops incluem várias espécies, que são amplamente distribuídas na América do Sul e do Norte. Entre as proteínas bioativas do veneno de Bothrops, as Fosfolipases Az (PLAz,E.c. 3.1.14) e as miotoxinas PLAz"like" destacam-se como seus componentes majoritários. Fosfolipases Az são enzimas cálcio dependentes que hidrolisam a ligação 2-éster do 1,2 diacil-3sn fosfoglicerídeo (Chang et aI., 1994, Shimohigachi et aI., 1995, Ogawa, et aI., 1996). Estas enzimas são encontradas em muitos tecidos, principalmente no suco pancrácio de mamíferos,no veneno de serpentes e insetos. Enzimas PLAz são classificados dentro de quatro grupos (I, lI, III e IV) de acordo com sua origem extracelular ou intracelular, de acordo com sua estrutura primária e pontes de sulfeto (Denis et aI., 1994). Nesta tese, trabalhos com o veneno total de Bothrops pirajai e suas frações fosfolipases Az miotóxicas. Num primeiro instante, nos desenvolvemos uma nova estratégia de purificaçãodestas miotoxinasem HPLC(HPLCde fase reversa, troca iônicae exclusão molecular) e em cromatografia convencional de baixa pressão (CM-Sepharose). Em nossas condições experimentais, observamos que o HPLCde fase reversa (RP HPLC)tem vantagens sobre o método convencional, em relação ao tempo da corrida cromatográfica, a resolução dos picos e a manutenção da integridade molecular da PLAz. O primeiro trabalho feito por Toyama et aI., (1995) apresenta os resultados da purificação da principal miotoxina PLAz"Iike" (MPI e MPII) do veneno total de Bothrops pirajai, usando uma única etapa cromatográfica em HPLCde fase reversa. Este novo protocolo de purificação restringe a quantidade de proteína a ser colocada na coluna algumas mg. O rendimento final é 35% melhor do que na cromatografia de troca iônica de baixa pressão. Em Soares et aI., (1998), propusemos um uma outra alternativa de purificação das miotoxinas PLAz "like" majoritárias usando coluna convencional, uma vez que o RP HPLC não aceita grandes quantidades de amostras. No procedimento convencional,a eluição das miotoxinasPLAz"like" era eluídausando acetato de amônia em altas concentraçõe se altos valor de pH. Atroca do acetato de amônio por bicarbonato de amônia permitiu o uso de tampões com baixo pH e baixas concentrações salinas. Outros venenos de Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops alternatus e Bothrops (Bothriopsis) bilineata foram fracionados usando procedimentos simplificados baseados na cromatografia em CMSepharose a pH 8.0 ou em RP HPLC. O uso de NH4HC03ou de acetonitrila como tampões nestes procedimentos cromatográficosdescritos acima, tem outras vantagens como a omissãode desalificaçãoe facilidadena liofilização. Isto permite uma melhorrecuperação das proteínas eluídas e redução do tempo de corrida. O método em CM-Sepharosee RP-HPLCdescritos aqui são recomendados para escalas preparativas e analíticas, respectivamente. Nos métodos previamente descritos usam dois ou mais passos cromatográficos para o isolamento de miotoxinas. Em adição as colunas preparativas wBondapack C18 mostraram também ser conveniente para a purificação de PLA2S. Ambos os métodos descritos aqui separam os componentes principaisdo veneno usando unicamente passo cromatográfico. Os perfis cromatográficos mostraram importantes diferenças no conteúdo de miotoxinas destes venenos. O veneno de B. alternatus, B. atrox e Bothriopsis bilineata não contem a miotoxina principal encontrada em outros venenos. O sequenciamento de aminoácidos dos primeiros 50 resíduos da região N-terminal destas miotoxinas PLA2"like" mostram uma homologia de 90 a 96% com outras miotoxinas botropicas. Todas as miotoxinas isoladas induzem edema de pata, aumentando o nível de creatinina quinase pancreática e indução da mionecrose junto com a infiltraçãode células polimorfonucleares. Nesta tese, nos apresentamos o isolamento, purificação e a determinação da estrutura primária de três miotoxinas fosfolipase A2"like" do veneno de Bothrops pirajai, denominadas como PrTX-I,PrTX-IIe MP-III4R. PrTX-I ou Piratoxina I foi isolado por Mancuso et ai., (1995), e completamente seqüênciada por Toyama et ai., (1998). PrTX-Ié a principal PLA2 miotóxica encontrado no veneno total de Bothrops pirajai, composto por 121 resíduos de aminoácidos, uma DLso de cerca de 8mg/kg em camundongos e uma dose edematogênica mínima de 39.5 :t 1.8 Ilg. A modificação química da His 48 da PrTX-I pelo p-BPB praticamente aboliu sua atividade biológica. PrTX-II ou Piratoxina II foi a segunda miotoxina importante isolada do veneno de Bothrops pirajai que foi sequenciada por Toyama et aI., (1999, submetido). Tem 121 resíduos de aminoácido de baixa atividade PLA2 devido substituição do Asp49 por Lys49e alteração do "Ioop" de ligação do cálcio pela substituição de Gly32 por Leu32 e outras modificações foram importantes para a perda da flexibilidadedo sítio de ligação do cálcio. PrTX-II tem somente um único amino ácido modificado (D132 para A132) em relação a PrTX-I esta mudança confere a PrTX-II um ligeiro caráter básico. A MP-III 4R foi a terceira miotoxina isolada do veneno de Bothrops pirajai. Esta miotoxina PLA2 "Iike" tem uma atividade PLA2moderada se comparada com outras enzimas encontradas em venenos Crotálicos. MP-III4R é um raro exemplode PLA2 com atividade fosfolipase A2, anticoagulante e miotóxica. Sua atividade PLA2 moderada é devido a substituição do resíduo E53 pelo K53 e seu efeito anticoagulante é devido a atividade PLA2.Amiotoxicidade não é devido a sua atividade catalítica. O alinhamento de amino ácidos da PrTX-I,PrTX-II mostra um alto nível (95%) de homologia sequencial entre esta miotoxina e outras PLA2botropicas. Contudo, estes valores diminuem para 80% para as não botropicas e para 70-75% para as PLA2Asp49. Ambas toxinas foram caracterizadas como miotoxinas potentes e tem um atividade PLA2 residual. MP-III 4R mostra uma homologia seqüencial de mais de 50% com outras PLA2 D-49. Maso alinhamento de aminoácidos da MP-III4R com PLA2K-49diminui para cerca de 60% de homologia. PrTX-II e PrTX-III foram cristalizados e difratados usando uma resulução de 2.04 e 2.7 A. Recentemente, a estrutura tridimensional da PrTX-IIfoi resolvida e mostrou uma estrutura dimérica
Abstract: The genus Bothrops comprises severaI species, which are widely distributed in South and North America. Among the bioactive proteins from Bothrops venoms, the phospholipase A2(PLA2,E.C.3.1.14) and PLA2-likemyotoxin are outstanding as their major components. Phospholipase A2Sare calcium-dependent enzymes which hydrolyze the 2 ester bonds of 1,2 diacyl-3sn phosphoglycerides (Chang et aI., 1994, Shimohigachi et aI., 1995, Ogawa, et aI., 1996). They are found in most tissues, mainly in the pancreatic juice of mammals, venom of snakes and insects. PLA2enzymes are classified onto four groups (I, II, III and IV), according to their extracellular or intracellular origin, their primary structure and disulfide bonding (Denis et aI., 1994). In this thesis, we work with Bothrops pirajai whole venom and its myotoxic phospholipase A2fractions. At first time, we develop a new strategy of purification of this myotoxinon the HPLC(reverse phase, ion exchange, and molecular exclusion) and in the convention low-pressure chromatography (CM-Sepharose). In our experimental condition, we observed that Reverse Phase HPLC(RP HPLC) has advantageous on the conventional method about the time of chromatographic run, the resolution of some proteins and preservation of integrity of PLA2 molecule. The first work made by Toyama et aI., (1995) presents the results of the purification of the main myotoxin PLA2"Iike" (MPI and MPII) from the whole venom of Bothrops piraja.,using only chromatographicstep on the RPHPLC. This novel purification protocol restricts the amount of protein to be loaded on each column in few mg. The final yield is 35% better than to in low-pressure ion exchange chromatography. In the Soares et aI., (1998), we proposed to increase the purification grade of main PLA2 "like" myotoxin using conventional column, because the RP HPLC does not accept great amount of samples. In the conventional procedure, the elution of the PLA2 "like" myotoxin was eluted using ammonium acetate at high salt and pH values. The exchange of the ammonium acetate by ammonium bicarbonate allowed using low pH and ionic salt concentration. PrTX-II or Piratoxin II was a second important myotoxin from Bothrops pirajai that has been sequecianated by Toyama (Submitted). It has 121 amino acid residues and has low PLA2activity arose of the substitution of Asp49 by Lys49and alteration of the calcium binding loop sequence by replacement of Gly32 by Leu32 and other modification were important for 1055of the flexibility the calcium ion binding site. PrTX-II I have only one amino acid change (0132 to A132) to PrTX-I, this change confer to PrTX-II a slight basic character. The MP-III 4R was thirty myotoxin isolated from the Bothrops pirajai venom. This PLA2 like myotoxinhasa moderate PLA2activity if comparedto other enzymesfound in the Crotalic venom. MP-III 4R is a rare example of PLA2 with phospholipase A2, anticoagulant and myotoxic activities. Its moderate PLA2activity is due to the replacement of E53 by K53 and its anticoagulant effects is due to that PLA2activity. The myotoxicity is not due to the catalytic activity. The aminoacid alignment of PrTX-I, PrTX-II shows a high levei(95%) of sequential homology between this myotoxin and other bothropic Lys-49 PLA2. However, these values fali to 80% for nonbothropic and to 70-75% for the Asp 49 PLA2S. 80th toxins were characterized as very potent myotoxin and have a residual PLA2 activity. MP-III 4R 049 exhibit a sequence homology with other 0-49 PLA2up 75%. But the amino acid alignment of MP-III 4R with K-49 PLA2falls to around 60% of homology. PrTX-II and PrTX-III were crystallizedand were diffractedat resolution of 2.04 and 2.7 of resolution, respectively. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of PrTX-II was solved and showed a dimeric structure. Other venoms from Bothropsjararacussu, Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Bothrops pirajai, Bothrops moojeni, Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops (Bothriopsis) bilineata were fractionated using a simplified procedure based on ion-exchange chromatography on CMSepharose at pH 8.0 or reverse phase HPLC. The use of NH4HCO3or acetonitrile as the buffer in these chromatographic procedure described above, has other advantages as omissionof desalting and easy for freeze-drying. This allows a best recoveryof the proteins eluted and reduction of run time. The CM-Sepharose and the RP-HPLC methods described here are recommended for preparative and analytical purpose, respectively. Previous reported methods use two or more chromatographic steps for the isolation of myotoxins. In addition, the preparative WBondapackC18 column was also useful for the purificationof PLA2S. Both methods described here allow separating the major components of the venom using an only one chromatographic step. The resulting elution profiles showed important differences in the myotoxin content of these venoms. The venoms from B. alternatus, B. atrox and Bothriopsis bilineata did not contain the major myotoxin found in the other venoms. The amino acid sequence of the first 50 residues of the N-terminal region of the PLA2-like myotoxins showed a homology of 90-96% with other botropic myotoxins. All of the myotoxins isolated induced rat paw edema, increased the levei of plasma creatine kinase and produced myonecrosis together with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. In this thesis, we present the isolation; purification and determination of primary structure of three phospholipase A2"like" myotoxin from the Bothrops pirajai snake venom denominated as PrTX-I, PrTX-II and MP-III 4R. PrTX-I or Piratoxin I was firstly isolated by Mancuso et aI., (1995), and full sequenced by Toyama et aI., (1998). PrTX-Iis the main miotoxic PLA2found in the whole Bothrops pirajai venom, composed by 121 amino acid residues, a DLso around 8mg/kg in mice and a minimal edematogenic dose of 39.5 :t 1.8 /.lg. The chemical modification of His-48 of PrTX-I by p-BPB practically destroyed its biological activity
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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46

Ribeiro, Dulcineia Aparecida. "Purificação, caracterização bioquimica e funcional de uma serinoprotease (Uruprot) do veneno de Bothrops alternatus (Urutu)." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314375.

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Orientador: Jose Camillo Novello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Venenos de serpentes contêm uma ampla variedade de enzimas. As proteases purificadas de veneno são geralmente dassificadas por sua estrutura em: serinoproteases e metaloproteases, e apresentam potente efeito na ativação ou inibição da coagulação sangüínea, agindo na hemostasia, trombose, fibrinólise e agregação plaquetária. A presente dissertação teve por objetivo purificar e caracterizar a serinoprotease Uruprot do veneno de Bothrops altematus, uma serpente da família Viperidae. Uruprot foi purificada em dois passos cromatográficos: Sephadex G75 e DEAE 5PW, em sistema HPLC. A homogeneidade de Uruprot foi monitorada em gel SDS-PAGE e em coluna de fase reversa C18. O gel de eletroforese em condições desnaturantes evidenciou uma banda com massa molecular aparente de 32 kDa na presença de 0,1 M de DTT, sugerindo que esta é formada por uma única cadeia polipeptídica. A eletroforese de duas dimensões de Uruprot demonstrou ser seu ponto isoelétrico em torno de 4,6, confirmando massa molecular observada em SDS-PAGE. A análise da composição de aminoácidos de Uruprot apresentou alta concentração dos aminoácidos glicina, treonina, fenilalanina, isoleucina, serina e glutamina e baixos níveis de aminoácidos básicos como histidina e arginina, ratificando o resultado da 2D caracterizando um pl ácido. Uruprot teve reação positiva quando submetida à coloração para carboidrato, sugerindo a existência de carboidratos ligados covalentemente à sua estrutura. O estudo da homologia seqüencial da região N-terminal da seqüência consenso (WGGDECNINEHR-LVAI) indicou alto grau de homologia com as serinoproteinases: TVSPA (94%), KLE 11 (94%) e Ancrod (92%) entre outras. Uruprot não induziu a agregação em plaquetas lavadas, mas inibiu a indução da aglutinação de eritrócitos na presença de Ristocetina na concentração mínima de 1 O ~g/mL. O conjunto de resultados obtidos com Uruprot monstram fortes indícios de que essa pode desempenhar a função de ativadora do plasminogênio, entretanto o papel da atividade "in vivo" das serinoproteases de venenos em envenenamentos patológicos é pouco conhecido. Estudos adicionais são necessários para a obtenção de maiores informações sobre esse grupo de enzimas
Abstract: Snake venoms contain a high variety of toxic compounds and enzymes. Venom purified proteases are structurally dassified as serine proteases and metalloproteases, and showa potent effect on blood coagulation, acting on hemostasis, thrombosis, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. The aim of this work was the purification and characterization of a serine protease from the venom of Bothrops altematus snake, called Uruprot. Uruprot was purified in a two step chromatography: Sephadex G-75 and DEAE 5PW both in HPLC system. Its homogenity was monitored in SDS-PAGE and reversedphase C18 chromatography. In denaturing conditions, 0,1 M DTT, a band of 32 kDa apparent molecular mass was evidenced, suggesting that the protein consists in one polypeptidic chain. The two dimensional electrophoresis of Uruprot showed its isoelectric point at about 4,6, confirming the apparent molecular mass observed in SDS-PAGE. Uruprot's amino acid analysis composition showed a high concentration of glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, serine and glutamine and low levels of basic amino aCids, as histidine and arginine, ratifying the result obtained from bidimensional electrophoresis wich showed an acid pl. Uruprot showed a positive reaction when submitted to carbohydrate coloration indicating the presence of carbohydrate covalentely bound to its structure. The N-terminal sequence homology study showed a consensus sequence (WGGDECNINEHR-LVAI) and indicated a high homology with serine proteinase TSV-PA (94%), KLE 11 (94%), Ancrod (92%), and others. Uruprot did not induce platelet aggregation but inhibits erytrocytes agglutination in the presence of ristocetin, in a minimum concentration of 10llg/mL. Ali the results obtained indicates that Uruprot is a serine protease plasminogen activator, however, the role of "in vivo" activity of venom serine proteases in envenomation remains unclear. Additional studies are necessary to provide more information about this enzyme grou
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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47

Fuga, Adriana [UNESP]. "Determinantes da resposta termofílica pós-prandial em Crotalus durissus terrificus (Squamata: Viperidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99552.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Virtualmente todos os processos biológicos são influenciados pela temperatura. Desta forma, os animais, em geral, investem tempo e energia para regular a temperatura corpórea (Tc) ao passo que os animais ectotérmicos, em particular, têm sua biologia fortemente moldada pela termorregulação comportamental. No caso das serpentes o desempenho em cada atividade em particular pode ser otimizado ou prejudicado em diferentes temperaturas. Como consequência, serpentes podem alterar a temperatura corpórea selecionada com base no tipo de atividade que está sendo exercida no momento e de acordo com a disponibilidade térmica do ambiente. Um exemplo bem conhecido é a seleção de micro-habitats com temperatura mais elevada levando a um aumento significativo da Tc após a ingestão do alimento, comportamento referido como “resposta termofílica pós-prandial”. Este aumento da Tc sabidamente acelera a digestão e, possivelmente, traz beneficios no orçamento de tempo e energia das serpentes. No entanto, a busca de sitios térmicos mais propícios deve acarretar em custos e riscos, especialmente em serpentes recentemente alimentadas que tem a capacidade de locomoção reduzida e, portanto, poderia torná-las mais vulneráveis à predação. Como as serpentes solucionam este conflito entre os benefícios providos por um aumento da Tc durante a digestão do alimento e os riscos envolvidos com a termorregulação é, atualmente, ignorado. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi documentar a resposta termofílica pós-prandial da cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus, em condições de laboratório, disponibilizando ou não abrigos (tocas) em um gradiente térmico. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que C. d. terrificus apresenta um ciclo circadiano de variação da Tc, com temperaturas mais altas registradas no final da tarde e início da noite...
Virtually all biological processes are influenced by temperature. Thus, animals generally invest time and energy to regulate body temperature (Tc) while ectotherms, in particular, have their biology strongly shaped by behavioral thermoregulation. In snakes, performance in each particular activity can be enhanced or impaired at different temperatures. Consequently, snakes can alter body temperature selected based on the type of activity being carried out at the time and according to the availability of the thermal environment. A well-known example is the selection of micro-habitats with higher temperature leads to a significant increase in Tc after ingestion of food, behavior referred to as “post-prandial thermophilic response. This increase of Tc accelerates digestion and possibly brings benefits in the budget of time and energy of snakes. However, the search for thermal sites should result in more favorable costs and risks, especially recently fed into serpents which is capable of locomotion reduced and therefore could make them more vulnerable to predators. As snakes resolve this conflict between the benefits provided by an increase in Tc during the digestion of food and the risks involved with thermoregulation is currently ignored. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the post-prandial thermophilic response of rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, under laboratory conditions, offering or not shelters (burrows) in a thermal gradient. Our results suggest that C. d. terrificus has a circadian variation of Tc with higher temperatures recorded in the late afternoon and early evening. The feed caused an increase in mean body temperature of C. d. terrificus and this increase was primarily due to an increase in minimum temperatures in the early days of digestion. With the availability of shelters, the thermoregulatory behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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48

Fuga, Adriana. "Determinantes da resposta termofílica pós-prandial em Crotalus durissus terrificus (Squamata: Viperidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99552.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Denis Otávio Vieira de Andrade
Banca: Cleo Alcantara Costa Leite
Banca: Jose Eduardo de Carvalho
Resumo: Virtualmente todos os processos biológicos são influenciados pela temperatura. Desta forma, os animais, em geral, investem tempo e energia para regular a temperatura corpórea (Tc) ao passo que os animais ectotérmicos, em particular, têm sua biologia fortemente moldada pela termorregulação comportamental. No caso das serpentes o desempenho em cada atividade em particular pode ser otimizado ou prejudicado em diferentes temperaturas. Como consequência, serpentes podem alterar a temperatura corpórea selecionada com base no tipo de atividade que está sendo exercida no momento e de acordo com a disponibilidade térmica do ambiente. Um exemplo bem conhecido é a seleção de micro-habitats com temperatura mais elevada levando a um aumento significativo da Tc após a ingestão do alimento, comportamento referido como "resposta termofílica pós-prandial". Este aumento da Tc sabidamente acelera a digestão e, possivelmente, traz beneficios no orçamento de tempo e energia das serpentes. No entanto, a busca de sitios térmicos mais propícios deve acarretar em custos e riscos, especialmente em serpentes recentemente alimentadas que tem a capacidade de locomoção reduzida e, portanto, poderia torná-las mais vulneráveis à predação. Como as serpentes solucionam este conflito entre os benefícios providos por um aumento da Tc durante a digestão do alimento e os riscos envolvidos com a termorregulação é, atualmente, ignorado. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi documentar a resposta termofílica pós-prandial da cascavel, Crotalus durissus terrificus, em condições de laboratório, disponibilizando ou não abrigos (tocas) em um gradiente térmico. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que C. d. terrificus apresenta um ciclo circadiano de variação da Tc, com temperaturas mais altas registradas no final da tarde e início da noite... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Virtually all biological processes are influenced by temperature. Thus, animals generally invest time and energy to regulate body temperature (Tc) while ectotherms, in particular, have their biology strongly shaped by behavioral thermoregulation. In snakes, performance in each particular activity can be enhanced or impaired at different temperatures. Consequently, snakes can alter body temperature selected based on the type of activity being carried out at the time and according to the availability of the thermal environment. A well-known example is the selection of micro-habitats with higher temperature leads to a significant increase in Tc after ingestion of food, behavior referred to as "post-prandial thermophilic response". This increase of Tc accelerates digestion and possibly brings benefits in the budget of time and energy of snakes. However, the search for thermal sites should result in more favorable costs and risks, especially recently fed into serpents which is capable of locomotion reduced and therefore could make them more vulnerable to predators. As snakes resolve this conflict between the benefits provided by an increase in Tc during the digestion of food and the risks involved with thermoregulation is currently ignored. Thus, the objective of this study was to document the post-prandial thermophilic response of rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, under laboratory conditions, offering or not shelters (burrows) in a thermal gradient. Our results suggest that C. d. terrificus has a circadian variation of Tc with higher temperatures recorded in the late afternoon and early evening. The feed caused an increase in mean body temperature of C. d. terrificus and this increase was primarily due to an increase in minimum temperatures in the early days of digestion. With the availability of shelters, the thermoregulatory behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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49

Wilson, Carolina. "Purificação e caracterização parcial de proteínas presentes no veneno de Bothrops leucurus /." São José do Rio Preto, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94864.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
Banca: Patrick Spencer
Banca: Jose Ramon Beltran Abrego
Resumo: Os venenos de serpentes são constituídos por uma complexa mistura de substâncias que apresentam características e proporções variáveis de acordo com as diferentes espécies, distribuição geográfica dos indivíduos, variação ontogenética e sexual e alimentação. Essa variabilidade na composição dos venenos é de grande interesse na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, pois um elevado grau de variação aumenta o número de seus potenciais usos. De acordo com essas propriedades dos venenos de serpentes, no presente estudo procurou-se comparar algumas variações existentes nas frações do veneno de Bothrops leucurus, uma serpente da família Viperidae que se caracteriza por produzir um veneno com toxicidade variável devido a diferentes fatores. A toxicidade do veneno deve-se principalmente à sua fração proteica, constituída em sua maior parte por proteinases (metalo proteinases e serino proteinases), fosfolipases e L-aminoácido oxidases que apresentam efeitos potenciais no sistema homeostático, além de possuírem ação citotóxica, antimicrobiana e inflamatória. Neste estudo foram realizados ensaios cromatográficos para a purificação de algumas dessas enzimas e a caracterização das mesmas para a verificação de suas propriedades proteolíticas e fibrinogenolíticas, além do potencial antimicrobiano do veneno bruto. Foram purificadas duas metalo proteinases de 28 e 65 kDa, respectivamente, uma serino protease de 35 kDa, uma LAAO de 66 kDa e duas fosfolipases com 14 e 15kDa. Constatou-se que a metalo protease de 65 kDa apresentou a maior atividade fibrinogenolítica. Além disso, foi realizado o teste da mínima concentração inibitória com o veneno bruto para verificar seu efeito antimicrobiano contra uma bactéria gram-negativa e outra gram-positiva, sendo que nesta última, apresentou atividade inibitória
Abstract: The snake's venoms are constituted by a mixture of substances that exhibit character and variable proportion according to different species, geographic distribution of individuals, ontogenetic and sexual and feed variability. That variability on poisons compositions is of great interest on research and development of new drugs, because a high degree of variation increases the number of potential use. According to those properties of snake's poisons in the actual study it was sought to compare some variations existents on fractions of Bothrops leucurus venom, a snake of family Viperidae that is characterized by production of poison with variable toxicity due different factors. The poison toxicity should principally its protein fraction consisting mostly by proteinases (metalloproteinases and serine protease), phospholipases and L-aminoacid oxidases showing potential effects on homeostatic system, beyond having cytotoxic action, bactericidal and inflammatory. This study describe chromatographic separation of some enzymes and characterization of it and to verification of its proteolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties further the bactericidal potential of crude venom. Was purified two metalloproteinases of 28 and 65 kDa respectively, a serine protease of 35 kDa, a LAAO of 66 kDa and two phospholipases of 14 and 15kDa. It was found metalloproteinase of 65 kDa show a higher fibrinogenolytic activity. Futhermore crude venom was carried out the test of minimum inhibitory concentration with crude venom to check its antimicrobial effect against a gram-negative bacterium and other gram-positive, whereas in the latter showed inhibitory effect
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50

Fiorillo, Bruno Ferreto. "Estrutura da comunidade de Serpentes da Região da Fazenda Etá /." São José do Rio Preto, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137942.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques
Banca: Ricardo Janini Sawaya
Banca: Fausto Errito Barbo
Resumo: Os processos que regulam a riqueza e a composição de espécies em diferentes comunidades têm sido cada vez mais abordados em ecologia e, atualmente, graças a um número razoável de estudos sobre a ecologia e história natural de comunidades de serpentes disponíveis na literatura, tornou-se mais fácil formular hipóteses sobre como esses processos moldaram as comunidades desse grupo. No presente estudo a, localidade da Fazenda Etá (24,30264° S, 47,96106° W), localizada no município de Sete Barras, São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, foi amostrada entre abril de 2013 e março de 2014, onde nós realizamos amostragens mensais de 2 semanas, utilizando diferentes metodologias que diferiram fortemente quanto à sua eficiência. Nós encontramos 17 espécies de serpentes (4 famílias, 14 gêneros) em campo e uma na segundo a literatura na área de estudo. As informações obtidas em campo permitiram comparar as diferentes fisionomias quanto à composição, riqueza e abundância e quanto ao uso dos recursos pelas espécies de serpentes. Também comparamos a comunidade da Fazenda Etá com outras comunidades de serpentes da Mata Atlântica, quanto à composição e riqueza de espécies. A comunidade apresentou composição e riqueza típicas das baixadas litorâneas do sudeste do Brasil, com diferenças nas abundâncias relativas entre as diferentes fisionomias. Além da clara influência da cobertura vegetal na diversidade de espécies, as variáveis climáticas, especialmente as temperaturas mínimas, tiveram influência em sua atividade. Analisando as características biológicas das espécies que compõem a comunidade em conjunto, ficou evidente que estas são filogeneticamente conservadas e, como em outras comunidades neotropicais, há uma grande sobreposição na utilização de recursos entre as espécies. A comparação entre as comunidades de serpentes ao longo de toda a Mata...
Abstract: The processes that regulate the richness and species composition in different communities have been increasingly addressed in the last decades and presently, thanks to a reasonable number of studies on ecology and natural history of snake communities available in the literature, it became easier to formulate hypotheses about how these processes shaped the communities of this group. In this study, the Etá Farm (24,30264° S, 47,96106° W), located in the municipality of Sete Barras, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, was sampled frm April 2013 to March 2014, where we performed two-week samplings every month, using different methodologies that differed greatly in efficiency. We found 17 species of snakes in the study area (4 families, 14 genera) and found a record of an additional one in the literature. Based on specimens deposited in scientific collections and records in the literature, seven additional species occur in the region. The information obtained in the field made possible a comparison of the different vegetation types regarding species composition, richness and abundance and of the use of resources by species. We also compared the community of Etá Farm with other snake communities from the Atlantic Forest regarding species composition and richness. The studied community showed the typical composition and richness of snake communities from the coastal lowlands of southeastern Brazil, with differences in the relative abundances in the different vegetation types. Beyond a clear influence of vegetation cover on species richness, climatic variables, especially minimum temperatures, had a marked influence on snake activity. Comparing the biological features of the species that make up the community, it became clear that most of them are phylogenetically conserved and, as observed in other Neotropical communities, there is a great overlap in resource use between species ...
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