Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coatings

Academic literature on the topic 'Coatings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Coatings"

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Dunčková, Lucia, Tatiana Durmeková, and Renáta Adamcová. "Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Hydrophobic Coatings—Experience from Application on Sandstone." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2024): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114541.

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Protecting stone on facades or exterior art works from deterioration is primarily about protecting them from rainwater. Hydrophobic coatings are widely used for this purpose. Here, two factors affecting the long-term efficiency of some coatings applied on stones were investigated: the number of coating layers and the curing time after their application. Tests of water absorption by capillarity, absorption at total immersion in water, and a visual check of the penetration depth have been carried out. The coating’s efficiency coefficient Cef was defined as the ratio of the maximum water absorption of a treated sample to an untreated one. Two commercial silicon-based coatings were applied on the highly porous Hořice sandstone alternatively. Curing times of 2 days vs. 2 weeks, and 2 coating layers vs. 3 layers were compared. The experiments showed that the coating’s efficiency is affected more by the curing time than by the number of applied coating layers. The curing time of 2 days after coating’s application is too short, but 2 weeks proved to be sufficient for both tested coatings. There was no big difference regarding the number of coating layers; two layers seem to be sufficient if a long rain-free curing time can be guaranteed.
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Renner, Peter, Ajinkya Raut, and Hong Liang. "High-Performance Ni-SiC Coatings Fabricated by Flash Heating." Lubricants 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10030042.

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In this research, a novel flash heating coating application technique was utilized to create Ni-SiC coatings on carbon steel substrates with SiC contents much higher than is achievable using certain conventional coating techniques. Hardness profiles showed that the coatings improved the substrate by as much as 121%, without affecting the substrate. Tribotests showed that the wear performance was improved by as much as 4.7× in terms of the wear rate (mm3/N·m) for the same coating when using an Al2O3 counterpart. Pure SiC coatings as a reference were also fabricated. However, the SiC coatings experienced elemental diffusion of Fe from the carbon steel substrate into the coating during fabrication. This occurred due to the increased heat input required for pure SiC to fuse to the substrate compared to the Ni-SiC coatings and resulted in decreased tribological performance. Diffusion of Fe into the coating weakened the coating’s hardness and reduced the resistance to wear. It was concluded that ceramic–metallic composite coatings can successfully be fabricated utilizing this novel flash heating technique to improve the wear resistance of ceramic counterparts.
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Zhang, Dawei, Haiyang Li, Xiaoli Chen, Hongchang Qian, and Xiaogang Li. "Effect of Surface Microstructures on Hydrophobicity and Barrier Property of Anticorrosive Coatings Prepared by Soft Lithography." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/342184.

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Enhancing the hydrophobicity of organic coatings retards their interaction with water and often leads to better protectiveness over metal corrosion. In this study, a soft lithography method was used to prepare epoxy coatings which showed surface microstructures in high replication to sandpapers. The effect of microstructures on coating’s hydrophobicity and barrier property was investigated. Compared to flat coatings, the microstructured coatings showed much higher water contact angles, which further increased with finer sandpapers. Determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the flat coating exhibited a higher anticorrosive performance than the microstructured coatings. With the use of finer sandpaper, the groove size of the corresponding microstructured coating was reduced. And a lower anticorrosive performance was observed since more defects might be formed in a given area of coating during the imprinting process. As the groove size of the coatings was further decreased to 5.7 µm, the microstructures became too small for water to easily penetrate through. Therefore, trapped air acted as an additional barrier and contributed to an increased anticorrosive performance compared to other microstructured coatings.
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Xu, Zhong Ping, Wen Li Han, Ying Ying Zhang, and Bei Bei Xie. "Study on Epoxy Coating which Could Be Applied on High Temperature (70°C) Steel Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 159 (March 2012): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.159.311.

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When common epoxy coatings were applied directly on high temperature (usually about 70°C) steel surface, some defects would occur in coating film, such as bubbles, pinholes, loosen and poor quality flow leveling property, etc. These defects lead to reduction in coating’s adhesion, physical properties and anti-penetrability, shorten service life of coatings greatly, making coating losing their protection function. Main reasons for those defects were analyzed briefly in this paper. In high temperature environment, solvents or other volatile organic compounds (VOC) in coatings will volatilize faster than in normal temperature environment, coating may undergo poor quality flow leveling properties, which couldn’t be fixed by itself. Research and development of a new type epoxy coating were introduced in this paper. Several methods were proposed, including selecting suitable resins, adding high boiling point solvent into coating, using leveling agent and other additives. After these modifications, coating’s construction adaptability was improved and could be applied directly on high temperature steel surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the coating film prepared in high temperature condition have equivalent fine structure with film prepared in normal condition. The physical properties, anti-penetrability and anti-corrosion were also discussed in this paper
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Thunaipragasam, Selvakumaran, Aniket Bhanudas Kolekar, Koli Gajanan Chandrashekhar, Rohit Pandey, Mohammad Shahid, K. Rajesh, P. Ragupathi, Asheesh Kumar, and Balkeshwar Singh. "Investigation of Mechanical Behavior and Surface Characteristics of Cold Spray Metallized B4C/AA7075 Composites Coated by AZ64 Alloy through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2023 (April 20, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7267093.

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Metallized cold-spray coatings were employed to make B4C/AA7075 and aluminum + plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) duplex coatings on AZ64. In addition, the phase structure, mechanical characteristics, wear, and PEO ceramic coatings examine the corrosion resistance. According to the findings, the PEO ceramic coating comprises α-aluminum oxide and γ-aluminum oxide, with some remnants of B4C still being preserved. PEO ceramic coatings outperformed their corresponding CS counterparts regarding mechanical characteristics and wear resistance. For example, the PEO-B4C coating achieved a hardness of 13.8 GPa and an elastic modulus of 185.5 GPa, which were 21.0% and 23.5%, respectively, more significant than the comparable values for the coating with CS. The PEO-B4C coating was 58% and 15.7% less abrasive than the equivalent CS coating due to its lower wear rate of 4.84 × 10−5 mm3/Nm and relatively lower of 0.64. The density of corrosion current in the PEO-treated B4C-AA7075 coating (3.735 × 106 A/cm2) is similar to the corrosion current density in the untreated CS coatings. Finally, compared to untreated CS B4C-AA7075, the coating’s mechanical characteristics and wear resistance are considerably enhanced by the PEO treatment.
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Chen, Xuanyu, Hao Wang, Cancan Liu, Wenqiang Wang, and Bo Chen. "Influence of Additives on the Macroscopic Color and Corrosion Resistance of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings." Materials 17, no. 11 (May 29, 2024): 2621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112621.

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In this study, we successfully employed the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique to create a uniform white ceramic layer on the surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy using K2ZrF6 and Na2WO4 as colorants. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the coatings, and we used an electrochemical workstation to test their corrosion protection properties. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The results showed that K2ZrF6 addition whitened the coating with ZrO2 as the main phase composition, inhibiting Al substrate depletion and enhancing coating corrosion resistance. A small amount of Na2WO4 decreased the coating’s L* value, successfully constructing ceramic coatings with L* (coating brightness) values ranging from 70 to 86, offering broad application prospects for decorative coatings.
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Wang, Zhanying, Ying Ma, and Yushun Wang. "Effect of V2O5 Additive on Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings Fabricated on Magnesium Alloys with Different Loading Voltages." Metals 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091146.

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Effect of V2O5 additive in silicate-containing electrolyte on AZ91D magnesium alloys treated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology under different loading voltages was investigated. The results showed that vanadium was well up-taken into the coating chemically. Moreover, a new phase of MgV2O4 with spinel structure was obtained in MAO coatings due to V2O5 added into the electrolyte. The MgV2O4 phase was responsible for the coatings exhibiting brown color and also was beneficial to improving the anti-corrosion property. In spotting tests, the corrosion resistances of coatings prepared under the high voltage are about 6–9 times higher than those of the low voltage because of the thicker coatings of the former. In potentiodynamic polarization tests, the coatings’ corrosion resistances were improved with the addition of V2O5, which was more significant under the low voltage than that under the high voltage. When the concentration of V2O5 was 0.2 g/L, the corrosion current density of the coating was the lowest, which means that the coating’s corrosion resistance under the low voltage is the best. Hence, it is necessary to carry out targeted design of the coating’s microstructure according to the different applications.
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Shen, Xuehui, Hao Peng, Yunna Xue, Baolin Wang, Guosheng Su, Jian Zhu, and Anhai Li. "Microstructure and Properties of WC/Ni-Based Laser-Clad Coatings with Different WC Content Values." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 6309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186309.

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The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the WC content on the surface characteristics and nanoindentation behaviors of WC/Ni-based composite laser-clad coatings. Four NiCrSiBC coatings with WC wt% of 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, respectively, were clad on carbon steel substrates using a laser. The morphologies and phase compositions of four clad coatings were comparatively observed. In addition, the hardness and elastic modulus values of the four coatings were measured and quantitatively calculated. As a result, with the increase in WC, the coating grains were more refined. Meanwhile, cracks and WC particle breakage occurred in the 50–60% WC coatings, whereas this was not found in the 30–40% WC coatings. When the WC content increased from 40% up to 50%, the coating hardness and elastic modulus significantly increased. However, a further increase in WC from 50% to 60% did not result in considerable improvement in coating quality but considerably worsened the coating’s cracking behavior instead. Therefore, for WC/Ni-based composite coatings, a threshold exists for the WC content, and this value was 50% within the experimental scope of this study.
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Luzin, Vladimir, ANdrew Vackel, Alfredo Valarezo, and Sanjay Sampath. "Neutron Through-Thickness Stress Measurements in Coatings with High Spatial Resolution." Materials Science Forum 905 (August 2017): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.905.165.

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A great variety of techniques are nowadays used to spray coatings with different functionality and properties for the purpose of surface enhancement. Depending on application and design, these can be thermal (plasma or high-velocity oxy-fuel are the most widely used) and warm or cold spraying, which are known to generate considerable residual stresses. This stress is a function of the spaying process as well as the material and thickness of the coating-substrate system. The mechanical integrity of coatings is critical for certain applications, e.g. wear resistant and thermal-barrier coatings, hence residual stress control and mitigation are essential in preventing the coating’s mechanical failure, improving the coating’s performance and the its operational lifetime. Although hole drilling technique or x-ray diffraction combined with layer removal method can be applicable for stress measurements in coatings, the neutron diffraction stress analysis also provides an effective and efficient tool for non-destructive through-thickness stress measurements with a commensurately high resolution, down to 0.1-0.2 mm. The most recent results of neutron diffraction stress measurements in coating systems are presented herein.
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Shu, Xiaoyong, Hao Wang, and Jianping Zhao. "Microstructures and Corrosion Behaviors of Non-Equiatomic Al0.32CrFeTi0.73(Ni1.50−xMox)(x = 0, 0.23) High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared by the High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel Method." Coatings 14, no. 7 (July 20, 2024): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14070907.

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The non-equiatomic Al0.32CrFeTi0.73(Ni1.50−xMox) (x = 0, 0.23) high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) method. The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of the HVOF-prepared coatings were investigated. The corrosion behaviors were characterized by polarization, EIS and Mott-Schottky tests under a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride aqueous solution open to air at room temperature. The Al0.32CrFeTi0.73Ni1.50 coating is a simple BCC single-phase solid solution structure compared with the corresponding poly-phase composite bulk. The structure of the Al0.32CrFeTi0.73Ni1.27Mo0.23 coating, combined with the introduction of the Mo element, means that the (Cr,Mo)-rich sigma phase precipitates out of the BCC solid solution matrix phase, thus forming Cr-depleted regions around the sigma phases. The solid solution of large atomic-size Mo element causes the lattice expansion of the BCC solid solution matrix phase. Micro-hole and micro-crack defects are formed on the surface of both coatings. The growth of both coatings’ passivation films is spontaneous. Both passivation films are stable and Cr2O3-rich, P-type, single-layer structures. The Al0.32CrFeTi0.73Ni1.50 coating has better corrosion resistance and much less pitting susceptibility than the corresponding bulk. The corrosion type of the Mo-free coating is mainly pitting, occurring in the coating’s surface defects. The Al0.32CrFeTi0.73Ni1.27Mo0.23 coating with the introduction of Mo element increases pitting susceptibility and deteriorates corrosion resistance compared with the Mo-free Al0.32CrFeTi0.73Ni1.50 coating. The corrosion type of the Mo-bearing coating is mainly pitting, occurring in the coating’s surface defects and Cr-depleted regions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coatings"

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Mahfoudhi, Marouen. "Numerical optimisation of electron beam physical vapor deposition coatings for arbitrarily shaped surfaces." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2225.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
For the last few decades, methods to improve the engine efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption of jet engines have received increased attention. One of the solutions is to increase the operating temperature in order to increase the exhaust gas temperature, resulting in an increased engine power. However, this approach can be degrading for some engine parts such as turbine blades, which are required to operate in a very hostile environment (at ≈ 90% of their melting point temperature). Thus, an additional treatment must be carried out to protect these parts from corrosion, oxidation and erosion, as well as to maintain the substrate’s mechanical properties which can be modified by the high temperatures to which these parts are exposed. Coating, as the most known protection method, has been used for the last few decades to protect aircraft engine parts. According to Wolfe and Co-workers [1], 75% of all engine components are now coated. The most promising studies show that the thermal barrier coating (TBC) is the best adapted coating system for these high temperature applications. TBC is defined as a fine layer of material (generally ceramic or metallic material or both) directly deposited on the surface of the part In order to create a separation between the substrate and the environment to reduce the effect of the temperature aggression. However, the application of TBCs on surfaces of components presents a challenge in terms of the consistency of the thickness of the layer. This is due to the nature of the processes used to apply these coatings. It has been found that variations in the coating thickness can affect the thermodynamic performance of turbine blades as well as lead to premature damage due to higher thermal gradients in certain sections of the blade. Thus, it is necessary to optimise the thickness distribution of the coating.
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Kashefi, Mehrdad. "PRIME surface coating : a novel method for making thick ceramic coatings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431899.

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Beresnev, V. M., O. V. Sobol’, Олександр Дмитрович Погребняк, Александр Дмитриевич Погребняк, Oleksandr Dmytrovych Pohrebniak, U. S. Nyemchenko, S. S. Grankin, et al. "About Peculiarities of the Influence of the Negative Bias Potential Applied to the Substrate During the Deposition Process on the Structural State and Properties of the Multilayer system MoN-CrN." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42799.

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Applying transition metal nitrides of Mo and Cr, which are characterized by a relatively low heat of formation, as the components of the multilayer coating, the possibilities of elemental and structural engineering of vacuum-arc coatings under the influence of the bias potential Us and the reaction gas pressure PN are revealed. It was found that at a relatively small thickness of the layers of nanometer range, which provides superhard state of the coatings, the supply of Us with the value of above the critical leads to a drop in hardness, which can be explained by mixing of layers at the interphase boundary.
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Sjödin, Isak. "Cool Roof Coatings on Industrial Buildings : An Energy Study of Reflective Coatings." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157503.

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To evaluate the effect of cool roof coatings containing Expancel® thermoplastic microspheres on industrial buildings, a warehouse was built-up in the computer simulation software IDA-ICE. The warehouse was modelled in line with ASHRAE 90.1. 2004 ”Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings”. Four different cases were set up where the coating of the roof was the only variable. Two coatings containing Expancel® microspheres - one white and one red coating were compared to the same white coating without Expancel® microspheres and the ”base case” where there is no coating at all. The same circumstances were also implemented in a practical laboratory test using a model warehouse with a detachable roof. Four interchangeable roofs with different roof coatings constitute the various cases in the laboratory tests. A ”sun” consisting of statically mounted IR light bulbs were constructed, as well as a cooling system to measure the difference in cooling effect (maintaining a constant indoor temperature) between the different cases as a result of the change in insolation. The results of the computational simulations show that for a warehouse placed in Houston, Texas about 50 MWh in combined heating and cooling energy can be saved yearly between the best and the worst case, a reduction of 6.2%. Changing the geographic placement of the warehouse to Tepic, Mexico the corresponding savings were determined to 83 MWh or 13.5%. A way of determining the yearly savings in heating and cooling amount for the warehouse with a generic roof coating, only knowing the SRI value of the coating, was developed. It was determined that for every unit-increment of the SRI value the yearly savings for the warehouse placed in Houston, Texas were 718 kWh and 0.1%. The corresponding savings for the warehouse placed in Tepic, Mexico were determined to be 1252 kWh and 0.22%. The laboratory tests showed that the indoor temperature of the model warehouse decreased by close to 16°C between the best and the worst case.
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OZZELLO, ELENA DANIELA. "UV-cured fouling release acrylic coatings and protective coatings for clay bricks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2716632.

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The topic of this thesis is the protection of surface through UV cured polymeric coatings. In the first part coatings are designed to inhibit the adhesion of microorganisms on different substrate, while in the last chapter the coatings are developed to protect clay bricks from water. Degradation of surfaces caused by biofouling is a common issue in a variety of application, such as naval equipment, food industry and biomedical implants. In clay bricks, in addiction to biodegradation, the water causes other aesthetical and functional degradation phenomena, such as delamination, cracking, efflorescence, patina, black crusts. In this thesis was studied the growth of yeast in presence of different polymeric coatings prepared by UV curing. The approach followed was mainly based on the interfacial interactions between the surfaces and the microorganism. The experimental methods have been designed in order to control the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the surfaces. Interface interactions are governed by a variety of parameters, depending on the characteristic of both the substrate and the microorganism. Surface tension, hydration, wettability, roughness, topographies and elastic modulus and glass transition temperature are influent factors for polymeric materials. The microrganism selected for this works was a yeast isolated from garden soil and identified as Rhodotorula mucillaginosa. Rhodotorula species are ubiquitous, filmogenic, pigment yeasts. They are often called “pink yeast” because of the peculiar pink to orange coloration of the colonies. R. mucillaginosa and its adhesion properties are interesting in different application field. Selective and controlled proliferation of R. mucillaginosa could be useful in soil and wastewater bioremediation and industrial production of carotenoids. On the contrary, in biomedical application the biofilm formation in not desirable. Despite R. mucillaginosa generally is not harmful for human health, it is known as an emergent opportunistic pathogen able to infect immunosuppressed adults and newborns. Another important risk factor in infected patients is the presence of foreign bodies. Despite this, the Biosafety level of R. mucillaginosa is 1, this means that its manipulation in laboratory does not required special precautions. Coatings were prepared by UV-induced crosslinking processes. The UV curing or photopolymerization technique consists in the fast transformation of a liquid mixture of precursors into a solid crosslinked polymeric film. Low energy requirements, room temperature operation and solvent-free systems make UV curing an ecofriendly technology suitable for coatings industries. Monomers selected for the UV-curing process were characterized by acrylic end groups assuring fast and complete polymerization. For the protection of substrate against fouling, different monomers were selected in order to obtain coatings with different surface properties: 1. Hydrophobic monomers, i.e. perfluoropolyether diacrylates 2. Hydrophilic monomers, i.e. polyethilenglycol diacrylates. Hydrophobic coatings were based on perfuoropolyether (PFPE) diacrylic oligomer. It was studied the effect of surface tension, topography and elastic modulus on R. mucillagionosa adhesion and release. In Hydrophilic coatings were compared the effect of alkyl and poly(ethylene oxide) chain. The attention was focused on the effect of different chemical compositions, and thus different surface tension, on the induced morphology of R. mucillaginosa. Properties of acrylic coating have been checked by water absorption, contact angle measurement, profilometry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The interaction between the coatings and the yeast cells were examined through a simple in vitro test and correlated to the material properties of the polymers. The yeast test was designed to monitor the growth of R. mucillaginosa and the potential biofilm formation in presence of acrylic coatings. Biofilm release by a gentle washing was also evaluated. During the test, cell density was measure by UV visible spectroscopy. The growth morphology of the yeast on the coatings surface was observed by optical microscopy and FESEM. In addition, the effect of uncured monomers and the photoinitiator on the microorganism growth was studied. The coatings under investigation showed a different fouling behavior. The interaction between yeast cells and the coating surface appreciably change, mainly driven from the surface tension and the hydration of the materials. Different yeast morphologies were found. In the second part of the thesis are presented two hybrid coating as protective coating for clay bricks: a waterborne polyurethane coating and a perfluorinated (PFPE) coating. Masonry is susceptible from aesthetic and functional deterioration due to atmospheric agents, pollution and microorganism. The most diffuse degradations of facing bricks are lacunas, pulverization, delamination, cracking, presence of efflorescence, patina, black crusts and dissolution and leaching of mortar between brick courses. Water is known as an important factor of degradation; thus, hydrophobic coatings is an effective way to preserve bricks. The main characteristic required to this coating are hinder the liquid water absorption but maintain the water vapor transmission in the substrate. Protective coating for building porous materials are divided in two main categories: film formers and penetrants. The first coating presented in this thesis is a polyurethane based film formers coatings. It was prepared by combining two ecofriendly process: UV-curing of a waterborne diacrylic polyurethane and sol-gel reaction of a Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The perfluorinated coating is penetrants and was obtained by a sol-gel reaction of an α–ω-terminated triethoxysilane PFPE. Hybrid PFPE was obtaind using the sol-gel process in the presence of TEOS. Coated and uncoated facing bricks were compared by scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry, water wettability and capillary rise tests. The hybrid coating acts as a moderate water repellent: interestingly no appreciable alteration of the aesthetical properties of the brick was observed, in particular no gloss and color change appeared after the treatment. Both the proposed coating could be applied on brick in the manufacturing process, or on existing brickwork.
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Bettley, Alison. "Electroplated titanium coatings." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305065.

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Alyamac, Elif. "Self-Stratifying Coatings." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1259474985.

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Chen, Long. "Self-Stratifying Coatings." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1376480287.

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Bunker, Daniel Thomas. "The Influence of drying rate on the pore volume distribution of clay coatings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5783.

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Prall, Katharina. "The Viscoelastic Behavior of Pigmented Latex Coating Films." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PrallK2000.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Coatings"

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H, Stern K., ed. Metallurgical and ceramic protective coatings. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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National Measurement Laboratory (U.S.). Office of Standard Reference Materials. Coatings. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Materials, 1990.

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Jane, Blunt, and Grainger Stan, eds. Engineering coatings: Design and application. 2nd ed. Norwich, NY: William Andrew Publishing, 1998.

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H, Lindsay James, and ASM International, eds. Coatings and coating processes for metals. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1998.

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H, Stern K., ed. Metallurgical and ceramic protective coatings. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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1961-, Zarras Peter, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry, and American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, eds. New developments in coatings technology. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006.

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Wicks, Zeno W. Organic coatings: Science and technology. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999.

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Ulberg, Z. R. Electrophoretic composite coatings. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1992.

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Ulberg, Z. R. Electrophoretic composite coatings. London: Ellis Horwood, 1992.

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Alastair, Marrion, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. The Chemistry and physics of coatings. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coatings"

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Fiedler, Torben, Joachim Rösler, Martin Bäker, Felix Hötte, Christoph von Sethe, Dennis Daub, Matthias Haupt, Oskar J. Haidn, Burkard Esser, and Ali Gülhan. "Mechanical Integrity of Thermal Barrier Coatings: Coating Development and Micromechanics." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 295–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_19.

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Abstract To protect the copper liners of liquid-fuel rocket combustion chambers, a thermal barrier coating can be applied. Previously, a new metallic coating system was developed, consisting of a NiCuCrAl bond-coat and a Rene 80 top-coat, applied with high velocity oxyfuel spray (HVOF). The coatings are tested in laser cycling experiments to develop a detailed failure model, and critical loads for coating failure were defined. In this work, a coating system is designed for a generic engine to demonstrate the benefits of TBCs in rocket engines, and the mechanical loads and possible coating failure are analysed. Finally, the coatings are tested in a hypersonic wind tunnel with surface temperatures of 1350 K and above, where no coating failure was observed. Furthermore, cyclic experiments with a subscale combustion chamber were carried out. With a diffusion heat treatment, no large-scale coating delamination was observed, but the coating cracked vertically due to large cooling-induced stresses. These cracks are inevitable in rocket engines due to the very large thermal-strain differences between hot coating and cooled substrate. It is supposed that the cracks can be tolerated in rocket-engine application.
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Ji, S., H. Gui, G. Guan, M. Zhou, Q. Guo, and M. Y. J. Tan. "Designing Waterborne Protective Coatings Through Manipulating the Nanostructure of Acrylic-Based Nanocomposites." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 113–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_14.

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AbstractWaterborne coatings with intended functionalities have been designed by manipulating acrylic-based nanocomposites with different nanostructures. Taking advantage of the favorable structure of acrylic copolymers, three waterborne coatings with various desired properties were created through molecular engineering either by copolymerizing with other components or through nanocomposite formation. This approach was demonstrated by synthesizing acrylic-based waterborne coatings with three different nanostructures, namely homogeneous, worm-like, and spherical-like nanostructures. The properties of coating samples prepared by this new approach and by traditional physical blending were compared experimentally, which revealed that the incorporation of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS)-modified nanoparticle TiO2 in an acrylic base enabled the formation of a nanocomposite with nanoparticles uniformly distributed in the acrylic base. The coating film with this acrylic-TiO2 nanocomposite showed significantly better UV absorption performance than the coating made by physical blending. The copolymerization of acrylic copolymers with an organic polymer (alkyd) created a worm-like nanostructure of acrylic–alkyd composite that allowed uniform distribution of the acrylic–alkyd nanocomposite in a more closely packed dense coating film, leading to enhanced barrier property and significantly improved corrosion resistance as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray tests. The copolymerization of acrylic monomers with an inorganic polymer (polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS]) led to a spherical-like nanostructure of acrylic–PDMS composite film. The formation of this nanostructure arose from the migration of PDMS segments, and a PDMS-rich phase formed on the film’s surface, which resulted in a coating film with PDMS functionalities such as low dirt-picking behavior. Overall, these three cases demonstrated that acrylic copolymer are an excellent base for developing various nanocomposite waterborne coatings with different functionalities through copolymerization and that the nanocomposites with different nanostructures have a significant influence on the coatings’ performance.
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Wan, Li, Xiang Pan, Lizhen Huang, Baotao Huang, Cai Yang, and Yiming Du. "The Influence of Coating Material and Thickness on the Corrosion Degree of Q345 Steel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 75–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_6.

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AbstractIn order to investigate the anti-corrosion effect of coated steel of steel bridge, Q345 steel plate specimens with three types of coatings, including zinc coating, aluminum coating and zinc-aluminum coating, are produced by the arc spraying technology. In the present study, chlorine corrosion tests are performed to investigate the influence law of different coating material and its thickness on the corrosion degree. Then the calculation results of two corrosion indicators are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the two corrosion indicators reflect the same corrosion law of three kinds of coating steel. The corrosion of all coated specimens is obviously severe in the early stage and gradually gentle in the later stage. It is also found that during the whole corrosion cycle, the corrosion rate of aluminum coating is smaller and change slower than the other two kinds of coatings, whereas the coating thickness of 200 μm of aluminum coating changes significantly. Therefore, aluminum coating is recommended as a priority, and the recommended coating thickness range of which is 100–150 μm.
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Knop, Andre, and Louis A. Pilato. "Coatings." In Phenolic Resins, 244–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02429-4_15.

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Sălăvăstru, Carmen Maria, Letiţia Bucur, Gheorghe Bucur, and George-Sorin Ţiplica. "Coatings." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_62-2.

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Miranda, Thomas J. "Coatings." In Applications of Polymers, 29–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5448-2_5.

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Sălăvăstru, Carmen Maria, Letiţia Bucur, Gheorghe Bucur, and George-Sorin Ţiplica. "Coatings." In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 691–700. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02035-3_62.

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Pranger, Susan. "Coatings." In Old Materials, New Climate, 190–206. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160489-13.

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Sălăvăstru, Carmen Maria, Letiţia Bucur, Gheorghe Bucur, and George-Sorin Ţiplica. "Coatings." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 939–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_62.

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Gialanella, Stefano, and Alessio Malandruccolo. "Coatings." In Aerospace Alloys, 387–438. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24440-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coatings"

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Guenther, Karl H. "Coating Of Plastics - Coatings On Plastic." In 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, edited by Max J. Riedl. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.944471.

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Qin, Feng, Y. Kevin Chou, Dustin Nolen, and Raymond G. Thompson. "Diamond Coatings for Machining: Coating Thickness Effects." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84358.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown diamond films have found applications as a hard coating for cutting tools. Even though the use of conventional diamond coatings seems to be accepted in the cutting tool industry, selections of proper coating thickness for different machining operations have not been often studied. Coating thickness affects the characteristics of diamond coated cutting tools in different perspectives that may mutually impact the tool performance in machining in a complex way. In this study, coating thickness effects on the deposition residual stresses, particularly around a cutting edge, and on coating failure modes were numerically investigated. On the other hand, coating thickness effects on tool surface smoothness and cutting edge radii were experimentally investigated. In addition, machining Al matrix composites using diamond coated tools with varied coating thicknesses was conducted to evaluate the effects on cutting forces, part surface finish and tool wear. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Increasing coating thickness will increase the residual stresses at the coating-substrate interface. (2) On the other hand, increasing coating thickness will generally increase the resistance of coating cracking and delamination. (3) Thicker coatings will result in larger edge radii; however, the extent of the effect on cutting forces also depends upon the machining condition. (4) For the thickness range tested, the life of diamond coated tools increases with the coating thickness because of delay of delaminations.
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Herrmann, R., R. Goetzelmann, and R. Schneider. "Stability of Dielectric Multilayer Coatings Produced by Different Coating Technologies." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1988.thd11.

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Multilayer dielectric filters exhibit a more or less strong shift of their spectral properties when subjected to environmental changes such as changing humidity or temperature. The shift depends on the type of coating materials used and their internal structure. The structure is influenced by the process technology applied for the production of the filters.
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Zhang, Yinyin, Richard R. Chromik, Sylvie Descartes, Edouard Regis, and Phuong Vo. "Fretting Behavior of Cold-Sprayed Cu and Cu-MoS2 Coatings." In ITSC2015, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p0420.

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Abstract Cu and Cu-MoS2 coatings were fabricated by cold gas dynamic spray and the fretting wear performance of the two coatings was compared. A mixture (95 wt.% Cu + 5 wt.% MoS2) was used as feedstock for the composite coating. Coatings were sprayed with identical gas flow conditions on the substrates preheated to approximately 170°C. The cross section of the coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and MoS2 concentration was measured, as well as coating microhardness. Fretting tests were carried out under gross slip conditions in ambient environment. SEM observation on wear scars and counterspheres revealed the development of third bodies, by which the sliding was accommodated. For the Cu-MoS2 coating, solid lubrication effects in the form of friction drops occurred in early cycles (< 5k), but eventually (> 5k) the coating's friction behavior was similar to the pure Cu coating. Third body morphology and wear of the two coatings were distinctly different, which could largely be attributed to the hardness reduction of the Cu-MoS2 composite due to poorly bonded interfaces induced by the effect of MoS2 during particle impact and coating formation.
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Adachi, M., T. Takabatake, A. Ohmori, and M. Kremer. "New Structure of APS Sprayed AI2O3 Coatings Investigated by Cu-Electroplating." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1009.

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Abstract A copper electroplating method revealed that recently developed commercial Al2O3 thermal spray coatings did not have the well-known lamellar structure but instead had a structure that was made up of tightly bonded particles, with many vertical microcracks in the coating. The coating in the study was prepared by the atmospheric plasma spray system. The copper electroplating method was applied to observation of the Al2O3 thermal spray coating structure. Spray coating specimens were electroplated in an aqueous solution containing CuSO4, H2SO4, CuCl2, and additives so that copper was deposited in small pores and narrow cracks in the coatings. Copper in the Al2O3 coatings was observed clearly by scanning electron microscopy, which also revealed the coating’s structure (boundaries of flattened particles and vertical cracks). The coating did not have a lamellar structure (horizontal apertures between flattened particles) and it was dense in spite of the many microcracks.
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Tucker, R. C., and A. A. Ashari. "The Structure Property Relationship of Erosion Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0259.

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Abstract Thermal spray coatings are widely used for erosion resistance, but the relationship between the microstructure of the coatings and their erosion resistance is not well understood. In this paper the performance of several commonly used coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures is reviewed in light of the coatings' structure and compared with a new coating. Two high temperature industrial applications, solid particle erosion in steam turbines and alumina-based erosion have been chosen to illustrate the significance of a coating's structure on its performance.
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Hussmann, Eckart K., Nanning J. Arfsten, Hans-Ulrich Heusler, Peter H. Roehlen, and Hermann J. Piehlke. "Antireflective coatings on very large substrates by the dip coating process." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1988.thd10.

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Ismagilova, R., S. Baldaev, I. Mazilin, L. Baldaev, and M. Fedorova. "Effect of Composition on the Performance of Coatings for the Protection of Metal Surfaces Against Open Flame." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0543.

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Abstract High temperature and fire-proof protection of metal structures issue involves formation of dense insulating coatings which possess low thermal diffusivity and capable to withstand high temperatures caused by open flame and other severe conditions. Such coating should be considered as sacrificial as it slowly decomposes during extreme high temperature impact. Such coatings intend significant extension of time required for heating and development of inelastic deformation in metal-based structures increasing service time in severe conditions. Several modifications of fire-proof coatings composed of organic binders were developed and investigated. Fireproof coatings were subjected to open flame test on an adapted burner rig. Open flame simulation with 1100°C was carried to estimate coating’s protection properties. Investigates coating showed reduction of temperature for 1000°C during 10 minutes. Such results achieved due to spumescent effect of coating’s coke layer.
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Osawa, S., T. Itsukaichi, and R. Ahmed. "Influence of Substrate Properties on the Impact Resistance of WC Cermet Coatings." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0492.

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Abstract This research delivers an integrated performance of generic coating-substrate systems under impact loading, and comprehends the understanding of underpinning failure mechanisms. This investigation thus benchmarks the coating design process for high impact stress applications. Repeated severe impacts to the coatings often result in poor performance by cracking and delamination from the coating-substrate interface. The durability and delamination resistance of coatings depend on the choice of coating and substrate materials, coating deposition process and service conditions. The design of overlay thermal spray coatings thus requires an optimization of these parameters. A thorough understanding of the underpinning failure mechanisms is thus critical for future coating developments. This investigation thus provides an insight to the role coating and substrate properties on the impact resistance of coated materials, and maps the relationship between the impact resistance of WC-Co and WC-CrC-Ni coatings on a variety of substrates. Results indicate that coating’s delamination resistance during impact loading not only depends upon the hardness and roughness of the substrate material, but more importantly, substrates with higher work-hardening coefficient indicate a higher delamination resistance during impact loading.
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Cigula, Tomislav. "Coatings in graphic industry." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p3.

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Contrary to the negative predictions, the graphic arts industry keeps continuing its growth. The modern world is transferring information through digital platforms leading to decrease of the serial publications on paper (newspaper, magazines etc). But on the other hand, packaging industry is increasing its revenue by high numbers. In the same way as for the whole industry, many predicted that paper use will also decrease, as for a long period of time (still partly present) paper was thought of as being killer of trees. Today, along with new findings, paper is becoming more popular with EU Commission banning single use plastics. Paper as a substrate is becoming popular in packaging industry, mainly due to being suitable for both organic and material recycling. However, due to lack of some functional properties, materials are often coated. Coating as a process includes covering of a surface by another substance. The coatings processes are present in various industries and are intended to enhance properties of the base materials. In the graphic industry the coating process is often called varnishing, due to the resins used as a coating material. Varnishing is used to improve rub resistance and provide varnished material with special effects (combination of gloss and matte surfaces). Applicability and functionality of the coatings is achieved using various materials, among which are nano-engineered materials. Results of various researchers show benefits of introducing nanocomposites in the packaging industry by improving prints’ resistance to degradation by UV irradiation, improving barrier to water vapour and enabling packaging surface to inhibit microbes’ growth. To conclude, coatings development and application plays a significant role in the material development, as it can provide common materials with improved properties, as well as enhanced aesthetics. At the same time, application of coatings could present some obstacles in both materials and organic recycling, and for that reason development of coatings should include evaluation of recyclability of the coated product as well as the characterization of coating’s functionality.
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Reports on the topic "Coatings"

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Ruschau. L51887 Compatibility of Repair Coatings Applied to Existing Below Grade Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010209.

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Defects and holidays in mainline coatings necessitate the use of repair coatings for all coated pipelines. This includes both newly coated pipelines just out of the plant as well as existing buried lines in need of small repairs. The repair coating must provide corrosion protection for the steel, lessen the demand on the cathodic protection system, and provide good long-term service. In short, the repair coating must protect the pipe to the same extent as the mainline coating. Two additional requirements for repair coatings are that they adhere not only to the steel but also to the existing mainline coating, and that they be field-applicable under varying ambient conditions. Repair coatings sometimes also have to adhere to non-ideal surfaces, including poorly prepared welds, thermite welds, and flash rusted steel. The compatibility of commercially available repair coatings applied to common mainline pipe coatings was investigated by a laboratory investigation. The mainline coatings investigated were fusion bond epoxy (FBE), coal tar enamel, asphalt enamel, cold-applied polyethylene tape wrap, and extruded polyethylene. Specific combinations ofmainline coatings with different types repair coatings were evaluated for chemical compatibility and adhesion strength in three different scenarios:· As applied to a new pipeline coating, simulating initial repairs made at a coating plant or on a job site prior to installation· As applied to an artificially aged pipeline coating, simulating repairs made to a mainline coating which has been in buried service· After artificially aging a repaired mainline coating, simulating the longer term service of an initial repair made at a coating plant or job site prior to installation.
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Ruschau and Tossey. L52209 Application of Repair Coatings to Wet Surfaces. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010377.

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The field application of pipeline repair and rehabilitation coatings can be greatly dependent upon the ambient conditions on the day of the scheduled repair. In some cases, such as the application of FBE at girth welds, temporary shelters can be built over the girth weld area to protect pipe from the elements. However, for the majority of pipeline applications, coatings must be applied to a pipe surface that is not optimized for coating application. Specifically, pipelines which are in service during the repair coating operation will be at the temperature of the product flowing through them regardless of the ambient temperature. This poses a very large problem when the temperature of the pipeline is below the dew point of the ambient air, because condensation will occur continuously on the pipe surface. The objective of this work was to determine the performance implications of applying pipeline repair coatings to wet or damp surfaces. Six liquid repair coatings were applied to steel substrates with varying degrees of surface wetness. Three coatings were standard epoxies; three were specially formulated for wet surface tolerance. The coatings were tested for cathodic disbondment resistance, mechanical strength, and how each coating interacts with water during curing. FTIR and DSC analysis of each coating when mixed and cured in wet conditions (water added to the mix) showed no evidence of water interacting with the coating and changing the chemical structure or the chemical properties. Thus it was concluded that the wet surface tolerant coatings, while manufacturers may claim that they were formulated to absorb and accommodate water, in reality just have a better ability to displace water than standard repair coatings.
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Miller, Mr Michael J. DTPH56-06-T-000017 In-Field Welding and Coating Protocols. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012117.

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Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and Edison Welding Institute (EWI) created both laboratory and infield girth weld samples to evaluate the effects of weld geometry and hydrogen off-gassing on the performance of protective coatings. Laboratory-made plate welds were used to tightly control geometric differences and in-field welds were created to mimic real-world welding conditions and hydrogen off-gassing rates. These welds were then coated and tested with accelerated corrosion techniques to evaluate the coatings' effectiveness. Simulated girth welds investigated geometric effects on the performance of a liquid-applied coating. Welds were created, coated, and testing in a salt-fog environment to accelerate corrosion. Undercuts up to 0.03 inches were found to have no significant effect on coatings' resistance to corrosion. On the contrary, the undercut tended to add to the coating thickness and therefore increased corrosion resistance. Increasing cap height of a weld was found to thin the coating making it more susceptible to chipping but no more susceptible to corrosion. If applying proper coating procedures, especially surface profiling, the weld geometries investigated here had no strong negative effects on a liquid applied two-part epoxy coating's performance. Since fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings are applied in a different manner, these results cannot be extended from liquid to FBE coatings. If the FBE provides the same wetting of the undercut and similar coating thickness on the cap height one would expect similar results. In-field welds were created to test the effects of hydrogen off-gassing on coating performance. Two different welding mediums were used, one with a high hydrogen content and one with low hydrogen content. These different welds were then held for 2 or 5 hours to vary the amount of time allowed for hydrogen off-gassing and then coated in either FBE or a liquid 2 part epoxy. All other variables were held constant. Cross-sectional analysis of coated 24-inch diameter pipes showed no increase of voids above the welded area, indicating there was little off-gassing in these samples. Cathodic Disbondment Testing, per ASTM G-95, was performed to evaluate the coating's adhesion properties. No detectable adhesion differences were found that could be attributed to the hydrogen off-gassing from the weld, instead, the results were more dependent on the coating thickness. Within the scope/boundary of the completed research, a hold time of two hours is sufficient to minimize any hydrogen off-gassing effects. Within the parameters of the in-field welds and simulated welds, no major detrimental effects were found from hydrogen off-gassing and weld geometries. However, the higher cap-height did make coatings more susceptible to damage when handling. This confirms previous GTI research which indicated that coatings often accrue damage during handling. GTI and EWI, taking into consideration the survey and testing results produced a recommendation to be distributed to various stakeholders in the pipeline industry. The summary document to be disturbed is located in the Recommendation section of this report.
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Author, Unknown. PR-138-162-R02 Degree of Reaction of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012138.

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This document describes a test method for the degree of reaction of fusion-bonded epoxy coatings by direct-current resistivity. This method covers the determination of a transition temperature of cured fusion-bonded epoxy coatings by measurement of the changes in direct-current resistivity of the coating with temperature. Comparison of this temperature with the degree of reaction for that coating material as determined by differential scanning calorimetry will allow the estimation of the degree of reaction of the coating sample being tested.
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Ruschau. L52099 Develop Predictive Accelerated Test Methods for Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011106.

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The objective of this work was to develop predictive accelerated test methodologies for external pipeline coatings, with a focus on FBE. The test method(s) should not only provide an indication of long term performance of the coating system but should also provide a means of ranking competing candidate coatings under the given test conditions based on realistic test methods, and should provide a quantitative system for rating coatings on a pass/fail basis for qualification purposes.
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Barlo, Thomas, and Alan Zdnek. PR-208-004-R01 Cathodic Protection Under Disbonded Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011415.

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The objective of this research was to: - To quantify the relative ability of disbonded pipeline coatings to transmit cathodic-protection current and provide corrosion control to the steel beneath, - To provide a clearer understanding of the current paths that control cathodic protection to the steel under disbonded coatings, - To identify coatings that may be less restrictive to cathodic protection current, - To determine cathodic protection system designs and procedures to maximize the effectiveness of cathodic protection to the steel surface under disbonded coatings. Laboratory experiments were conducted on six, representative, pipeline anticorrosion coatings applied to steel plates with and without intentional disbondments. The six coatings studied were coal-tar enamel, asphalt enamel, coal-tar epoxy, fusion-bond epoxy, coal-tar urethane, and polyethylene tape. The 30-inch-long (76 cm) coated-steel plates were exposed to two electrolytes, a 1,000- and 8,000-ohm-cm soil leachate, and encompassed several conditions; a grit-blasted surface with no holiday in the coating, a mill-scaled surface with no holiday but with a disbondment underneath the coating, and a grit-blasted surface with a disbondment and a holiday of either 1/8" (0.3 cm) or 1" (2.54 cm) width.
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Bruce and Li. L51666 Surface Preparation and Coatings on the Susceptibility of Line Pipe to Stress-Corrosion Cracking. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010315.

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Within the last decade, a number of gas pipeline companies throughout the world have identified the presence of Stress-Corrosion Cracking (SCC) on their pipelines. While the cause of the SCC resulted from a multitude of factors, there appeared to be a commonality relating to pipeline coatings. Although SCC has occurred under polyethylene/PVC tapes and enamel coatings, not a single incident has been recorded where SCC has occurred on a fusion-bonded-epoxy coated line. The three major factors that were thought to account for the difference in the SCC performance of the various coatings were; (1) resistance of a coating to disbonding, (2) the ability to pass current through the coating and thereby protect the disbonded regions and (3) the surface preparation of the line pipe prior to coating application. These factors were addressed in this three-year program for PRCI. This report examines the relationship between coatings and surface preparation and the likelihood of subsequent stress corrosion cracking. Standard Cathodic disbondment tests, measurements of potential gradients beneath disbonded coating, electrochemical measurements of current passages through coatings and actual SCC tests are described and results reported.
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Payer. L51962 Coating Failure Consequences to CP Shielding. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011268.

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The objective of this project was to better understand the failure mechanisms of pipeline coatings, and to determine if the coating damage is conducive to external corrosion or SCC. The focus was on coatings where the failure mechanism and consequence of coating damage are not fully understood. The selected coating system for study was a 3-layer coating comprised of an inner layer of FBE; an intermediate adhesive layer of copolymer polypropylene; and an outer layer of extruded polypropylene.
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Botros, Sterling, and Geerligs. PR-261-103703-R01 Internal Coatings Evaluation for Energy Transmission. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010737.

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Brongers and Beavers. L51656 Shielding Effects on Concrete and Foam External Pipeline Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010109.

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Protection of gas-transmission pipelines from external corrosion is achieved by the application of a good anticorrosion coating and cathodic protection. In very rocky areas, pipeline-construction operations sometimes dictate that an external impact-resistant or barrier material be applied over the pipe to protect the anticorrosion coating from damage during backfilling. The use of a select backfill, such as compacted sand, is often specified, but transportation of the backfill and access to sufficient right-of-way to truck the sand into more remote areas becomes costly. As an alternative, recent practice has been to specify that a barrier coating of concrete or urethane foam be applied over the anticorrosion coating. However, concern has been raised regarding possible shielding of cathodic-protection currents by these external barrier materials. This project investigates the shielding effects of barrier coatings on attempts to maintain CP levels on natural gas pipelines. Investigation included lab experiments with five representative barrier coatings materials carried out to determine the degree to which shielding occurred and the levels of CP needed to overcome this effect when occurring.
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