Journal articles on the topic 'Coating processes'
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1
Freller, H. "Vapour-phase coating processes for hard coatings." Vacuum 45, no. 10-11 (October 1994): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(94)90003-5.
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Wielage, Bernhard, Thomas Lampke, and Thomas Grund. "Thermal Spraying of Wear and Corrosion Resistant Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 384 (June 2008): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.384.75.
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Thermal spraying is one of the most variable and diverse surface coating techniques concerning materials to be processed as well as possible geometries to be coated. The group of thermal spray processes covers a large parameter field to combine nearly each coating with each base material. Thermally sprayed coatings can be applied very evenly and therefore allow to be applied on final-shaped components. Otherwise, if further treatment or finishing is necessary, thermal spray coatings can be processed by grinding or even milling. Masking during the coating process permits the selective coating of specific surface parts or the application of required geometrically structures, e. q. conductor structures. The main application field of thermal spray coatings is the (combined) wear and corrosion protection of selected component parts.
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Bobzin, Kirsten, Wolfgang Wietheger, and Martin Andreas Knoch. "Development of Thermal Spray Processes for Depositing Coatings on Thermoplastics." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 30, no. 1-2 (January 2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01147-x.
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AbstractThermoplastics combine high freedom of design with economical mass production. Metallic coatings on thermoplastics enable power and signal transmission, shield sensitive parts inside of housings and can reduce the temperature in critical areas by functioning as a heat sink. The most used technical thermoplastics are polyamides (PA), while the described use cases are often realized using Cu. Consequently, several studies tried to apply copper coatings on PA substrates via thermal spraying; so far, this combination is only feasible using an interlayer. In this study, a new approach to metallize thermoplastics via thermal spraying based on validated state-of-the-art predictions of the thermoplastics’ material response at relevant temperatures and strain rates is presented. Using these predictions, high velocity wire-arc spraying was selected as coating process. Furthermore, the process parameters were adapted to realize a continuous coating while also roughening the substrate during coating deposition. The resulting Cu coating on PA6 had a sufficiently high coating adhesion for post-treatment by grinding. The adhesion is achieved by in situ roughening during the coating application. The results indicate that different process parameters for initial layer deposition and further coating buildup are required due to the low thermal stability of PA6.
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Bungert, Nicholas, Mirjam Kobler, and Regina Scherließ. "In-Depth Comparison of Dry Particle Coating Processes Used in DPI Particle Engineering." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040580.
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High-shear mixer coatings as well as mechanofusion processes are used in the particle-engineering of dry powder inhalation carrier systems. The aim of coating the carrier particle is usually to decrease carrier–drug adhesion. This study comprises the in-depth comparison of two established dry particle coating options. Both processes were conducted with and without a model additive (magnesium stearate). In doing so, changes in the behaviour of the processed particles can be traced back to either the process or the additive. It can be stated that the coarse model carrier showed no significant changes when processed without additives. By coating the particles with magnesium stearate, the surface energy decreased significantly. This leads to a significant enhancement of the aerodynamic performance of the respective carrier-based blends. Comparing the engineered carriers with each other, the high-shear mixer coating shows significant benefits, namely, lower drug–carrier adhesion and the higher efficiency of the coating process.
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Barimani, Shirin, and Peter Kleinebudde. "Monitoring of tablet coating processes with colored coatings." Talanta 178 (February 2018): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.008.
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Fox-Rabinovitch, Guerman, Goulnara Dosbaeva, Anatoly Kovalev, Iosif Gershman, Kenji Yamamoto, Edinei Locks, Jose Paiva, Egor Konovalov, and Stephen Veldhuis. "Enhancement of Multi-Scale Self-Organization Processes during Inconel DA 718 Machining through the Optimization of TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN Bi-Nano-Multilayer Coating Characteristics." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041329.
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Optimization of the composition of a new generation of bi-nano-multilayered TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based coatings is outlined in this study for the machining of direct aged (DA) Inconel 718 alloy. Three types of TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based bi-nano-multi-layer coatings with varying chemical compositions were investigated: (1) a previous state-of-the-art Ti0.2Al0.55Cr0.2Si0.03Y0.02N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N (coating A); (2) Ti0.2Al0.52Cr0.2Si0.08N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N with increased amount of Si (up to 8 at.%; coating B); (3) a new Ti0.18Al0.55Cr0.17Si0.05Y0.05N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N coating (coating C) with an increased amount of both Si and Y (up to 5 at.% each). The structure of each coating was evaluated by XRD analysis. Micro-mechanical characteristics were investigated using a MicroMaterials NanoTest system and an Anton Paar-RST3 tester. The wear performance of nano-multilayered TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrN-based coatings was evaluated during the finish turning of direct aged (DA) Inconel 718 alloy. The wear patterns were assessed using optical microscopy imaging. The tribological performance was evaluated through (a) a detailed chip characteristic study and (b) XPS studies of the worn surface of the coated cutting tool. The difference in tribological performance was found to correspond with the type and amount of tribo-films formed on the friction surface under operation. Simultaneous formation of various thermal barrier tribo-films, such as sapphire, mullite, and garnet, was observed. The overall amount of beneficial tribo-films was found to be greater in the new Ti0.18Al0.55Cr0.17Si 0.05Y0.05N/Ti0.25Al0.65Cr0.1N nano-bi-multilayer coating (coating C) than in the previous state-of-the-art coatings (A and B). This resulted in over two-fold improvement of this coating’s tool life compared with those of the commercial benchmark AlTiN coating and coating B, as well as a 40% improvement of the tool life of the previous state-of-the-art coating A. Multi-scale self-organization processes were observed: nano-scale tribo-film formation on the cutting tool surface combined with micro-scale generation of strain-induced martensite zones as a result of intensive metal flow during chip formation. Both of these processes are strongly enhanced in the newly developed coating C.
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Kim, Seongyong, Jongsu Lee, Minho Jo, and Changwoo Lee. "Numerical Modeling of Ink Widening and Coating Gap in Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coating of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytic Layer." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122927.
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Slot-die coatings are advantageous when used for coating large-area flexible devices; in particular, the coating width can be controlled and simultaneous multi-layer coatings can be processed. To date, the effects of ink widening and the coating gap on the coating thickness have only been considered in a few studies. To this end, we developed two mathematical models to accurately estimate the coating width and thickness that consider these two effects. We used root mean square deviation (RMSD) to experimentally verify the developed method. When the coating gap was increased, the coating width increased and the coating thickness decreased. Experimental results showed that the estimated performances of the coating width and thickness models were as high as 98.46% and 95.8%, respectively. We think that the developed models can be useful for determining the coating conditions according to the ink properties to coat a functional layer with user-defined widths and thicknesses in both lab- and industrial-scale roll-to-roll slot-die coating processes.
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Cao, Peng, Brian Gabbitas, Asma Salman, De Liang Zhang, and Z. H. Han. "Consolidation of TiAl Powder by Thermal Spray Processes." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.159.
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Thermal spray deposition has been widely used as a coating process for applying thin protective layers to the need-to-protect materials, or substrates. Recent technological developments in thermal spray processing, particularly cold gas spraying (CGS) and supersonic plasma spraying (S-PS), have enabled some emerging applications for making structural components. This paper reports on the results of our recent attempts to obtain thick TiAl coatings using three coating techniques: atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), S-PS and CGS. We successfully achieved a 3 mm thick coating using both APS and S-PS techniques, but failed in cold spray. A significant phase change was observed of the powder particles experienced during both APS and S-PS processes. Nevertheless, a considerable quantity of titanium oxides was observed in the APS coating.
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Xie, De Juan, Zong De Liu, Wei Qiang Hu, and Yong Tian Wang. "An Experimental Study on the Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coatings Prepared by Different Processes." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2137.
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Fe-based amorphous composite coatings were deposited on the surface of ASTM-1020 steel plate by different technologies: arc spraying, laser remelting, TIG remelting (with and without water cooling). The microstructure, phase structure and micro-hardness were characterized by using a combination of SEM, XRD and Vickers hardness tester. It shows that the coating prepared by arc spraying presents typical lamellar structure and poor adherence to the substrate. After the remelting treatment, the coating quality is significantly improved by decreasing structure defects such as cracks and pores; the interface shows the metallurgical bonding. The dendritic crystals could be obtained within all the remelted coatings with different appearances. The microstructures of TIG remelted coatings show much more regular and have obvious orientation, which cannot be seen in laser remelted coating. However, the average grain size of the laser remelted coating is much smaller than that of TIG remelted coatings. The micro-hardness values of all of the deposited coatings are much higher than that of the substrate, and the coating prepared by laser remelting shows the highest hardness.
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Goeke, Sebastian, Tobias Brüggemann, and Dirk Biermann. "Development of Machining Processes for the Use of Multilayer High-Performance Coatings." ISRN Tribology 2013 (December 30, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/750251.
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The development of corrosion- and wear-resistant high-performance coatings is important to improve components of mobile and stationary turbines, aerospace undercarriages, combustion engines, and hydraulic modules. New micro- and nanostructured coating materials and processes to machine these coatings are developed in order to increase the performance of workpieces and components, to enhance durability, and to reduce maintenance and manufacturing costs. At the Institute of Machining Technology (ISF), milling and grinding procedures have been developed for the preparation of the workpiece surface for the subsequent coating process. In contrast to conventional applications, the workpieces are not manufactured with the aim of achieving a minimized resulting surface roughness. Instead of this, a defined and adequate structure has to be generated, providing a good adhesion of the thermal sprayed coating on the workpiece surface. After first coating of the prepared substrates by a High-Velocity-Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) coating process, the resulting surface topography does not have the required surface quality for a subsequent (Diamond Like Carbon) DLC coating process. In order to generate a more uniform surface structure, the deteriorated surface resulting from the HVOF coating process also has to be processed. Therefore, the application of an adapted grinding process with diamond wheels is used.
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Jaimini, Manish, Arpit Jain, Sanjay K. Sharma, and Shailender Mohan. "Solventless coating for Tablets: An alternative to conventional coating technique." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 02 (June 30, 2014): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.2.18.
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There are many ways to coat tablets. Coatings are a very important part in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage form to achieve excellent formulation quality (e.g., color, texture, mouth feel, and taste masking), physical and chemical protection for the drugs in the dosage forms, and modification of drug release characteristics. Most film coatings are applied as aqueous or organic-based polymer solutions. Such film coating brings their own disadvantages. Solventless coatings are alternative technique of coating. Solventless coating technologies can overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the use of solvents (e.g., solvent exposure, solvent disposal, and residual solvent in product) in pharmaceutical coating. Solventless processing reduces the overall cost by eliminating the tedious and expensive processes of solvent disposal/treatment. In addition, it can significantly reduce the processing time due to reduction of step of drying/evaporation. These environment-friendly processes are performed without any heat in most cases (except hot-melt coating) and thus can provide an alternative technology to coat temperature-sensitive drugs. This review includes various solventless coating methods like magnetic assisted impaction coating , hotmelt coating, supercritical fluid spray coating, electrostatic coating, dry powder coating, and photocurable coating that can be used to coat the pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Alshmri, F. "Metallic Coatings: Al-Zn Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.608.
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Steel sheet has one major drawback, it is attacked by moisture at low temperatures and oxygen at high temperatures. Fortunately, coatings can provide protection to steel sheet from corrosion. Aluminum and aluminum zinc coatings can be applied by different methods. These are chemical vapor deposition coating (CVD), slurry coating, vacuum coating, spray coating, cladding, electroplating, electrophoresis, diffusion coatings, cementation, calorizing and hot dipping. This paper aims at providing a survey of these processes.
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Sagalovicha, Olexiy, Viktor Popov, Vladislav Sagalovich, Stanislav Dudnik, and Oleksandr Оlijnyk. "Working Out the Processes of Deposition “MetalMetal“ Multi-Layer Coatings (Cu-Mo, Cu-MoN, Cu-C) and Studying the Tribological Characteristics of Friction Pairs." Journal of Materials and Engineering 1, no. 1 (2023): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.61552/jme.2023.01.004.
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As part of the program to search for new materials with high characteristics according to Avinit vacuum-plasma technologies, based on the complex use of coating methods (CVD + PVD), stimulated by nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma, the technological parameters of applying tightly bonded high-quality multilayer and nano-layer "metalmetal coatings" were worked out: metal PVD coatings of Mo, Cu; multi-layer PVD coatings based on Cu-Mo-N; multi-layer PVD coatings on the basis of (Cu-C) (with different carbon content). Studies of samples with coatings were performed (micro-grinding, coating hardness, determination of surface geometry after coating). The thickness of multilayer coatings is 1...2 microns. with coating hardness of 250-400 kg/mm2. The developed regimes ensure high adhesion and preservation of the hardness of steel DIN 1.2379 within the specified limits. Distortions of the geometry and roughness of the coated surfaces, compared to the condition before the coating, were not detected. Tribological tests of coated samples were carried out. All tested coatings were completely worn out when rubbing steel DIN 1.2379 at very low loads (max up to 300N, then the load did not increase). All coatings had a high coefficient of friction Kfr ≥ 0.15. The use of such coatings in tribocombinations with steel in the form of independent wear-resistant coatings is impractical. They can be considered as soft layers in the development of new structures of antifriction wear-resistant coatings to increase the performance of friction pairs in the "coating-steel" and "coating-coating" tribosystems.
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Gao, Cheng, Jin Yong Xu, Xuan Yi Shi, Ya Juan Liu, Jing Chun Zhang, and Guo Rang Zhang. "Variable Parameter Processes of Micro-Arc Oxidation for Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1273.
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In micro-arc oxidation process, ceramic coating had a rapid growth all along by the way of constant current oxidation, and ceramic coating had a low roughness by the way of constant voltage oxidation. But few research focus on the mixed control process of constant current oxidation and constant voltage oxidation. In this paper we propose a variable parameter process that can combine the advantages of constant current and constant voltage oxidation for the first time. The growth kinetics of different technics was analyzed according to the change law of current and voltage. Surface topographs of ceramic coating were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The friction tests were carried out using a self-made friction tester. The results show that ceramic coating has an upper growth rate and a low roughness by the process of constant current+constant voltage oxidation. The ceramic coating has a high growth rate by process of constant voltage+constant current oxidation. The results of friction test indicate that the wear rate and roughness of ceramic coating are positive correlation at early stage of friction. While the ceramic coatings treated by different technics have the close wear rate at stable friction stage, which embodies the inner layer of ceramic coating has a well antiwear behavior.
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Ibragimov, N. Yu. "THERMAL PROCESSES IN VITRIFIED TUBES OF A HEAT EXCHANGER." Steklo i Keramika, no. 11 (November 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2022.11.pp.025-029.
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A study was made of the heat maximum transfer coefficients and thermal conductivity of glass coatings of heat exchange tubes. A formula is obtained for determining the optimal value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of a glass coating. It has been established that during long-term operation of the apparatus, the heat transfer coefficient of the glass coating of the pipe practically does not depend on the operating time due to the cleanliness of the glass surface. It has been established that during long-term operation of the apparatus, the heat transfer coefficient of the glass coating of the pipe practically does not depend on the operating time due to the cleanliness of the glass surface. At the same time, in brass or copper pipes, over time, a sharp drop in the heat transfer coefficient occurs due to the formation of a durable layer of scale and corrosion products. For this purpose, a formula has been derived for calculating the value maximum of the heat transfer coefficient of coatings.
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Chen, Junwei, Jie Liu, Haobin Wang, Bo Li, Quan Hu, Tianjing Shao, Ruijing Yang, et al. "Experimental Study on Neutral Salt Spray Accelerated Corrosion of Metal Protective Coatings for Power-Transmission and Transformation Equipment." Coatings 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030480.
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At present, the common protection technology of power-transmission and transformation equipment is mainly coating protection and hot-dip zinc protection. However, due to the low adhesion of epoxy zinc-rich coating, and the poor compatibility with top paint, environmental pollution, complex processing, high energy consumption and other defects of the hot-dip zinc process, its development is limited. In view of the above deficiencies, new anti-corrosion coating materials and processes were investigated in this study. Zinc coatings and Al-Zn coatings were prepared on the C45 steel matrix by hot-spraying and cold-spraying processes. The macro appearance, micromorphology and phase composition analysis of the coatings were evaluated. The adhesion of the coating to the substrate after the salt-spray test was tested. The results showed that the hot dip zinc coating and hot spray zinc coating had obvious cracking after the salt-spray test. The surface structure of cold-sprayed Al-Zn coating was relatively dense after the salt-spray test. The critical load of the cold-sprayed Al-Zn coating after the salt-spray test was higher than that of the other two coatings. The corrosion resistance to salt spray of cold-sprayed Al-Zn coating was demonstrated to be better than the hot-dip zinc coating, and thus has great application prospects.
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Gill, B. J., and R. C. Tucker. "Plasma spray coating processes." Materials Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (March 1986): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1986.2.3.207.
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Kim, Junseong, Janghyeok Pyeon, Bong-Gu Kim, Tserendorj Khadaa, Hyeryang Choi, Lu Zhe, Tejesh Dube, et al. "Oxidation Behavior of NiCoCrAlY Coatings Deposited by Vacuum Plasma Spraying and High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel Processes." Coatings 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020319.
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To reduce the formation of detrimental complex oxides, bond coatings in the thermal barrier coatings for gas turbines are typically fabricated using vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) or the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Herein, VPS and HVOF processes were applied using NiCoCrAlY + HfSi-based powder to assess the oxidation behavior of the bond coatings for both coating processes. Each coated sample was subjected to 50 cyclic heat treatments at 950 °C for 23 h and cooling for 1 h at 20 °C with nitrogen gas, and the weight change during the heat treatment was measured to evaluate the oxidation behavior. After the oxidation test, the coating layer was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The VPS coating exhibited faster weight gain than the HVOF coating because the alumina particles generated during the initial formation of the HVOF coating inhibited oxidation and diffusion. The VPS coating formed a dense and thick thermal growth oxide (TGO) layer until the middle of the oxidation test and remained stable until the end of the evaluation. However, the HVOF coating demonstrated rapid weight loss during the final 20 cycles. Alumina within the bond coat suppressed the diffusion of internal elements and prevented the Al from being supplied to the surface. The isolation of the Al accelerated the growth of spinel TGO due to the oxidation of Ni, Co, and Cr near the surface. The as-coated VPS coating showed higher hardness and lower interfacial bonding strength than the HVOF did. Diffusion induced by heat treatment after the furnace cyclic test (FCT) led to a similar internal hardness and bonding strengths in both coating layers. To improve the quality of the HVOF process, the densification of the coating layer, suppression of internal oxide formation, and formation of a dense and uniform alumina layer on the surface must be additionally implemented.
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Sienicki, Jaroslaw, Wojciech Zórawski, Adam Dworak, Piotr Koruba, Piotr Jurewicz, and Jacek Reiner. "Cold spraying and laser cladding as an alternative to electroplating processes." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose cold spraying and laser cladding processes as alternatives to cadmium and chromium electroplating, respectively. There are many substances or chemicals within the coating technology that can be identified as substances of very high concern because of their carcinogenic or mutagenic nature. Cadmium and chromium undoubtedly belong to these items and are the basic constituents of electrolytic coating processes. Finding an alternative and adapting to the existing restrictions of the usage of such hazardous products stands for many to be or not to be in the market. Design/methodology/approach The research work was focused on down selecting the appropriate materials, producing the coating samples, testing their properties and optimizing process parameters by statistical method. On the one hand, the high-pressure cold spray system and spraying of the titanium coating on the landing gear component, and on the other hand, the high-energy laser cladding facility and the wear resistant cobalt-based coating deposited onto the shock absorber piston. Substrates of these two applications were made of the same material, 4330 – high-strength low-carbon steel. Findings Meeting the requirements of Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals implies undertaking research and implementation work to identify alternative processes. The work provides the technical characteristics of new coatings justifying application readiness of the researched processes. Originality/value Taguchi’s design of experiment method was combined with the measurements and analysis of specified coating properties for the optimization of the cold spray process parameters. There is also laser cladding process development presented as a fast rate technology generating coatings with the unique properties.
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Han, Yan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Wenting Zhao. "Effect of Thermochromic and Photochromic Microcapsules on the Surface Coating Properties for Metal Substrates." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111642.
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A coating with thermochromic and photochromic microcapsules can enhance a product’s attractiveness. Different coating processes may affect the performance of coatings. Therefore, the micromorphology, chemical composition, chromatic difference, gloss, hardness, adhesion, impact resistance, roughness, cold liquid resistance, and ultraviolet photooxidation resistance of the surface coating on the metal substrate were assessed by choosing three coating processes. The thermochromic color difference of the coating with photochromic microcapsules in the primer and thermochromic microcapsules in the topcoat changes greatly. When the temperature reached 80 °C, the maximum color difference of the coating was found to be 23.0. The color difference of the coating with the thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was the most obvious, with a color difference of 71.7. The gloss of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the highest, which was found to be 81.7 GU. The coating gloss of thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was found to be 15.6. The mechanical property of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the best—the hardness was found to be 2H, the adhesion was found to be level 1, and the impact resistance was found to be 12.5 kg·cm. The mechanical property of the coating prepared by the other two coating sequences was poor. The coating prepared by the three finishing processes on the metal substrate had sufficient cold liquid resistance, and the gloss of the coating before and after the cold liquid resistance changed slightly. By studying the coating process of thermochromic coating and photochromic coating, a technical reference is provided for creating dual-function intelligent coatings.
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Xia, Dan, Bin Shi Xu, Yao Hui Lv, Yi Jiang, and Cun Long Liu. "Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Base Coatings Obtained by Micro-Plasma Arc Cladding Processes." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1371.
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Microstructure and properties of Ni-base coatings obtained by micro-plasma arc cladding was investigated. A uniform clad coating was obtained after optimizing the cladding parameters by using NiCrBSi powder. Microstructure of the coatings observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated a homogenized microstructure. It has no evident heat-affected zone and no porosity. The phase of the coating was formed by γ-N solid solution, nickel boride Ni3B, carbide Cr21.34Fe1.66C6 and Cr2B3 type chromium boride. Although it likes the laser cladding coatings, micro-plasma coatings has its own characteristic. In addition, the average microhardness and nanohardness of coatings which were much higher than the substrate were observed, and the distribution of the microhardness was drawn.
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Ситников, Александр, Alexandr Sitnikov, Алексей Собачкин, Aleksey Sobachki, Юрий Камышов, and Yuriy Kamyshov. "Design of engineering processes for manufacturing and repair of parts with wear-resistant coatings." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5c486cc46295f0.57582754.
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A computation procedure is developed allowing the definition of inter-operation dimensions and allowances for machining coating applied and also the definition of the route for basic material machining and the substantiation of the parts group formation according to design-technological signs and repair dimensions. In the paper there shown procedures for the computation of coating thickness depending on parts wear. There is developed a circuit to the computation of a coating residual layer. An expression for the computation of coating thickness is obtained. Theoretical dependences and computation procedures are obtained that allows solving the whole problem complex arising at the dimension analysis of engineering processes of manufacturing parts with coatings.
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Saikh, Mahammed Athar Alli. "Coating Processes of Pharmaceutical Applicability: A Glimpse." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i2.5362.
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Presentation of manuscript is aiming to furnish glimpse on coating processes. Coating is process of snugly covering substrate surface with coating materials (CoM). In due course coating process has gradually developed from sugar-coating to non-aqueous film-coating to aqueous film-coating to specialised-coating processes. In second half of past century sugar-coating was first choice for pharmaceutical industry. Lengthy and tedious processing along with issues of skilled-operator inherited to sugar-coating compelled them to spring-up and improve film-coating. From past five decades, volatile organic solvent (VOS) are preferred over water in film-coating. Momentum for using aqueous solvent in film-coating gets accelerated from past few decades. Nowadays these replacing the VOS based film-coating processes as later inherit issues relating toxicity; safety; worker hygiene & safety; environmental pollution; etc. During process of finding novelty of coating another exploited sphere is coating of particulate substrate surfaces with CoM is to confer them worthy functionalities and applications. In this area both wet- & dry-coating process finds applicability thru modifying and/or altering innate properties of substrate, physically and/or chemically. Dry-coating process basically comprises specialised and novel process & technologies. Nowadays there available numerous conventional, specialised, and novel coating processes. Amongst them state-of-art process are hot-melt coating (HMC) process, aqueous film-coating process, aerosolized coating process, Supercell® coating process, gas-/ vapour-phase process, photo curable coating process, electrical-electrostatic deposition process, Resonant acoustic coating process, thermal and mechanical process, thermo-mechanical process, fluidised-bed processes, etc. Herein conventional, specialised, and novel coating processes are briefed, to update professionals.
Keywords: Coating, film-coating, novel, process, specialised.
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Brewer, Alex, Alex Laymon, and John Moore. "Washable Coatings for Packaging Processes." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-tp46.
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Abstract Many packaging processes require the protection of components while another application is conducted. This may include a planarizing coat over large topography while a deposition, bonding, or curing step is completed. Washable coatings are materials that protect the substrate during thermal or mechanical activities and are simply washed away using readily available and green products, such as water or detergent. Washable products are not new, an example includes laser washable coatings that remove debris from the heat activation zone (HAZ) during scribe and break processes. In such cases, thermal resistance is desired as high as possible. The chemistry of washable products includes polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [1]. While these are excellent choices for consumer packaging (e.g. laundry packets, vitamins), they are best used in electronics for room temperature processing due to their cross-linking upon exposure to heat and metals. Alternatively, thermal resistant and washable products (e.g. DaeCoat™ 515) are available that provide protection to ≥300°C without the aid of mechanical tooling [2]. Planarizing coatings over metals can be thick (>300μm) as in cases where solder bump encapsulation is needed during dielectric coating and cure or when another die is thermal compression bonded. This approach has been demonstrated with washable temporary bonding adhesives in protecting C4 bumps while bonding micro-bumped die onto FPGA interposers [3]. Washable adhesives have been created for thermal and vacuum driven processing as EMI/RFI shielding in a PVD tool. Such coatings are applied to porous substrates, affixing die, processing, and removal by water washing [4]. Success in these and related temporary applications depend upon matching the chemistry of the washable coating with the process. Our experience in creating solutions for these and other industry needs will be discussed as well as the criteria for using temporary washable coatings.
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Chkalov, Ruslan V., and Darya G. Chkalova. "High-Precision PCB Topologies Formation by Selective Laser Micromachining." Materials Science Forum 1087 (May 12, 2023): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-d34q47.
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The paper considers possibility of using laser radiation to form and correct printed circuit topology boards through micromachining. Processes arising from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with processed thin-film coatings are considered. The dependence of the effect of a variable sequence of laser pulses on the quality of the formed holes in coating is presented. Experimental data on the selection of optimal exposure modes of femtosecond radiation on a multilayer coating for selective ablation are presented. Femtosecond laser micromachining allows the precision formation of topological contours, regardless of treated coating type, its thermal and electric conductive properties.
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Joseva, J., D. S. Robinson Smart, Chandrasekar Raja, and M. Ramachandran. "Recent Developments in the Field of Thermal Barrier Coatings Solutions for Structural Repair." Journal on Applied and Chemical Physics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jacp/2/1/4.
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The aerospace industry relies heavily on the structural integrity and performance of aircraft to ensure safe and efficient operations. Over time, aircraft structures can experience wear, corrosion or damage due to various factors such as environmental conditions, fatigue or accidents. Structural repairs are necessary to maintain the airworthiness of aircraft and extend their operational life. These brief highlights the importance of coating solutions in structural repair for aerospace. Coatings play an important role in protecting aircraft structures from degradation, preventing further damage and restoring their mechanical properties. In addition, coatings can improve aerodynamic performance, improve fuel efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. The brief discusses the various types of coating solutions used in aeronautical structural repair. These include corrosion-resistant coatings, abrasion-resistant coatings, heat-resistant coatings, and composite bonding systems. Each type of coating serves a specific purpose in mitigating structural damage and restoring the structural integrity of aircraft components. Also, the brief explores the key properties and characteristics of effective coating solutions. These properties include adhesive strength, flexibility, durability, weight considerations, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. Understanding these properties is critical to selecting the appropriate coating solution for specific repair applications. Also summarizes the challenges and considerations associated with coating applications in aerospace structural repair. These challenges include surface preparation, application techniques, curing processes, compatibility with existing coatings and compliance with regulatory requirements. Overcoming these challenges is essential to ensure the successful implementation of coating solutions in structural repair operations. Finally, the abstract discusses emerging trends and developments in aeronautical structural repair coating technologies. These include eco-friendly coatings, self-healing coatings, nano-coatings and smart coatings with sensing capabilities. These developments hold promise for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of structural repair processes in the aerospace industry.
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Sauer, Christopher, Benedict Rothammer, Nicolai Pottin, Marcel Bartz, Benjamin Schleich, and Sandro Wartzack. "Design of Amorphous Carbon Coatings Using Gaussian Processes and Advanced Data Visualization." Lubricants 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10020022.
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In recent years, an increasing number of machine learning applications in tribology and coating design have been reported. Motivated by this, this contribution highlights the use of Gaussian processes for the prediction of the resulting coating characteristics to enhance the design of amorphous carbon coatings. In this regard, by using Gaussian process regression (GPR) models, a visualization of the process map of available coating design is created. The training of the GPR models is based on the experimental results of a centrally composed full factorial 23 experimental design for the deposition of a-C:H coatings on medical UHMWPE. In addition, different supervised machine learning (ML) models, such as Polynomial Regression (PR), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN) are trained. All models are then used to predict the resulting indentation hardness of a complete statistical experimental design using the Box–Behnken design. The results are finally compared, with the GPR being of superior performance. The performance of the overall approach, in terms of quality and quantity of predictions as well as in terms of usage in visualization, is demonstrated using an initial dataset of 10 characterized amorphous carbon coatings on UHMWPE.
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Chizhevskaya, M. V., V. A. Mironova, A. V. Girn, and E. V. Khodenkova. "Chemical Processes in PEO Coatings Formation and Destruction on Titanium Alloy VT-1." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.332.
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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method allows obtaining multifunctional ceramic-like coatings with unique properties. This article examines the relevant problem of the electrolyte effect on the chemical composition of PEO coating. The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy various PEO coatings in corrosive liquids has been studied: 1N sodium hydroxide solution, concentrated sulphuric acid (80%), 1N sulphuric acid solution, concentrated hydrochloric acid (30%), 1N hydrochloric acid solution. Comparative analysis of the VT-1 titanium alloy chemical resistance showed that the most resistant to the effects of corrosive substances were samples with PEO coating formed in a hydrophosphate electrolyte Na2HPO4.
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Zheng, Yan, Qian Jin Mao, Ya Li Wang, Zi Ming Wang, and Su Ping Cui. "Study on the Influence of Painting Processes on the Protective Property of Concrete Coating." Key Engineering Materials 509 (April 2012): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.88.
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With the development of construction project the durability of concrete is becoming more and more prominent, and surface coating is an effective measure to enhance the durability of concrete. Water-based silicone acrylic emulsion coating and water-based fluorocarbon resin coating were chose as prime and topcoat respectively. The impact of the coating’s thickness and viscosity on the durability of concrete and the relationship between the viscosity of the coating and its penetration depth were testified by chloride ion permeability-resistance property of concrete. The results show that thickness is proportional to the protective performance of the coating, and the penetration depth highly depends on viscosity. And the result of coating-4 viscosity method shows that samples with viscosity between 15 and 25 seconds have better chloride permeability resistance.
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Galin, Rashit, Nataliya Shaburova, and Dmitry Zakharyevich. "Features of Technological Processes of Nanogalvanizing." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.803.
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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the technological processes of nanogalvanizing, in terms of composition and microstructure of diffusion zinc coatings, to obtain the necessary corrosion and mechanical properties. Three industrial processes have been considered, it is shown that they give a range of composition profiles and microstructure types for the coating. Based on the results of the analysis, promising areas of technology application are identified.
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Qureshi, J., A. Levy, and B. Wang. "Characterization of coating processes and coatings for steam turbine blades." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 4, no. 6 (November 1986): 2638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.573696.
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Kania, Henryk. "Kinetics of Growth and Structure of Coatings Obtained on Sandelin Steels in the High-Temperature Galvanizing Process." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.127.
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In the paper the author presents the results of tests defining the characteristics of behaviour of Sandelin steel in the high-temperature galvanizing process. The growth kinetics of hot-dip zinc coatings on the substrate of 0.05% Si steel in the temperature range of 540-580°C has been established. The structure of the coatings and their phase composition have been developed and the chemical composition of structural components of the coating has be defined. It has been determined that the coating is composed of a compact layer δ1 and an area of a two-phase mixture of δ1 and Zn. The conducted tests confirmed the presence of phase Γ1 , which does not form a continuous layer but it forms individual precipitates which are irregular in shape. The growth kinetics of the coating indicates that an increase in temperature causes a decrease in the coating thickness, which might prove that dissolving processes prevailed over the processes of diffuse coating growth.
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KIENEL, GERHARD. "PLASMA-ASSISTED VACUUM-COATING PROCESSES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 01 (January 10, 1992): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292000025.
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For the properties of thin films produced in a vacuum the most important variable is the mobility of the particles in the course of condensation, which is dependent on the melting point of the coating material, the substrate temperature and the energy of the particles as they strike the substrate. Because of the generally higher particle energies in plasma-assisted processes, under comparable coating conditions lower substrate temperatures suffice than in the case of conventional evaporative coating. Especially with coating materials having higher melting points, compact films can be produced only if the particle energies are sufficiently high.
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Feng, Tao, Mingde Tong, Shuotian Yao, and Shifeng Wen. "A New Assistant Method for Characterizing Ablation Resistance of ZrC-SiC Dispersive Biphasic Coating on C/C Composites." Coatings 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110735.
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To optimize the ablation resistance of ZrC coating, ZrC-SiC dispersive biphasic coating was prepared by chemical vapor co-deposition. The ablation resistances of the coatings were carried out by oxyacetylene flame tests. Compared with double-layered ZrC/SiC coating, the ablation resistance of ZrC-SiC coating was evaluated. On the basis of similar mass ablation rates of the two coatings, a new assistant method for characterizing the thermal protecting effect of coatings on carbon-carbon composites (C/C) composites was proposed. The thermal protecting ability of the coating was accurately reflected by the changes of hardness and elastic modulus of C/C substrate below the central region of ablated coatings before and after ablation. The ablation processes of two kinds of coatings were also discussed. The results showed that the hardness and elastic modulus of the C/C substrate protected by ZrC-SiC coating were higher than that of C/C coated with ZrC/SiC coating. The result convincingly illustrated the thermal protecting ability of ZrC-SiC coating was much better than that of ZrC/SiC coating, which attributed to the formation of Zr-Si-O glass.
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Wang, Xiu Zhi, Ai Bing Yu, Bin Lin, and Ning Bao. "Effect of Ultrasonic on Properties of Electroplated Diamond Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.390.
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The nickel coatings and electroplated diamond tools were fabricated with ultrasonic and without ultrasonic condition. Hardness and adhesive strength of nickel coatings were tested. Diamond grains on tool substrate were observed with microscope. Al2O3 ceramic was machined with fabricated electroplated diamond tools to compare material removal rate and grinding ratio. Experimental results show that high hardness can be obtained under the effect of ultrasonic during tool fabrication processes. Ultrasonic agitation can make grain dense and guarantee nice contact between substrate and coating. With ultrasonic power of 200W, nickel coating presents highest values of hardness and adhesive strength. High grain density of diamond tool can be obtained. During buildup processes, some buildup time is needed to obtain enough thickness of nickel coating before ultrasonic agitation is applied. Grinding ratios of diamond tool with ultrasonic during buildup processes were better than without ultrasonic. The diamond tool fabricated with ultrasonic agitation presents better cutting ability. During tool fabricating processes, the reasonable application of ultrasonic agitation is very important.
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Xiao, Qian, Jinlong Xia, Xueshan Gao, Wenbin Yang, Daoyun Chen, Haohao Ding, and Yao Wang. "Investigation of the Microstructure and Wear Properties of Conventional Laser Cladding and Ultra-High-Speed Laser Cladding Alloy Coatings for Wheel Materials." Coatings 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050949.
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In this paper, Fe-based and Co-based alloy powders were chosen to perform laser cladding on wheel materials through conventional laser cladding (CLC) and ultra-high-speed laser cladding (UHSLC) processes, respectively. The microstructures, element distribution, phase composition and hardness of the Fe-based alloy and Co-based alloy coating layers using the CLC and UHSLC processes were compared and analysed. The results show that the CLC and UHSLC alloy coatings were dense and free of defects such as pores and cracks. Compared with the CLC alloy coating, the grain size of the UHSLC alloy coating was smaller, the coating composition was close to the powder design composition, and the distribution of Cr within and between the grains was more uniform. The Fe-based coating was mainly composed of (Fe, Ni) and Cr7C3, and the Co-based coating was mainly composed of γ-Co and Cr23C6. It was found that the cooling rate of the CLC alloy coating was smaller than that of the USHLC, and the hardness of the CLC alloy coating was less than that of the USHLC. The average hardness of the UHSLC Fe-based and Co-based alloy coatings was 709 HV and 525 HV, respectively. The average hardness of the CLC Fe-based and Co-based alloy coatings was 615 HV and 493 HV, respectively. The rolling friction and wear tests were carried out with the CLC-treated and UHSLC-treated wheel specimens on the GPM-30 rolling contact fatigue testing machine. The results showed that the wear rate of the UHSLC alloy coating on the wheel specimens was significantly lower than that of the CLC alloy coating on the wheel specimens. The wear rates of the UHSLC Fe-based and Co-based alloy coatings on the wheel specimens were reduced by 40.7% and 73.8%, respectively. It was demonstrated that the wear resistance of the USHLC alloy coatings was better than those of the CLC alloy coatings. The CLC alloy coating exhibited more severe fatigue damage with small cracks. Furthermore, the damage of the UHSLC alloy coating was relatively minor, with slight spalling. The Co-based alloy coating exhibited superior wear properties with the same laser cladding process.
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Vorontsov, Andrey, Andrey Filippov, Nikolay Shamarin, Evgenij Moskvichev, Olga Novitskaya, Evgenii Knyazhev, Yuliya Denisova, Andrei Leonov, and Vladimir Denisov. "In-situ analysis of ZrN/CrN multilayer coatings under heating." Metal Working and Material Science 25, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.2-68-80.
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Introduction. Advanced hard coatings combine different properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosive resistance. At present, layer-by-layer deposited zirconium and chromium nitrides are promising hard coating materials. Currently, the multilayer coating process is not sufficiently described in the literature to understand all the processes involved. The problem is the complexity of depositing thick layers of multilayer, multicomponent coatings with different physical characteristics of the coating components. First and foremost this concerns the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE). Since the coating and operating processes consist in heating, coating components with different CTE will be susceptible to cracking, further failure and product failure over time. The purpose of work is in-situ study of multilayer ZrN/CrN coatings by X-ray analysis using synchrotron radiation and qualitative microstress behavior of multilayer coatings formed by plasma-assisted vacuum-arc method on substrate of alloy VK8 (92% WC–8% Co) under heating up to 750°С. Research methodology. Samples of coatings made of chromium and zirconium nitrides deposited on a substrate of the hard alloy VK8 are investigated. The basic method is the X-ray analysis using synchrotron radiation. We used the most common techniques to study the characteristics of multilayered coatings such as the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and the qualitative measurement of microstresses. Results and discussion. The result is the ability to determine changes in the characteristics of multilayer coatings during heating, such as changes in the crystal lattice parameter of each of the coating components separately, the possibility to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the coating components and the qualitative measurement of microstresses, as well as providing the opportunity, based on the analysis, to form recommendations for further application of the technology of applying multilayer coatings with given characteristics.
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Moore, Bailey, Ebrahim Asadi, and Gladius Lewis. "Deposition Methods for Microstructured and Nanostructured Coatings on Metallic Bone Implants: A Review." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5812907.
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A review of current deposition processes is presented as they relate to osseointegration of metallic bone implants. The objective is to present a comprehensive review of different deposition processes used to apply microstructured and nanostructured osteoconductive coatings on metallic bone implants. Implant surface topography required for optimal osseointegration is presented. Five of the most widely used osteoconductive coating deposition processes are reviewed in terms of their microstructure and nanostructure, usable thickness, and cost, all of which are summarized in tables and charts. Plasma spray techniques offer cost-effective coatings but exhibit deficiencies with regard to osseointegration such as high-density, amorphous coatings. Electrodeposition and aerosol deposition techniques facilitate the development of a controlled-microstructure coating at a similar cost. Nanoscale physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition offer an alternative approach by allowing the coating of a highly structured surface without significantly affecting the microstructure. Various biomedical studies on each deposition process are reviewed along with applicable results. Suggested directions for future research include further optimization of the process-microstructure relation, crystalline plasma spray coatings, and the deposition of discrete coatings by additive manufacturing.
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Cho, T. Y., Youn Kon Joo, Jae Hong Yoon, Wei Fang, Shi Hong Zhang, and Hui Gon Chun. "Improvement of Surface Properties of Magnetic Shaft Material Inconel718 by HVOF Spray Coating of WC-CrCNi Powder." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1098.
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Micron-sized WC-CrCNi powder (WC-metal powder, WC 68%, C 0.56%, Cr 21% Ni 6%) was coated onto magnetic shaft material Inconel718 (In718) surface using HVOF thermal spraying equipment for the improvement of the surface properties of the shaft. During the HVOF coating, metal carbides, such as WC and Cr7C3 decomposed to W2C, metals and free carbon. The free carbon and the excesively sprayed oxygen formed carbon oxide gases and thus produced pores and voids in coating. The optimal coating process (OCP) that produced the lowest coating surface porosity and the highest surface hardness was determined by the Taguchi experimental program of nine processes for four spray parameters with three levels. Coatings with porosity 1.20±0.1% and hardness 1150±60 Hv were prepared using optimal coating processes. The coating was porous, but the hardness was improved approximately three times from 400±10 Hv (In718) to 1150±60 Hv (coating). Friction coefficients (FC) of the coating were lower compared with In718 at both 25°C and 450°C. FC decreased with increasing temperature from 25°C to 450°C for both In718 and the coating. Wear depths of coatings were smaller than those of In718 at both 25°C and 450°C. For the improvement of the surface properties and durability of the magnetic shaft, HVOF WC-CrCNi power coating was recommended.
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Tervala, Outi, and Pentti Järvelä. "Thermoplastic Coating Processes for Plywood." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 38, no. 4 (September 1999): 831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559909351617.
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Ferreira, Andreia A., Francisco J. G. Silva, Arnaldo G. Pinto, and Vitor F. C. Sousa. "Characterization of Thin Chromium Coatings Produced by PVD Sputtering for Optical Applications." Coatings 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020215.
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PVD (physical vapor deposition) and CVD (chemical vapor deposition) have gained greater significance in the last two decades with the mandatory shift from electrodeposition processes to clean deposition processes due to environmental, public safety, and health concerns. Due to the frequent use of coatings in several industrial sectors, the importance of studying the chromium coating processes through PVD–sputtering can be realized, investing in a real alternative to electroplated hexavalent chromium, usually denominated by chromium 6, regularly applied in electrodeposition processes of optical products in the automotive industry. At an early stage, experimental tests were carried out to understand which parameters are most suitable for obtaining chromium coatings with optical properties. To study the coating in a broad way, thickness and roughness analysis of the coatings obtained using SEM and AFM, adhesion analyzes with the scratch-test and transmittance by spectrophotometry were carried out. It was possible to determine that the roughness and transmittance decreased with the increase in the number of layers, the thickness of the coating increased linearly, and the adhesion and resistance to climatic tests remained positive throughout the study. Thus, this study allows for the understanding that thin multilayered Cr coatings can be applied successfully to polymeric substrates regarding optical applications in the automotive industry.
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Krukovsky, P., K. Tadlya, A. Rybnikov, Vladislav Kolarik, and W. Stamm. "MCrAlY Coatings for Gas Turbine Blades Life Time Estimation Based on the Diffusion-Controlled Processes Modelling." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.985.
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Calculational and experimental approach was developed for life time analysis of MCrAlY coatings for industrial gas turbine blades. This approach based on the model that describes the main diffusion and oxidation processes within the coating-base metal system as well as the experimental data for specimens after different short time exposures at different temperatures. In comparison with existing models the proposed model describes interdiffusion zone between coating and base alloy. The models adequacy to physical processes is provided by model parameters identification with short-time experiment data for coating – base alloy systems. The measured Al concentration profiles were used as input values for the model parameters estimation and a calculational prediction of the long term diffusion and oxidation behaviour of the coating was performed. The model, calculational and experimental approach as well as MCrAlY life time estimation results for 10000 h at 950°C are presented. These results were obtained with short time experimental data for Al concentration profiles across the coating thickness measured after 300 and 1000 h. The predicted and measured b-phase content at coating during oxidation for coating thickness 200 micron at 900, 950 and 1000 °C are presented too. The b-phase content disappear at coating was assumed as a corrosion life time criterium.
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Willinger, Max, Martin Felhofer, Erik Reimhult, and Ronald Zirbs. "Method for High-Yield Hydrothermal Growth of Silica Shells on Nanoparticles." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216646.
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Coating processes are commonly used in materials science to protect a core or modify material properties. We describe a hydrothermal coating process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), a widely used precursor for silica coatings, on three representative template materials (carbon nanotubes, silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles) with different properties and shapes. We compare the efficiency of previously published protocols for silica coatings at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with the hydrothermal process at 160 °C and 3 bar. The hydrothermal method achieves higher yields and thicker silica coatings with the same amount of precursor when compared to the conventional way, thus offering higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the hydrothermal coating process yields more homogeneous shells with a higher density, making hydrothermal coating the method of choice when mechanical integrity and low permeability of the coating are required.
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Yan, Xiaoxing, Wenting Zhao, and Xingyu Qian. "Effect of Water-Based Emulsion Core Microcapsules on Aging Resistance and Self-Repairing Properties of Water-Based Coatings on Linden." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 4662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104662.
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The purpose of this paper was to discuss the best coating technology of water-based coatings containing microcapsules, and the anti-aging and self-repairing properties of water-based coatings containing microcapsules. Urea-formaldehyde encapsulated Nippon water-based emulsion microcapsules were prepared, and water-based coatings containing microcapsules were prepared. The optical and mechanical properties of the coatings under different coating technologies were investigated. Under the best coating technology, the aging resistance and self-repairing performance of the coating film were investigated. Experimental results showed that coating technology had no effect on color aberration of the coating film. The coating technology with two coats of primer, three coats of topcoat, addition of microcapsules into primer, had excellent glossiness, shock resistance of 12.0 kg·cm, adhesion of 0 grade, and fracture elongation of 26.3%. Compared with the coating film without microcapsules, the coating with microcapsules had better aging resistance and self-repairing property, and the self-repairing rate was about 20.0%. Compared with the paint film with Dulux water-based emulsion microcapsules, the paint film with Nippon water-based emulsion microcapsules had a higher self-repairing rate. This study provides a technical basis for self-repairing water-based coatings.
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Zou, Lu, and Pierre Descamps. "Method to Predict Performances of PCB Silicone Conformal Coating under Thermal Aging." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 11268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111268.
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The stability of print circuit board (PCB) conformal coating is critical to guarantee the long-term performance of electronic components on PCB boards. Coating exposure to thermal shock or temperature cycles may initiate cracks, a common failure mechanism of conformal coatings. Different simplified approaches are compared to help identify desired mechanical profiles for coatings to be used in a harsh environment, focusing on silicone characterized by low rigidity and high deformability compared to alternative chemistries. Evaluation of the bi-material strip bending test method appears not to be effective in the conformal coating selection. The large difference between the coating’s elastic modulus of silicones compared to substrate modulus allows the use of a simplified formula to calculate the stress associated with the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, the silicone accommodating displacement imposed by thermal changes. Both lateral tensile stress and local shear stress near the edge are estimated, with local shear stress decreasing quickly and moving apart from the edge with the stress relaxation preventing coating delamination. Predictions of simplified models agree with both results of grid-independent finite element analysis (FEA) models and observations of test pieces submitted to temperature cycles. This demonstrates the ability to use simplified models to predict coating’s performances under thermal aging and help in product selection depending on the working environment.
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Titu, Aurel Mihail, Sandor Ravai-Nagy, and Alina Bianca Pop. "Research on the Influence of Coating Technologies on Adhesion Anti-Corrosion Layers in the Case of Al7175 Aluminum Alloy." Coatings 13, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061054.
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A key element in ensuring the service life and strength of aluminum alloys in many industrial applications is the adhesion of anti-corrosion coatings. The aim of this study is to analyze how coating processes affect the adhesion of anti-corrosion coatings on aluminum alloy 7175. In other words, the influence of the nature of the elementary layers that form the anti-corrosion coating was studied for the following: the anodic layer, the primer, and the topcoat. To learn more about the different coating technologies and how they affect adhesion, a thorough literature review was carried out. In addition, a case study using electrocoating and thermal spraying was conducted to show the impact of coating processes on adhesion. The results showed that electrodeposition, as opposed to thermal spraying, improved the adhesion of anti-corrosion coatings. In the case of the aluminum alloy analyzed, there is a significant difference in terms of the adhesion strength of the anti-corrosion coatings. This resistance is influenced by both the anodic coating (BSA TSA SAA) and the type of primer and topcoat used (water-based or solvent-based). The correct choice of anode coat and primer and topcoat can lead to an increase (or decrease) in the adhesion strength of the paint coat by 20%. In conclusion, this study highlights how crucial it is to select the best coating process to maximize the adhesion and durability of aluminum alloys under corrosion conditions.
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Chen, Z. X., F. H. Yuan, Shi Jie Zhu, and Zhong Guang Wang. "Oxidation Behavior and Residual Stress in Thermally Grown Oxides of Detonation and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Sprayed NiCrAlY Coatings." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1707.
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NiCrAlY coatings were prepared by the detonation spraying (DS) and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying processes, respectively. The DS NiCrAlY coating has higher oxidation rate than the HVOF NiCrAlY coating at 1100 oC due to its rougher surface and more mixed oxides. The residual compressive stress in thermally grown oxides (TGO) on the DS NiCrAlY coating is higher than that on the HVOF coating because the θ-Al2O3 to? α-Al2O3 transformation causes the tensile stress in the TGO on the HVOF coating.
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Lukauskaitė, Raimonda, Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis, and Olegas Černašėjus. "Investigation of Cathodic Cleaning Processes of Aluminum Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.684.
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On covering aluminum and its alloys with coatings resistant to high-temperature corrosion and attrition, abundant technological problems arise. The key problem is a removal of the film of aluminum oxide Аl2O3 from the aluminum substrate. This permanent, chemically continuous film of oxide reduces adhesion between the substrate and the coating. For improving cohesion of the coating with the substrate, an appropriate pre-treatment of aluminum is required. In the paper, cleaning of aluminum alloy AW 5754 by electric discharge is investigated. This method is considered one of most environmentally friendly methods of surface cleaning. The impact of the parameters of aluminum alloy cathodic cleaning on the surface cleaning width, its roughness and free energy of the surface were examined. In addition, the topography, microstructure and chemical composition of the surface of cleaned aluminum alloy were estimated.
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Mehta, Amrinder, Hitesh Vasudev, Sharanjit Singh, Chander Prakash, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Emanoil Linul, Dharam Buddhi, and Jinyang Xu. "Processing and Advancements in the Development of Thermal Barrier Coatings: A Review." Coatings 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091318.
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Thermal barrier coating is critical for thermal insulation technology, making the underlying base metal capable of operating at a melting temperature of 1150 °C. By increasing the temperature of incoming gases, engineers can improve the thermal and mechanical performance of gas turbine blades and the piston cylinder arrangement. Recent developments in the field of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have made this material suitable for use in a variety of fields, including the aerospace and diesel engine industries. Changes in the turbine blade microstructure brought on by its operating environment determine how long and reliable it will be. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-layer, composite and functionally graded coatings depends heavily on the deposition procedures used to create them. This research aims to clarify the connection between workplace conditions, coating morphology and application methods. This article presents a high-level overview of the many coating processes and design procedures employed for TBCs to enhance the coating’s surface quality. To that end, this review is primarily concerned with the cultivation, processing and characteristics of engineered TBCs that have aided in the creation of specialized coatings for use in industrial settings.
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Steblyanko, V. L., A. P. Ponomarev, and Y. Y. Efimova. "Features of Plasma-Electrolytic Coatings Formation on Metalware Surface." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.969.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the principal advantages of plasma-electrolytic coating method that characterize it as a highly promising technology. It is shown that these advantages are provided by the integrated nature of the effect, representing a combination of the main types of impacts on a surface: electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical. This combination distinguishes the method of plasma-electrolytic treatment from many other widespread in up-to-date technology combinations composed generally of two types of impacts. It is suggested that the process of plasma-electrolytic coating is carried out by the mechanism of metal pressure welding that is confirmed by the results of tests for determining quality ratings of coatings. It is shown the thermodynamic and kinetic unity of these processes that allows plasma-electrolytic coating to be put in class of metal pressure welding processes and to consider the processes of coating by plasma-electrolytic method and pressure welding from a common methodological framework. The paper presents the results of the structure and composition studies of zinc plasma-electrolytic coatings on a strip for armoring cables of group A (GOST 3559-75). The researches were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, microroentgenspectral analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.