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Academic literature on the topic 'CoastWalk'
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Journal articles on the topic "CoastWalk"
1
Wintle, Heather. "‘Everything depends on reaching the coast’: intergenerational coastward journeys in contemporary post-apocalyptic cinema." Continuum 27, no. 5 (August 29, 2013): 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2013.824863.
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Soderholm, Joshua S., Hamish A. McGowan, Harald Richter, Kevin Walsh, Tony Wedd, and Tammy M. Weckwerth. "Diurnal Preconditioning of Subtropical Coastal Convective Storm Environments." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 9 (September 2017): 3839–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0330.1.
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Boundary layer evolution in response to diurnal forcing is manifested at the mesobeta and smaller scales of the atmosphere. Because this variability resides on subsynoptic scales, the potential influence upon convective storm environments is often not captured in coarse observational and modeling datasets, particularly for complex physical settings such as coastal regions. A detailed observational analysis of diurnally forced preconditioning for convective storm environments of South East Queensland, Australia (SEQ), during the Coastal Convective Interactions Experiment (2013–15) is presented. The observations used include surface-based measurements, aerological soundings, and dual-polarization Doppler radar. The sea-breeze circulation was found to be the dominant influence; however, profile modification by the coastward advection of the continental boundary layer was found to be an essential mechanism for favorable preconditioning of deep convection. This includes 1) enhanced moisture in the city of Brisbane, potentiality due to an urban heat island–enhanced land–sea thermal contrast, 2) significant afternoon warming and moistening above the sea breeze resulting from the advection of the inland convective boundary layer coastward under prevailing westerly flow coupled with the sea-breeze return flow, and 3) substantial variations in near-surface moisture likely associated with topography and land use. For the 27 November 2014 Brisbane hailstorm, which caused damages exceeding $1.5 billion Australian dollars (AUD), the three introduced diurnal preconditioning processes are shown to favor a mesoscale convective environment supportive of large hailstone growth. The hybrid high-precipitation supercell storm mode noted for this event and previous similar events in SEQ is hypothesized to be more sensitive to variations in near-surface and boundary layer instability in contrast to contemporary supercell storms.
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Kovalevsky, Dmitry V., Dimitri Volchenkov, and Jürgen Scheffran. "Cities on the Coast and Patterns of Movement between Population Growth and Diffusion." Entropy 23, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081041.
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Sea level rise and high-impact coastal hazards due to on-going and projected climate change dramatically affect many coastal urban areas worldwide, including those with the highest urbanization growth rates. To develop tailored coastal climate services that can inform decision makers on climate adaptation in coastal cities, a better understanding and modeling of multifaceted urban dynamics is important. We develop a coastal urban model family, where the population growth and urbanization rates are modeled in the framework of diffusion over the half-bounded and bounded domains, and apply the maximum entropy principle to the latter case. Population density distributions are derived analytically whenever possible. Steady-state wave solutions balancing the width of inhabited coastal zones, with the skewed distributions maximizing population entropy, might be responsible for the coastward migrations outstripping the demographic development of the hinterland. With appropriate modifications of boundary conditions, the developed family of diffusion models can describe coastal urban dynamics affected by climate change.
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Jury, Mark R. "Coastal gradients in False Bay, south of Cape Town: what insights can be gained from mesoscale reanalysis?" Ocean Science 16, no. 6 (December 18, 2020): 1545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1545-2020.
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Abstract. Mesoscale datasets are used to study coastal gradients in the marine climate and oceanography in False Bay, south of Cape Town. Building on past work, satellite and ocean–atmosphere reanalyses are used to gain new insights into the mean structure, circulation and meteorological features. HYCOM v3 hindcasts represent a coastward reduction of mixing that enhances stratification and productivity inshore. The mean summer currents are westward 0.4 m s−1 along the shelf edge and weakly clockwise within False Bay. The marine climate is dominated by southeasterly winds that accelerate over the mountains south of Cape Town and fan out producing dry weather. Virtual buoy time series in December 2012–February 2013 exhibit weather-pulsed upwelling in early summer interspersed with quiescent spells in late summer. Intercomparisons between model, satellite and station data build confidence that coupled reanalyses yield opportunities to study air–sea interactions in coastal zones with complex topography. The 0.083∘ HYCOM reanalysis has 16 data points in False Bay, just adequate to resolve the coastal gradient and its impacts on ocean productivity.
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Jackson, Thomas, Heather A. Bouman, Shubha Sathyendranath, and Emmanuel Devred. "Regional-scale changes in diatom distribution in the Humboldt upwelling system as revealed by remote sensing: implications for fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 4 (December 22, 2010): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq181.
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Abstract Jackson, T., Bouman, H. A., Sathyendranath, S., and Devred, E. 2011. Regional-scale changes in diatom distribution in the Humboldt upwelling system as revealed by remote sensing: implications for fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 729–736. A diatom-detection algorithm was parametrized for the Humboldt upwelling system using local cruise data that were first validated, then used to create monthly composites of diatom distribution from 0 to 40°S and 90 to 70°W for both normal and El Niño conditions. There was a 50% reduction in the areal extent of diatom-dominated waters during the peak of the 1997 El Niño. The extent of the coastward contraction in the diatom-dominated area varied along the South American coastline. These regional shifts in phyto- and zooplankton communities would have increased food stress on local anchovy (Engraulis ringens) populations and could have contributed to diminished larval survival and landings the following year. A region of strong upwelling over the wide Peruvian continental shelf around 15°S was the only area that maintained a strong diatom population throughout the El Niño; the area may require special protection from fishing pressure in years following an El Niño event.
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Bacheler, Nathan M., Jeffrey A. Buckel, and Lee M. Paramore. "Density-dependent habitat use and growth of an estuarine fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 11 (November 2012): 1734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-098.
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Density dependence can stabilize or destabilize population size through negative or positive feedback controls operating over different spatial and temporal scales. While many species have been shown to exhibit density dependence, the topic has received little attention in estuaries where environmental variability and larval supply are often considered to be the primary drivers of population dynamics. We used multiple long-term, fishery-independent data sets and a unique modeling approach to test the hypothesis that juvenile red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ) exhibit density-dependent habitat use and growth rates in estuaries in North Carolina, USA. Age-1 red drum exhibited density-dependent habitat use after accounting for environmental and landscape variables, disproportionately increasing northward and coastward in the study area at high abundance. Apparent individual growth rates of age-0 and age-1 red drum were generally negatively related to the abundance of their own age classes, but evidence of density-dependent growth rates for age-2 red drum was weak to nonexistent. Changes in spatial distribution of red drum when overall abundance was high did not overcome density-dependent effects on individual growth rates. Thus, density-dependent effects have potential negative feedbacks on population growth in estuaries and should not be ignored in future theoretical or empirical estuarine studies.
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Matsumura, Yoshimasa, and Hiroyasu Hasumi. "Dynamics of Cross-Isobath Dense Water Transport Induced by Slope Topography." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-10-05014.1.
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Abstract Dynamics of cross-isobath downslope transport of a dense water mass induced by small-scale topographic variation is investigated based on a high-resolution numerical experiment with realistic settings, a simplified analytical model for water particle advection, and idealized sensitivity experiments. The existence of a submarine ridge induces two different processes for cross-isobath downslope transport of dense water: a strong but narrow and thin downslope current at the east side of the ridge and cyclonic eddies with dense water cores to the west of the ridge. The former downslope current is produced in response to the rapid increase of slope angle near the ridge. The latter eddies are formed by stretching of the dense water layer near the crest, where isobath curvature is so high that offshore centrifugal force overcomes the coastward Coriolis force. From a simple analysis on the equation of motion for a fluid particle placed on a slope with curved isobaths, a general criterion that describes whether a density current follows or crosses isobaths is derived, which is supported by idealized sensitivity experiments. The location where cross-isobath transport of dense water takes place is determined by relative magnitude between spatial derivatives of isobath curvature, planetary vorticity, and slope angle. Based on these arguments, a parameterization is proposed to represent the effect of unresolved small-scale topography in coarse-resolution models.
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Andrews, J. T., Gudrun Helgadottir, Aslaug Geirsdottir, and Anne E. Jennings. "Multicentury-Scale Records of Carbonate (Hydrographic?) Variability on the Northern Iceland Margin over the Last 5000 Years." Quaternary Research 56, no. 2 (September 2001): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2253.
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AbstractThe waters off northern Iceland are subjected to extreme hydrographic variability on annual to decadal timescales. In years when cold low-salinity water moves coastward and sea ice is prevalent (i.e., the late 1960s), marine productivity of surface waters is low because the water column is well stratified. In the opposite oceanographic mode, warm, salty Atlantic Water dominates the shelf and vertical mixing results in high productivity. We track these two contrasting modes by measuring the carbonate content of marine sediments, a proxy for productivity, in three cores from northern Iceland. The fjord record (B997-328PC) is anchored by eleven 14C AMS dates and has a resolution of one sample every 50 yr. Thirteen oscillations occurred over the last 4800 cal yr with an average length of 370 yr; these are superimposed on a long-term decrease in net carbonate accumulation. The Little Ice Age is marked by the largest decrease in carbonate content and in flux, with smaller minima at 2300 and 3000 cal yr B.P. Marked peaks in carbonate (optima) occurred at 2000 and 3800 cal yr B.P. The carbonate record from B997-328PC can be correlated with records on the inner shelf (B997-330PC) and midshelf (B997-327PC), indicating that significant regional changes in oceanography occurred at the southern margin of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea. The marine carbonate fluctuations closely track temperature reconstructions from the Greenland Summit site for the last 2000 cal yr and show similar, but slightly offset, oscillations between 2000 and ca. 4800 cal yr B.P.
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Kennedy, Casey D., and David P. Genereux. "14C Groundwater Age and the Importance of Chemical Fluxes Across Aquifer Boundaries in Confined Cretaceous Aquifers of North Carolina, USA." Radiocarbon 49, no. 3 (2007): 1181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043101.
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Radiocarbon activity, He concentrations, and other geochemical parameters were measured in groundwater from the confined Black Creek (BC) and Upper Cape Fear (UCF) aquifers in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina.14C ages adjusted for geochemical and diffusion effects ranged from 400 to 21,900 BP in the BC, and 13,400 to 26,000 BP in the underlying UCF; ages increased coastward in both aquifers. Long-term average linear groundwater velocity is about 2.5 m/yr for the BC, and somewhat larger for the UCF. Aquifer-aquitard exchange is an important influence on the DIC concentration,14C activity, and estimated age of aquifer groundwater. Accounting for this exchange in14C age calculations places the groundwater samples with the lowest estimated recharge temperatures nearest in time to the last glacial maximum. Traditional geochemical correction models that do not account for aquifer-aquitard exchange significantly overestimate groundwater age. He concentration in groundwater varies with both age and stratigraphic position. Dissolved He data provide strong evidence of upward vertical He transport through the study aquifers; data from the UCF are broadly consistent with the pattern expected for a confined aquifer receiving a concentrated, localized He flux from below (based on a previously published model for this situation), in this case most likely from crystalline bedrock. He has potential as an indicator of groundwater age in the study aquifers, if interpreted within an appropriate analytical framework that includes the observed strong vertical transport. δ18O in the oldest groundwater is enriched (relative to modern groundwater) by 1 to 1.2‰, the opposite of the δ18O depletion found in many old groundwaters but consistent with the enrichment found in groundwater in this age range in Georgia and Florida.
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Grodsky, Semyon, Douglas Vandemark, and Hui Feng. "Assessing Coastal SMAP Surface Salinity Accuracy and Its Application to Monitoring Gulf of Maine Circulation Dynamics." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081232.
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Monitoring the cold and productive waters of the Gulf of Maine and their interactions with the nearby northwestern (NW) Atlantic shelf is important but challenging. Although remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), ocean color, and sea level have become routine, much of the water exchange physics is reflected in salinity fields. The recent invention of satellite salinity sensors, including the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer, opens new prospects in regional shelf studies. However, local sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval is challenging due to both cold SST limiting salinity sensor sensitivity and proximity to land. For the NW Atlantic, our analysis shows that SMAP SSS is subject to an SST-dependent bias that is negative and amplifies in winter and early spring due to the SST-related drop in SMAP sensor sensitivity. On top of that, SMAP SSS is subject to a land contamination bias. The latter bias becomes noticeable and negative when the antenna land contamination factor (LC) exceeds 0.2%, and attains maximum negative values at LC = 0.4%. Coastward of LC = 0.5%, a significant positive land contamination bias in absolute SMAP SSS is evident. SST and land contamination bias components are seasonally dependent due to seasonal changes in SST/winds and terrestrial microwave properties. Fortunately, it is shown that SSS anomalies computed relative to a satellite SSS climatology can effectively remove such seasonal biases along with the real seasonal cycle. SMAP monthly SSS anomalies have sufficient accuracy and applicability to extend nearer to the coasts. They are used to examine the Gulf of Maine water inflow, which displayed important water intrusions in between Georges Banks and Nova Scotia in the winters of 2016/17 and 2017/18. Water intrusion patterns observed by SMAP are generally consistent with independent measurements from the European Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. Circulation dynamics related to the 2016/2017 period and enhanced wind-driven Scotian Shelf transport into the Gulf of Maine are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CoastWalk"
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Phillips, Jocelyn Katrina, and n/a. "CoastWalk : a case study of environmental education in the community." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.150337.
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Walks organised at the community or 'grass roots' level both in Australia and
internationally have been organised as a means to highlight environmental and social
issues to the wider community.
This thesis focuses on a coastal walk from Melbourne to Sydney during November 1993
to March 1994 called CoastWalk which was organised as part of the Australian Conservation Foundation's 'Coasts in Crisis' campaign. The Walk aimed to highlight
environmental management problems specific to the coastal zone at both local and national
levels using mass media, information evenings and targeting groups within local
communities.
Using a case study approach to the methodology, combined with principles from both
social (interpretive) and empirical methods, this study involved determining the impact of
CoastWalk, i.e. whether it changed individuals at the levels of awareness, understanding
or action. The scope of the study does not include a detailed analysis of the communities
themselves, nor does it explore the psychological aspects of individual and social change.
It was found that the mass media aspect of the CoastWalk campaign created a short term
awareness of the need to have concern for coastal management issues in those who did
not participate in the Walk. For those who did participate, the impact was deeper and
profound, changing individuals understanding and actions towards coastal management
and translating into other areas of their lives. The impact of the Walk on local community
groups who supported the Walk was negligible and it was determined that CoastWalk did
not meet their needs.
Community involvement in environmental management or campaigning equates to long
term ownership and responsibility being taken for those issues. However, neither
community nor government intervention in environmental management alone can resolve
these issues successfully. This thesis argues that a combined approach from both
community and government organisations is required - but as exemplified by CoastWalk,
the success of this approach requires equality in communication and co-operation.
As other environmental awareness walks have occurred, it is evident that they are
perceived as worthy events by the community, and that there is potential for them to occur
again in the future. It is therefore essential for an evaluation to occur of the techniques
used to achieve their environmental education aims. Thus, the learning from previous
Walks can be built into future Walks enhancing their success.
Books on the topic "CoastWalk"
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McCloy, A. Coastwalk: Walking the Coastline of England and Wales. London, UK: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996.
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Straus, Doris. Coastwalker: Collected verse, 1984-1995. 2nd ed. Pacifica, Calif: Nystrom Pub., 1999.
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McCloy, Andrew. Coastwalk. Coronet Books, 1997.
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