Journal articles: 'Coasts in Crisis'

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Makowski, Christopher. "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge." Journal of Coastal Research 336 (November 2017): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-17a-00007.1.

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Patsch, Kiki. "A Review of Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge." Coastal Management 46, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2018.1426378.

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Past, Elena. "Itinerant Ecocriticism, Southern Thought, and Italian Cinema on Foot." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 11, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3501.

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This short essay explores an impulse guiding Italian ecocriticism, and also a recurrent trend in Italian cinema: that of thinking on foot. Drawing on the work of sociologist and philosopher Franco Cassano, I consider why contemporary philosophers seek to understand Italy at a pace that works strategically (sometimes defiantly) against petroleum-fueled speed. Brief examples from three recent Italian films that proceed on foot (Basilicata Coast to Coast [2010], La lunga strada gialla [2016], and Il cammino dell’Appia antica [2016]) attempt to reanimate southern Italian landscapes as “vehicles of identity, solidarity, and development” (Cassano xxxvi). Each film represents a socio-political project enabled by its walking pace; each, in turn, has the potential to unveil how these projects depend on the naturalcultural health of the landscapes being traversed. Against the “slow violence” being perpetrated on Italian landscapes—a slow violence of toxic contamination at the hand of ecomafias, of the cementification of agricultural lands and delicate coasts—and against the speed of turbocapitalism, thinking on foot enables modes of ethics and aesthetics simultaneously attuned to historical depth and ecological crisis. In this view, Italy is no longer a “bel paese,” but rather an ecocultural landscape in which the seeds for meaningful change are deeply embedded.

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García García, Miriam. "El litoral español: más de un cuarto de siglo a la deriva | The Spanish coast: more than a quarter of a century adrift." ZARCH, no. 8 (October 2, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201782161.

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Aún bajo los efectos de la resaca de la más intensa crisis financiera e inmobiliaria sufrida en España, que ha dejado en las costas españolas un paisaje malherido, se bucea en sus raíces. Para ello se hace necesario remontarse a los orígenes y la posterior evolución del marco legal que regula en la protección del litoral y la planificación urbanística. Todo ello en un contexto político y socio económico que, como se verá, ha encontrado en la legislación urbanística y en la esquelética ordenación territorial la necesaria complicidad para la devastación de una gran parte del sistema litoral. Y es que a pesar de que en nuestros días la práctica totalidad de las regiones litorales de España cuentan con alguna figura de protección y ordenación de sus costas, su alcance es claramente insuficiente e incoherente con el contexto global del cambio climático y la demanda social creciente de un paisaje que tenga sentido desde el punto de vista de su funcionalidad ecológica y capacidad de uso social.PALABRAS CLAVE: Litoral, costa, planificación territorial, cambio climático, paisaje.Still under the effects of the hangover of the most intense financial and real estate crisis suffered in Spain, which has left on the Spanish coast a badly damaged landscape, its roots are investigated. For this, it is necessary to go back to the origins and the subsequent evolution of the legal framework that regulates in the country the protection of the coast and urban planning. All this in a political and socio-economic context that, as will be seen, has found in urban planning legislation and in the skeletal territorial planning of the coast the necessary complicity for the devastation of a large part of the coastal system. Despite the fact that, in our time, practically all the coastal regions of Spain have some instrument of protection and management of their coasts, their scope is insufficient and inconsistent with the global context of climate change and the growing social demand for a landscape that makes sense from the point of view of its ecological functionality and capacity for social use.KEYWORDS: Coastline, coast, territorial planning, climate change, landscape.

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Collareta, Alberto, Marco Merella, Simone Casati, Giovanni Coletti, and Andrea Di Cencio. "Another thermophilic "Miocene survivor" from the Italian Pliocene: A geologically young occurrence of the pelagic eagle ray Aetobatus in the Euro-Mediterranean region." Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) 21, no. 10 (June 24, 2021): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/carnets.2021.2110.

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Aetobatus (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) is a living genus of eagle rays that occurs in shallow-marine, tropical and subtropical environments of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Nowadays, Aetobatus does not inhabit the cool- to warm-temperate European and Mediterranean waters, though it is known from this broad region by virtue of several fossil teeth ranging chronostratigraphically from the lower Palaeogene to the upper Neogene. The present paper reports on a fossil aetobatid tooth discovered in mid-Pliocene (upper Zanclean to lower Piacenzian, 3.82-3.19 Ma) marine deposits exposed in the vicinities of Certaldo (Tuscany, Italy) and identified as belonging to †Aetobatus cf. cappettai. This specimen comprises the youngest occurrence of Aetobatus along the coasts of mainland Europe; furthermore, together with previous finds from roughly coeval deposits of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain), it represents the most recent record of this genus in the whole Euro-Mediterranean region. In light of the environmental preferences of extant Aetobatus spp., our discovery suggests palaeoenvironmental conditions favourable to the persistence of tropical/subtropical taxa of "Miocene survivors" along the Pliocene coasts of Tuscany. In addition, it raises the question of whether or not the Messinian Salinity Crisis really resulted in the complete collapse of the Mediterranean marine biota and in the subsequent recolonisation of the Mediterranean Basin from the adjoining Atlantic waters and/or scattered marginal intrabasinal refugia at the beginning of the Pliocene. The possibility of Aetobatus recolonising the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal in the near future is discussed.

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Clayton, Keith. "Book reviews : Hinrichsen, D. 1990: Our common seas: coasts in crisis. London: Earthscan. viii + 184 pp. £6.95 paper. ISBN: 1 85383 030 5." Progress in Human Geography 16, no. 2 (June 1992): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913259201600225.

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Dickie, John. "Timing, Memory and Disaster: Patriotic Narratives in the Aftermath of the Messina–Reggio Calabria Earthquake, 28 December 1908." Modern Italy 11, no. 2 (June 2006): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940600709262.

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The earthquake that struck both coasts of the Straits of Messina on 28 December 1908 was probably the worst natural disaster in the history of the Italian peninsula. It was followed by an extraordinary movement of public grief and solidarity. These extremely widespread manifestations of patriotism in a country that is frequently thought to ‘lack’ national identity give cause to reflect on the way the notion of national identity is used in the Italian context and beyond. The article looks specifically at some of the contrasting ways in which timing and memory simultaneously became patriotic and controversial issues in the Italian press in the aftermath of the catastrophe. It does so through a sustained dialogue with the most influential thinker on nationalism, time and memory: Benedict Anderson. It emerges from the analysis that different constructions of timing and memory are an indicator of the social and political functions of patriotism, which offers ways to manage crisis situations like the earthquake, but at the same time covertly politicizes them.

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Gouriou, Vincent, Stephane Le F. loch, Laurent Aprin, Florian Tena-Chollet, Pascal Lazure, Stíphane Pous, Alice James, and Pierre Daniel. "AN INTEGRATED PROJECT TO ANALYZE AND DETERMINE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A CHEMICAL SPILL ON THE WEST COAST OF FRANCE: AN OPERATIONAL POINT OF VIEW THROUGH THE ECEIncident." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-923.

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ABSTRACT Within a few decades, the European coasts and seas endured major environmental incidents of chemical pollution. For example, the “Ievoli Sun” incident, October 31, 2000, which was transporting 4,000 tonnes of styrene or the “Ece” incident, February 01, 2006 in the Channel, with a cargo of 10,000 tonnes of phosphoric acid. When a disaster occurs, authorities aspire to a faster and more effective management of pollution to limit the consequences. To this end, French authorities which take response measures for health or economic protection during a marine pollution incident need efficient software tools to assess the risks related to marine pollution. This allows them to quickly set up a relevant safety area, the aim being to protect the populations and the environment, to mobilize the appropriate response tools and to anticipate the situation in the short or medium term. It is in this particular and significant context of crisis management of marine pollution that the CLARA (“Calculation related to accidental releases in seawater”) project was developed. This project, funded by the French Research Ministry, has been carried out, since November 2003, by the Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Cedre, Ifremer, Mítío-France and Ineris, in order to jointly simulate

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Díaz Morillo, Ester. "La emigración irlandesa decimonónica tras la gran hambruna, parte intrínseca del carácter irlandés." Revista de Humanidades, no. 41 (December 30, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdh.41.2020.22918.

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Resumen: A lo largo de la historia han tenido lugar episodios de grandes crisis que transformarían irremediablemente la vida de millones de personas. Uno de estos acontecimientos fue la gran hambruna producida en Irlanda entre 1845 y 1851, uno de los eventos más trágicos de nuestra historia contemporánea que dejaría profundas huellas en su población. Uno de sus efectos más graves fue la oleada migratoria sin precedentes que llevó a numerosos irlandeses especialmente hasta las costas norteamericanas. Este artículo pretende, por tanto, estudiar la migración irlandesa producida por la gran hambruna y las características especiales que mostró y que la hizo distinguirse del resto de olas migratorias europeas decimonónicas. La «nueva Irlanda» que se conformaría en lugares como Estados Unidos nunca perdería su vínculo con la isla y dejaría un legado imborrable en ciudades como Nueva York y Chicago.Abstract: Throughout history there have been episodes of major crisis which would inexorably transform the lives of millions. One of such events was the Great Famine that took place in Ireland between 1845 and 1851, which was one of the most tragic events in our contemporary history and which would leave important marks on its population. The great unprecedented migration wave which led countless Irish people, especially towards the North American coasts, was one of its gravest effects. The aim of this article, therefore, is to explore the Irish migration induced by this Great Famine and the special characteristics that it showed and that made it distinguishable from the rest of the migration waves from nineteenth-century Europe. The “new Ireland” which developed in places such as the United States would never lose its bond with the island and would leave an indelible legacy in cities like New York and Chicago.

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Craig, Robin K. "Drought and Public Necessity." Texas A&M Law Review 6, no. 1 (October 2018): 77–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v6.i1.4.

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Drought is a recurring—and likely increasing—challenge to water rights administration in western states under the prior appropriation doctrine, where “first in time” senior rights are often allocated to non-survival uses such as commercial agriculture, rather than to drinking water supply for cities. While states and localities facing severe drought have used a variety of voluntary programs to reallocate water, these programs by their very nature cannot guarantee that water will in fact be redistributed to the uses that best promote public health and community survival. In addition, pure market solutions run the risk that “survival water” will become too expensive to buy because prices naturally rise—sometimes dramatically—during shortages. Using the example of the Brazos River drought of 2010 to 2013, this Article explores the potential role of the common law doctrine of public necessity in reallocating water during extreme drought. Building on my earlier work examining the potential use of public necessity in climate change adaptation for water law and coasts, this Article nevertheless focuses more narrowly on the specific issue of water crisis—the moment during an extreme drought when cities and power plants face a real inability to supply the general public with drinking water and electricity. At that moment, and assuming that cities have otherwise reasonably prepared for drought, the doctrine of public necessity should allow state water agencies in western states to reallocate water away from senior water rights holders whose water rights are for non-survival uses.

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Laird, Lindsay M. "D. Hinrichsen 1990. Our common seas: coasts in crisis. Earthscan Publications Ltd London in Association with the United Nations Environmental Programme, Nairobi. 184 pages. ISBN 1 85383-030-5. Price: £6.95 (paperback)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, no. 2 (May 1991): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005496.

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Graziani, L., A. Maramai, and S. Tinti. "A revision of the 1783–1784 Calabrian (southern Italy) tsunamis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 6 (December 13, 2006): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-1053-2006.

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Abstract. Southern Italy is one of the most tsunamigenic areas in the Mediterranean basin, having experienced during centuries a large number of tsunamis, some of which very destructive. In particular, the most exposed zone here is the Messina Straits separating the coasts of Calabria and Sicily that was the theatre of the strongest Italian events. In 1783–1785 Calabria was shaken by the most violent and persistent seismic crisis occurred in the last 2000 years. Five very strong earthquakes, followed by tsunamis, occurred in a short interval of time (February–March 1783), causing destruction and a lot of victims in a vast region embracing the whole southern Calabria and the Messina area, Sicily. In this study we re-examined these events by taking into account all available historical sources. In particular, we focussed on the 5 and 6 February 1783 tsunamis, that were the most destructive. As regards the 5 February event, we found that it was underestimated and erroneously considered a minor event. On the contrary, the analysis of the sources revealed that in some localities the tsunami effects were quite strong. The 6 February tsunami, the strongest one of the sequence, was due to a huge earthquake-induced rockfall and killed more than 1500 people in the Calabrian village of Scilla. For this event the inundated area and the runup values distribution were estimated. Further, the analysis of the historical sources allowed us to find three new tsunamis that passed previously unnoticed and that occurred during this seismic period. The first one occurred a few hours before the large earthquake of 5 February 1783. The second was generated by a rockfall on 24 March 1783. Finally, the third occurred on 9 January 1784, probably due to a submarine earthquake.

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Davis, Martin, and Alexander J. Kent. "Analysing the Symbology of Soviet Military City Plans." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-54-2019.

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Abstract. The collapse of the Soviet Union has seen the emergence of its unprecedentedly comprehensive global military mapping programme and the commercial availability of a vast number of detailed topographic maps and city plans at several scales. This paper presents an analysis of the symbology devised by the Soviet Union for its series of secret military plans, which covered over 2,000 towns and cities outside the USSR. Analyses of symbol specification documents and the implementation of their symbology in a 1% sample (19) of these plans allow its relationship with the urban characteristics of the towns and cities they symbolise to be explored.In particular, this investigation assesses the extent to which the Soviet symbology is adopted across a variety of socio-cultural and physical environments at 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scales. This reveals new details of the most comprehensive, globally-standardised topographic symbology ever produced, incorporating 630 graphical symbols in total, with 47.0% and 52.1% of these used in the sample of maps at both scales respectively. Elements of the physical environment account for the largest components of the symbology, with ‘Hydrography and Coasts’ the largest feature class at 1:10,000 (84 symbols) and ‘Vegetation and Soils’ at 1:25,000 (66 symbols). A comparative analysis with the OpenStreetMap symbology indicates scope for Soviet mapping to be used as a valuable supplementary topographic resource in a variety of existing and future global mapping initiatives, including humanitarian crisis mapping. This leads to a conclusion that the relevance and value of Soviet military maps endures in modern applications, both as a source of data and as a means of overcoming contemporary cartographic challenges relating to symbology, design and the handling of large datasets.

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Koilo, Viktoriia, and Ola Honningdal Grytten. "Maritime financial instability and supply chain management effects." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.06.

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The paper investigates the offshore crisis 2015–2017 and its impact on central international offshore oil and gas related maritime cluster, the Blue Maritime Cluster, located at the North-Western coast of Norway.This complete maritime cluster, heavily involved in offshore petroleum operations, it experienced an almost devastating blow, as it lost almost one-third of its employees as its value added contracted by 39 percent.When the crises is basically seen as a result of falling of oil prices and lower activity and squeezed profit margins, this paper investigates the crisis in the light of financial instability and reactions down the maritime supply chain. By collecting data from the Blue Maritime Cluster and the Norwegian central company register one is able both to trace the fall in the activity due to the crisis and measures of financial strength. The study approaches the data by using a structural time series analysis in order to map cycles as deviations from polynomial trends.The findings ascertain that financial instability was dominant within the Blue Maritime Cluster during its boom before the crisis. Debt ratios and thereby gearing (leverage) were high. Thus, the companies could not meet their obligations when the crisis hit.The paper also finds that narrow focused supply chain management made the cluster fall deep into the abyss. Companies with a more diversified portfolio were able to meet the hard years better than others.

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Fergie, Deane, Rod Lucas, and Morgan Harrington. "Take My Breath Away." Anthropology in Action 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2020.270208.

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This article eschews the singularity of much disaster, crisis and catastrophe research to focus on the complex dynamics of convergent crises. It examines the prolonged crises of a summer of bushfire and COVID-19 which converged in Eurobodalla Shire on the south coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in 2019–2020. We focus on air and breathing on the one hand and kinship and the social organisation of survival and recovery on the other. During Australia’s summer of bushfires, thick smoke rendered air, airways and breathing a challenge, leaving people open to reflection as well as to struggle. Bushfire smoke created ‘aware breathers’. It was aware breathers who were then to experience the invisible and separating threat of COVID-19. These convergent crises impacted the ‘mutuality of being’ of kinship (after Marshall Sahlins) and the social organisation of survival. Whereas the bushfires in Eurobodalla drew on grandparent-families in survival, the social distancing and lockdown of COVID-19 has cleaved these multi-household families asunder, at least for now. COVID-19 has also made plain how the mingling of breath is a new index of intimacy.

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Briant, Emma. "Lessons from the Cambridge Analytica Crisis." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 3, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2775.

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On November 27, 2020, Dr. Emma Briant presented Lessons from the Cambridge Analytica Crisis: Confronting Today's (Dis)information Challenges, at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of the discussion focused on digital mercenaries, surveillance capitalism, and Western government/military responses to foreign influence campaigns.

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Radianti, Jaziar, Mattias N. Tronslien, Kristoffer Kalvik Thomassen, Max Emil Odd Moland, and Christian Anker Kulmus. "Serious Game Design for Flooding Triggered by Extreme Weather." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2017070104.

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Managing crises with limited resources through a serious game is deemed as one of the ways of training and can be regarded as an alternative to a table-top exercise. This article presents the so-called “Operasjon Tyrsdal” serious game, inspired by a real case of extreme weather that hit the west coast of Norway. This reference case is used to add realism to the game. The game is designed for a single player, while the mechanics are framed in such a way that the player will have limited resources, and elevated event pressure over time. Beside applying an iterative Scrum method with seven Sprint cycles, we combined the development work with desk research and used the involvement of testers, including crisis responders. The resulting game has expected features and behaviors, is game(ful), but allow the player to learn through an “After Action” report that logs all player's decisions, which is intended to trigger discussions.

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Burke, Jennifer A., Patric R. Spence, and Kenneth A. Lachlan. "Revisiting the Gulf Coast: Hurricane Ike and Issues of Crisis Communication." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 8, no. 4 (2010): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v08i04/42897.

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Efremova, K. "Post-election crisis in Myanmar." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 1 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2021-1-89-98.

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The article analyzes the current political situation in Myanmar where the military came back to power in February 2021. The legality of introducing the state of emergency by the military and of transferring the state power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services Senior General Min Aung Hlaing is addressed. The situation in Myanmar is also compared with the neighbouring Thailand where military takeovers have become a political routine. The difference between Myanmar’s and Thailand’s coups and their perceptions by the international community is highlighted. The “Daw Aung San Suu Kyi factor” and the political-information campaign against Myanmar in global mass media are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the U.S. policy towards Myanmar as a country that is strategically located at the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The role of U.S.-based charity funds and social networks in organizing mass protests in Myanmar, in reaction to the state of emergency declared by the military, is explored. The Civil Disobedience Movement’s actions, goals and practical results are discussed. Finally, the article outlines scenarios of future developments and focuses on the key role of Myanmar’s military (the Tatmadaw) in peaceful solution of the post-election political crisis in Myanmar.

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Ramírez-Herrera, María-Teresa, David Romero, Néstor Corona, Héctor Nava, Hamblet Torija, and Felipe Hernández Maguey. "The 23 June 2020 Mw 7.4 La Crucecita, Oaxaca, Mexico Earthquake and Tsunami: A Rapid Response Field Survey during COVID-19 Crisis." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200263.

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Abstract The 23 June 2020 La Crucecita earthquake occurred at 10:29 hr on the coast of Oaxaca in an Mw 7.4 megathrust event at 22.6 km depth and triggered a tsunami recorded at tide gauge stations and a Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis off the coast of Mexico. Immediately after the earthquake, a rapid response effort was coordinated by members of the Tsunami and Paleoseismology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Despite the challenges posed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis, a postearthquake and post-tsunami field survey went ahead two days after the event. We describe here the details of the rapid response survey of the vertical coseismic deformation, tsunami, geologic effects, and lessons from working in the field during the COVID-19 crisis. We surveyed 44 km along the coast of Oaxaca. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, some local communities enforced rules of confinement. We solved most of the challenges faced during this crisis by rapidly networking with local organizations prior to surveying. We assessed coseismic uplift by means of mortality caused by vertical displacement of intertidal organisms and resurveying of benchmarks, and we measured tsunami runup. Our results show coastal uplift of 0.53 m near the epicenter and decreasing farther away from it; uplift was up to 0.8 m in areas related to exposure of the coast. Of our values of coastal uplift, about 0.53 m fit well with the 0.55 m of uplift reported by tide gauge data at Huatulco. Coastal uplift and low tide at the time of the event limited the tsunami inundation and runup on the Oaxaca coast. Nevertheless, we found tsunami inundation evidence at four confined coastal sites reaching a maximum runup of 1.5 m. The enclosed morphology of these sites determined higher runup and tsunami inundation. Local coastal morphology effects are not detected in tsunami models lacking detailed bathymetry and topography. This issue needs to be addressed during tsunami hazard assessments.

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Smith, Kate. "Global Warming and the Political Ecology of Health: Emerging Crisis and Systemic Solutions." Ethnobiology Letters 3 (June 14, 2012): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.3.2012.49.

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Review of Global Warming and the Political Ecology of Health: Emerging Crisis and Systemic Solutions. Hans Baer and Merrill Singer. 2008. Left Coast Press, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA. Pp. 238. $32.95 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-59874-354-8.

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Kratoska, Paul H. "The British Empire and the Southeast Asian Rice Crisis of 1919–1921." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (February 1990): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001189.

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From 1919 through 1921, a combination of poor rice harvests and speculative buying caused unprecedented rice shortages in Southeast Asia and led to imposition of government controls over the rice industry. Because there were large workforces in South and Southeast Asia entirely dependent upon imported rice, the shortages were potentially very serious. Malaya and the East Coast Residency of Sumatra, for example, exported non-edible primary products such as tobacco, rubber and tin, and imported rice from Burma and Siam. Two-thirds of the rice consumed each year in Malaya, and one-half of that used in Sumatra's East Coast Residency, was imported, and local food production fell far short of the minimum needed if imported grain could not be obtained. Tea cultivation in Ceylon, tobacco and rubber planting in British North Borneo, and sugar planting in the Philippines were conducted along much the same lines.

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XIAO, RUPING, and HSIAO-TING LIN. "Inside the Asian Cold War Intrigues: Revisiting the Taiwan Strait crises." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 6 (July 10, 2018): 2109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000706.

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AbstractThis article revisits the issue of the offshore islands in the Taiwan Strait during the Cold War. Benefitting from archival materials only recently made available, specifically Chiang Kai-shek's personal diaries, CIA declassified materials, Taiwanese Foreign Ministry files, and rare publications from the Contemporary Taiwan Collection at the Library of the Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, this research examines the cloud of suspicion surrounding the secret contacts between Taipei and Beijing leading up to and during the 1958 offshore islands crisis, elucidating how such a political tête-à-tête, and the resultant tacit consensus over the status of the islands, gradually brought about an end to the conflict between Taiwan and Communist China. In hindsight, the crises over the offshore islands along China's southeast coast momentarily brought the United States closer to war with Communist China, while putting the relationship between Taipei and Washington to a serious test. The end result, however, was that, while these isles were technically embedded in the unfinished civil war between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists, they provided, ironically, an opportunity for secret communications and, ultimately, a kind of détente between the two supposedly deadly enemies across the Taiwan Strait. A close examination of the details of these crises, along with their attendant military, political, and diplomatic complexities, reveals an amazing amount of political intrigue at both the local and international levels that has not been fully realized until now.

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Petrun Sayers, PhD, Elizabeth L., Andrew M. Parker, PhD, Rajeev Ramchand, PhD, Melissa L. Finucane, PhD, Vanessa Parks, MA, and Rachana Seelam, MPH. "Reaching vulnerable populations in the disaster-prone US Gulf Coast: Communicating across the crisis lifecycle." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0323.

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Delivering risk and crisis communication to US Gulf Coast residents poses a unique challenge to individual and organizational responders. The region has endured several natural and man-made disasters, spanning Hurricane Katrina, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and more recently Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. In the future, the US Gulf Coast is expected to remain susceptible to a range of disasters. At the same time, the region is experiencing a growing population, struggles with systemic disparities between residents, and is home to major energy, tourism, fishing, and shrimping industries. Engaging in pre-crisis planning with vulnerable populations, and assessing response strategies, can help the region prepare for future disasters. In support of understanding vulnerabilities in the US Gulf Coast, the authors conducted a survey in 2016 of n = 2,520 adult residents of the targeted geographic region. The authors examine how demographic characteristics affect communication channel preferences (ie, television, Internet, print [newspapers, magazines], radio, word-of-mouth, or another specified channel) and trust in sources (ie, the national news media, local news media, business leaders and organizations, religious leaders and institutions, academics and academic institutions, friends and family, and doctors) in the US Gulf Coast. Weighted prevalence estimates or similar summary statistics (mean, standard deviation) are provided for both outcomes. Findings for channel preferences and trust in sources are examined by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education. Weighted multinomial logistic regression is used in a multivariate model. Weighted linear regression is used to examine differences in trust in each source of information. Results highlight significant differences in channel preferences and trust across respondents. The authors also place these results in context to more readily accessible national estimates of these outcomes, emphasizing takeaways for the region.

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Petrun Sayers, PhD, Elizabeth L., Andrew M. Parker, PhD, Rajeev Ramchand, PhD, Melissa L. Finucane, PhD, Vanessa Parks, MA, and Rachana Seelam, MPH. "Reaching vulnerable populations in the disaster-prone US Gulf Coast: Communicating across the crisis lifecycle." Journal of Emergency Management 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0426.

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Delivering risk and crisis communication to US Gulf Coast residents poses a unique challenge to individual and organizational responders. The region has endured several natural and man-made disasters, spanning Hurricane Katrina, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and more recently Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. In the future, the US Gulf Coast is expected to remain susceptible to a range of disasters. At the same time, the region is experiencing a growing population, struggles with systemic disparities between residents, and is home to major energy, tourism, fishing, and shrimping industries. Engaging in pre-crisis planning with vulnerable populations, and assessing response strategies, can help the region prepare for future disasters.In support of understanding vulnerabilities in the US Gulf Coast, the authors conducted a survey in 2016 of n = 2,520 adult residents of the targeted geographic region. The authors examine how demographic characteristics affect communication channel preferences (ie, television, Internet, print [newspapers, magazines], radio, word-of-mouth, or another specified channel) and trust in sources (ie, the national news media, local news media, business leaders and organizations, religious leaders and institutions, academics and academic institutions, friends and family, and doctors) in the US Gulf Coast. Weighted prevalence estimates or similar summary statistics (mean, standard deviation) are provided for both outcomes. Findings for channel preferences and trust in sources are examined by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education. Weighted multinomial logistic regression is used in a multivariate model. Weighted linear regression is used to examine differences in trust in each source of information. Results highlight significant differences in channel preferences and trust across respondents. The authors also place these results in context to more readily accessible national estimates of these outcomes, emphasizing takeaways for the region.

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Ramírez Plascencia, David. "Refugee crisis representation on German online press: the case of Aylan Kurdi." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 25, no. 51 (December 2017): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880005107.

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Abstract This paper is focused in examining the digital news representation of Syrian refugee crisis and the conformation of the reader’s opinions in Germany. Data collection will be addressed on reviewing German online news and the reader’s comments related with one remarkable event during the actual migration crisis in Europe: The note about the child Aylan or Alan Kurdi, that drowned in the coast of Turkey in September 02 of 2015. The main aim of this paper is to understand the role of media crisis representation on the opinions of German people. How does media shape public reactions in pro and against helping refugees? And what kind of actions could the European authorities undertake to protect the human rights of refugees and to diminish hate discourse online.

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Maier, Shana L. "“We Belong to Them”." Violence Against Women 17, no. 11 (November 2011): 1383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801211428599.

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This research explores the transformation of rape crisis centers and whether directors, staff, interns, and volunteers see changes as beneficial or detrimental to rape crisis centers and the victims they serve. Data from 63 interviews with directors, staff, interns, and volunteers from six rape crisis centers located in four East Coast states indicate that although centers may have been formed for different reasons depending on when they opened, all have become more professional, rely less on volunteers, engage in more collaboration with other agencies, and have largely abandoned their traditional activism agenda. Traditional activism through political protests and membership in consciousness raising groups has been replaced by community education and outreach. Some of these changes are viewed as positive whereas others are viewed as negative.

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Jugović, Alen, Mirjana Kovačić, and Darko Saftić. "Choice of destination, accommodation and transportation in times of economic crisis." Tourism and hospitality management 16, no. 2 (December 2010): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.16.2.3.

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The aim of paper is to examine the influence of the global economic crisis on the choice of destination, accommodation and transport during 2009. The influence of the economic crisis on world tourism has been analysed by using Istria as an example of a tourist destination and on the basis of the results of a study carried out during the tourist season 2009 along the Istrian coast. The results show that tourists visiting Istria believe that the economic crisis did not have a great impact on their choice of Istria as their vacation destination nor did it, in their opinion, influence the choice of transportation. The results of this paper can be useful to tourist and transport organizations and management as helpful data source for taking into consideration all potential implications of the economic crisis, the consequences of which will have a negative impact even on the following tourist season.

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Bannister, David. "THE SORCERER'S APPRENTICE: SLEEPING SICKNESS, ONCHOCERCIASIS, AND UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES IN GHANA, 1930–60." Journal of African History 62, no. 1 (March 2021): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000177.

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AbstractThe Northern Territories Protectorate and its people were located on the economic and political margins of Britain's Gold Coast Crown Colony (now Ghana) throughout the colonial period. The article examines how the region's peripherality allowed the Gold Coast Tsetse Control Department to carry out an extensive campaign of bush clearing and resettlement along northern river valleys from the 1930s to 1950s, with little supervision by the Gold Coast Medical Department or northern officials. Intended to control human and animal sleeping sickness and to meet the economic preferences of the colony's central administration, this campaign had the effect of greatly increasing the exposure of northern communities to another disease, onchocerciasis, causing widespread blindness and contributing to a serious public health crisis in the early independence era.

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Chakraborty, Sweta, and Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda. "Initial Phase Crisis Communications Following High Perceived Risk Events: The Volcanic Ash Crisis and the Japanese Tsunami as Examples." European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 2 (June 2011): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00001240.

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On 14 April 2010 the Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, erupted resulting in a volcanic ash cloud across European airspace. The ash cloud caused a moratorium on flying and concerns over health effects to vulnerable populations. Not even a year since the volcanic ash cloud; on 11 March 2011 a massive 9.0-magnitude earthquake occurred near the northeastern coast of Japan, creating extremely destructive tsunami waves which hit Japan just minutes after the earthquake, triggering evacuations and warnings across the Pacific Ocean. The disaster also led to concerns over nuclear power plant meltdowns in the affected areas and risk of radiation. High perceived risks associated with the Japanese tsunami and volcanic ash crisis are examples of scenarios where accurate and timely health and safety communications are vital for effective emergency response. However, communications immediately following such events face unique challenges. This report describes the challenges faced in terms of crisis communication immediately following high perceived risk events and positions the example case studies in the context of an existing crisis communication paradigm.

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Alence, Rod. "The 1937-1938 Gold Coast Cocoa Crisis: The Political Economy of Commercial Stalemate." African Economic History, no. 19 (1990): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601893.

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McKinney, Bruce C. "The wreck of themorning dew: The United States coast guard and crisis communication." New Jersey Journal of Communication 9, no. 1 (March 2001): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15456870109367398.

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Dubost, Thierry. "A Fallen-Soufflé Crisis in Dinner with Friends." Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 8, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcde-2020-0022.

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AbstractIn Dinner with Friends (1999), which received the Pulitzer Prize for drama in 2000, Donald Margulies stages two couples – one of them impacted by the other’s divorce – and he uses food to evaluate the characters’ response to a marital breakup. Sociologically, food and eating rituals help characterize communities and identities, and in Dinner with Friends, the characters’ culinary choices become revelatory features of their bourgeois community. In the midst of a friendship crisis, Margulies uses culinary talks to examine East Coast intelligentsia. Beyond their specific approach to ethnic food, he sheds some light on the invisible consequences of their expertise as foodies, bearers of inflexible norms, who resort to soft power to assert their immutable principles. Viewed through the lens of Lauren Berlant’s Cruel Optimism, the enactment of eating strategies – not to mention people’s capacity to cook a good meal – will serve to analyze connections between food and power. Beyond thematic aspects illustrating a crisis, Margulies’s dramatic use of food may reveal his aesthetic strategies in performing crisis.

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Bukowski, Patryk. "Frontex activities on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis (2015-…)." Polish Review of International and European Law 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.2.04.

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According to the title, the subject of this article is the activity of Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis, the escalation of which took place in mid-2015. The main part of the text has been divided into four parts. In the first part of the article, the author briefly described the genesis of Frontex and its current activity in the normative perspective. In the second part, the author characterised the determinants of the migrant crisis, focusing on the challenges for the European Union which the crisis generated. In the third part, the author described the course of the Western Balkan route and analysed statistical data on the population migrating that route. In the fourth and last part, the author analysed Frontex’s activity on the Western Balkan route, describing the determinants of the actions taken.

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Varanasi, Usha, Vera L. Trainer, and Ervin Joe Schumacker. "Taking the Long View for Oceans and Human Health Connection through Community Driven Science." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052662.

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The most proactive approach to resolving current health and climate crises will require a long view, focused on establishing and fostering partnerships to identify and eliminate root causes of the disconnect between humans and nature. We describe the lessons learned through a unique scientific partnership that addresses a specific crisis, harmful algal blooms (HABs), along the northeast Pacific Ocean coast, that blends current-day technology with observational knowledge of Indigenous communities. This integrative scientific strategy resulted in creative solutions for forecasting and managing HAB risk in the Pacific Northwest as a part of the US Ocean and Human Health (OHH) program. Specific OHH projects focused on: (1) understanding genetic responses of tribal members to toxins in the marine environment, (2) knowledge sharing by elders during youth camps; (3) establishing an early warning program to alert resource managers of HABs are explicit examples of proactive strategies used to address environmental problems. The research and monitoring projects with tribal communities taught the collaborating non-Indigenous scientists the value of reciprocity, highlighting both the benefits from and protection of oceans that promote our well-being. Effective global oceans and human health initiatives require a collective action that gives equal respect to all voices to promote forward thinking solutions for ocean health.

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Kimrey, LT Christopher M. "METACOGNITIVE DECISION MAKING IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE-BEHAVIORAL BIAS IN RELATION TO PERCEIVED RISK." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 1453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.1453.

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ABSTRACT 2017-205 Catastrophic events like Deepwater Horizon, Exxon Valdez, major hurricanes, and other such anomalies have a tendency to overwhelm the initial crisis management leadership due to the chaotic nature of the event. The inability to quickly and accurately make critical assessments about the magnitude and complexity of the emerging catastrophe can spell disaster for crisis managers long before the response ever truly takes shape. This paper argues for the application of metacognitive models for sense and decision-making. Rather than providing tools and checklists as a recipe for success, this paper endeavors to provide awareness of the cognitive processes and heuristics that tend to emerge in crises including major oil spills, making emergency managers aware of their existence and potential impacts. Awareness, we argue, leads to recognition and self-awareness of key behavioral patterns and biases. The skill of metacognition—thinking about thinking—is what we endeavor to build through this work. Using a literature review and cogent application to oil spill response, this paper reviews contemporary theories on metacognition and sense-making, as well as concepts of behavioral bias and risk perception in catastrophic environments. When catastrophe occurs—and history has proven they will—the incident itself and the external pressures of its perceived management arguably emerge simultaneously, but not necessarily in tandem with one another. Previous spills have demonstrated how a mismanaged incident can result in an unwieldy and caustic confluence of external forces. This paper provides an awareness of biases that lead to mismanagement and apply for the first time a summary of concepts of sense-making and metacognition to major oil spill response. The views and ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Coast Guard or Department of Homeland Security.

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Warren, Andrew, and Chris Gibson. "Crafting Regional Cultural Production: emergence, crisis and consolidation in the Gold Coast surfboard industry." Australian Geographer 44, no. 4 (December 2013): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2013.852508.

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HANGARTNER, DOMINIK, ELIAS DINAS, MORITZ MARBACH, KONSTANTINOS MATAKOS, and DIMITRIOS XEFTERIS. "Does Exposure to the Refugee Crisis Make Natives More Hostile?" American Political Science Review 113, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000813.

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Although Europe has experienced unprecedented numbers of refugee arrivals in recent years, there exists almost no causal evidence regarding the impact of the refugee crisis on natives’ attitudes, policy preferences, and political engagement. We exploit a natural experiment in the Aegean Sea, where Greek islands close to the Turkish coast experienced a sudden and massive increase in refugee arrivals, while similar islands slightly farther away did not. Leveraging a targeted survey of 2,070 island residents and distance to Turkey as an instrument, we find that direct exposure to refugee arrivals induces sizable and lasting increases in natives’ hostility toward refugees, immigrants, and Muslim minorities; support for restrictive asylum and immigration policies; and political engagement to effect such exclusionary policies. Since refugees only passed through these islands, our findings challenge both standard economic and cultural explanations of anti-immigrant sentiment and show that mere exposure suffices in generating lasting increases in hostility.

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Gregory, Jenny. "“A Spirit of Bolshevism?”: Perth’s Water Crisis of the 1920s." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217692989.

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The early 1920s were a pivotal period in Perth’s water history, marked by conflict over the inadequacies of the city’s water supply. Only a small area of the city had reticulated water; most people relied on wells or rainwater tanks. Water shortages, particularly in new suburbs and higher districts, prompted the Western Australian Government to impose water restrictions. The press, local government authorities, and opposition politicians took the government to task, and officials and householders protested at public meetings. This article analyzes the causes of water shortages, the level of protest, tensions over the governance of the water supply, and the response of the state government. As on America’s west coast in the same period, government decision making was often influenced by rural needs, but the role played by urban householders, with the support of the press and opposition politicians, was paramount in shaping new water supply systems for city dwellers.

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JØRGENSEN, DOLLY. "Mixing Oil and Water: Naturalizing Offshore Oil Platforms in Gulf Coast Aquariums." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 2 (May 2012): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000175.

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On 26 June 2010, the brand new Gulf of Mexico exhibit at the National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium in Dubuque, Iowa opened devoid of life. The tanks were purposefully left empty, rather than showing the vibrant aquatic life of the Gulf, to highlight the oil spill associated with BP's Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling incident earlier in 2010. According to the museum's press release, the museum wantedto open a Gulf exhibit recognizing the crisis that is happening on the Gulf Coast … The exhibit, without fish, now has the opportunity to make a bold statement related to the oil spill in the Gulf Coast by asking Museum & Aquarium visitors to imagine a lifeless Gulf.1

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Sonck-Rautio, Kirsi. "The Endangered Coastal Fishers along the Coast of the Archipelago Sea." Ethnologia Fennica 46 (December 15, 2019): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v46i0.75027.

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The small-scale fisheries of the Finnish archipelago are in crisis. Three major problems were identified during an ethnographic study of the different stake- holders in the fishing sector: the grey seal, the great cormorant, and regulation of pikeperch harvesting. Within the framework of political ecology, develop- ments in the current state of the fisheries are examined and the policy-mak- ing processes are analysed. Additionally, the notion of knowledge and the role of both scientific knowledge and local ecological knowledge in the context of fisheries management and fisheries management science are discussed.

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Alsop, J. D. "A Regime at Sea: The Navy and the 1553 Succession Crisis." Albion 24, no. 4 (1992): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050667.

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The navy occupied a significant position in the 1553 succession crisis. However, assessments of its role hitherto have been hampered by conflicting contemporary observations and a paucity of information. Not all issues of consequence can be resolved, but important fresh evidence, particularly, extensive High Court of the Admiralty documentation for one of the royal ships dispatched by the Duke of Northumberland to the East Anglian coast following Edward VI's death, permits a reappraisal of the episode and its significance for the events of that year. The evidence confirms that the Northumberland regime experienced difficulty from the outset in its attempt to establish Lady Jane Grey on the throne, and it suggests that the regime's perceived strengths—in this instance the mid-Tudor navy—were all too frequently illusory.

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Cormier, Annjea M. "Crisis Response and Management Following Hurricane Sandy." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 299895. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-299895.1.

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The United States Coast Guard responded to the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in New York and New Jersey under the National Response Framework's Emergency Support Function 10 Oil and Hazardous Material Response. Based on countless lessons learned; decisive response leadership is required in the initial response to build operational momentum, and establish interagency coordination. The Hurricane Sandy Pollution Response is a stellar example of how the initial actions shaped the direction and effectiveness of the rest of the response. This poster will emphasize how the leadership asked the right questions, referred to the right plans, set the right priorities and included the right partners. Additionally, it will identify the protocols that were established to execute Pollution Mitigation. The regional and area contingency plans provided supporting mechanisms and structure for multi-agency cooperation. Due to the extent of the wide spread damage pollution reporting to the National Response Center was disrupted and remained ineffective at a local level until the impacted shoreline communities were reconstituted. The Unified Command conducted wide-area assessments by aerial observers, boat operations and field personnel to quantify and assess the pollution threats from thousands of sources. The Operations Section of the Incident Command utilized Emergency Response Management System Application (ERMA) to develop the common operating picture and prioritize threats based on environmentally sensitive areas. During Hurricane Sandy, critical decision making allowed the response organization to oversee 1,500 contracted personnel, over 1,245 miles of shoreline, and mitigated 439 potential/active pollution threats. The poster will include the Response Time-line, Response Doctrine, ICS Implementation, Key Decisions, Pollution Mitigation protocols and National Strike Force Boat Operations.

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Nath, Sanchayan, Frances E. Dunn, Frank van Laerhoven, and Peter P. J. Driessen. "Coping with crisis on the coast: The effect of community-developed coping-strategies on vulnerability in crisis-prone regions of the Ganges delta." Journal of Environmental Management 284 (April 2021): 112072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112072.

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Claude, Akoue Yao, Adaman Sinan, and Zon Dehenouin Alphonse. "Parc National Du Banco, Un Patrimoine Entre Destruction Et Conservation : Realite Et Enjeux D’une Gestion Durable." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p182.

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Forest protection and conservation in Ivory Coast and its ressources were always been in political concern. That is why since its independance, Ivory Coast created an important network of protected areas in order to preserve its forest cover and its biodiversity. In spite of these efforts of forest conceptualization, the situation remains in crisis. Indeed the share of the National parks and Reserves undergo deep changes related to the anthropic pressures. Created in 1953 and located in the heart of the economic capital of the Ivory Coast, the National Park value does not escape such a situation. Indeed, the activities undertaken by populations living around this park and the fast urbanisation of the town of Abidjan represent an obstacle to the survival of the park. To suppress this situation, political measurements are installed for better managment of this park. This study aims to analyze the threats related to urban pressure on this park.

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Wang, Zheng, and Kevin Avruch. "Culture, Apology, and International Negotiation: The Case of the Sino-U.S. "Spy Plane" Crisis." International Negotiation 10, no. 2 (2005): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806054740958.

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AbstractThis article traces the course of the Sino-U.S. negotiation in April 2001, to resolve the crisis following the collision of a U.S. surveillance aircraft with a Chinese fighter jet off of China's coast and the subsequent unauthorized emergency landing of the U.S. plane at a Chinese airfield on Hainan Island. The negotiation focused on the Chinese demand for a full apology from the United States and the U.S. resistance to this demand. The article examines the role that culture, particularly linguistic differences, played in the course of the negotiation and its eventual resolution.

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Rodriguez, Antonio B. "The Battle for North Carolina's Coast: Evolutionary History, Present Crisis, and Vision for the Future." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 128, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5880-128.2.54.

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Watts, Michael J., and Thomas J. Bassett. "Crisis and Change in African Agriculture: A Comparative Study of the Ivory Coast and Nigeria." African Studies Review 28, no. 4 (December 1985): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524521.

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Pompe, J. "The Battle for North Carolina's Coast: Evolutionary History, Present Crisis, & Vision for the Future." Environmental History 17, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/ems023.

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Botti, Renée-Paule, Sie Saïda Bokoum, Etienne L’Hermite, Dohoma Alexis Silue, Boidy Kouakou, Sarah Anastasie Bognini, Serge Arnaud Agoua, Edgar Mandeng Ma Linwa, Roméo Ayemou, and Kouassi Gustave Koffi. "Efficacy and Tolerance of Vascular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in the Management of Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Phase II Single-Centre Randomized Study in Ivory Coast." Advances in Hematology 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1373754.

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Background. Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the primary cause of hospitalization in patients with sickle cell disease. Treatment mainly consists of intravenous morphine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have many dose-related side effects. The question arises as to whether vascular electrical stimulation therapy (VEST) could be effective or not on VOCs. Objective. To measure the effectiveness and safety of VEST in reducing the median time spent in severe VOC. Methods. We conducted a phase II, single blinded, randomized, controlled, triple-arm, comparative trial. We included thirty (30) adult patients with severe vaso-occlusive crisis. The study arms were divided as follows: our control group (group 0) constituted of 10 patients followed with conventional therapy (Analgesics + Hydration + NSAIDs), while 20 patients were divided equally into two interventional arms—10 patients followed with VEST + Analgesics + Hydration (group 1) and the other 10 patients followed with VEST + Analgesics + Hydration + NSAIDs (group 2). The primary efficacy endpoint was median time to severe crisis elimination. The secondary end points were median time to end-of-crisis, median tramadol consumption, progress of the haemoglobin level over 3 days, side effects, and treatment failure. Results. The age ranged from 14 to 37 years, including 23 women. We noted a beneficial influence of the VEST on the median time to severe crisis (VAS greater than 2) elimination; 17 hours (group 1) against 3.5 hours (group 2) p = 0.0166 and 4 hours (group 3) with p value = 0.0448. Similar significant results were obtained on the diminution of total duration of the crisis (VAS over 0) and median tramadol consumption in patients in the interventional arms. Conclusion. These statistically significant results in the interventional arms suggest that VEST could be an alternative treatment of VOC in sickle cell patients.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coasts in Crisis'

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