Journal articles: 'Coastal zones'

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Le Mehaute, Bernard. "Hydrodynamics of coastal zones." Coastal Engineering 15, no. 3 (June 1991): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(91)90012-6.

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Cu, Nguyen Van, Nguyen Van Muon, Nguyen Quoc Cuong, Bui Thi Thanh Huong, and Tran Thi Ngoc Anh. "PHÂN VÙNG CHỨC NĂNG CHO QUẢN LÝ TỔNG HỢP ĐỚI BỜ TỈNH THÁI BÌNH." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/13122.

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On the basis of analyzing natural conditions, resources, current exploitation status and functional zoning principles and criteria, functional zoning maps for integrated coastal management in Thai Binh were incorporated. Results suggested classifying Thai Binh coasts into two functional zones: Urban and multi-economic development zone and ecological conservation and recovery with economic development and national defense zone. Then, zone 1 and zone 2 were classified into 3 and 4 different functional sub-regions respectively with suitable proposal of prior activities and management. This research is an important basis for coastal development and intergrated coastal management in Thai Binh.

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Delgado, Jose Ramón, Juan Carlos Fernández, and Edgard Yerena. "Integrated Management of Coastal Zones in Venezuela." Revista Costas 6, Vol Esp. 2 (June 2021): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/costas.e2021.

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In 1999, Venezuela began a Pilot Project for Coastal Marine Areas, establishing a Technical Unit in the now-defunct Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. During the last 21 years, the foundations were laid for the Integrated Coastal Zones Management, approving a Coastal Zones Law in 2001 and developing a comprehensive Planning and Management Plan for Coastal Zones, concluded in 2014, which has not yet been approved. Even though, in practice, there is still no adequate institutional structure to attend to the integrated management of maritime and island spaces from a multidisciplinary perspective, these two instruments lay the foundations for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the development of Marine Spatial Planning. This paper seeks to analyze the reality of the management of coastal and marine zones in Venezuela during the last two decades (period 1999-2020), highlighting the initiatives developed to organize the necessary institutionality to execute the planning, zoning and integrated management processes that will promote the sustainability of coastal and marine spaces. The methodology used focuses on the analysis of the temporal evolution of the processes and instruments developed for the public management of the coastal and marine areas of the country.

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Veloso-Gomes, F., and F. Taveira-Pinto. "Portuguese coastal zones and the new coastal management plans." Journal of Coastal Conservation 9, no. 1 (2003): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1652/1400-0350(2003)009[0025:pczatn]2.0.co;2.

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Veloso-Gomes, F., and F. Taveira-Pinto. "Portuguese coastal zones and the new coastal management plans." Journal of Coastal Conservation 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02755523.

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Melet, A., P. Teatini, G. Le Cozannet, C. Jamet, A. Conversi, J. Benveniste, and R. Almar. "Earth Observations for Monitoring Marine Coastal Hazards and Their Drivers." Surveys in Geophysics 41, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1489–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09594-5.

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Abstract Coastal zones have large social, economic and environmental values. They are more densely populated than the hinterland and concentrate large economic assets, critical infrastructures and human activities such as tourism, fisheries, navigation. Furthermore, coastal oceans are home to a wealth of living marine resources and very productive ecosystems. Yet, coastal zones are exposed to various natural and anthropogenic hazards. To reduce the risks associated with marine hazards, sustained coastal zone monitoring programs, forecasting and early warning systems are increasingly needed. Earth observations (EO), and in particular satellite remote sensing, provide invaluable information: satellite-borne sensors allow an effective monitoring of the quasi-global ocean, with synoptic views of large areas, good spatial and temporal resolution, and sustained time-series covering several years to decades. However, satellite observations do not always meet the precision required by users, in particular in dynamic coastal zones, characterized by shorter-scale variability. A variety of sensors are used to directly monitor the coastal zone and their observations can also be integrated into numerical models to provide a full 4D monitoring of the ocean and forecasts. Here, we review how EO, and more particularly satellite observations, can monitor coastal hazards and their drivers. These include coastal flooding, shoreline changes, maritime security, marine pollution, water quality, and marine ecology shifts on the one hand, and several physical characteristics (bathymetry, topography, vertical land motion) of coastal zones, meteorological and oceanic (metocean) variables that can act as forcing factors for coastal hazards on the other hand.

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Anilkumar, P. P., Koshy Varghese, and L. S. Ganesh. "Formulating a coastal zone health metric for landuse impact management in urban coastal zones." Journal of Environmental Management 91, no. 11 (November 2010): 2172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.021.

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Jongejan, Ruben, Roshanka Ranasinghe, and Han Vrijling. "A RISK-INFORMED APPROACH TO COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.8.

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Economic and population growth have led to an unprecedented increase in the value at risk in coastal zones over the last century. To avoid excessive future losses, particularly in the light of projected climate change impacts, coastal zone managers have various instruments at their disposal. These primarily concern land-use planning (establishing buffer zones) and engineering solutions (beach nourishment and coastal protection). In this paper, we focus on risk mitigation through the implementation of buffer zones (setback lines). Foregoing land-use opportunities in coastal regions and protecting coasts is costly, but so is damage caused by inundation and storm erosion. Defining appropriate setback lines for land-use planning purposes is a balancing act. It is however unclear what level of protection is facilitated by current approaches for defining setback lines, and whether this is, at least from an economic perspective, sufficient. In this paper, we present an economic model to determine which setback lines would be optimal from an economic perspective. The results provide a useful reference point in the political debate about the acceptability of risk in coastal zones. The main conclusions are (i) that it is useful to define setback lines on the basis of their exceedance probabilities, (ii) that the exceedance probability of an economically efficient setback line will typically be in the order of magnitude of 1/100 per year, (iii) that it is important to distinguish between situations in which morphological conditions are stationary and non-stationary, and (iv) that long-term uncertainties (e.g. due to climate change) influence the exceedance probability of efficient setback lines but only to a limited extent.

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David Hilling. "Cityports, coastal zones and regional changes." Journal of Transport Geography 6, no. 1 (March 1998): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6923(98)90039-4.

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Mannke, Franziska. "Global Change and Baltic Coastal Zones." Journal of Baltic Studies 43, no. 3 (September 2012): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2012.702876.

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Druzhinin, Alexander G., Tatyana Yu Kuznetsova, and Andrey S. Mikhaylov. "Coastal zones of modern Russia: delimitation, parametrization, identification of determinants and vectors of Eurasian dynamics." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-81.

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The resource potential of the oceans has historically had a fundamental impact on the development and spatial organization of mankind. The role of the «marine factor» in economic activity and the formation of settlement systems has increased even more in the modern period, including in Russia, which has long sea coasts that fulfill the country’s most important transport, communication, economic and resource, residential and military infrastructure functions. Since the mid2000s, in Russia there has been a steady increase in foreign trade activity and the marine economy. The author summarizes and develops theoretical concepts created in Russian science about the functions, boundaries, structure of coastal zones as special geographical areas. Based on GIS analysis and the study of a vast array of demographic and economic statistics, the coastal zone of post-Soviet Russia was delimited. Particular attention is paid to the innovative potential of coastal zones, the features of its localization and formation. It is shown that coastal zones and large cities act as a significant environment for building cross-border interactions in the scientific and innovative sphere. The author argues that a further «shift to the sea» of economic activity and the population of Russia is inevitable. It is provoked by geo-economic and geopolitical changes in modern Eurasia which include the processes of integration and disintegration in the Baltic, Black Sea basin, and the Caspian region, the intensification of geopolitical rivalry in the Arctic, and implementation of the Chinese initiative «One Belt - one Road». However, the development of the country’s coastal zones will be unstable, not universal and will be accompanied by a further concentration of socio-economic potential in the few leading coastal centers - St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Sochi, Vladivostok, Kaliningrad, Makhachkala, etc.

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Leone, Federica, and Corrado Zoppi. "Local Development and Protection of Nature in Coastal Zones: A Planning Study for the Sulcis Area (Sardinia, Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 5095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185095.

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In 2008, the Council of the European Union adopted the “Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management” (ICZM Protocol), then ratified by Decision No. 2010/631/EU. The ICZM Protocol defines integrated coastal zone management as a dynamic and flexible process that accounts for the relations between coastal ecosystems and landscape as well as the activities and the uses that characterize coastal areas. Integrated management of coastal zones is still a critical process in terms of translating theory into practice. In this theoretical framework, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) helps to improve decision-making processes related to coastal spatial planning by integrating development goals and sustainability criteria. This study proposes a methodological approach concerning ICZM-based decision-making processes at the local level. The methodology is implemented in relation to three case studies concerning three towns located in southwest Sardinia. The results show a general consistency between the analyzed plans in terms of objectives and themes. Three specific issues are particularly relevant in terms of integration of economic and social objectives and sustainability goals, that is, relations between beach services and coastal ecosystems, protection of coastal ecosystems, and accessibility to the coastal zones.

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tho Pesch, Sebastian. "Coastal State Jurisdiction around Installations: Safety Zones in the Law of the Sea." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 30, no. 3 (July 9, 2015): 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341361.

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As human activities in the oceans increase, so does the number of maritime installations. To avoid collisions, installations are surrounded by safety zones, where the coastal State enjoys some jurisdiction. Safety zones have to be respected by all ships. However, technical advancements and economic feasibility have made it possible for installations and their surrounding safety zones to occupy large areas of sea; see, e.g., offshore wind farms, which were previously open to the international community. This article argues for a restrictive understanding of the coastal State’s jurisdiction, based on the purpose of the safety zone regime.

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Cuite, Cara L., Rachael L. Shwom, William K. Hallman, Rebecca E. Morss, and Julie L. Demuth. "Improving Coastal Storm Evacuation Messages." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0076.1.

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Abstract Evacuation before severe coastal storms is a critical tool for keeping coastal residents safe. Effective messaging of evacuations could help save lives, but there is little evidence-based guidance on the advantages or disadvantages of specific messaging. Ideally, evacuation messages would convince those most at risk to evacuate and those who do not need to evacuate to stay in their homes. Using an online survey of 1716 coastal residents in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, this study randomly assigned respondents to message conditions in each of two hypothetical storm scenarios. Results from the first scenario indicate that those who saw mandatory evacuation messages had higher evacuation intentions than those who saw advisory messages, and both of those messages resulted in slightly higher evacuation intentions than voluntary evacuation messages. However, voluntary messages resulted in lower evacuation intentions for those that did not live in evacuation zones compared to those who did live in evacuation zones, which may help reduce shadow evacuation. In the second scenario, identifying an evacuation area by the municipality name or the individual’s street name resulted in similar evacuation intentions across all participants. Messages identifying an evacuation area by “flood zone” or “flood-prone area” resulted in equally high evacuation intentions for those who believe they live in a flood zone, but these messages suppressed evacuation intentions for those who do not believe they live in a flood zone. This indicates that such messages could also be an effective approach for reducing shadow evacuation. Implications for risk communicators and emergency managers are discussed.

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Fennel, Katja, and Jeremy M. Testa. "Biogeochemical Controls on Coastal Hypoxia." Annual Review of Marine Science 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095138.

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Aquatic environments experiencing low-oxygen conditions have been described as hypoxic, suboxic, or anoxic zones; oxygen minimum zones; and, in the popular media, the misnomer “dead zones.” This review aims to elucidate important aspects underlying oxygen depletion in diverse coastal systems and provides a synthesis of general relationships between hypoxia and its controlling factors. After presenting a generic overview of the first-order processes, we review system-specific characteristics for selected estuaries where adjacent human settlements contribute to high nutrient loads, river-dominated shelves that receive large inputs of fresh water and anthropogenic nutrients, and upwelling regions where a supply of nutrient-rich, low-oxygen waters generates oxygen minimum zones without direct anthropogenic influence. We propose a nondimensional number that relates the hypoxia timescale and water residence time to guide the cross-system comparison. Our analysis reveals the basic principles underlying hypoxia generation in coastal systems and provides a framework for discussing future changes.

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Massoud, May A., Mark D. Scrimshaw, and John N. Lester. "Integrated coastal zone and river basin management: a review of the literature, concepts and trends for decision makers." Water Policy 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 519–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0034.

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River management has frequently been associated with water supply and resource management, whereas coastal zone management has been more concerned with marine resource management and physical planning. Recognizing the close connection between the river and its catchment area has led to a more integrated approach to river basin management, taking into account water quality along with quantity. Similarly, recognition of the importance of integrated management of the coastal zone as a move towards achieving sustainable development, has led to integrated coastal zone management, with expansion of the domain in both landward and seaward directions. Considering the intrinsic link through physical and ecological structure as well as related physical and biological processes, any modification in a river basin will ultimately affect the coastal zone. Land-based activities, rivers, estuaries, coastal zones and marine environments are all inherently interlinked. As such, an integrated approach to the concomitant management of coastal zones and river basins is crucial. This paper provides an overview of various concepts, approaches and strategies to integrated coastal zone and river basin management. It points out lessons that could be learned from previous and ongoing projects. The paper provides a starting point for investigating how changes in land use and management of river basins might have an impact on the quality of river water and the corresponding coastal zone through scrutinization of management tools and implementation instruments. The paper identifies a requirement further to develop tools which will assist in evaluating current and future environmental conditions at a river/estuary/sea interface within a rigorous framework.

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Montgomery, Marilyn C., and Jayajit Chakraborty. "Social Vulnerability to Coastal and Inland Flood Hazards." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013070104.

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Previous research on exposure to flood hazards suggests that individuals characterized by low social vulnerability are more likely to reside in coastal flood hazard zones than individuals of higher social vulnerability, but few studies have examined if similar exposure patterns can be observed in inland flood hazard zones. This paper examines differences in environmental justice implications between coastal and inland flood hazard zones in Tampa Bay, Florida, based on implementation and comparison of five different GIS-based interpolation methods. The results of the authors’ study indicate that individuals with traits of low social vulnerability are more likely to reside within either coastal or inland flood hazard zones than areas outside flood zones, and socially vulnerable individuals are more likely to reside within inland flood zones than coastal. They also observe that choice of spatial interpolation method does not significantly affect which socio-demographic groups are most exposed to coastal and inland flood hazards.

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Nyatuame, M., V. Owusu-Gyimah, and F. Ampiaw. "Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Trend for Volta Region in Ghana." International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 2014 (October 19, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/203245.

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Climate change is global in nature, but potential changes are not expected to be globally uniform; rather, there may be dramatic regional differences. Considerable effort should be invested to understand climate change at the regional level. The study was conducted to establish the rainfall trends in Volta Region and also to provide the evidence of climate change by analyzing available rainfall record for 30-year period of 1981 to 2011. Records of monthly and yearly rainfall were obtained from the headquarters of Ghana Meteorological Department, Accra, for analysis. The region was grouped into three zones characteristic of the whole country, namely, coastal zone, middle zone, and northern zone, respectively. Graphs were constructed to illustrate the changing trends within the months and years of the zones. Statistical analysis (i.e., LSD, ANOVA) was performed to assess any significant difference among the three zones and within the months and years under study. Significant differences were observed among the three zones. Northern zone recorded the highest precipitation followed by the middle zone and lastly the coastal zone. However the rainfall trends within the aforementioned zones were oscillatory. The highest annual mean rainfall was 202.6 mm and the lowest was 29.9 mm. Linear regression analysis revealed upward and downward trend in the data in some months and years in the mentioned zones but statistically insignificant.

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Finkl, Charles W. "Coastal Zones: Solutions for the 21st Century." Journal of Coastal Research 32, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-16a-00002.1.

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Litvinskaya, Svetlana. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM AZOV-BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONES." Астраханский вестник экологического образования 19, no. 1 (2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36698/2304-5957-2020-19-1-38-44.

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Bouma, Jan Jaap. "Water management in coastal zones and deltas." Journal of Cleaner Production 15, no. 16 (November 2007): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.033.

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Fagherazzi, Sergio, Giovanna Nordio, Keila Munz, Daniele Catucci, and William S. Kearney. "Variations in Persistence and Regenerative Zones in Coastal Forests Triggered by Sea Level Rise and Storms." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172019.

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Retreat of coastal forests in relation to sea level rise has been widely documented. Recent work indicates that coastal forests on the Delmarva Peninsula, United States, can be differentiated into persistence and regenerative zones as a function of sea-level rise and storm events. In the lower persistence zone trees cannot regenerate because of frequent flooding and high soil salinity. This study aims to verify the existence of these zones using spectral remote sensing data, and determine whether the effect of large storm events that cause damage to these forests can be detected from satellite images. Spectral analysis confirms a significant difference in average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) values in the proposed persistence and regenerative zones. Both NDVI and NDWI indexes decrease after storms triggering a surge above 1.3 m with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). NDWI values decrease more, suggesting that this index is better suited to detect the effect of hurricanes on coastal forests. In the regenerative zone, both NDVI and NDWI values recover three years after a storm, while in the persistence zone the NDVI and NDWI values keep decreasing, possibly due to sea level rise causing vegetation stress. As a result, the forest resilience to storms in the persistence zone is lower than in the regenerative zone. Our findings corroborate the ecological ratchet model of coastal forest disturbance.

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Yi, Lin, Jing Qian, Muhammadjon Kobuliev, Pengpeng Han, and Jun Li. "Dynamic Evaluation of the Impact of Human Interference during Rapid Urbanisation of Coastal Zones: A Case Study of Shenzhen." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062254.

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Coastal ecosystems undergoing rapid urbanisation have characteristics of both natural and artificial ecosystems. How we evaluate the dynamic impact of human activities on coastal ecosystems is important for coastal zone management and development. In this study, we first developed a method to extract both the natural and artificial features of coastal land cover, and classified the coastal landscapes impacted by human activities from an ecological service perspective. We then constructed an ecological interference index for classification to evaluate the impact of coastal human interference on both artificial and natural ecosystems during rapid urbanisation. Lastly, we verified our method by applying it to the coastal zone in Shenzhen, China. Our results show that this method can describe the effects of human activities on coastal zones in more detail. The distribution of human activity was mainly associated with the geomorphology of the coastal zone. Changes in human interference were seen strongly in proximity to both the landward and coastal boundaries of the study area, in close correlation with the public’s increasing conscience for ecological environment protection.

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Juan, Hsiang-Lan, Tai-Wen Hsu, Yuan-Jyh Lan, Yue-Chen Lin, and Ching-Jer Huang. "A STUDY OF ADAPTATION CAPACITY OF COASTAL DISASTERS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN SOUTHWEST AREA OF TAIWAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 15, 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.management.10.

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The adaptive capacity of coastal disasters caused by climate change in order to strengthen southwestern Taiwan against natural calamities in the future is investigated in this paper. In Taiwan, the coastal zone suffers from approximately four typhoons each year, and the exceptionally high sea levels caused by storm surges frequently results in coastal disasters and hinders the development of the coastal area. The problems of rising sea levels and frequent typhoons induced by climate change have threatened the Taiwanese coastal environments. These influences as well as serious land subsidence upon a scenario year were carried out in the coastal areas near the cities of Chiayi and Tainan in Taiwan. The present study focuses on the construction of the disaster characteristics on Chiayi and Tainan Coasts, model establishment for situation analysis of water environmental factors, impact estimation and indefinite analysis on disasters, and vulnerability and risk estimation of coastal disasters. An understanding of the marine and meteorological characteristics in coastal zones is conducive to raising the efficiency of the defense against coastal disasters. These results could provide useful information to establish strategies to implement as well as how to analyze the benefits of such a program.

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Mosman, Jesse D., Christopher J. Henderson, Andrew D. Olds, Ben L. Gilby, and Thomas A. Schlacher. "Seascape connectivity exerts differing effects for fish assemblages in distinct habitats of the surf zones of ocean beaches." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa018.

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Abstract Animals move throughout coastal seascapes to disperse, feed, and spawn, including the surf zones of ocean beaches. Yet, the influences of seascape context on surf-zone fish are largely unquantified. We sampled surf-zone fish assemblages with baited remote underwater video deployments at 25 beaches across 50 km of coastline in eastern Australia to determine if variation in the spatial configuration of broader coastal seascapes shapes fish assemblages in different surf-zone habitats. We show that surf zones are not homogenous fish habitats, with offshore bars and nearshore troughs having distinct fish assemblages, shaped by different environmental variables. Fish assemblages of offshore bars were characterized by greater species richness and a higher abundance of indicator species (as identified by Dufrene–Legendre indicator species analysis) when close to rocky reefs and estuaries. In contrast, fish assemblages of nearshore troughs were characterized by greater species richness and a higher abundance of indicator species when far from estuaries, and off wider beaches. Our results highlight the importance of seascape connectivity in structuring surf-zone fish assemblages. Consequently, management approaches need to more thoroughly quantify the effects of seascape connectivity over smaller spatial scales and consider surf zones as key components of broader coastal habitat mosaics.

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Chen, Yuanying, Guillaume Vigouroux, Arvid Bring, Vladimir Cvetkovic, and Georgia Destouni. "Dominant Hydro-Climatic Drivers of Water Temperature, Salinity, and Flow Variability for the Large-Scale System of the Baltic Coastal Wetlands." Water 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2019): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030552.

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For the large-scale coastal wetland system of the Baltic Sea, this study develops a methodology for investigating if and to what degree the variability and changes in certain hydro-climatic drivers control key coastal–marine physical conditions. The studied physical conditions include: (a) water temperature, (b) water salinity, and (c) flow structures (magnitudes and directions of flows between marine basins and the associated coastal zones and wetlands). We use numerical simulations of three hydro-climatically distinct cases to investigate the variations in hydro-climatic drivers and the resulting physical conditions (a–c) among the cases. The studied hydro-climatic forcing variables are: net surface heat flux, wind conditions, saltwater influx from the North Sea, and freshwater runoff from land. For these variables, the available observation-based data show that the total runoff from land is significantly and positively correlated with precipitation on the sea itself, and negatively correlated with saltwater influx from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Overall, the physical condition (a–c) variability in the Baltic Sea and its coastal zones is found to be pairwise well-explained by simulation case differences as follows: (a) Net heat flux is a main control of sea water temperature. (b) Runoff from land, along with the correlated salt water influx from the North Sea, controls average sea salinity; with the variability of local river discharges shifting some coastal zones to deviate from the average sea condition. (c) Wind variability and change control the Baltic Sea flow structure, primarily in terms of flow magnitude and less so in terms of flow direction. For specific coastal wetland zones, considerable salinity differences from average Baltic Sea conditions (due to variability in local river discharges) are found for the coasts of Finland and Estonia, while the coastal wetland zones of south-eastern Sweden, and of Estonia and Latvia, emerge as particularly sensitive to wind shifts.

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Liu, Dahai, and Wenxiu Xing. "Analysis of China’s coastal zone management reform based on land-sea integration." Marine Economics and Management 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maem-03-2019-0001.

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Purpose After the 19th CPC national congress, Chinese Communist Party and the government put forward higher requirements for the development of coastal zones, and it is urgent to establish an integrated coastal zone management system, so as to better guarantee the construction of maritime powers and regional coordinated development. The purpose of this paper is to aim at re-examining and positioning China’s integrated coastal zone management. Design/methodology/approach This paper sorts out the current situation of coastal zone resources and environment, summarizes prominent problems and clarifies the path of comprehensive management of coastal zone based on the typicality and comprehensiveness of coastal ecosystem. Findings Coastal zone is a typical area of “life community shared among mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grass.” However, there are three prominent problems at present, namely, separation between land and sea, separation among industry sectors and separation among administrative jurisdictions. Coastal zone planning and legislation are important measures to realize the comprehensive management of coastal zone. Originality/value This paper puts forward some suggestions on the reform of coastal zone management from the perspective of planning and legislation.

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Yuan, Wei, and Yen-Chiang Chang. "Land and Sea Coordination: Revisiting Integrated Coastal Management in the Context of Community Interests." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158183.

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At present, the ecological environment and resources of the global coastal zones are facing great pressures. Climate change leads to sea level rise, environmental change, stressful population increases and changes in demographics, all of which affect existing coastal management systems. Therefore, all coastal countries begin to increasingly attach importance to the integrated management of coastal zones. How to better adapt to current changes in global coastal zones is a question that every coastal country should think about. From sea- and land-partitioned management to land and sea coordination and from simple coastal management to the integration of the ecological environment and society, integrated management has been planned from many perspectives and levels. It plays a role in promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

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., B. L. Narasayya. "COASTAL ZONES – SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AN ANALYSIS FROM EAST COAST OF INDIA." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 28 (December 25, 2014): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0328018.

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Shin, Eun Chul, Sung Hwan Kim, Abdul Hakam, and Bambang Istijono. "Erosion problems of shore line and counter measurement by various geomaterials." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926501010.

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Coastal regions are vulnerable to erosion and depletion of land areas for human habitation and economic activities. A description of various types of the hydraulic structures associated in erosion protection applications are provided. Recently, because of the shortage of natural rock, traditional forms of river and coastal structures have become very expensive to build and maintain. Therefore, the materials used in hydraulic and coastal structures are changing from the traditional rubble and concrete systems to the cheaper materials and systems. Erosion problems in coastal zones are become increasingly serious due to the development of artificial activities related to the expansion of city functions, industrial complexes and harbour facilities, as well as the removal of sea sand for use in aggregate resources at the construction sites, which is a major factor in the inflow and outflow of sea sand. In addition, the environmental and economical importance of the coastal beach zones is increased. However, coastal beach zones are constantly eroded by waves accompanied with the rising water level due to storm surges, hurricanes, winter storm impact, and high tide. This erosion motion accelerates the regression of the coastal cliff due to the regression of the dunes or the shoreline. In addition, the regression leads to loss of real estate in the hinterland and ruins the shock-absorbing zone between land and sea. The application benefits for erosion protection are discussed. Several case studies are included.

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Tretiak, V., T. Kravchuk, and O. Yusipenko. "Evolution of methodology of land use formation of water protection zones and coastal strips." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2020.226621.

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The authors of the article aim to study the evolutionary changes in methodological approaches to the formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips. As a result, four phases of land use development of water protection zones and coastal strips are considered. In particular those which took place in the following periods: 1950–1970, 1970–1990, 1990 to the present, and it is also noted that the fourth phase (period) is coming. The essence of it is to create a system of land use (formation and management) of water protection zones and coastal strips, based on environmental and socially-oriented management and institutional government support. The authors note that one of the most important principles is a comprehensive approach to the formation and management of protected land use of water protection zones and coastal strips. For this, one of the first attempts to generalize international and national experience in the development of an integrated approach is presented. And also a variety of factors that to the greatest extent accelerated the development of an integrated approach to the formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal zones with different levels of economic development.The authors found that the sustainable (balanced) development of land use in water protection zones and coastal zones requires solving a number of problems, which in turn are divided according to their scale. In particular, global (affects the interests of the population of the whole Earth), regional (determine the conditions of development of individual regions) and local (determine the conditions of development of specific cities, towns, territorial communities). The ratio of scales and priorities of different disciplines in the system of complex formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips is also presented, which allowed the main problems to be conditionally divided into: nature protection (or, also called — ecological); natural, social and economic. It is noted that the relationship between the level of management and the scale and priority of the problem is a methodological basis for building a vertical structure of integrated formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips

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Δελημάνη, Π., and Γ. Ξειδάκης. "ENGINEERING GEOLOGY PROBLEMS OF THE COASTAL ZONE AROUND ANCIENT ABDERA, XANTHI, N. GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16902.

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The main engineering geology problems of the coastal zone around Ancient Abdera together with their causes are examined in this paper. The area studied extends from the coastal settlement of Mirodatc» up to the coastal settlement of Mandra, Xanhti prefecture, N. Greece. A geomorphology classification of coasts of the area is presented and maps of the ground inclination and geotechnical zone are constructed. The main geotechnical problems of the area appear to be: inundation of much of the area during winter period; foundation settlement; shallow water table; pollution of the groundwater and arbitrary construction in environmentally protected zones. The area of study gets special interest due to its continues human habitation since the 8 th B.C. century. As it has come but from archaeological and sentimentology studies, the Abdera bay has suffered (long shore bar) and land (torrents, load) results in quick filling in the ancient harbors, making them in navigable and forcing the habitants to more their harborworks further south to deeper sea water.

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P. de Alencar, Natália M., Martin Le Tissier, Shona K. Paterson, and Alice Newton. "Circles of Coastal Sustainability: A Framework for Coastal Management." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124886.

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The coastal zone is a space where many social, economic, and political activities intersect with natural processes. In this paper, we present an adaptation of the method of ‘Circles of Sustainability’, used to provide a visual assessment of indicators that define sustainability profiles for cities. It is used as a basis for a ‘Circles of Coastal Sustainability’ (CCS) framework that can be used at multiple spatial scales to assess indicators of critical processes that facilitate/constrain sustainability of the world’s coastal zones. The development of such a framework can support management by identifying key features that influence environmental sustainability and human well-being. CCS presents a holistic assessment of four interdependent boundary domains: Environment and Ecology, Social and Cultural, Economics, and Governance and Policy. This approach improves its utility and usability for decision-makers and researchers. CCS adds to existing assessment frameworks that are often focused on particular themes and/or domains that confine their utility to the context of sustainable development and the UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, which demand an inherently holistic and integrated evaluation. CCS is a holistic framework designed to assess the boundaries to sustainability for socio-ecological systems at multiple scales for the world’s coasts.

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Pellatt, Marlow G., Rolf W. Mathewes, and Ian R. Walker. "Pollen analysis and ordination of lake sediment-surface samples from coastal British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-090.

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Surficial sediment samples from 42 lakes, distributed from sea level to alpine elevations of coastal British Columbia and northwest Washington, were analyzed for pollen and spores. Pollen analysis revealed characteristic differences among the assemblages of the Coastal Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, and Engelmann Spruce – Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zones (the Alpine zone is less clearly identifiable). Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) correctly group the sites according to their biogeoclimatic zones and also by geographic origin. DCA indicates a high correlation between the biogeoclimatic zones of the sample sites and annual precipitation (−0.89), January temperature (−0.77), annual temperature (−0.64), and growing-season precipitation (−0.68). Further analysis of the samples and eight environmental gradients using canonical correspondence analysis groups the pollen assemblages from the study sites into biogeoclimatic zones in relation to annual precipitation, growing-season precipitation, annual snowfall, annual temperature, and growing degree-days. These data are useful for testing whether or not postglacial pollen assemblages have modern analogues. Key words: modern pollen analysis, vegetation, ordination, multivariate statistical analysis, biogeoclimatic zones, British Columbia.

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Isla, José Alejandro, and Ricardo Anadón. "Mesozooplankton size-fractionated metabolism and feeding off NW Spain during autumn: effects of a poleward current." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.03.014.

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Abstract Two consecutive cruises were carried out off NW Spain in October 1999 in an attempt to obtain information on the poleward current that affects the hydrodynamics of this area during autumn and winter. The stations sampled were divided into three zones: coastal (C), between the saline intrusion and the coast; poleward current (P), where salinity at 100-m depth was >35.85; and oceanic (O), outside the poleward current. Phytoplankton biomass, integrated through the photic zone, was similar for the three zones. Conversely, mesozooplankton biomass showed high spatial variation, with the lowest values associated with the high-salinity current. There was a decreasing trend in the relative importance of the biomass of the largest size class (>1000 μm) from coastal to oceanic zones. The lowest percentages of both Chl a and primary production ingested daily by copepods were measured at the poleward current stations. Specific metabolic rates were not significantly different between zones. The total amount of carbon respired and the NH4 and PO4 released were highest in coastal areas and lowest within the poleward current, in agreement with the pattern observed for mesozooplankton biomass. Diel vertical migrations were more marked in the coastal areas, decreasing gradually towards the oceanic stations. The role of mesozooplankton in promoting the flux of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus followed the same spatial distribution. Overall, the contribution of mesozooplankton to biogeochemical cycles seems to be minor in the poleward current compared to the other two zones, possibly as a consequence of the low biomass associated with this current.

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Coelho, Carlos, Raquel Silva, Fernando Veloso-Gomes, and Francisco Taveira-Pinto. "Potential effects of climate change on northwest Portuguese coastal zones." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 7 (May 14, 2009): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp132.

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Abstract Coelho, C., Silva, R., Veloso-Gomes, F., and Taveira-Pinto, F. 2009. Potential effects of climate change on northwest Portuguese coastal zones. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1497–1507. Coastal erosion is a common problem in Europe; a result of the dynamic nature of its coastal zones, of anthropogenic influences, such as coastal interventions and littoral occupation, and of the effects of climate change. The increase in the occurrence of extreme events, the weakening of river-sediment supplies, and the general acceleration of sea level rise (SLR) probably tends to aggravate coastal erosion on decadal time-scales. Describing vulnerability and risk patterns for energetic environmental actions is important for coastal planning and management to rationalize the decision-making process. To minimize negative effects, the various processes causing erosion must be understood to assess the possible prediction scenarios for coastal evolution in the medium to long term. This paper describes the application of a coastal (shoreline evolution) numerical model to a stretch of the Portuguese coast to determine the effects of various scenarios of wave action and SLR that might result from climate change over the next 25 years. We conclude that the effects of SLR are less important than changes in wave action. The numerical model was also applied in a generic situation to compare shoreline evolution with and without anthropogenic intervention.

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Ahamed, Akkas, Md Harun-Or-Rashid, and Md Sayedur Rahman. "A critical study on the eastern coastal zone of Bangladesh: Policy Implication for development." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): e8659109037. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9037.

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Coastal Zone is an area where ocean, land, and environment interact with one another; therefore, it is lively and varied in nature. The coastal zones in Bangladesh is being frequently attacked by cyclones, storm surge, sea level rise, which have affected terribly this low lying coastal zone. The multifaceted coastal zone prerequisites all-inclusive integrated approaches to manage. This study aims to identify the background of the socio-economic problems of the people of coastal zone particularly in the eastern belt. It also discusses the various problems along the coastal areas, and the rationality of coastal governance and management for sustainable development, framework for solving the coastal issues in the eastern zone, climate change and environmental impacts, and policy recommendations for coastal development and management so as to adapt climate change vulnerability (Ahmad, 2019). However, no socio-economic development policy has been taken so far for the coastal people who are the extreme victims of the climate change, natural calamities, typhoons and torpedoes. This study has been done on the basis of both primary and secondary sources of data. The authors of this research have exchanged views with the people living in the eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh to know about the socio-economic condition.

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Coelho, Carlos, Pedro Narra, Bárbara Marinho, and Márcia Lima. "Coastal Management Software to Support the Decision-Makers to Mitigate Coastal Erosion." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010037.

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There are no sequential and integrated approaches that include the steps needed to perform an adequate management and planning of the coastal zones to mitigate coastal erosion problems and climate change effects. Important numerical model packs are available for users, but often looking deeply to the physical processes, demanding big computational efforts and focusing on specific problems. Thus, it is important to provide adequate tools to the decision-makers, which can be easily interpreted by populations, promoting discussions of optimal intervention scenarios in medium to long-term horizons. COMASO (coastal management software) intends to fill this gap, presenting a group of tools that can be applied in standalone mode, or in a sequential order. The first tool should map the coastal erosion vulnerability and risk, also including the climate change effects, defining a hierarchy of priorities where coastal defense interventions should be performed, or limiting/constraining some land uses or activities. In the locations identified as priorities, a more detailed analysis should consider the application of shoreline and cross-shore evolution models (second tool), allowing discussing intervention scenarios, in medium to long-term horizons. After the defined scenarios, the design of the intervention should be discussed, both in case of being a hard coastal structure or an artificial nourishment (third type of tools). Finally, a cost-benefit assessment tool should optimize the decisions, forecasting costs and benefits for each different scenario, through definition of economic values to the interventions and to the land/services/ecosystems, weighting all the environmental, cultural, social and historical aspects. It is considered that COMASO tools can help giving answers to the major problems of the coastal planning and management entities, integrating transversal knowledge in risk assessment, physical processes, engineering and economic evaluations. The integrated coastal zone management needs these tools to ensure sustainable coastal zones, mitigating erosion and climate change effects.

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Panigrahi, Jitendra K., and Pratap K. Mohanty. "Effectiveness of the Indian coastal regulation zones provisions for coastal zone management and its evaluation using SWOT analysis." Ocean & Coastal Management 65 (September 2012): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.04.023.

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Harvey, Nick. "Strategic environmental assessment in coastal zones, especially Australia's." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 18, no. 3 (September 2000): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154600781767358.

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Mili, Salwa. "Instant Cities on the Wet Coastal Zones-Tunisia." Procedia Environmental Sciences 34 (2016): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.046.

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Freeman, Brian, Bahram Gharabaghi, Jesse Thé, Mohammad Munshed, Shah Faisal, Meshal Abdullah, and Athari Al Aseed. "Mapping air quality zones for coastal urban centers." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 67, no. 5 (March 20, 2017): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1265025.

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Sanchez, Antonio J., and Salvador F. Farreras. "Tsunami flooding extension for coastal zones of Mexico." Marine Geodesy 11, no. 2-3 (January 1987): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15210608709379555.

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Escudero Castillo, Mireille, Edgar Mendoza Baldwin, Rodolfo Silva Casarin, Gregorio Posada Vanegas, and Maritza Arganis Juaréz. "Characterization of Risks in Coastal Zones: A Review." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 40, no. 9 (September 2012): 894–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100679.

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Fleming, S., T. Jordan, M. Madden, E. L. Usery, and R. Welch. "GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 64, no. 2 (March 2009): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004.

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Lessa, Douglas V. O., Thiago P. Santos, Igor M. Venancio, Ana Claudia A. Santarosa, Edmundo C. dos Santos Junior, Felipe A. L. Toledo, Karen B. Costa, and Ana Luiza S. Albuquerque. "Eccentricity-induced expansions of Brazilian coastal upwelling zones." Global and Planetary Change 179 (August 2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.05.002.

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Ismail, Nabil, Moheb Iskander, and Walid El-Sayed. "ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL FLOODING AT SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN WITH GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR LOWLAND COASTAL ZONES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 28, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.83.

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This paper presents an assessment of the performance of a shoreline revetment; M. Ali Seawall, placed to protect the land behind against flooding and overtopping at coastal site, within Abu Qir Bay, East of Alexandria along the Nile Delta coast. Coastal zone management of the bay coastline is of utmost significance to the protection of the low agricultural land and the industrial complex located in the rear side of the seawall under the current and progressive effects of climate change. The latest storm in December 2010, which hit the Nile Delta and which was the severest in the last decades showed that generated surges, up to 1.0 m as well as a maximum of 7.5 m wave height in the offshore of Alexandria presented a major natural hazard in coastal zones in terms of wave run up and overtopping. The storm, fortunately, resulted in a partial and modest flooding of the zone behind the seawall particularly in the beach segment, located in the middle of the seawall. This research project aims to the design review of the seawall which was first constructed in 1830 to protect the lowland agricultural area, 2.0 m below mean sea level, and was rehabilitated in 1981 as part of the Master Plan of the Nile Delta Coastal Zone Management. The seawall was further upgraded in 2009; one year before the 2010 storm. The paper will give an overview of the seawall design and its upgrades and the current conducted hydrodynamic analyses to estimate wave height distributions, wave run up and overtopping over the seawall and its beach segment. Use has been made of the in-house modified ImSedTran-2D model as well as universal design standards as EurOtop (2008). Based on the results for worst design scenarios, recommendations are given to increase the height of the seawall cap, to strengthen the beach top and back slope with a facility to drain storm water to increase coastal resilience behind the seawall. Comparison of the predicted overtopping with the observed wave overtopping volumes during the 8hrs-2010 storm, allowed the verification of the used universal design tools. Impact of precise estimate of storm and barometric surge as well as seawall armor roughness and shapes on overtopping rates are highlighted.

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Strutsinska, Olena. "Landscape and soils of coastal areas of Dniester estuary." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2014): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1242.

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This article reveals landscape and soils characteristics of coastal areas of the Dniester estuary. Peculiar emphasis is made on the connection established between landscape- and soil formation processes and composition of soils allocated on different hypsometric levels of “coast-to-shore” zone of the estuary. Key words: Dniester estuary, coast-to-shore zones, landscape, soil formation, soils.

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Tsaplina, A. M. "Ecological and Legal Problems of the Formation and Functioning of Water Protection Zones." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.124.3.177-184.

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The paper reveals the content of "protection of water bodies" concept, giving particular attention to the consideration of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones as one of the legal mechanisms for the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation. The author analyses of the peculiarities of the legal regime of water protection zones of the Soviet and current Russian legislation. Based on the current legislation and current judicial practice, the author considers the characteristics of the legal regime of the above mentioned zones and some problems of compliance with the regime (for example, violation of the legal regime of the water protection zone due to the absence of information signs on the ground), which one has to face in practice. In this regard, the author gives special attention to the need to inform nature users and increase their level of ecological culture. The author concludes that there is some inconsistency of the current water legislation in the context of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones with the ecosystem approach in nature management. The formally envisaged legal regulation creates only the appearance of effective mechanisms for water protection.

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Li, Xue Ying, Bin Li, Xing Li Sun, and Hui Li Sun. "Effects of Thermal Discharge from a Coastal Power Plant on Phytoplankton in Zhanjiang Bay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.532.

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Effects of thermal discharge from a coastal power plant on phytoplankton community were determined in subtropical Zhanjiang Bay. Two sampling transects were chosen up and down the Zhanjiang Plant in the Zhanjiang Bay, Nine stations were located along the two transects, which were divided into four zones. Monthly boat cruises were undertaken in the bay at spring up here, tide ebb slack, neap rise open and neap tide ebb slack respectively, during the period April-October 2012. Species diversity (H') showed a distinct increasing gradient from the most thermally polluted zone to the healthy zone. The more distinct gradient occurred at spring tide. Species diversity fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns. Evenness showed indistinct gradient from the heated water source to the control zone, and fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns. Species richness, cell count and Chl a concentration at mixed and healthy zones were significantly higher than that at heated zones, with the maximum value recorded at mixed zone, and showed seasonal and tidal changes with no obvious pattern.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coastal zones'

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