Academic literature on the topic 'Coastal zone management Government policy Victoria'

Government policy relies on the balance of economic and environmental conservation activities to achieve sustainable development. In the perspective of legal studies, this study employs normative legal research and empirical legal research methods, particularly descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis method. Cirebon City does not have a Strategic Environmental Assessment regarding coastal development management policy due to lack of Human Resources, institutional and budgetary constraints. Conservation activities are required to maintain the diversity of aquatic biota through habitat rehabilitation as well as flora and fauna preservation. Therefore, potential excavation, potential zone arrangement and formulation concept of coastal zone and small islands management system are conducted through arranging Strategic Environmental Assessment. This is are crucial considering the current condition of Cirebon City’s Coast along 7 (seven) kilometers. Approximately 20% of the coast suffer severe damage. This damage occurs due to people’s behavior who cut down the mangrove trees for their daily needs.Keywords: Strategic Environmental Assessment, Conservation

Banyuwangi Regency is part of the administrative area of East Java Province which has a very potential coastal area to be developed and preserved, including Bangsring Beach. This beach is located in Bangsring Village, Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency which has been developed into a sustainable conservation-based ecotourism known as BUNDER (Bangsring Underwater). Other potential natural resources that have been developed in Bangsring include the Floating House, Coral Garden, and the core zone. This study aims to examine the implementation of coastal area management policies based on sustainable development in the East Java Provincial Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) of East Java Province in 2018-2038. As mandated by Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, the Provincial Government is given the authority by the Central Government to manage the coast and small islands together with the local Regency Government. By using qualitative research methods, this study concludes that there are 2 supporting capacities in implementing sustainable development-based coastal area management policies at Bangsring Beach, namely Regulatory Supporting Capacity and Non-Regulatory Supporting Capacity. The carrying capacity of the regulation is marked by the clarity of the regulations written in the East Java Provincial Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) of East Java Province for 2018-2038. While the non-regulatory support capacity consists of human resources and socio-economic conditions in Bangsring Village, Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency. There are 4 (four) sustainability in developing the coastal potential of Bangsring Beach in Bangsring Village, Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency, namely ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability and political sustainability. The concept of sustainable development has become the core of the East Java Provincial Regulation Number 1 of 2018 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) of East Java Province in 2018-2038, so that it has an impact on improving the welfare of the people in Banyuwangi Regency. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Coastal Area, Sustainable Development.

This research is based on the phenomenon of low construction in coastal village areas, primarily in relation to the economic development sector. This study was conducted in order to determine the low economic level of coastal rural communities and its abundant natural resources (SDA). The government has already issued a public policy related to economic empowerment and coastal zone management. However, the coastal village community’s economy remains very low. The qualitative and phenomenological approach was used to obtain the findings about why society in coastal villages is economically low level. The main cause of the economic problem was the lack of ability of the public to capture the business opportunities that existed. In addition, the constant hereditary lifestyle of the coastal people is one of the triggers of their low economic power. There is a lack of distinct empowerment by the government in order to improve their economy. SDA has not been optimally empowering coastal areas by way of the village communities of the coast and there is a lack of village infrastructure. The concrete participation of the local government is expected in relation to the handling of economic empowerment. One solution that can be undertaken is the revamping of public policy related to the development of coastal villages. The completion of the installation program for paving and street lighting is also a priority. The development and empowerment of the economy should be done immediately. Another thing that can be done by the government is the optimisation of the religious and beach tourism there.

The thickly populated coastal region of West Bengal has a unique combination of valuable mineral resources blanketed by mainly medium to fine grained sands, silts and clays and is the focal area for rapid development of societal structure. A number of multi mineral placer deposits existing in the Bakkhali, Sagar and Digha coastal belt of West Bengal are being used up rapidly. There is an urgent need for exploration of mineral resources in these areas. Economic heavy minerals in this coastal area include ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, leucoxene, zircon, monazite, sillimanite and garnet. All these resources are renewable and attention should be given to explore and exploit these deposits which are often available in large quantity. A tremendous resource crunch is inevitable due to constant exploitation of land based resources and thus there is an urgent need to look for resources in the coastal zone and offshore areas. Important processes are energy flows, sunlight, water flow, recycling, temperature, dissolved gas, presence of chemicals, availability of nutrients. The salinity, water condition and visual appearance of the basin is also important. Attention should be paid to develop indigenous technology for exploration and development. The cost effectiveness of tapping the resources should be kept in mind, Monitoring of environmental parameters viz. air, water, soil, noise, vibration, flora, fauna is essential. Analyses and preservation of biodiversity is necessary. The administrative area for management must be a coupled unit of coastal water basins and adjacent shorelines. The objectives of a Coastal Zone Management Programme for the state should be kept in mind to develop a national policy and legislation and ensure integrated approaches to assess and evaluate a sustainable development policy, some of the local and special management plans should be carefully developed. The impact of socioeconomic environment considering the financial, technological and features in decision making should improve the proper planning. Resource utilization, coastal planning and management are critical issues. The existing and projected impacts for future must help the government to enforce decisions based on environmental impact assessmentand improve proper planning.

SUMMARYThe Integrated Coastal Zone Management protocol of the Barcelona Convention sets governance objectives for countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This protocol emphasizes collaborative approaches to acknowledge the role of local people in coastal management. Evaluating the quality of governance processes is critical if coastal zone values are to be effectively managed in times of global climate change. This study examined the structure and attributes of collaborative governance networks in two Mediterranean deltas, the Camargue (France) and Gediz Delta (Turkey). A deliberative social catchment sampling was used to target actors with physical, cultural, social or economic ties. Forty-five different organizations/professions were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to identify the frequency and quality of contacts, information flows, and subject matter relevant to natural resource management. There were higher levels of degree centrality and reciprocal ties in the Camargue, while the Gediz Delta had a greater homogeneity of actors, with one centralized influential actor. Civil society played a greater role in the Camargue network, and government organizations were more central in the Gediz Delta. The differences between the two sites call into question the use of the same integrated management strategies and suggest the need to acknowledge the importance of existing governance models and relationships within local contexts.

Many coastal fisheries are subject to harvesting externalities due to inadequate regulations compounded by limited enforcement. Coastal fisheries in Liberia consist of a fleet of dugout canoes (Kru) primarily targeting demersal finfish, larger open wooden boats propelled with outboard engines targeting small inshore pelagics (Fanti), and a small number of industrial trawlers employing midwater and bottom trawls targeting finfish and shrimp. This paper develops a bio-economic model for the coastal fisheries in Liberia and employs the model to identify economic optimal fishing effort and harvesting trajectories for the different coastal fleets. The results show under harvesting and disinvestments in the coastal fisheries in Liberia. In 2010 the Government of Liberia declared a six nautical mile inshore exclusion zone accessible only to small-scale fisheries (SSF), which was accompanied by increased enforcement. The coastal fleets in 2016 were profitable but the distribution of profits was tilted to the small-scale fleets. The government needs to evaluate what policy options are available to fully utilize the fisheries potential for different species complexes while at the same time reduce the risk of conflict and overharvesting. There appears to be a need for investment in new technologies, which can only take place if fishing in Liberia will remain profitable.

The coastal zone of the Mekong river delta has experienced rapid economic and environmental changes during the last decade. Given the nature of the environment and the level of dependence on the natural resources base, policies for land and water were very influential in this process. The emphasis on rice created an imperative to control saline intrusion, which was realized through the construction of major engineering works over an extended period (1994-2000). The inertia built up by this process led to a divergence between policy and practice, and adversely affected the livelihoods of fishers and of those farmers who live on aquaculture. This prompted the government to rethink the rice-focus policy, in favor of a land and water policy for balanced rice and aquaculture production. This paper describes an analytical process, which was adopted to explore the feasibility of adopting the new policy for the balanced development of both rice and shrimp production and discusses the impact of the new policy on farmers’ livelihoods.

Study project (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine a framework for integrated and sustainable development in the Cape Agulhas area. The researcher focussed on the policy context and the opportunities and constraints for development in the study area. The relevant policy documents concerning development activities in the study area, were analysed. These policies contain key concepts for development. This includes concepts such as sustainable development, equity, public participation, Co-operative Governance and integrated coastal management. Development must aim to realise these concepts and the policies prescribe processes and procedures accordingly. Firstly, coastal management and control is necessary because coastal areas are multidimensional and vulnerable to development activities. Secondly, the inequalities in society as a result of Apartheid must be demolished. Legislation must prescribe active measures to promote equality. Lastly, coastal management and control is necessary to promote cooperation between the different participants for development and to enforce it, if necessary. The main participants for the study areas are Co-operative Governance, the private sector and the local community. The Overberg Distriiet Municipality and the Cape Agulhas Municipality are of utmost importance. Municipalities have been identified as the facilitators for development at local level. They must bring together the different participants for development to co-operative and integrate development actions. Legislation prescribes Integrated Development Planning (IDP) to promote co-operation and integration between participants. It is a strategic planning process and integration is the essence of the process. The IDP process for Cape Agulhas Municipality contains a number of mechanisms for public participation. Opportunities and constrains for development in study area also determine which development activities will be possible or not possible. The unique vegetation presents opportunities for tourism but constrains development because it must be conserved as well. The wildflower industry also offers economic opportunities. Marine resources present opportunities for example fishing and abalone farming. Tourism however is the industry with the greatest development potential for the study area. It can serve as catalyst for the development of the region as a whole. The socio-economic reality of communities in the area and the insufficient physical infrastructure are the main constraining factors for development. The case study focuses on the development priorities for Struisbay/L' Agulhas according to the IDP and the Agulhas CoastCare Project. It is an example of the projects in the study area with the aim to realise the development priorities mentioned above.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om 'n raamwerk vas te stel vir geïntegreerde en volhoubare ontwikkeling in die Kaap Agulhas gebied. Die navorser het gefokus op die beleidskonteks en die geleenthede en beperkinge vir ontwikkeling in die studiegebied. Die relevante beleidsdokumente rakende ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite in die studiegebied, is ontleed. Hierdie beleide bevat sleutelkonsepte vir ontwikkeling. Dit sluit konsepte in soos volhoubare ontwikkeling, gelykheid, publieke deelname, Regering van Samewerking en geïntegreerde kusbestuur. Hierdie konsepte moet nagestreef word en die beleide skryf prosesse en prosedures voor in die verband. Kusbestuur en kontrole is eerstens nodig omdat kusgebiede multi-dimensioneel is en kwesbaar is vir ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite. Tweedens salongelykhede in die samelewing as gevolg van Apartheid nie vanself uitgewis word nie. Wetgewing moet aktiewe stappe voorskryf om gelykheid te bevorder. Laastens is kusbestuur en kontrole nodig om samewerking tussen die verskillende rolspelers in ontwikkeling aan te moedig en af te dwing indien nodig. Die hoof rolspelers vir die studiegebied is die Regering van Samewerking, privaatsektor en die plaaslike gemeenskap. Die Overberg Distriksmunisipaliteit en die Kaap Agulhas Munisipaliteit is veral belangrik. Munisipaliteite is geïdentifiseer as fasiliteerders vir ontwikkeling op plaaslike vlak. Hulle moet die verskillende rolspelers vir ontwikkeling bymekaar bring om samewerking en integrasie van ontwikkelingsaksies te bevorder. Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsbeplanning (GOP) word deur wetgewing voorgeskryf om samewerking en integrasie tussen rolspelers te bevorder. Dit is 'n strategiese beplanningsproses met integrasie wat die kern van die proses vorm. In die GOP proses vir Kaap Agulhas Munisipaliteit is 'n aantal meganismes vir publieke deelname vasgestel. Geleenthede en beperkinge vir ontwikkeling in die studiegebied bepaalook in 'n groot mate watter ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite moontlik sal wees en watter nie. Die unieke plantegroei hou geleenthede in vir toerisme, maar beperk ook ontwikkeling deurdat ditbewaar moet word. Die Veldblomindustrie bied ekonomiese geleenthede. Mariene hulpbronne bied ook geleenthede byvoorbeeld visindustrie en perlemoenboerdery. Toerisme is egter die industrie wat die grootste ontwikkelingspotensiaal inhou vir die studiegebied. Dit kan dien as katalisator vir die ontwikkeling van die gebied as geheel. Die sosio-ekonomiese realiteite van gemeenskappe in die gebied en die gebrekkige fisiese infrastruktuur is die hoofbeperkende faktore vir ontwikkeling. Die gevallestudie fokus op StruisbaaiIL'Agulhas se ontwikkelingsprioriteite uit die GOP, asook die Agulhas CoastCare Projek. Dit is 'n voorbeeld van die projekte in die studiegebied met die doelom die bogenoemde ontwikkelingsprioriteite te realiseer.

This introductory chapter provides a background of California's geography. California's nickname “The Golden State” evokes a distinctive and unusually beautiful natural environment. Throughout its history, California's natural resources have been an important economic asset, with the state benefiting from its mountains of gold and silver, rapidly flowing rivers, thick forests, deposits of oil, and fertile agricultural lands. While its economy has since diversified, California remains the nation's largest agricultural producer and its third-largest oil producer. Compared to all other states as well as the federal government, California has been a national leader in regulatory policymaking on issues ranging from forestry management, scenic land protection, air pollution, and coastal zone management to energy efficiency and global climate change. Its distinctive geography, high degree of citizen mobilization, business support for many environmental measures, and steadily growing administrative capacity have produced a continuous stream of environmental policy innovations in multiple areas over a long period of time. This book draws upon these policies to explain why this particular state has consistently led the United States in adopting new environmental regulations and why being “greener” has become a central part of California's political identity.