Dissertations / Theses: 'Coastal waters'

1

Kratzer, Susanne. "Bio-optical studies of coastal waters." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369789.

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Yung, Kam-shing, and 翁錦誠. "Sediment oxygen demand in coastal waters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234562.

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Yung, Kam-shing. "Sediment oxygen demand in coastal waters /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19667656.

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Sands, Tonia Karen. "Particle-water interactions of Ni and Zn in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2797.

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Samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment were collected from the Humber coastal zone during six seasonal and inter-annual surveys (November 1993 - July 1995) on board RRS Challenger as part of the NERC Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) initiative. Concentrations of Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn, extracted using a 1M HCl digest, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry techniques. Particulate Ni and Zn both exhibited a pronounced seasonal distribution in the Humber coastal zone. Significant metal-salinity relationships were obtained for both metals indicating the Humber Estuary to be a significant source of Nip and Znp to the region. Metal distributions in the coastal zone were influenced by residual flow and tidal range at the mouth of the estuary, as well as wind speed and direction. Estimated fluxes of dissolved and particulate Ni and Zn from the Humber mouth to the North Sea indicated significant seasonal variation for both metals (17-290 kg dayˉ¹ Ni; 34-1737 kg dayˉ¹ Zn) and identified transport in the particulate phase dominant in autumn/winter (61-82 % Ni; 68-92 % Zn) but less significant in spring/summer (2-41 % Ni; 15-72 % Zn). Comparison to estuarine inputs suggested retainment of Ni and Zn within the Estuary. In the Humber mouth and throughout the Plume Nip and Znp concentrations significantly correlated to Fep suggesting uptake onto Fe-oxyhydroxide phases was important. Trace metal settling velocities indicated a significant seasonal variation in the settling of Ni (<1-163 µm sˉ¹) and Zn (2-218 µm sˉ¹) with these metals generally settling slower than the average SPM in winter but at the same rate in spring. Particle-solute interactions of Ni and Zn, investigated using the radioisotopes ⁶³Ni and ⁶⁵zn, indicated significant variation in metal partitioning (Kd) for the SPM end-members of the Humber coastal zone with Ni Kd's varying from 6.7 x 10² for Holderness Cliff material, to 13.0 x 10² for estuarine SPM and up to a maximum of 22 x 10² during spring/summer phytoplankton blooms. These results provide the basis of a consistent seasonal data base of trace metal distributions within the Humber coastal Zone which will substantially contribute to the development and parameterization of a fine sediment transport model for trace metal contaminants in coastal zones.

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Williams, Mark Richard. "Particulate trace metals in British coastal waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1934.

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Key processes affecting the transport of particulate trace metals in the coastal waters of the Irish and North Seas have been examined. Sample collection and experimentation was carried out on board R.R-S. Challenger in January 1992 (Irish Sea) and in December 1992 and November 1993 (North Sea). Particulate samples were digested in IM HCI and the concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined, together with the 206/207Pb isotopic ratio. In the North Eastern Irish Sea the concentrations of suspended particulate trace metals were affected significantly by tidal processes, such that ebb tides transport particles of higher trace metal concentrations from the nearshore, while flood tides transport metal-depleted particles from offshore. This tidally-induced transport was confirmed by complementary 206/207Pb analyses, which showed the value of this technique in particle tracing. In the North Sea suspended particulate trace metal concentrations were higher adjacent to industrialised estuaries and high Pb concentrations were found m the Tyne/Tees region (in the range 200 - 340 ug g-1), in combination with low 206/207Pb suggesting an anthropogenic origin. Estimated fluxes of trace metals from the Humber Estuary to the North Sea were relatively small compared to the PARCOM inputs to the estuary. There was little evidence of interannual variability in these fluxes compared to those obtained in December 1988. Samples of end-members of the Humber Plume particle mixing series (estuary and cliffs) were used in radiochemical uptake studies, which indicated a response time of about 1 day for 109Cd, 137Cs and 65Zn to reach a new equihbrium. When the end-members were mixed together in various proportions they showed the uptake of 109Cd and 54Mn behaved non-additively. Settling of suspended particulate trace metals in the plume region was examined in unique experiments involving stable and radioisotopes. It was shown that trace metals were preferentially associated with different settling fractions. Lead was associated with slow settling particles whereas Cu was associated with particles settling more rapidly. The results presented in this dissertation allowed the development of a conceptual model for fine sediment transport for trace metals, which could be interfaced with established hydrodynamic models.

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Park, Jin-Soo. "Marine traffic engineering in Korean coastal waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2410.

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This study describes and discusses the marine casualties, the effectiveness of existing traffic services, and marine safety and Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) in Korean coastal waters. Marine traffic is comprehensively assessed in Korean waters, an analysis of casualties is undertaken by block scheme. Marine environmental parameters are identified relating to marine casualties as appropriate. Various statistical techniques are employed to evaluate the inter-relationships between individual causal factors, and for the first time effect level is instituted to quantify the relative importance of the causal factors in Korean waters. A further innovation is the examination of the adequacy of existing Korean traffic services by casualty and traffic analysis, and an accident danger index is introduced to compare accident danger over different .time periods. A mixed population of contributors to marine safety is sought by questionnaire. The design of this is both innovative and original in content in order to evaluate the perceived importance of the various risk factors, the marginal effectiveness of various options in reducing risks, and their weight with regard to YTS services and activities, the main part of the study uses an original multiple coefficient to estimate casualty reduction rate and a new method to quantify the effectiveness of VTS. The Korean waters traffic study is conducted as an intermediate level and provides the data base for the main body of work. The conclusions include recommendations with respect to the stricter enforcement of the routeing scheme(TSS) and the adoption of further traffic observation/surveillance over the areas concerned. Finally it is noted in particular that additional Vessel Traffic Service and Traffic Separation Schemes are now required if any substantial improvement is to be achieved in marine traffic safety in Korean coastal waters.

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Bailey, Susan K. "Tributyltin (TBT) contamination in Scottish coastal waters." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292212.

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Kogut, Megan Brook 1972. "Copper speciation in estuaries and coastal waters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84844.

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Thesis (Ph. D .)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references.
The goals of this dissertation are to better understand the sources and the Cu binding ability of ligands that control Cu toxicity in estuaries and harbors, where elevated Cu concentrations have caused documented toxic effects on microorganisms, fish, and benthic fauna. I modified and improved a commonly used approach to determine metal speciation (competitive ligand exchange adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, CLE-ACSV). Using this new approach to chemical Cu speciation and an old approach to physical Cu speciation (filtration), I show that riverine humic substances, filtrable, recalcitrant and light absorbing molecules from degraded plant material, can account for all of the Cu binding in the Saco River estuary. This finding directly supports the hypothesis that terrestrial humic substances might be the most important source of Cu ligands for buffering Cu toxicity in coastal locations with freshwater inputs. However, fieldwork in coastal waters with large inputs of both Cu and suspended colloids (Boston Harbor, Narragansett Bay, and two ponds on Cape Cod) shows that some Cu present in these samples is inert to our competitive ligand exchange method for at least 48 hours. These results support the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the Cu present in these samples is physically sequestered in colloidal material, with the remaining fraction complexed by humic substances. Previous studies of Cu speciation were not able to distinguish between strongly complexed Cu and inert Cu, and our analytical approach should be used further to determine the role of colloids in Cu speciation in all natural waters.
by Megan Brook Kogut.
Ph.D .

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Lønborg, Christian. "Bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in coastal waters." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59094.

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Jonkers, Cornelis Carolus Adrianus. "Environmental behaviour of nonylphenol ethoxylates in coastal waters." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/73626.

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Chaichana, Saisiri. "Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in coastal waters." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/62312/.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) including carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON) are important but poorly understood components of the marine biogeochemical cycle. In this study, the distribution and cycling of DOC and DON, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) were investigated in North Sea surface and bottom water during the stratified summer season in 2011 and 2012, along with other key biogeochemical parameters such as nutrients. The summer DOC, DON, POC and PON ranged from 32.7-134.5, 2.8-13.7, 1.1-43.8 and 0.3-5.9 μM, respectively. The well-mixed water of the southern North Sea was also surveyed in the winter of 2011; measured concentration of DOC and DON were 56.2-224.8 and 3.7-12.3 μM. In summer, DOM and POM generally exhibited high levels in the southern well-mixed water (SM), whereas inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher in the northern bottom water (NB) due to nutrient regeneration and offshore water inflow. DOM in summer and inorganic nutrients in winter were also clearly influenced by riverine inputs. DON was the dominant nitrogen fraction of northern surface water and SM in summer, while in NB, TOxN (nitrate + nitrite) was the dominant fraction. Analysis of SmartBuoy samples show phytoplankton provided a net source of DOM over the spring bloom period with net degradation in autumn and winter. Incubation experiments on water collected from two North Sea sites in autumn, winter 2013 and spring 2014 showed no nutrient (N and P) limitation on DOM degradation. The experiments yield mean bacterial decay rate constants (for three seasons) at the two sites of 4 ± 8 and 2 ± 3 %d-1 kDOC and 3 ± 4 and 4 ± 4 %d-1 kDON, under dark conditions. In comparison to the Redfield ratio, the bulk C:N molar ratio is enriched in carbon relative to nitrogen, while the slope C:N ratio is close to the Redfield ratio, but with a background of high C:N material.

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Klonowski, Wojciech Mateusz. "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Applied to Shallow Coastal Waters." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48821.

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A shallow water reflectance model was developed for application to optical remote sensing in highly diverse and complex coastal environments. A numerical inversion scheme, based on analytical parameterisation, was applied to airborne hyperspectral imagery collected over two regions of the Western Australian coastline; Jurien Bay and the Ningaloo Marine Park. Detailed maps of water quality, water depth and benthic cover classification were derived with a high degree of accuracy as compared to ground truth data.

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Franz, Jamie. "Volatile Waters: An Architecture of the Hurricane Coast." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242398484.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: Jerry Larson. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 27, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: hurricane design; coastal design; coastal architecture; environmentally sensitive design. Includes bibliographical references.

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Mestres, Ridge Marc. "Three-dimensional simulation of pollutant dispersion in coastal waters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6382.

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Traditionally, the sea has been considered as the ultimate sink of most pollutions, due to its huge volume and assimilating capacities, and the coastal waters, because of their intermediate position between deep seas and human activities, has been acting as a buffer zone. However, during the past years, the interest in environmental issues in general, and in the conservation of the water quality in coastal regions, in particular, has steadily increased. For coastal waters, this growing interest can be related to the increase in population and industrial activity along rivers and on coastal areas, which poses an important threat on coastal ecosystems, and may limit the use of coastal waters for human activity. This problem is drastically increased during the tourist season, when a large number of tourists tend to favour coastal resorts.

Although at different scales, both the discharge of wastewater from a marine outfall or the discharge of nutrient- or sediment-laden freshwater from a river play an important role in many physical, chemical and biological processes, which in turn may affect the human use (recreational, economical, etc), of coastal waters. It is important, therefore, to be able to model these processes in order to optimise the multiple uses of coastal waters, accommodating the economical interests to marine production and recreation.

The present thesis describes the development, validation and application to real cases of a three-dimensional numerical model for substance (pollution) transport in coastal waters, which can be applied to a wide range of situations, as marine outfall discharges, river freshwater discharges or sediment transport.

The three-dimensional advection-diffusion equation is solved using a random walk Lagrangian particle formulation, in which the substance to be transported is divided into discrete "packets" that are moved around due to the effects of the transport mechanisms relevant in coastal waters. Transport induced by currents, waves, and turbulent diffusion is included in the model calculations, together with other mechanisms such as sediment settling and resuspension, buoyancy effects due to density differences, and microbiological inactivation. Specific formulations have been developed to account for the transport due to the initial discharge velocity, for buoyant transport in the frame of particle models in waterbodies, for sediment resuspension, and to increase the efficiency of the model by uncoupling the nearfield modelling from that of the farfield.

Concentration distributions are obtained at the end of the simulation by mapping the position of the resulting set of discrete particles onto the nodes of a grid, that may be deformable, employing different optional methods.

This transport model has been validated using several test cases of known analytical solution, and has been applied to a series of real cases for which numerical results could be compared to observational evidence (such as experimental data, video recordings and satellite images). The comparison yields a good agreement between observational evidence and modelled data, and reveals that the model can be applied to a wide range of transport problems in various environments.

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Pietrzak, J. D. "Low frequency response of coastal waters to wind forcing." Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638531.

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The low frequency flow dynamics of the N.W. Aegean Sea, are investigated using a barotropic shelf circulation model, and by analysis of data from current meters deployed in Thermaikos Gulf. The performance of Groves (1955) and Lanczos-cosine filters is assessed to provide optimal low-pass filtering for the current meter records. The Lanczos-cosine filter is found to be the most effective in the present study. Time series and spectral analysis are applied to the filtered current meter records and to concurrent meteorological data. The results of these analyses show significant inputs of low frequency energy at periods of 2-4 days, 6-8 days and 20-26 days. An anomalous energy band exists that is uncorrelated with the wind and which is absent from one current meter record. The results from a depth-integrated momentum balance suggest that these bands are related to direct meteorological forcing. The 2-4 day band is related to 3-dimensional coastal water processes. The 6-8 day band is described in terms of internal Kelvin waves and the 20-26 day band is related to continental shelf waves. The anomalous band with 11-13 day period is associated with freshwater forcing from rivers. The low frequency shelf circulation of the Aegean Sea is modelled analytically. Solutions to the two-dimensional vorticity equation written in terms of stream functions are sought within a circular basin with exponential cross-shelf topography. The dispersion relations for the propagation of free waves is given. Introduction of the ageostrophic approximation allows solution to the wind-forced vorticity equation wherein, parameter separation leads to a wave equation soluble by the method of characteristics. The separation parameter is determined from the associated Sturm-Liouville equation. The damped wave problem is also solved. The model predicts the propagation of continental shelf waves, with periods of 20-26 days around the Aegean Sea.

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Yang, Zhenbo, and 揚振波. "Harmful algal blooms in selected Hong Kong coastal waters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242583.

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Kheirkhah, Gildeh Hossein. "Numerical Modeling of Thermal/Saline Discharges in Coastal Waters." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24230.

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Liquid waste discharged from industrial outfalls is categorized into two major classes based on their density. One type is the effluent that has a higher density than that of the ambient water body. In this case, the discharged effluent has a tendency to sink as a negatively buoyant jet. The second type is the effluent that has a lower density than that of the ambient water body and is hence defined as a (positively) buoyant jet that causes the effluent to rise. Negatively/Positively buoyant jets are found in various civil and environmental engineering projects: discharges of desalination plants, discharges of cooling water from nuclear power plants turbines, mixing chambers, etc. This thesis investigated the mixing and dispersion characteristics of such jets numerically. In this thesis, mixing behavior of these jets is studied using a finite volume model (OpenFOAM). Various turbulence models have been applied in the numerical model to assess the accuracy of turbulence models in predicting the effluent discharges in submerged outfalls. Four Linear Eddy Viscosity Models (LEVMs) are used in the positively buoyant wall jet model for discharging of heated waste including: standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, realizable k-ε and SST k-ω turbulence models. It was found that RNG k-ε, and realizable k-ε turbulence models performed better among the four models chosen. Then, in the next step, numerical simulations of 30˚ and 45˚ inclined dense turbulent jets in stationary ambient water have been conducted. These two angles are examined in this study due to lower terminal rise height for 30˚ and 45˚, which is very important for discharges of effluent in shallow waters compared to higher angles. Five Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are applied to evaluate the accuracy of CFD predictions. These models include two LEVMs: RNG k-ε, and realizable k-ε; one Nonlinear Eddy Viscosity Model (NLEVM): Nonlinear k-ε; and two Reynolds Stress Models (RSMs): LRR and Launder-Gibson. It has been observed that the LRR turbulence model as well as the realizable k-ε model predict the flow more accurately among the various turbulence models studied herein.

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Howell, Kate Ann. "In situ measurement of trace metals in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1120.

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This thesis describes the use of in situ and laboratory techniques for monitoring of trace metals and master variables in the environment. Chapter 1 presents a general overview of trace metals, their sources, sinks and roles in estuaries and near coastal zones, their general characteristics and the importance of their behaviour in estuaries. Filtration and commonly used analytical methods for trace metals detemriinations in natural waters are also discussed. Chapter 2 highlights the importance of colloids (in the size range 0.2 to 0.4 \im) to membrane clogging and concludes that cojloids account for a significant part of clogging of membrane filters. The aim of this study was to extend earlier studies by examining the trends of filtrate concentrations as a function of filtration volume in riverine and estuarine waters with contrasting matrix composition, over two different seasons. Based on the findings presented in this chapter some metal specific filtration protocols are suggested. Chapter 3 provides an overview of developments in instrument automation that have led to miniaturisation and resulting in manufacture of portable electrochemical instrumentation. Such instrumentation has been used for continuous trace metal measurements from the banks of estuaries and on-board ships. The most recent developments in flow-through cells with a gelcoated Iridium (Ir) micro-electrode array have resulted in submersible in s/Yu voltammetric probes which allow long-term trace metal measurements at sub-nanomolar concentrations in coastal waters. Such In situ probes hold great promise for water quality monitoring. Chapter 4 presents the optimisation and validation of a Voltammetric In situ Profiling (VIP) system for the simultaneous determinations of Cd(ll), Cu(ll) and Pb(ll) in estuarine and coastal waters. The trace metal faction measured by the VIP system is termed 'dynamic' and includes and includes these free ions and small complexes with size smaller than a few nm. Systematic studies in NaNOa and seawater were conducted and these showed that variations in ionic strength, pH and dissolved oxygen did not affect the response of the instrument, whereas an Arrhenius type temperature response was observed. During the work, physical and voltammetric settings of the VIP system were considered and tested in detail in order to achieve the analytical requirements to perform measurements in the laboratory and during in situ deployments^ The VIP instrument has a detection limit (defined as 3cj) in seawater for Cd(II) of 23 pM, Cu(ll) 1.13 nM, and Pb(ll) 23 pM. The accuracy of the VIP system was determined with certified reference material (CRM), showing good agreement. Chapter 5 discusses the results of an international laboratory inter-comparison exercise, in order to verify precision and accuracy of measurements made by 4 laboratories that operate VIP systems located in Plymouth, U.K; Geneva, Switzeriand and Ancona, Italy, using laboratory reference methods as a comparison. Inter-comparison included analysis of Tamar Estuary samples and in situ VIP system measurements in the coastal waters of the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. Chapter 6 presents the results of field deployment of the automated Voltammetric In situ Profiling (VIP) system for the simultaneous determinations of dynamic Cd(ll), Cu(ll) and Pb(ll) in three estuaries located in the Southwest of England, UK. The VIP instrument allowed the In situ determination of 2-4 samples h'\ In addition, the VIP system measured total filterable (0.4 pm pore size filter) concentrations of Gd(ll) and Pb(ll) in discrete estuarine water samples. Through a series of tidal surveys lasting 7-12 h each and totalling 7 surveys a high resolution data set including speciation information was built up that enabled an interpretation of geochemical processes in the studied estuaries. Chapter 7 shows the results of In situ determination of VIP dynamic metal concentrations in the Po plume arid Adriatic Sea. Concentrations were similar to those previously reported for this coastal sea system. The correlation of the metals with salinity was presented and highlighted the importance of local effluent inputs close to the river mouth for Cd(ll). The data demonstrated that the Adriatic was not heavily contaminated with trace metals. Chapter 8 presents the overall conclusions from the research and makes suggestions for future work.

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Pillans, Julian. "DMS and CDOM photochemistry in estuarine and coastal waters." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435600.

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Joynes, S. A. "Horizontal diffusion of a buoyant pollutant in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234594.

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Filostrat, John E. "Estimation of Sediment Resuspension and Deposition in Coastal Waters." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1796.

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The Louisiana Gulf Coast is a dynamic system of heavy influence on the cultures that live and prosper around it. Land in this area is in jeopardy of being lost. In 2017, the Coastal Protection and Restoration agency will issue a new State Master and this thesis provides a more intricate way of numerically predicting the behaviors of associated sediments. A model for the estimation of resuspension and deposition is proposed and prepared for integration into the existing model. The silt and clay fractions of the bed sediment and the sediment inflow were modeled by the widely used hydrodynamic models of Delft3D and ECOMSED, using the Young and Verhagen wave properties to obtain orbital velocities and bed shear stress. The critical shear stress for erosion was based on empirical formulas developed by van Rijn.

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Bedington, Michael. "Drift modelling of marine mammal carcases in coastal waters." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/drift-modelling-of-marine-mammal-carcases-in-coastal-waters(c1165a29-6c4c-4b6f-b079-e39d4ff164e5).html.

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A floating object's drift is governed by its buoyancy, shape, and the wind, waves and currents it experiences. Here, I develop a drift modelling framework for marine mammal carcases in coastal waters. The resulting models were run forwards and backwards in time to provide insights into strategies for environmental monitoring under two scenarios. The first explored the beach search options for carcases resulting from potentially fatal collisions between tidal-stream turbines and marine mammals. The second applied the reverse problem for known-location mass strandings to highlight potential at-sea mortality sites. The drift properties of carcase-like objects were assessed in at-sea experiments. Wave transport was found to be greater than Stokes drift alone and in a complex coastal area could not be represented by a downwind multiplier as many previous models have assumed. A high resolution unstructured grid wave model was set up to complement existing wind and current models for the West Coast of Scotland, and these components were combined to build a carcase drift model. In the forward case, from tidal turbine locations, the drift model showed a wide spread of potential stranding sites, suggesting monitoring a limited number of beaches is unlikely to be fruitful. However, selecting beaches in response to immediate wind direction would improve efficiency. Stranding locations alone can only provide evidence of turbine interactions if the number of animals affected is large. In the reverse case, when applied to a mass stranding in Chile, the drift model showed the ability to exclude areas of origin, even though it could not pinpoint an exact mortality site. This work advances understanding of wave transport of surface floating objects, of carcase drift modelling, and of the feasibility of strandings monitoring. The decomposition rate of carcases is a source of uncertainty in the model where further work should be undertaken.

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Yang, Zhenbo. "Harmful algal blooms in selected Hong Kong coastal waters." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22534374.

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Pizzamei, Marco. "Seasonal modelling of circulation on the Scottish West coast." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252366.

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Richards, Simon David. "Ultrasonic visco-inertial dissipation in dilute particulate suspensions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269942.

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Craig, Duncan L., and Duncan Craig@foodstandards gov au. "Use of microcosm and in-situ studies for the estimation of exposure risk from recreational coastal waters and sediments." Flinders University. Medicine, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20051108.093750.

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The interaction of microorganisms with sediments can enhance their survival by reducing exposure to various stressors and thus marine sediments may act as reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms. In coastal waters there can be an increased risk of infection to humans due to the possible re-suspension of these microorganisms during recreational activities. This research attempts to more accurately identify environmental exposure in the first stage of a health risk assessment in recreational coastal waters. Techniques were developed to successfully separate microorganisms from sediment particles. Of the methods investigated, subjecting diluted sediment samples to a sonication bath for 10 minutes was found to be the most efficient separation technique over a range of sediment types. This method was therefore used in the subsequent studies to enumerate organisms from the surface sediment layer, as distinct from the water column. Faecal coliforms were enumerated by membrane filtration in both water and sediment from three Adelaide metropolitan recreational coastal sites, chosen to represent different physical sediment characteristics, over a 12-month period. All sites investigated met current National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines for primary contact recreation. Faecal coliform concentrations were generally greater in sediment compared with overlying water for all samples. This was most evident in sediment consisting of greater silt/clay and organic carbon content (with up to 1000 times higher concentrations in the surface sediment layer compared with overlying water). For coastal recreational sites impacted by stormwater or river discharges, high faecal coliform concentrations were found to be associated with rainfall. A laboratory-based microcosm study utilising intact sediment cores was undertaken to determine the decay rates of faecal indicator organisms (E. coli, enterococci and somatic coliphage) and pathogens (Salmonella derby and S. typhimurium) in both overlying water and in various sediment types. For all organisms tested, temperature had an inverse relationship with survival. Greater decay was observed in the overlying water compared to the surface sediment layer. Small particle size and high organic carbon content was found to be more conducive to microbial survival. In general, decay rates of E. coli were significantly greater than enterococci and coliphage. Although no significant correlations were observed between decay rates of the pathogens and indicator organisms, decay of Salmonella spp. in overlying water more closely resembled that of E. coli than that of other indicators. Using decay rates measured in the microcosm study and available dose-response data, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) utilising Monte Carlo simulation was undertaken to estimate the risk of infection to Salmonella spp. and rotavirus following exposure to recreational coastal water subject to a range of faecal contamination levels. For modelling purposes, the assumption was made that rotavirus decay was equivalent to coliphage decay. The probability of infection from rotavirus due to exposure to contaminated recreational coastal water was greater than that for Salmonella spp. under all scenarios. This increased probability of infection is linked to the high infectivity of rotavirus compared to Salmonella spp. Results of this research highlight the limited effectiveness of using prescribed faecal coliform concentrations in the water column alone to estimate the risk of exposure to pathogenic microorganisms during recreational activity at coastal areas. It demonstrated that coastal sediments act as a reservoir for both indicator and pathogenic organisms released into the coastal environment. This suggests an increased exposure risk if these organisms are resuspended back into the water column during recreational activity. A combined risk-based monitoring program would provide a more robust and reliable estimate of health risk associated with coastal recreational areas.

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方燕珊 and Yin-shan Fong. "Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters and their management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125519X.

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Gibson, David R. "Potential pathogens of wrasse (family: Labridae) from Scottish coastal waters." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3189.

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The use of wrasse (Pisces: Labridae) as cleaner fish to combat infections with the parasitic copepods Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer) and Caligus elongatus (Nordmann) (sea-lice) in the culture of Salmo salar L. (Atlantic salmon) is now common. Infections with these parasites has caused considerable losses in the industry since its formative years. The use of the wrasse species Ctenolabrus rupestris (L. ) (goldsinny), Centrolabrus exoletus (L. ) (rockcook), Symphodus melops (= Crenilabrus melops) (L. ) (corkwing) and Labrus mixtus L. (cuckoo) as cleaner fish was first suggested in 1988. The use of these species in the industry is now widespread in Scotland, Ireland and Norway. The fish used are normally caught from the wild before being stocked with S. salar smolts during their first year at sea. The fish are routinely collected from waters close to the farm sites to be stocked. As most of the S. salar sea production sites in Scotland are located on the west coast of the country, the wrasse to be used in these sites are normally collected from these waters. The movement of wild fish into farm pens presents a risk of disease transfer from wrasse to S. salar and vice versa. Prior to their use as cleaner fish, these four species of wrasse had received little attention as subjects of scientific study. As a result, there was very little information available in the literature regarding their diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential pathogens present in wild populations in Scottish coastal waters, and, in particular, which of these pathogens, if any, could be transmitted to the S. salar. The study also investigated the susceptibility of wrasse to the two major viral diseases of S. salar to which they would be exposed in pens. In order to fully assess the pathogenicity of the potential disease agents under farm conditions, it was first necessary to establish the normal morphology of the wrasse species. Hence, a study of the morphological features of wrasse, with particular emphasis on those features important in the health of the fish was undertaken. Wrasse were shown to differ in many aspects from salmonids but shared many morphological features with other perciforme fish. Major differences from salmonids were evident in the skin, fins, pancreas, intestine, gonads and heart. There were also aspects of their morphology which differed from other perciforme fish, notably the structure of the heart. These features were regarded to be adaptations to the specific demands of their feeding strategies and habitats. This study was the first of its kind undertaken for wrasse and showed some early contraindications for the use of wrasse in culture; most notable was the marked lipid accumulation in, and resultant degeneration of, the liver resulting from the consumption of high energy S. salar feeds. Once the normal morphological features were established, it was possible to examine the disease status of wrasse. Wild fish were sampled from three different locations on the west coast of Scotland. These sites were all geographically distinct and were all used as sources of wrasse for the S. salar farming industry. Samples of wrasse were also obtained from farm sites supplied with wrasse from these wild sites, and an additional number of other geographically distinct farm locations. As a comparison wrasse were also obtained from a wrasse captive breeding facility and another captive location unrelated to the S. salar industry, a public aquarium. The fish from all of these sampling sites were examined fully for the presence of parasites, bacteria and, in some cases, viruses. Histological examination was also carried out on all of the fish studied. A total of 24 new parasite host records, and two tentative ones, were recorded from the four wrasse species studied. These new parasite records included protozoa, digeneans, nematodes and crustacea. Parasite infections were found to vary in prevalence, abundance and intensity in respect to the geographical characteristics of sampling sites and also the length of time spent in S. salar pens. It was concluded that the separation of wrasse from their natural diet and habitat influenced the degree of parasitism. None of the parasites found to infect wrasse were observed to cause any significant pathology in their hosts other than localised tissue responses. The possibility of transfer of wrasse parasites to S. salar was also investigated experimentally in a series of infections in which parasites dissected from wrasse were introduced to S. salar smolts by means of a novel gavage method. None of the parasites used established in the S. salar, indicating that there is little risk of transfaunation of parasites between wrasse and S. salar. However, this aspect requires further work due to the low number of parasites available and the subsequent low numbers of S. salar infected. Bacterial isolates were obtained from wrasse held in S. salar pens but were not found in any of the fish collected from the wild. Most of the bacterial strains isolated would normally be considered as opportunistic pathogens of fish. It was concluded that the relatively high levels of stress, both environmental and physical, that wrasse are subjected to under farm conditions were instrumental in the number of bacterial infections seen in wrasse. Only one pathogenic bacterial infection was seen in any of the fish sampled. This was an isolate of Aeromonas salmonicida, the agent known to cause the disease furunculosis, isolated from a wrasse obtained from one of the farm samples. Other authors have reported that this bacterium has already caused substantial losses of wrasse under farm conditions. It was concluded that Aeromonas salmonicida will prove to be a major pathogen of wrasse held in S. salar pens. No viruses wereI isolated from any of the wrasse studied. The susceptibility of wrasse to the most significant pathogens of S. salar under farm conditions was also subjected to investigation. In addition to sea-lice infection, the industry lists Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN) and Pancreas Disease (PD) as of primary importance for further research. Both of these diseases cause substantial losses in the industry. The susceptibility of wrasse to both of these disease conditions was investigated by means of experimental infections. In the case of IPN wrasse were infected by bathing with two different infective doses, a low dose which would be expected to induce the disease in S. salar parr and a second dose substantially higher than the first. The C. rupestris used were found to be susceptible to IPN. The wrasse developed some of the pathological characteristics typical of the disease in S. salar, however, other pathological signs were peculiar to wrasse. The recovery rate from the disease seen in wrasse was far more rapid than that recorded from S. salar. Shedding of the virus in the faeces of infected C. rupestris was also demonstrated. This study has illustrated for the first time the susceptibility of wrasse to IPN and that they can shed the virus in their faeces. This suggests that infected wrasse could be a source of continual reinfection in an affected sea site. Experimental infections of C. rupestris with PD followed a standard protocol for the reproduction of the disease in S. salar. Infection was by means of intraperitoneal injection with putatively infective material obtained from S. salar affected with PD. Two infection doses were used, the lowest dose used had been proven to be effective in inducing the disease in S. salar parr while the second dose, ten times higher than the first, had been shown to be effective in reproducing PD in S. salar smolts. The C. rupestris infected did not develop any of the typical signs of the disease seen in S. salar. It was, therefore, concluded that wrasse were not susceptible to PD.

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Economides, B. "Tracer applications of Sellafield radioactivity in British west coastal waters." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233070.

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Harris, Alleyn Sean Digby. "The ecological role of diatom resting stages in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481214.

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Wright, David Thomas. "Measurements and modelling of hyperspectral radiance transfer in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443128.

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Yates, Nicholas Charles. "Tidal energy resources of the UK's estuaries and coastal waters." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679593.

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Lauria, Mary Louise. "Physical constraints on phytoplankton in estuaries and shallow coastal waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42128/.

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Highly dynamic aquatic systems have often been reported to support actively growing populations of phytoplankton. The partially-mixed, macrotidal, temperate estuary Southampton Water is no exception, with reports of frequent temporal patterns of spring and summer maxima in algal biomass. During this study, the close coupling between the estuarine hydrology and the phytoplankton community was confirmed by the results from an intensive sampling strategy, spanning various temporal scales. Using high frequency data, collected from acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) and CTDs, the physical mixing processes within the estuary were determined and combined with high resolution phytoplankton species data to assess the physical pressures on the microalgal community. Initial surveys were conducted to provide snapshots of the estuary during productive periods, followed by more intensive, longer term monitoring to observe population growth and succession. Through seasonal investigations, the aggregation of algal biomass (quantified by chlorophyll a concentration) at differing vertical heights in the water column was realised. On closer examination using microscopic identification, the different vertical profiles were shown to be due to phytoplankton succession from the spring to the summer months. Diatoms (Rhizosolenia delicatula) proliferated in the spring, where the population was localised in the near-bottom layers, whilst the summer bloom was dominated by autotrophic dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum micans and Peridifiium trochoideum), manifesting in a sub-surface chlorophyll a maximum. The vertical position of diatom species, both pelagic and benthic, suggested no dependence on incident irradiance, but seemed solely governed by current velocities, shear and wind mixing events. Other passive constituents of the water column, such as suspended particulate matter, were also closely coupled with boundary shear and followed regular patterns of re-suspension similar to those shown by the diatom community. In the summer, apparent active vertical migration was observed for several species of dinoflagellate. Whilst this apparent migration was closely linked to the incident irradiance, the extent and timing of migration was highly dependent on the tidal state and the water column stability. During one 25 hour Eulerian investigation, apparent positive vertical migration was observed in several dinoflagellate species, where the controlling factor was incident irradiance. Dinoflagellates were observed to descend during the dark periods when the water column was stable. However, the vertical distribution of the autotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum suggested that migrations into the surface waters were linked with periods of water column stability and not triggered by surface irradiance. The unique tidal regime that governs the physical mixing processes in Southampton Water translates into periods of stability separated in time by intermittent turbulence. This periodic stability within the water column during reduced tidal forcings permitted the surface aggregation of dinoflagellates, which became homogeneously distributed when turbulence intensified during the ebb and flood currents. Diatoms, conversely, relied on vertical mixing to enter the surface layers of the water column, and aggregated in the lower layers during times of water column stability. Data from the. seasonal surveys suggested that diatoms and dinoflagellates were able to co-exist during the summer by utilising contrasting properties of tidal mixing to develop and reside within this partially mixed environment. The segregation of these two phytoplankton groups was not apparent from the chlorophyll concentrations alone, and was only made evident through the high resolution phytoplankton sampling through both time and space. The close coupling between the phytoplankton community and physical forcings were also investigated in the usually well-mixed southern North Sea. During a 12 hour Lagrangian survey, the stabilising effect of the Rhine region of freshwater influence (ROFI) was recognised and provided the temporary stability necessary for apparent dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum micans and Gonyaulax so) migration. Associated solely with this lower salinity plume was the diatom Rhizosolenia stvliformis, which was not detected during other times of the survey. Very small changes in total algal biomass were detected through the use of chlorophyll a determinations (chlorophyll a < 2 mg m"3). The intermittency of the mixing forces proved to be an important physical characteristic which defines the species and distribution of the phytoplankton community.

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Fong, Yin-shan. "Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters and their management /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436247.

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Sandberg, Holger. "Troubling Waters Ahead – an Evaluation of Coastal Flooding in Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-401938.

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The increasing rate of global sea mean level rise, one of many effects of climate change, will most likelyproduce heightened risk of coastal flooding. Cities located along coastlines have to adapt to thesecircumstances that otherwise will increase the magnitude and frequency of coastal flooding. The purposeof this study is to evaluate the current and future risk of coastal flooding in central Stockholm in relationto global sea level rise. The overall coastal flood risk of central Stockholm is assessed using the currentsea level as well as with possible future sea level rise. Wave modelling is carried out in Saltsjön toestimate the possible addition to extreme sea levels from wave action. The wave characteristics isdetermined according to the physical properties of inner Saltsjön and local meteorological conditions.In-depth case studies regarding flood risk and flood prevention measures are carried out on Stadsholmenand Hammarby Sjöstad, two areas with very different physical characteristics. Areas most prone toflooding in these districts are identified using flood vulnerability maps. Suggestions for flood defencemeasures for the identified vulnerable areas are presented. It is evident that implementation of flooddefence should be adapted after the physical and social properties of the locality. Results of this studycorrelates with well with similar research claiming that there is a small risk of significant coastalflooding in central Stockholm. The flood risk will not increase significantly in the near future, primarilydue to the effect of regional uplift counteracting the global sea level rise. The accelerating rate of globalsea level rise in combination with possible trend changes of meteorological extremes will however mostlikely generate larger problems with coastal flooding in a longer time span.
En av de mest påtagliga effekterna av pågående klimatförändringar är global havsnivåhöjning. Ökademedel- samt extremnivåer kommer innebära ökad risk för översvämningar längs med kuststräckor.Städer belägna längs med kuster behöver anpassa sig efter dessa framtida förhållanden för att undvikaomfattande skador och förluster. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera den nuvarande och framtidarisken för kustöversvämning i centrala Stockholm med koppling till global havsnivåhöjning. Dengenerella risken för kustöversvämning i centrala Stockholm bedöms för den nuvarande havsnivån såvälsom för möjliga framtida havsnivåer. Modellering och beräkning av möjliga våghöjder för Saltsjönutförs för att uppskatta det potentiella tillägget till extrema havsnivåer från vågeffekter. Den potentiellavåghöjden i inre Saltsjön kontrolleras främst av de rådande meteorologiska och fysiskaförutsättningarna, så som vindens styrka och riktning. Mer ingående fallstudier gällandeöversvämningsrisk och åtgärder för att förhindra översvämningar utförs för Stadsholmen (Gamla Stan)och Hammarby Sjöstad, två områden med distinkt olika stadsbild och förutsättningar. Områden mestsårbara för kustöversvämning i dessa distrikt identifieras med hjälp av översvämningssårbarhetskartor.Förslag till åtgärder för att förhindra översvämningar i dessa områden presenteras. Hur och vad för typav översvämningsskydd som anläggs bör anpassas efter den specifika plats fysiska och estetiskaförutsättningar. Resultaten i denna studie stämmer överens med tidigare forskning vad gällande den lågarisk för kustöversvämning som finns i centrala Stockholm. Översvämningsrisken kommer inte ökanämnvärt i den närmaste framtiden, främst på grund av den regionala landhöjningens motverkandeeffekt till den globala havsnivåhöjningen. Däremot kommer hastigheten hos den globalahavsnivåhöjningen att öka. Detta i kombination med möjliga förändringar i meteorologiska extremerkommer troligtvis utgöra större risk för kustöversvämningar i ett längre tidsperspektiv.

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Eiler, Alexander. "The Niches of Bacterial Populations in Productive Waters : Examples from Coastal Waters and Four Eutrophic Lakes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7419.

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Nilsson, Emmelie. "Algal blooms and water quality in coastal waters of Öland : Possible effect on local tourism?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1468.

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Utvecklingen av algblomningar i Östersjön har blivit mer diskuterat i media under senare år. Eftersom algblomningar ofta infaller samtidigt som turistsäsongen så har områden som är beroende av turistnäringen drabbats hårt. Under sommaren 2005 inträffade massiva giftiga algblomningar i Östersjön, och detta påverkade turismen på Öland negativt ur ekonomisk synpunkt. Mänsklig påverkan är ansedd vara huvudorsaken bakom den ökade förekomsten av algblomningar i Östersjön. Målet med detta projekt är att undersöka hur förekomsten av algblomningar påverkar turismen på Öland. Genom att ha samlat in vattenprover vid tre olika platser på Öland under sommaren 2007, har parametrar så som näringsstatus, temperatur, salthalt, phytoplankton sammansättning och klorofyll-a undersökts. Mängden nederbörd har observerats via data från SMHI. Detta har gjorts för att kunna studera eventuella samband mellan näringsstatus vid kusterna och möjlig avrinning från land. Två enkäter har skickats ut till samtliga camping ägare på Öland, i ett försök att se hur algblomningar har påverkat turismen under åren 2005, 2006 samt 2007. En enkät utdelades också under sommaren 2006, men denna var riktad till turisterna som besökte campingar på Öland. Ett av de slutliga målen var att undersöka hur förekomsten av algblomningar och miljöfaktorer, så som temperatur, salthalt, nederbörd och näringsämnen är sammankopplade. Provtagningsplatserna skiljde sig åt när det gällde till vilken grad de påverkats av algblomningar. Den nordvästra kusten, Köpingsvik, har nästan aldrig exponerats för algblomningar, medan den östra kusten, Gärdslösa, oftast har det. Den sydvästra kusten , Mörbylånga, har varit drabbad under vissa år. Detta material har sedan jämförts med material insamlat från 2006. Resultatet från 2007 visar på högre koncentrationer av näringsämnen och klorofyll-a jämfört med data från 2006. Resultatet från 2007 visar på högre koncentrationer av näringsämnen och klorofyll-a jämfört med data från 2006. Turismen under 2006 och 2007 visade inte ha varit negativt påverkat av algblomningar. Turismen under 2005 visade sig däremot ha varit negativt påverkat av algblomningar. Cyanobakterier förekom i lågt antal under 2006 och 2007, men andra alggrupper blommade under våren och sommaren, speciellt en grupp av sötvatten dinoflagellat kallad Peridiniopsis polonicum. Denna art förekomi höga antal i både Gärdslösa och Mörbylånga, under slutet av juli och i augusti.

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Jonsson, Lisbeth. "Ecology of the cold-water cnidarians, in particular the scleractinian Lophelia pertusa, in coastal waters /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, Department of Marine Ecology, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0613/2006401879.html.

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Shiva, Amir Houshang. "Evaluating the Performance of DGT Technique for Selective Measurement of Trace Metals and Assessment of Environmental Health in Coastal Waters." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367257.

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The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique as a passive sampler for measurement of trace metals was validated and evaluated. A systematic determination of diffusion coefficients for a wide range of cationic (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and oxyanionic (Al, As, Mo, Sb, V, W) metals in open (ODL) and restricted (RDL) diffusive layers used by the DGT technique was performed. The diffusion coefficients were determined at acidic and neutral pH, using two independent methods, diffusion cells and time-series DGT techniques. The calculated values for many oxyanions were the first reports in the RDL. The diffusion coefficients measured in the ODL were retarded compared to the values reported in water, and further retarded in the RDL for all elements with both methods. A DGT technique with mixed binding layer (MBL), containing both Chelex-100 and Metsorb, was validated for the measurement of Al at pH 4.01 and pH 8.30, where the dominant species shifts from cationic to anionic, respectively. The performance of this DGT- MBL was then evaluated in various coastal sites over a wide range of pH, for the simultaneous measurement of Al and other cationic and oxyanionic metals using both ODL and RDL. The results were compared to the 0.45 µm-filterable and also the measurements of individual binding layers to investigate the selectivity of each DGT type for trace metals. All measured concentrations with all measurement types were compared to the water quality guidelines defined by the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) to assess the environmental health of the studied field sites. The in-situ application of DGT-MBL confirmed the utility of this approach compared to the use of individual DGT-Chelex and DGT-Metsorb samplers, especially for metals like aluminium with complex speciation.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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40

blakey, tara. "Improving Satellite-Based Chlorophyll-a Estimating Algorithms in Shallow, Coastal Waters." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2189.

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This work evaluated the improvement to the accuracy of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) estimating algorithms derived from Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWIFS) archives of an optically-shallow, subtropical bay. Preliminary investigation into the in situ chl-a measurements showed that the fine spatial and temporal resolution currently only available through satellite remote sensing are required to adequately understand the dynamics of coastal chl-a. The in situ datasets, however, were found to be useful for developing chl-a algorithms by allowing for 1) identification of appropriate times of year for classifying benthic habitats and 2) the assumption of annually invariable bottom reflectance. Benthic type-specific algorithms were developed where benthic class was established through image-based supervised classification of Landsat images of the study area. The overall accuracy of the classifier, using available field data, was 67% and 76% for the two validation years. Although improvement to the accuracy of satellite-retrieved chl-a was demonstrated, the accuracy of the improved chl-a estimates remained low. Algorithms tuned to the sparse-low seagrass bottom (r2 = 0.234, mean absolute percent difference (APD) = 71%) performed better than those associated with medium-dense seagrass (r2 = 0.332, mean APD = 66%). The positive bias produced by the operational SeaWiFS chl-a algorithm was removed through the regionally-tuned algorithms but the residuals of the medium-dense seagrass chl-a did suggest a seasonality in the bias of the improved estimates. The accessibility of the studied methodology, in terms of equipment, software and expertise required, and the lack of research into the SeaWiFS archive for multi-temporal analyses of coastal dynamics support continued development of the novel methodology. Atmospheric correction procedures derived specifically for normalizing surface reflectances across images are likely to improve the transferability of image-based classifiers as well as the performance of empirical chl-a algorithms. Testing the transferability of image-based optical signatures in space to other study areas is an important next step for this methodology. A well-defined spectral library of image-based classes would improve assessment of global chl-a dynamics, which is especially important given global climate change.

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Culley, Alexander Ian. "Characterization of RNA viruses from the coastal waters of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30775.

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RNA viruses are major pathogens o f animals and plants and include viruses that are of enormous economic and public-health concern. In the ocean, RNA viruses infect organisms from bacteria to whales, but RNA virus communities in the sea remain essentially unknown. Although what we know of marine RNA viruses is restricted to a limited number of isolates, emerging data suggest that RNA viruses might be more abundant, and are more ecologically important, than has been suggested. Therefore the hypothesis of this dissertation is that RNA viruses comprise a detectable and diverse fraction of the marine virus community. Towards testing this premise, the research objectives were to sequence a marine RNA virus isolate, Heterosigma akashiwo RNA virus (HaRNAV) , evaluate the diversity of picorna-like viruses, a superfamily of positive-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses, and construct whole-genome shotgun libraries to characterize two complete RNA virus assemblages. The results of all three studies underline the novelty of the marine RNA virus community. For example, HaRNAV is related to picorna-like viruses, but does not belong within any currently defined virus family and has therefore been classified in the Marnaviridae, a newly established virus family. Furthermore, on the basis of analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences amplified from marine virus communities from the Strait of Georgia, a diverse array of picorna-like viruses exists in the ocean. All of the sequences amplified were divergent from known picorna-like viruses, and fell within four monophyletic groups. Finally, analysis of reverse transcribed whole-genome shotgun libraries revealed a diverse assemblage of RNA viruses, including a broad group of marine picorna-like viruses and distant relatives of viruses infecting arthropods and higher plants. Moreover, the genomes of several hitherto undiscovered viruses were completely assembled. These data are among the first characterizations of the in situ marine RNA virus community and represent a preliminary step in the elucidation of their role in the marine environment. The discovery of novel groups of viruses that are significantly divergent from established taxa should be of interest to virologists, oceanographers, and microbial ecologists.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate

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Bokaris, Jack. "Physical and numerical modelling of irregular wave propagation in coastal waters." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394373.

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李志偉 and Chi-wai Li. "Finite element modelling of circulation and transport processes in coastal waters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230921.

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Bayne, G. L. S. "A direct minimization model to determine tidal flows in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389695.

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Xu, Chunyang. "Two-phase flow modelling of mud flocs sedimentation in coastal waters." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1cf71628-6436-46d7-937e-9f401f74ca0e.

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Pyle, Kimberley. "Barium cycling in Antarctic waters : interactions with oceanic and coastal processes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99140/.

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Oceanic barium has many potential proxy applications, from the quantification of export productivity using sedimentary barite, to the tracing of freshwater inputs or the circulation of deep water masses. Using these proxies to reconstruct past oceanic conditions is of particular importance in the Southern Ocean, where the ventilation of deep water masses and the biological drawdown of CO2 are thought to play a significant role in climate regulation. However, the distribution of particulate and dissolved barium in this region is not solely controlled large scale water mass circulation and predictable biological associations, but by an additional combination of spatially and temporally variable local and coastal processes. In this thesis I have found that stronger near-surface gradients are observed in Antarctic waters than in other ocean basins, with a significant association between Bad and silicic acid in surface waters at the WAP. As no direct link was observed between Bad and biological productivity, these observations can be explained by an association between Bad and siliceous detrital material, either by adsorption mechanisms or through barite precipitation in surface waters. Greater levels of Bad release and inferred barite precipitation production are observed from the decay of diatom-dominated detrital material. The accumulation of particulate barium phases in WAP shelf sediments appears to produce a benthic Bad flux that acts as a significant source of Bad to coastal waters. Sea ice is found to be a further, little studied, control on Antarctic coastal Bad distributions, with non-conservative distributions of Bad observed in sea ice cores that may be due to abiotic barite precipitation, and large fluxes of sea ice melt associated with unusually low surface Bad concentrations.

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Check, Jason Kenneth. ""Characterization and removal of NOM from raw waters in coastal environments"." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-02162005-215318/unrestricted/check%5Fjason%5Fk%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Michael Saunders, Committee Chair ; Paul Work, Committee Member ; Jaehong Kim, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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Putland, Jennifer Nancy. "Microzooplankton bacterivory and herbivory in oceanic and coastal environments, comparisons of the subarctic Pacific with Newfoundland coastal waters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/MQ36168.pdf.

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Neale, Klaire. "Mating interactions of the harmful dinoflagellate alexandrium tamarense from UK coastal waters." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/96wy3/mating-interactions-of-the-harmful-dinoflagellate-alexandrium-tamarense-from-uk-coastal-waters.

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The Alexandrium tamarense species complex is a group of economically and ecologically important marine dinoflagellates. The complex is comprised of three morphospecies A. tamarense, A. fundyense and A. catenella grouped according to ribosomal DNA or ‘ribotype’. There are five ribotype type groups (I-V) each consisting entirely of toxic or non-toxic isolates. Toxic isolates are associated with harmful algal blooms (HAB’s) due to their ability to produce powerful neurotoxins, which are responsible for outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning in areas of shellfish production. Sexual reproduction in A. tamarense has important implications for the initiation and termination of HAB’s associated with these species. Resistant, long-lived hypnozygotes are formed during blooms through gamete fusion and deposited in sediments. These hypnozygotes provide the source of inoculum of motile vegetative A. tamarense cells in temperate zones during subsequent spring/summer blooms. This study provides further insight into the mating interactions between toxic Group I and non-toxic Group III isolates primarily from UK coastal waters. Study of the effect of temperature on the mating interactions of A. tamarense Group I and Group III in culture showed that temperature had a significant effect on both groups. Co-cultures of compatible Group III isolates showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in hypnozygote yield at 15°C, compared to 20°C. In contrast the mating compatibility of co-cultures of Group I isolates showed significant increase (p<0.05) at 15°C, compared to 20°C. Similar to other studies, compatible Group I and Group III isolates formed non-viable hybrid hypnozygotes in co-culture. Comparison of the average vigour of inbred Group I crosses and outbred Group I/III crosses suggest that Group I isolates are more likely to out-breed with a compatible Group III isolate. A finding that may have significance in areas where the two groups co-occur. Preliminary data suggesting the presence of both Group I and Group III ribotypes in some isolates has been generated from a nested single cell PCR/qPCR protocol using group specific primers. These data were compared to a dual probe whole cell fluorescent in situ hybridisation (whole cell FISH) assay of isolates. Whole cell FISH showed no dual expression of ribosomal RNA. This suggests that some A. tamarense Group I and Group III isolates may have rDNA pseudogenes corresponding to different ribotypes. If correct this could have implications for the overestimation of A. tamarense group diversity in natural populations when using rDNA sequences for identification.

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Strömbeck, Niklas. "Water Quality and Optical Properties of Swedish Lakes and Coastal Waters in Relation to Remote Sensing." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-670.

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Semi-analytical models for remote sensing of water quality parameters need to be parameterized with specific inherent optical properties. In this thesis, data on specific inherent optical properties of Swedish lakes and coastal waters is presented. Also, the problems of measuring in situ spectral backscattering are addressed. It is shown how measured specific inherent optical properties are used to parameterize semi-analytical bio-optical models. The models are then used to produce large synthetic data sets based on the distribution of water quality parameters, and from these data sets, band ratio or single band ratio algorithms for remote estimation of water quality parameters are constructed. A similar model was also used to calculate under water PAR from measured water quality parameters.

The specific inherent optical properties of Swedish lakes and coastal waters are very similar to earlier reported data from the oceanic environment. However, different relations of the water quality parameters will affect the inherent optical properties absorption and backscattering. The absorption spectra are dominated by yellow substance with terrestrial origin. Phytoplankton absorption is low, and account in general only for about 10 % of the total absorption in regions where phytoplankton pigments are active. The spectral backscattering is dominated by suspended particulate inorganic matter. Phytoplankton backscattering is almost negligible, except in cases where the phytoplankton community is dominated by highly scattering cyanobacteria. Experiences from remote sensing campaigns and modeling shows that remote chlorophyll estimation is most effective at longer wavelengths, where the absorption of yellow substance is low. However, modeling also predicts that large uncertainties have to be expected in the estimation of chlorophyll, both from variation in the specific phytoplankton absorption and from influences of other optically active water quality parameters.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coastal waters'

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