Academic literature on the topic 'Coastal State Indicators'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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Jiménez, J. A., A. Osorio, I. Marino-Tapia, M. Davidson, R. Medina, A. Kroon, R. Archetti, P. Ciavola, and S. G. J. Aarnikhof. "Beach recreation planning using video-derived coastal state indicators." Coastal Engineering 54, no. 6-7 (June 2007): 507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.01.012.
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van Koningsveld, Mark, Mark A. Davidson, and David A. Huntley. "Matching Science with Coastal Management Needs: The Search for Appropriate Coastal State Indicators." Journal of Coastal Research 213 (May 2005): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/03-0076.1.
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Arkhipova, O. E., E. A. Chernogubova, and K. E. Arkhipova. "THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH IN WORLD SCIENCE." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 6 (2021): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-255-264.
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The article is devoted to the review of domestic and foreign studies of methods and models that characterize the sustainable development of territories. An overview of the main trends in the development of the concept of sustainable development is given. The necessity of instrumental assessment, retrospective analysis and forecasting of the ongoing processes is substantiated by the formation of appropriate indicators and quantitative indicators. A comprehensive risk assessment strategy based on the matrix approach mechanism includes an assessment of the main indicator classes, each of which consists of a set of indicators (indicators). The main indicator classes include economic indicators, indicators of environmental quality, indicators characterizing the health of the population and demographic processes. Based on the above indicators, a comprehensive strategy for assessing the analysis of risk indices in the study area can be implemented. Modern methods for assessing the sustainability of Russian regions are consistent with foreign developments since the very concept of sustainable development is universal for all countries. It should be noted that most of the studies are of a narrow-sectoral nature, the monitoring criteria, and approaches to modeling the sustainable development of the territory are largely unclear, which indicates an insufficiently deep development of the problem as a whole and the need for its conceptual substantiation. Research trends on this topic mainly consist in the search for the most adequate criteria and parameters by which it is possible to assess the ecological state of the coastal zone, the peculiarities of the economic development of the study area, medical and social processes of the coastal zone.
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Zhang, Xiao Yin, and Xiong Zhi Xue. "Evaluation Indicators for Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in China: Lessons Learned from Xiamen." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.840.
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Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) initiatives spread all over the world to cope with declining conditions and intensifying user conflicts to achieve sustainable development of coastal resources and environment. A set of indicators with regard to sustainable development and governance aspects were developed in Xiamen to monitor the State of Coasts (SOC) under ICM implementation. In developing the evaluation indicators for Xiamen, a number of lessons were learned related to data compilation, indicator development, public participation and scaling up. The experience of Xiamen was believed to contribute to develop evaluation indicators for ICM in China.
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Davidson, Mark, Mark Van Koningsveld, Arno de Kruif, Jane Rawson, Rob Holman, Alberto Lamberti, Raul Medina, Aart Kroon, and Stefan Aarninkhof. "The CoastView project: Developing video-derived Coastal State Indicators in support of coastal zone management." Coastal Engineering 54, no. 6-7 (June 2007): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.01.007.
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E SOUZA, CELIA REGINA DE GOUVEIA. "Coastal Erosion Risk Assessment, Shoreline Retreat Rates and Causes of Coastal Erosion Along the State of São Paulo Coast, Brazil." Pesquisas em Geociências 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.20320.
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Monitoring on coastal erosion problems along the São Paulo shoreline have been carrying out by the author since mid the 80’s, including almost 87% of the whole 430 km length of sandy beaches. Eleven types of indicators of coastal erosional processes have been recognized, which have been attributed to seventeen causes, among them ten correspond to natural mechanisms and seven are due to anthropogenic interference. In this paper is presented rates of shoreline retreat based on the Bruun Rule application for six of the most threatened beaches, for a period as long as 56 years. Risk assessment is also estimated for these six beaches based on two criteria: (i) the total number (sum) of types of coastal erosion indicators found along the shoreline (frequency among the 11 types) and (ii) general spatial distribution (percentage of surface area) of coastal erosion indicators along the shoreline. Causes and effects of the coastal erosional processes are discussed for these six beaches. Results reveal high rates of shoreline retreat, even in non-urbanized areas, as well demonstrate that the six beaches are at very-high risk. Moreover, they indicate that natural mechanisms are very important as cause of coastal erosional processes in São Paulo, sometimes most them the human-induced causes. These studies have widely been supporting the State Plan for Coastal Zone Management, in order to create special rules for occupation and some activities along the shoreline, including engineering works, building and sand beach exploration. Besides, results are being recorded in a geoenvironmental information system for the Coastal Zone of the State of São Paulo (Project SIIGAL), which is in phases of implantation.
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Dou, Yong, Rui Nan Chen, and Wen Li Zhou. "A Study on Coastal Ecosystem Health Assessment in Qingdao Based on Press-State-Response Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.487.
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In order to get a scientific assessment of the coastal ecosystem health in Qingdao, a study on ecosystem health assessment of Qingdao coastal zone during 1998-2009 based on press-state-response (PSR) model contained a series of indicators was conducted. In this paper, the integrated ecosystem health index was calculated through weight values multiplied the standardization values of the indicators. The results indicated that the IEHI in the coastal zone of Qingdao fluctuated by a large margin during 1998-2009, when the IEHI range from 0.35 to 0.84, and the ecosystem was in the states of unhealthy and subhealthy in most of the time interval. The urban expansion and the three wastes were the dominating pressure factors which effected the coastal ecosystem health. The atmosphere and inshore environment took a turn for the worse, while the cultivated land resource exhausted almost. In order to improve the coastal ecosystem health, it was quite necessary to increase the forest coverage rate, tertiary industry proportion and investment in environmental protection.
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Boikova, Elmīra, Uldis Botva, and Vita Līcīte. "Implementation of Trophic Status Index in Brackish Water Quality Assessment of Baltic Coastal Waters." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 62, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-008-0016-z.
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Implementation of Trophic Status Index in Brackish Water Quality Assessment of Baltic Coastal Waters The assessment of the trophic state of marine coastal waters is one of the leading initiatives declared in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed ecosystem which consists of subregions with wide salinity and seasonality gradients. Anthropogenic impact results in eutrophication processes on different scales. Efficient eutrophication control and environmental management in the Baltic Sea, according to WFD, requires a prerequisite of common and sensitive indicators for the European coastal waters including the Baltic Sea. In this article the Trophic Status Index TRIX, recently succcesfully implemented in Mediterranean and Northern European sea coastal waters as a holistic approach indicator, was implemented for the Gulf of Rīga and Latvian Baltic Sea coastal water quality assessment between 1999 and 2005.
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Wu, Kankan, Keliang Chen, Yu Gao, Shang Jiang, and Haiping Huang. "Applying a Set of Potential Methods for the Integrated Assessment of the Marine Eco-Environmental Carrying Capacity in Coastal Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084416.
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The accelerated socioeconomic development has placed the coastal ecosystems under stress, which influences the sustainable development of coastal areas. Marine eco-environmental carrying capacity assessment (MECCA) can provide a scientific basis for coordinating coastal socioeconomic development and eco-environmental protection, ensuring a more effective marine ecosystem-based management approach toward sustainability. However, accurate assessment methods are still in the exploratory stage, as there has been a lack of systematic research and applications combining integrated MECCA with a unified method to underpin coastal management processes. In light of this issue, this study applied the marine eco-environmental carrying capacity in coastal waters (MECCCW) conceptual framework to support the establishment of an assessment indicator system for MECCA and used the regularization method and entropy method to determine weights. This study also applied the simplified state space model to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the marine eco-environmental carrying capacity (MECC) of coastal areas. Focusing on the coastal area of Sanya Bay, southern China, as the study area, we assessed the MECC for the period from 2015 to 2020. The state of the MECC was divided into three grades: load capacity, full-load capacity, and overload capacity. The results showed that (1) the MECCA indicator system in Sanya Bay included a total of three criteria and eight assessment indicators and (2) the weights of the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) and human activities (HA) were both relatively higher than that of ecological resilience (ER). The latter result indicates that either ECC or HA could play a more predominant role in the changes of the MECC state in Sanya Bay. The results also indicated that (3) for each criterion, ECC, ER, and HA were at load capacity from 2015 to 2020. In this instance, ECC and HA presented similar change trends in relation to the MECC state of Sanya Bay. Finally, (4) the overall Sanya Bay’s MECC was also at load capacity and weakened, fluctuating between 2015 and 2020. These findings indicate that the coastal area of Sanya Bay is capable of sustainable development, but that there is a need for further eco-environmental improvement. The results of this study can serve as a reference when decisions have to be made about coastal management from an environmental and ecological perspective. Furthermore, this method may provide a feasible approach for integrated MECCA in other coastal areas.
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Souza, Priscila Emerich, and João Luiz Nicolodi. "Coastal Vulnerability Assessment using geoindicators: case study of Rio Grande do Sul coastline." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, no. 3 (September 2016): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016124106403.
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Abstract Geoindicators are means adopted for the measurement of geological processes and phenomena that occur at or near the Earth's surface and vary significantly over periods of 100 years or less. These tools have focused on assessing geological impacts and risks over the last three decades. However, the use of geoindicators is not widely known and has not been as greatly exploited as have most environmental indicators. The objective of this study is to contribute to the diffusion of information about and the application of geoindicators. We have defined, in terms of geoindicators, parameters and aspects of coastal environments that are commonly studied or monitored. The geoindicators proposed were designed for assessing coastal physical vulnerability in the case of the coastal beaches of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four geoindicators were defined and tested: the height and morpho-ecological state of the foredunes, shoreline position, and washout concentrations. An additional sócio-environmental indicator was included, sanitary quality. These indicators were brought together to constitute a Physical Vulnerability Index that represented seven locations along the coastline assessed. In addition, the indicators and Index values were used to generate a cartographic map that could be understood by the public and used by decision makers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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DEMARCHI, ALESSANDRO. "COASTAL STATE INDICATORS AND COASTAL VULNERABILITY INDEXES TO IMPROVE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS. The case study of the Catalan Coast." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2644852.
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Half of the world's population lives within 60 km of the sea and this figure is likely to rise up to 75% by the year 2025. The extraordinary development of the built environment and of the population densities in the coastal areas are making coastal communities highly exposed. The sea level rise induced by climate change is worsening this coastal vulnerability scenario and a considerable amount of people are expected to be susceptible to and threatened by coastal flooding in the near future.
Given that the northern part of the Mediterranean coastal areas is location of critical infrastructure and buildings, it represents one of the most highly exposed coastal area in the world. Its shores are indeed characterized by high rate of population densities and economic activities that extremely increase the risk of facing impacts and losses subsequent to hydro-meteorological hazards.
Considering the rising values of both occurrence and magnitude of storm-induced damages, adequate assessment and forecasting tools are needed in order to enhance the resilience of coastal systems and thus the capability to reduce disaster risks and cascading effects. In particular, thanks to more sophisticated and improved numerical tools, coastal observations and data collection, it is now possible to implement in a timely manner operational morphodynamic predictions able to reduce coastal risk linked to incoming storms. In this scenario, the Integrated COastal Alert SysTem (iCoast) project has been aimed at developing a tool able to address coastal risks caused by extreme waves and high sea water levels in European coastal areas.
In the framework of iCoast, a set of Coastal State Indicators (CSIs) has been developed in order to improve the forecasting and the assessment of coastal risks. CSIs are indeed parameters able to provide end-users with an essential information about coastal hazards and related impacts. CSIs have been chosen as parameters that can be retrieved from the meteorological and the hydrodynamic modules. They include both physical variables used as trigger for meteorological and flood warnings from the majority of the operational National/Regional warning systems and further essential parameters, so called ‘storm integrated’ coastal-storm indicators, which describe the physical processes that drive coastal damages, such as erosion, accumulation, flooding, destructions.
With the target of improving, produce and disclose/spread more efficient general warning messages, in the iCoast approach, specific sets of CSIs have been selected subsequently to their aggregation, weighting and comparison with established thresholds. In such a way, it has been possible and easier to deliver, tailored and adapted alert messages in relation to the different end-users characteristics and requirements.
In the present study, the set of CSIs chosen in the framework of the iCoast Project is presented along with their performances tested for the case study of the Spanish NW Mediterranean Coast (i.e. Catalan Coast) while hypothetic risk scenarios are subsequently delineated and analysed.
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Aly, Ahmed Bakr Mourad. "Sustainable Beach Resort Development: A Decision Framework for Coastal Resort Development in Egypt and the United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77967.
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In recent decades, coastal tourism has grown significantly bringing enormous economic benefits to host communities, and causing many environmental and social impacts to the coastal environment. Beach resort development faces problems due to an inability on the part of stakeholders to make sound decisions about sustainable design due, in part, to the complexity of the sustainability issues and the lack of a comprehensive decision-making tool to assist them. In Egypt, design and planning regulations have not changed for decades, resulting in non-sustainable beach resort development. This study provides a "decision framework," a conceptual "Sustainable Design Model," which shifts the focus of stakeholders from the application of traditional physical carrying capacity procedures to a comprehensive approach linking sustainability indicators and carrying capacities. This approach includes an array of acceptable capacities based on the ecological, social, psychological, physical, economic, and managerial capacity thresholds of a site. This framework assists stakeholders in making rational decisions about what is to be built, where it is located, and how to build it. To test the model, a survey was conducted at 10 beach resort destinations (5 American, 5 Egyptian) to measure the difference in perceptions between stakeholders concerning sustainability indicators and carrying capacities. The instrument was determined valid and reliable using a test/retest procedure. A total of 276 responses were obtained for data analysis. Statistical analyses included frequency distribution, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), factor analysis, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Sample demographic information was also collected. Results revealed a strong link between sustainability indicators and carrying capacity thresholds. While both Egyptian and American respondents recognized the importance of sensitive environmental developments, there were significant differences due to differences in culture, environment, regulations, and priorities. The American sample placed greater importance on the ecological indicators, while the Egyptian sample placed greater importance on the social, psychological, and managerial indicators. The American sample conveyed a positive attitude toward government regulations, design, and management efforts to incorporate sustainability principles into the built environment, while the Egyptian respondents conveyed a more negative attitude. As a result of this study, future Egyptian policy may be better informed of the gap between the theoretical concepts of sustainability and real world coastal development implementation.Ph. D.
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Wendelberger, Kristie Susan. "Evaluating plant community response to sea level rise and anthropogenic drying: Can life stage and competitive ability be used as indicators in guiding conservation actions?" FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2558.
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Increasing sea levels and anthropogenic disturbances have caused the world’s coastal vegetation to decline 25-50% in the past 50 years. Future sea level rise (SLR) rates are expected to increase, further threatening coastal habitats. In combination with SLR, the Everglades ecosystem has undergone large-scale drainage and restoration changing Florida’s coastal vegetation. Everglades National Park (ENP) has 21 coastal plant species threatened by SLR. My dissertation focuses on three aspects of coastal plant community change related to SLR and dehydration. 1) I assessed the extent and direction coastal communities—three harboring rare plant species—shifted from 1978 to 2011. I created a classified vegetation map and compared it to a 1978 map. I hypothesized coastal communities transitioned from less salt- and inundation-tolerant to more salt- and inundation-tolerant communities. I found communities shifted as hypothesized, suggesting the site became saltier and wetter. Additionally, all three communities harboring rare plants shrunk in size. 2) I evaluated invading halophyte (salt-tolerant) plant influence on soil salinity via a replacement series greenhouse experiment. I used two halophytes and two glycophytes (non-salt-tolerant) to look at soil salinity over time under 26 and 38‰ groundwater. I hypothesized that halophytes increase soil salinity as compared to glycophytes through continued transpiration during dry, highly saline periods. My results supported halophytic influence on soil salinity; however, not from higher transpiration rates. Osmotic or ionic stress likely decreased glycophytic biomass resulting in less overall plant transpiration. 3) I assessed the best plant life-stage to use for on-the-ground plot-based community change monitoring. I tested the effects of increasing salinity (0, 5, 15, 30, and 45‰) on seed germination and seedling establishment of five coastal species, and compared my results to salinity effects on one-year olds and adults of the same species. I hypothesized that seedling establishment was the most vulnerable life-stage to salt stress. The results supported my hypothesis; seedling establishment is the life-stage best monitored for community change. Additionally, I determined the federally endangered plant Chromolaena frustrata’s salinity tolerance. The species was sensitive to salinity >5‰ at all developmental stages suggesting C. frustrata is highly threatened by SLR.
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Losee, James P. "Trophically transmitted parasites as ecosystem indicators : relationships among parasite community structure, juvenile salmon diet composition, and ocean conditions." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29897.
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Recent research conducted throughout the Northern California Current (NCC) on the ecology of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) indicates that variable ocean conditions affect the community composition of zooplankton in the nearshore environment which, in turn, can affect the quality of prey for fish, sea birds and mammals. Interannual variability in the quality and composition of the copepod community in the NCC during early marine residency of some Pacific salmon populations is related to survival to adulthood. However, copepods make up a small portion of the diet of coho and Chinook salmon, and the mechanistic linkages between ocean climate, zooplankton composition and salmon prey remain unclear. Parasite analysis provides a supplement to traditional diet analysis that can describe the foraging history of a host species. Coho salmon (O. kisutch) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) serve as hosts to an array of marine parasites acquired through consumption of infected intermediate hosts such as copepods, euphausiids, and planktivorous fishes. Causing little or no harm to their salmon host, the presence of trophically transmitted parasites provides information on the dietary history of their salmonid host beyond the 24 hours associated with traditional diet analysis.
This study (1) examined differences in feeding behavior of coho and Chinook salmon during their early marine residency using both stomach and parasite community analyses and (2) tested the hypothesis that variability in ocean circulation patterns (measured through the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, sea surface temperature (SST) and Bakun's upwelling index) and copepod species composition are related to variability in the community structure of trophically transmitted marine parasites found in juvenile salmon. I compared the abundance and species composition of parasites recovered from juvenile Columbia River coho and upper Columbia River summer and fall Chinook salmon captured off the coast of Washington from 2002 to 2009. I also compared interannual variability in parasite assemblages to physical and biological indices of ocean conditions.
Coho and Chinook salmon consumed similar prey taxa; however, the species richness and abundance of trophically transmitted parasites indicated that Chinook salmon consumed a greater diversity and abundance of infected prey. In addition, differences in the abundance of fish in the diet and Anisakis simplex, a parasitic nematode known to infect salmon through fish consumption, suggest that Chinook salmon consistently consumed more fish prey than coho. In contrast, coho appeared to consume more euphausiids as indicated by stomach content analysis and increased abundance of the euphausiid parasite, Rhadinorhynchus trachuri. Shifts in the parasite community composition of both coho and Chinook salmon were related to interannual variability in SST and the biomass of southern-origin copepods (r > 0.7, P < 0.05). The acanthocephalan R. trachuri and a tetraphyllid cestode were associated with "warm" SSTs and greater biomass of lipid-poor, subtropical copepods while the nematode A. simplex was more abundant in years of "cold" SST and a relatively low biomass of subtropical copepods. These results provide novel insight into differences in the diet of Columbia River coho and Chinook salmon and illustrate linkages between ocean climate, zooplankton community composition and salmon diet during early marine residency.Graduation date: 2012
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Freeman, Peter M. "A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35062.
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As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. A central challenge of implementing MSP is development of a rigorous approach for analyzing tradeoffs across the provision of ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature). This study develops an operational approach to this problem that is founded on community-based methods, ecological production theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach merges ecological models with surveys to identify marine ecosystem services for use in tradeoff analysis. The approach allows for a single set of marine ecosystem services to at once be valued by local stakeholders and measured by biologists, thus connecting social and biological monitoring efforts.
To develop the approach in a real-world context, I examined ecosystem services associated with nearshore marine ecosystems in Oregon, where marine reserves are being introduced for biodiversity conservation. I worked with stakeholder focus groups in three Oregon communities to identify 24 marine ecosystem services. I then linked the ecosystem services with ecological indicators, which I then consolidated to derive 11 items for use in a survey-based tradeoff analysis exercise. I administered the survey to a nonrandom sample of stakeholders in Oregon (n=31), from which their relative preferences and preference weights for ecosystem services were derived. The weights and preference measures may then be used in MSP decision-making.
Furthermore, I grouped the stakeholder survey data in three ways: by location of residence (coastal vs. non-coastal), by eight categories of affiliation (e.g., business owners, conservationists, commercial and recreational fishers, etc.), and by resource use patterns. I then analyzed the various groupings of stakeholders for within- and between-group homogeneity of preferences. Results of the analyses showed that there are statistically significant variations in preferences within and between most groupings. Capturing the variations in stakeholder preferences is important when developing policies that affect different stakeholder groups. Thus, when implementing the survey instrument, I suggest random sampling of stakeholders stratified by location, affiliation, and resource use.
This study provides one of the first examples of a systems-based approach to ecosystem service valuation operationalized to inform MSP, and novel features of the approach have a number of implications for advancing marine research and management. First, by using stakeholders to identify ecosystem services, the approach allows for a tailored implementation of ecosystem-based management at the community level. Second, by integrating ecological and economic information on the provision and value of ecosystem services, the approach provides relevant data for MSP decision-making during the siting, evaluation, and monitoring stages. And third, by applying both stated-preference and MCDA methods, the approach may capture the array of values represented by diverse stakeholder groups.Graduation date: 2013
Books on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Economics and Social Analysis Division., ed. Fishing communities of the United States, 2006. Silver Spring, MD: Economics and Social Analysis Division, Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2009.
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United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Economics and Social Analysis Division., ed. Fishing communities of the United States, 2006. Silver Spring, MD: Economics and Social Analysis Division, Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2009.
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United States. Government Accountability Office. Homeland security: Some progress made, but many challenges remain on U.S. visitor and immigrant status indicator technology program : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: Government Accountability Office, 2005.
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The Coastal Zone Management ACT: Developing a Framework for Identifying Performance Indicators. H. John Heinz III Center for Science Economic, 2003.
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Chernykh, O. N., and V. D. Naumov. Ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures of a meliorative hydroelectric complex with an earth dam. Publishing house of the Russian state agrarian University UN-TA im. K. A. Timiryazeva, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1936-9-2022-172.
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The training manual contains information on ensuring safety and improving the reliability of the operation of the main structures of the reclamation hydroelectric complex with an earth dam and an open coastal spillway. It contains methodological bases for assessing the safety of low-pressure and medium-pressure waterworks according to diagnostic indicators. Given the monitoring information, recommendations are given for their calculations, design of additional emergency spillways, operation and reconstruction. The textbook is intended for the development of theoretical material and the implementation of term papers, settlement-graphic and final works by bachelors in the direction of 20.03.02 Environmental management and water use focus Water resources management and environmental hydraulic structures of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, recommended by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Management and Water Use for use in the educational process.
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Saunders, Rebecca. Archaic Shell Mounds in the American Southeast. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.75.
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Freshwater and estuarine shellfish began to be exploited in the southeastern United States between 9000 and 7000 b.p. Shortly thereafter, shell mounds appeared in the mid-South Shell Mound Archaic, along the St. Johns River in peninsular Florida, and, somewhat later, in the Stallings Island area along the middle Savannah River. On the lower Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, shell rings arose. Until recently, all these mounds were considered middens—the accumulations of the remains of simple meals of mobile peoples who visited the same areas for hundreds or thousands of years. More recent scholarship indicates that these mounds were deliberate constructions—some of the first sculpted landscapes created by Archaic peoples to memorialize the past, celebrate the present, and provide for the future. In this chapter, recent research on shell sites in these four areas is discussed. The emphasis is on changing perspectives about the peoples who built them.
Book chapters on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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Drius, Mita, Alessandra Pugnetti, and Lucia Bongiorni. "Disentangling Trade-Offs Between the State of Coastal Ecosystems with Human Well-Being and Activities as a Strategy Addressing Sustainable Tourism." In Human-Nature Interactions, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_3.
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Significance StatementCoastal tourism is a major driver for the local and regional economy of many Mediterranean areas. At the same time, this industry generates threats that, added to those produced by other coastal human activities, substantially damage the coastal and marine environment. A damaged environment cannot provide many fundamental benefits for coastal tourism itself, such as for instance clear water, coastal protection and natural beauty. We propose a framework for unravelling the threats and benefits related to coastal tourism, and we present two lists of indicators of coastal tourism sustainability, to monitor the impact of coastal tourism on the natural environment (threat indicators), and to assess which threat mitigation measures can counteract it (enabling factor indicators).
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Amadi, Luke A., and Henry Alapiki. "Environmental Security Threats and Policy Response in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 1990-2016." In Handbook of Research on Environmental Policies for Emergency Management and Public Safety, 189–208. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3194-4.ch010.
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In recent years, environmental security in the coastal Niger Delta has had a growing scholarly interest from divergent perspectives seeking for broader elucidation and understanding of State policy response. These security threats notably oil spill, water and land pollution, gas flaring, acid rain, mangrove deforestation, etc are linked to the Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs)and oil resource exploitation. These have been perverse, resulting in ecological breakdown, vulnerability, emergency and environmental insecurity challenges since at least the 1970s when oil in the region became the main stay of Nigeria's economy. This conceptual paper builds on the political ecology framework which discusses the impact of global power asymmetry on natural resource extraction and extensive body of work in the broad field of environmental security to explore salient indicators which demonstrate the evidence of environmental insecurity threats and poor State policy response and made some recommendations.
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Amadi, Luke A., and Henry Alapiki. "Environmental Security Threats and Policy Response in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 1990-2016." In National Security, 694–713. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7912-0.ch035.
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In recent years, environmental security in the coastal Niger Delta has had a growing scholarly interest from divergent perspectives seeking for broader elucidation and understanding of State policy response. These security threats notably oil spill, water and land pollution, gas flaring, acid rain, mangrove deforestation, etc are linked to the Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs)and oil resource exploitation. These have been perverse, resulting in ecological breakdown, vulnerability, emergency and environmental insecurity challenges since at least the 1970s when oil in the region became the main stay of Nigeria's economy. This conceptual paper builds on the political ecology framework which discusses the impact of global power asymmetry on natural resource extraction and extensive body of work in the broad field of environmental security to explore salient indicators which demonstrate the evidence of environmental insecurity threats and poor State policy response and made some recommendations.
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Kharytonova, Yuliia, and Vasil Dyadichko. "LONG-TERM CHANGES OF COPEPODA (CRUSTACEA) ABUNDANCE AND BIOMASS IN THE DANUBE AND ODESA REGIONS OF THE BLACK SEA AS INDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-21.
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Copepoda are the most important zooplanktonic group constituting the primary food for fish larvae and some fishes. Copepoda have the longest life cycles among the Black Sea mesozooplankton, so their biomass and percentage of total zooplankton biomass is greatly reduced by eutrophication. The percentage of Copepoda from the total biomass of zooplankton is a reliable indicator of the ecological status of the water bodies. For the Black Sea marine waters the indicator of “good” ecological status (GES) is the average annual biomass of Copepoda, which exceeds 45% of the total biomass of zooplankton. Changes of total biomass of zooplankton, biomass of Copepoda, the abundance and biomass of dominant species – Oithona davisae Ferrari F. D. & Orsi, 1984, Acartia (Acartiura) clausi Giesbrecht, 1889 and A. (Acanthacartia) tonsa Dana, 1849 in the Danube and Odesa marine regions from 1970 to 2019 were analysed. Also the ecological quality class in the Nort-Western part of Black sea by Copepoda indicators from 2004 to 2017 were established according to Water Framework Directive US. The total zooplankton biomass had been decreasing in Ukrainian waters and % of Copepoda from total zooplankton biomass was increasing. These tendencies shown a positive change in the forage base of commercial planktophagous fishes and ecological class status of the investigated aquatories. The abundance and biomass of O. davisae, A. clausi and A. tonsa were decreased from 2016 to 2019. The highest values of their metrics were in 2016 and the lowest rates observed in 2019. O. davisae, A. clausi and A. tonsa were the main components of copepods number and biomass. The Acartia species formed higher part of Copepoda biomass than O. davisae. The ecological state was “good” (GES) only in Danube-Dnieper coastal waters and Danube delta in 2004–2017 where Copepoda formed more than 45 % of total zooplankton biomass. In waters of Northwester Black Sea bays, shallow and deepwater shelfs the ecological state was “Bad” (notGES), the part of Copepoda was lower than 45 %.
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Link, Jason S., and Anthony R. Marshak. "The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region." In Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, 113–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843463.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the Mid-Atlantic region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. While containing lower numbers of managed taxa among the eight regional U.S. marine ecosystems, this region has relatively well-managed state and federal fisheries that are important both nationally and along the U.S. Atlantic coast, including Atlantic menhaden, blue crab, eastern oyster, black sea bass, summer flounder, and striped bass. The Mid-Atlantic is an environment that is subject to stressors that include habitat loss, coastal development, nutrient loading, climate-related species range shifts, hurricanes, other ocean uses, and proliferation of invasive species. Overall, EBFM progress has been made at the regional and subregional level in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments. While information has been obtained and models developed, only partial progress has been observed toward applying ecosystem-level emergent properties or reference points into management frameworks. While the Mid-Atlantic is leading in many aspects of its LMR and ecosystem-centric efforts, challenges remain toward effectively implementing additional facets of EBFM, and particularly enacting ecosystem-level control rules. This ecosystem is excelling in the areas of LMR and socioeconomic status, the quality of its governance system, and is relatively productive, as related to the determinants of successful LMR management.
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Klaus, Haagen D. "Life, Death, and Burial of Children on the North Coast of Peru." In Children and Childhood in Bioarchaeology, 126–70. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056807.003.0005.
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This chapter examines bioarchaeological data funerary patterns, and other contextual data derived from a sample of nearly 900 subadults who lived and died in the Lambayeque region of Peru's north coast from A.D. 900 to 1750. Paralleling various ethnohistoric perspectives, stark paleodemographic under-representation of the young in cemeteries and the preference for children as blood sacrifice victims points to the possibility that late pre-Hispanic Lambayeque childhoods involved meanings, symbolisms, and identities radically different from that of adults. Pre-Hispanic childhood may have been a liminal state, bridging supernatural and human realms. Following the Spanish conquest, indigenous experiences of childhood changed radically. Multiple skeletal indicators show that, when compared to pre-Hispanic children, many Colonial children bore much greater health burdens. Practices of childcare also changed, as millennia-old cradle boarding practices ceased rapidly in some areas. Alterations of childcare and inclusion of children into Colonial cemeteries indicates distinct changes in the cultural perception of childhood. However, the differential mortuary treatment of various children suggests that the young were still somehow distinct, as probably conceptualized in a hybrid Euro-Andean framework into the mid-18th century.
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"Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks." In Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks, edited by Richard J. Beamish, Gordon A. McFarlane, Ruston M. Sweeting, and Chrys M. Neville. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874073.ch1.
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Abstract.—Spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>are not well liked by most humans. Their flesh is not esteemed, and they annoy commercial and recreational fishermen because when caught, dogfish delay the rate at which fishermen can catch desired species. This report reviews the remarkably poor treatment of dogfish. We identify some common misconceptions about dogfish held by both the general public and biologists. We discuss why dogfish should and must, by law, be properly managed like any other species. We conclude with a list of items that are needed to ensure that humans are good stewards of dogfish and the ecosystem they share with other species. Dogfish occur commonly off the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States and are a slow growing, long-lived fish that give birth to an average of about seven live babies after a pregnancy of almost 2 years. The role of dogfish in the marine ecosystem is not well understood, but their common abundance and long life indicates that the role is probably important.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by PASCALE A. STEINER, MARCEL MICHEL, and PATRICK M. O’DONNELL. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch15.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The goal of this report is to contribute to existing information on the occurrence and distribution of elasmobranch species found in the mangrove estuary of the Ten Thousand Islands located in southwest Florida. A planned hydrologic restoration shall occur in this area in the near future, and this baseline data will be beneficial in documenting how changes in freshwater flow may influence top predators in this system. Sampling was conducted from 1997 to 2002 using a combination of gill nets and longlines. A total of 1862 elasmobranchs, including 17 species representing eight families, were reported. A total of 1,377 sharks, including nine species from three families, and 485 rajiformes, including eight species from five families, were captured. Sharks and rajiformes were caught in every month of the year, though there was large variation in the occurrence of species per month. Comparing fishing gears, 94% of all sharks were caught with gill nets and 6% were caught with longlines, while 100% of rajiformes were caught in gill nets. More than 52% of all shark catches were bonnetheads <em>Sphyrna tiburo</em>, 24% were blacktip sharks <em>Carcharhinus limbatus</em>, and 15% were bull sharks <em>C. leucas</em>. All other shark species were far less abundant (<5% of total sharks). Cownose rays <em>Rhinoptera bonasus </em>comprised almost 50% of the total catches of rajiformes, followed by stingrays <em>Dasyatis </em>sp. at 24% and spotted eagle rays <em>Aetobatus narinari </em>at 18%. All other rajiformes were less abundant (≤6%). This study delivers the first comprehensive account of the Ten Thousand Islands’ elasmobranch community with indications of its use as a shark nursery area.
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Holcolmbe, Troy L., and Carla J. Moore. "Data Sources, Management, and Presentation." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0020.
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In the previous chapters, the various techniques for delimiting the continental shelf have been outlined. However many continental shelf claims will be developed largely on the basis of existing information. Therefore, a coastal state should begin its article 76 implementation by assembling and reviewing all available information that is relevant for determining the outer limit of the continental shelf, and for assessing the resource potential beyond 200 nautical miles (M). Data compilation activities tend to be labor-intensive, and the amount of time needed for their successful execution depends to a large extent upon the quantity and condition of the data sets, the skill and experience of the compilation staff, and the data-handling facilities at their disposal. However, it is reasonably safe to assume that almost any compilation of existing data will be less expensive than mobilizing and executing a field program for collecting new data, so it is usually more cost-effective to begin with a compilation. Even if the data compilation operation serves primarily to demonstrate the inadequacy of existing data, it will serve a useful purpose by identifying specifically where and what kind of new information is needed. To satisfy the requirements of article 76, and to provide a foundation for an understanding of the resources within the continental shelf, we are concerned primarily with data in the fields of hydrography, geodesy, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry and their subdisciplines. Such data are usually characterized by their spatial variations, in two or three dimensions, which are of a far greater magnitude than any temporal changes, as for example in the case of gravity anomaly data. However, the temporal variation of some geoscience parameters is becoming increasingly important as an indicator of environmental change. Because of the importance of their spatial changes with respect to the delineation of the continental shelf, the traditional form of presentation of geoscience data has been as maps. Whereas maps provide an excellent visualization of the data field, they may not be sufficient to carry out the analysis needed to satisfy article 76, and increasingly, digital data, profiles, and other data forms are becoming necessary.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by CHRISTOPHER W. D. GURSHIN. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch9.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Data are lacking for shark nursery grounds along Georgia’s coast that would be useful in development of species-specific fishery management plans. The purpose of this survey was to describe the use of Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, Georgia as nursery grounds for sharks. Relative abundance, length–frequency distribution, spatial and temporal occurrence, and feeding habits were determined for Atlantic sharpnose sharks <em>Rhizoprionodon terraenovae </em>(<EM>N </EM>= 305), blacktip sharks <em>Carcharhinus limbatus </em>(<EM>N </EM>= 65), finetooth sharks <em>C. isodon </em>(<EM>N </EM>= 38), and bonnetheads <em>Sphyrna tiburo </em>(<EM>N </EM>= 16) from 35 trammel net collections during June–August 1997. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Atlantic sharpnose sharks (26.4 sharks/h) was significantly higher than CPUE of blacktip sharks (5.6 sharks/h), finetooth sharks (3.3 sharks/h), and bonnetheads (1.4 sharks/h) for the entire study. Atlantic sharpnose sharks were significantly more abundant in early July (81.8 sharks/h) than in other periods in the summer season. In general, the trend of relative abundance (CPUE) for each species was higher in July than other months. All species occurred throughout most of the sampling area except in upper Duplin River for blacktip and finetooth sharks and middle Duplin River for finetooth sharks. Mean CPUE of Atlantic sharpnose sharks was significantly higher than CPUE of all other species in Doboy Sound and CPUE of finetooth sharks and bonnetheads in lower Duplin River. Blacktip sharks (7.6 sharks/h) were significantly more abundant than bonnetheads (0.3 sharks/h) in Doboy Sound. Water temperature and salinity during capture were 25–32°C and 22–31 parts per thousand (ppt) for Atlantic sharpnose sharks, 22–31°C and 22– 26 ppt for blacktip sharks, 25–30°C and 22–26 ppt for finetooth sharks, and 23–30°C and 23–26 ppt for bonnetheads. Atlantic sharpnose, blacktip, and finetooth sharks were mostly represented by young-of-the-year (YOY) individuals. A qualitative analysis of stomach contents suggested that teleosts formed the majority of the diet for blacktip and finetooth sharks, a variety of prey items, including teleosts, penaeids, stomatopods, cephalopods, and brachyurans for Atlantic sharpnose sharks, and exclusively crustaceans, particularly blue crabs <em>Callinectes sapidus</em>, for bonnetheads. The length–frequency distribution and occurrence of YOY- and juvenile-sized individuals feeding on a variety of prey common to the estuary indicates the use of this estuarine system as primary and secondary nursery grounds for Atlantic sharpnose, blacktip, and finetooth sharks and as a secondary nursery ground for bonnetheads during the summer of 1997.
Conference papers on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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Brière, Christophe, and Henk F. P. van den Boogaard. "REGRESSION MODELS AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF COASTAL STATE INDICATORS." In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814277426_0346.
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Dunaev, Nikolay, Nikolay Dunaev, Tatiana Repkina, and Tatiana Repkina. "ACCUMULATIVE COASTS AS RELIABLE INDICATORS OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE SEA LEVEL DURING THE HOLOCENE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9433aaf058.59006573.
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Currently, there is no single view of the Holocene global sea level kinematics. At the same time, the question of a possibility of it exceeding the current sea level by several meters is be-ing debated. The accumulative coasts of nearly tide-free seas, in areas where the vertical di-rection of coastal movement remained unchanged are the most convenient objects for study-ing this major paleogeographic issue. Effects of the sea level fluctuations are revealed in the resulting geomorphological structure and in the nature of sediment areas of the coastal zone developing in an accumulative mode. If the Holocene sea level exceeds its modern marks, then ladders of accumulative terraces would have formed over different parts of the coast. The heights of the terrace ladders would correspond to the amplitudes of these exceedances. The lower sediment levels should reflect the transgressive character of their formation in the structure of geological section, while the higher levels would reflect the regressions. The coast of the Thatcher Peninsula, located in the Bay of Cumberland microcontinent of the South Georgia (Antarctic) was the focus of our research. It was established that the Holo-cene sea level in the region reached its current state no later than about one thousand years ago and did not exceed it, being subjected to only minor fluctuations of the synoptic scale. The accumulative terraces are located in fragments. The differences in their absolute eleva-tions are related to their correspondence to different tectonic units experiencing differenti-ated uplift.
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Dunaev, Nikolay, Nikolay Dunaev, Tatiana Repkina, and Tatiana Repkina. "ACCUMULATIVE COASTS AS RELIABLE INDICATORS OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE SEA LEVEL DURING THE HOLOCENE." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43162f1f85.
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Currently, there is no single view of the Holocene global sea level kinematics. At the same time, the question of a possibility of it exceeding the current sea level by several meters is be-ing debated. The accumulative coasts of nearly tide-free seas, in areas where the vertical di-rection of coastal movement remained unchanged are the most convenient objects for study-ing this major paleogeographic issue. Effects of the sea level fluctuations are revealed in the resulting geomorphological structure and in the nature of sediment areas of the coastal zone developing in an accumulative mode. If the Holocene sea level exceeds its modern marks, then ladders of accumulative terraces would have formed over different parts of the coast. The heights of the terrace ladders would correspond to the amplitudes of these exceedances. The lower sediment levels should reflect the transgressive character of their formation in the structure of geological section, while the higher levels would reflect the regressions. The coast of the Thatcher Peninsula, located in the Bay of Cumberland microcontinent of the South Georgia (Antarctic) was the focus of our research. It was established that the Holo-cene sea level in the region reached its current state no later than about one thousand years ago and did not exceed it, being subjected to only minor fluctuations of the synoptic scale. The accumulative terraces are located in fragments. The differences in their absolute eleva-tions are related to their correspondence to different tectonic units experiencing differenti-ated uplift.
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VALENTINI, NICO, YANN BALOUIN, THIBAULT LAIGRE, CLEMENT BOUVIER, REMI BELON, and ALESSANDRA SAPONIERI. "INVESTIGATION ON THE CAPABILITIES OF LOW-COST AND SMARTPHONE-BASED COASTAL IMAGERY FOR DERIVING COASTAL STATE VIDEO INDICATORS: APPLICATIONS ON THE UPPER MEDITERRANEAN." In International Conference on Coastal Sediments 2019. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0226.
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Alves Zapater, Juan Antonio. "La construcción de sistemas de indicadores de sostenibilidad socioambiental y urbana: el caso de Playa Central en la ciudad Balnerario Camboriú (SC, Brasil) y la zona costera este en la ciudad de Montevideo (Uruguay)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6191.
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La carencia de instrumentos de evaluación, que integren y articulen la complejidad de los aspectos involucrados en las costas urbanas, es uno de los grandes desafíos para las políticas públicas costeras en América Latina. La inclusión de instrumentos de monitoreo y control, que permitan visualizar e identificar el estado de las cualidades socioambientales y urbanas, así como las mejorías o empobrecimiento de las calidades de vida de sus habitantes, son necesarios para la generación de políticas responsables y participativas. Para ello se propone elaborar un Sistema de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad aplicable en la Playa Central de la ciudad Balnerario Camboriú y la zona costera este en la ciudad de Montevideo. Para su realización se ejecutaran cuatro fases de trabajo. El trabajo permitirá identificar los indicadores más robustos y con mayor adherencia para la evaluación, validación y posterior toma de decisiones en los procesos de políticas públicas costeras urbanas. The lack of instruments of evaluation that integrate and articulate the complexity of the issues involved in urban coast, is one of the major challenges for public policy coastal in Latin America. The inclusions of instruments of monitoring and control, that allow visualize and identify the state of socio-environmental and urban qualities, well as the improvements or impoverishment of the quality of life of its inhabitants, are necessary for the generation of responsible and participatory policies. For this, proposes development a system of indicators Sustainability applicable in Playa Central in Balnerario Camboriú and the east coast in the city of Montevideo. For the realization the labor will be executed in four phases. The work will identify the indicators more robust and most grip for the evaluation, validation and subsequent decision-making processes of urban coastal public policy.
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Guo, Zijian, Zicheng Xia, and Wenyuan Wang. "Research on one-way channel conversion strategy of coastal ports based on system simulation." In The 21st International Conference on Harbor, Maritime and Multimodal Logistic Modeling & Simulation. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.hms.008.
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The waterway is the necessary passage for ships to enter and leave the port. From the perspective of cost, many coastal port channels are one-way channels, it alternates as an inbound channel and an outbound channel. The oneway channel conversion strategy refers to when it is used as an inbound channel and when it is used as an outbound channel. By constructing a simulation model, this paper simulates the one-way channel conversion strategy that uses a fixed time period conversion, a conversion considering a certain number of outbound ships, and a conversion with the combination of time and number of outbound ships to achieve the best state of the port's overall operations. By comparing the port service level, traffic capacity of waterway, ships waiting time and other indicators, a one-way channel conversion strategy suitable for port operations is recommended.
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Dyukova, A. S., A. B. Evgrafova, and A. A. Tretiakova. "EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LAKE OF THE GALICHIAN KOSTROM REGION BY THE CONDITION OF THE COASTAL WATER VEGETATION." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-38.
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Data on the diversity of coastal and aquatic vegetation of Lake Galich in the Kostroma region are presented. An assessment of the ecological state of the lake is given based on indicator plant species and the state of coastal water vegetation.
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Beard-Sylvester, Tracey. "URBAN SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/wrxt3932.
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This research seeks to develop an urban sustainability framework specific to Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This is relevant given the reality that Caribbean SIDS are becoming increasingly urbanised. The three most urbanised countries within the Caribbean region; namely, the Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago and Suriname are more than 70 percent urbanised. If the built environment within urban areas is developed in an unsustainable manner this can result in a number of negative outcomes. For example, a major challenge faced in Caribbean SIDS is that of disaster risk and management due to the location of human settlements and critical infrastructure in low lying coastal lands. If more sustainable outcomes are to be attained in the face of increased urbanisation, there is a need for a change in the way spatial planning is practiced. Indicators can provide planners with an empirical basis for the examination and review of the relevant plans and policies which guide the way in which planning is practiced. There exist a number of urban indicator frameworks, which suggest useful indicators including the World Bank Urban Sustainability Framework (USF) and the Inter-American Development Bank Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI). These two frameworks are critically examined and with the use of Trinidad as a case study island, the ways in which indicators can be useful in efforts toward increased urban sustainability within SIDS is discussed.
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Takhteev, V. V., D. A. Batranin, I. O. Eropova, E. B. Govorukhina, and S. I. Didorenko. "NIGHT MIGRATION COMPLEX OF ENDEMIC AMFIPOD AS AN INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATE BAIKAL LAKE." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-37.
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With the ongoing anthropogenic eutrophication of the Lake Baikal there is an increase in the abundance not only of aquatic vegetation, but also organismsconsumers. As consumers of vegetable detritus are crustaceans – amphipods, which, by eating detritus, partially reduce the pollution of the lake with rotting organic matter. A significant increase in their number is evidenced by the increase in the abundance of amphipods in the nocturnal migratory complex in the coastal pelagic zone.
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Smith, Warren F., Ahmad F. Mohamad Ayob, and Tapabrata Ray. "The Design of High Speed Planing Craft Using an Optimization Framework." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85844.
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High speed planing craft as a unique vessel type play key commercial roles in niche passenger ferrying and high value cargo transport. In addition, they are used to support several critical maritime activities such as coastal surveillance, reconnaissance, and life-saving operations and many recreational pursuits. Formal optimization frameworks, despite their significant use across a range of domains, have rarely been proposed and developed to deal with the design challenges of high speed planing craft. Highlighted in this paper is an optimization framework drawing on both domain dependent and domain independent elements for the conceptual and preliminary design of high speed planing craft. A summary of the principal components of the optimization framework are presented, followed by several case study examples. The solvers developed and employed are classified as being population based, evolutionary and stochastic in nature. These characteristics are well suited to design space exploration in all engineering and decision making contexts. Within the case studies presented, the sample key performance indicators include calm water resistance, resistance in waves, seakeeping and manoeuvring. The concept of scenario-based hydrodynamic design optimization is introduced using an example of a small rescue craft operating in a predefined sea-state. Finally, a multi-objective optimization case study considering total resistance, steady turning diameter and vertical impact acceleration is presented to demonstrate the capability to explore trade-offs while at the same time providing an understanding of the design intent of a basis ship. This work has significant purpose and relevance in both ab-initio and reverse engineering contexts. It also has natural extensions in both depth of analysis and breadth of application.
Reports on the topic "Coastal State Indicators"
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Pstuty, Norbert, Mark Duffy, Dennis Skidds, Tanya Silveira, Andrea Habeck, Katherine Ames, and Glenn Liu. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Geomorphological Monitoring Protocol: Part I—Ocean Shoreline Position, Version 2. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293713.
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Following a review of Vital Signs – indicators of ecosystem health – in the coastal parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN), knowledge of shoreline change was ranked as the top variable for monitoring. Shoreline change is a basic element in the management of any coastal system because it contributes to the understanding of the functioning of the natural resources and to the administration of the cultural resources within the parks. Collection of information on the vectors of change relies on the establishment of a rigorous system of protocols to monitor elements of the coastal geomorphology that are guided by three basic principles: 1) all of the elements in the protocols are to be based on scientific principles; 2) the products of the monitoring must relate to issues of importance to park management; and 3) the application of the protocols must be capable of implementation at the local level within the NCBN. Changes in ocean shoreline position are recognized as interacting with many other elements of the Ocean Beach-Dune Ecosystem and are thus both driving and responding to the variety of natural and cultural factors active at the coast at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The direction and magnitude of shoreline change can be monitored through the application of a protocol that tracks the spatial position of the neap-tide, high tide swash line under well-defined conditions of temporal sampling. Spring and fall surveys conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures will generate consistent and comparable shoreline position data sets that can be incorporated within a data matrix and subsequently analyzed for temporal and spatial variations. The Ocean Shoreline Position Monitoring Protocol will be applied to six parks in the NCBN: Assateague Island National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, and Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Monitoring will be accomplished with a Global Positioning System (GPS )/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unit capable of sub-meter horizontal accuracy that is usually mounted on an off-road vehicle and driven along the swash line. Under the guidance of a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Psuty et al., 2022), the monitoring will generate comparable data sets. The protocol will produce shoreline change metrics following the methodology of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by the United States Geological Survey. Annual Data Summaries and Trend Reports will present and analyze the collected data sets. All collected data will undergo rigorous quality-assurance and quality-control procedures and will be archived at the offices of the NCBN. All monitoring products will be made available via the National Park Service’s Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal.
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Mersel, Matthew K., Robert W. Lichvar, Jennifer J. Gillrich, and Lindsey E. Lefebvre. Occurrence and Distribution of Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) Indicators in Non-Perennial Streams in the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region of the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608562.
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Ramm-Granberg, Tynan, F. Rocchio, Catharine Copass, Rachel Brunner, and Eric Nelsen. Revised vegetation classification for Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic national parks: Project summary report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284511.
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Field crews recently collected more than 10 years of classification and mapping data in support of the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCCN) vegetation maps of Mount Rainier (MORA), Olympic (OLYM), and North Cascades (NOCA) National Parks. Synthesis and analysis of these 6000+ plots by Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) and Institute for Natural Resources (INR) staff built on the foundation provided by the earlier classification work of Crawford et al. (2009). These analyses provided support for most of the provisional plant associations in Crawford et al. (2009), while also revealing previously undescribed vegetation types that were not represented in the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Both provisional and undescribed types have since been submitted to the USNVC by WNHP staff through a peer-reviewed process. NCCN plots were combined with statewide forest and wetland plot data from the US Forest Service (USFS) and other sources to create a comprehensive data set for Washington. Analyses incorporated Cluster Analysis, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to identify, vet, and describe USNVC group, alliance, and association distinctions. The resulting revised classification contains 321 plant associations in 99 alliances. A total of 54 upland associations were moved through the peer review process and are now part of the USNVC. Of those, 45 were provisional or preliminary types from Crawford et al. (2009), with 9 additional new associations that were originally identified by INR. WNHP also revised the concepts of 34 associations, wrote descriptions for 2 existing associations, eliminated/archived 2 associations, and created 4 new upland alliances. Finally, WNHP created 27 new wetland alliances and revised or clarified an additional 21 as part of this project (not all of those occur in the parks). This report and accompanying vegetation descriptions, keys and synoptic and environmental tables (all products available from the NPS Data Store project reference: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2279907) present the fruit of these combined efforts: a comprehensive, up-to-date vegetation classification for the three major national parks of Washington State.