Journal articles on the topic 'Coastal plants Macquarie Island'
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1
Smith, J. M. B., and T. P. Bayliss-Smith. "Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at subantarctic Macquarie Island." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000522.
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Erosion of bedrock from lower intertidal reefs by waves acting on attached plants of bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) was investigated over one year at Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. At a site on the more sheltered east coast, such erosion occurred during four separate storms, each casting up 834–1078 large kelp plants km−1 of coast, of which 30–45% were still attached to jagged, freshly quarried bedrock fragments over 2.5 cm long. The largest fragment weighed was 74.6 kg; rounded cobbles and boulders attached to kelp plants and weighing up to 102.2 kg (and probably more than 160 kg) were also cast up on beaches. 19–21% of the standing crop of large kelp plants was removed by storms during the year of observation. Break points for 10 kelp stipes were found to be at least 90–161 kg. Total annual erosion by kelp-plucking is at least 1.56 tonnes of rock km−1 of coast. However, in terms of erosion this computes to only 0.1 mm yr−1, far below the rate of uplift of the island.
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Stephenson, Steven L., Gary A. Laursen, and Rodney D. Seppelt. "Myxomycetes of subantarctic Macquarie Island." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 4 (2007): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06169.
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Macquarie Island is an oceanic island located 1000 km south-east of Tasmania. The island, which lies close to but north of the Antarctic Convergence, is the southernmost island in the world with a fairly complete cover of vegetation. However, the vascular flora is impoverished and consists of only 46 species. During the period of late January to late April of 1995, 412 field collections of myxomycetes, representing at least 22 species in 11 genera, were obtained during the course of an intensive survey of fungal biodiversity on Macquarie Island. Moist-chamber cultures prepared with various types of plant debris yielded only 14 collections, but this total included three additional species and two additional genera. All but four of the species we recorded from the island are new records for the South Polar Region. Most field collections were associated with Stilbocarpa polaris (Araliaceae) and Pleurophyllum hookeri (Asteraceae), the usual dominants in the herbfield communities that commonly occur on upper beach slopes and coastal terraces. Trichia verrucosa (80 collections), Diderma alpinum (78) and Craterium leucocephalum (59) were the most consistently abundant myxomycetes. Other species represented by ≥15 collections were Didymium cf. dubium, Collaria lurida, Lamproderma arcyrioides and Didymium macquariense. The latter is a species new to science that was described from material collected during the present study. All of the species of myxomycetes now known to occur on Macquarie Island are members of the Trichiales, Physarales, Stemonitales or Echinosteliales; no member of the Liceales or Ceratiomyxales was ever collected.
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Saunders, Krystyna M., Dominic A. Hodgson, and Andrew McMinn. "Quantitative relationships between benthic diatom assemblages and water chemistry in Macquarie Island lakes and their potential for reconstructing past environmental changes." Antarctic Science 21, no. 1 (June 10, 2008): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001442.
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AbstractThis study is the first published survey of diatom-environment relationships on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Fifty-eight sites in 50 coastal and inland lakes were sampled for benthic diatoms and water chemistry. 208 diatom species from 34 genera were identified. Multivariate analyses indicated that the lakes were distributed along nutrient and conductivity gradients. Conductivity, pH, phosphate (SRP), silicate and temperature all explained independent portions of the variance in the diatom data. Transfer functions provide a quantitative basis for palaeolimnological studies of past climate change and human impacts, and can be used to establish baseline conditions for assessing the impacts of recent climate change and the introduction of non-native plants and animals. Statistically robust diatom transfer functions for conductivity, phosphate and silicate were developed, while pH and temperature transfer functions performed less well. The lower predictive abilities of the pH and temperature transfer functions probably reflect the broad pH tolerance range of diatoms on Macquarie Island and uneven distribution of lakes along the temperature gradient. This study contributes to understanding the current ecological distribution of Macquarie Island diatoms and provides transfer functions that will be applied in studies of diatoms in lake sediment cores to quantitatively reconstruct past environmental changes.
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Sindel, Brian M., Paul E. Kristiansen, Susan C. Wilson, Justine D. Shaw, and Laura K. Williams. "Managing invasive plants on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 6 (2017): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17073.
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The Antarctic region is one of the most inhospitable frontiers on earth for weed invasion. On Australia’s world heritage sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island only three species of invasive weeds are well established (Poa annua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill. and Cerastium fontanum Baumg.), although isolated occurrences of other species have been found and removed. These weed species are believed to have initially been introduced through human activity, a threat which is likely to increase, although strict biosecurity is in place. All three weeds are palatable and may have been suppressed to some extent by pest herbivore (rabbit) grazing. Given the high conservation value of Macquarie Island and threats to ecosystem structure and function from weed proliferation following rabbit eradication, well targeted invasive plant control management strategies are vital. We propose that a successful restoration program for Australia’s most southerly rangeland ecosystem should integrate both control of non-native plants as well as non-native herbivores. Of the non-native plants, S. media may most easily be managed, if not eradicated, because of its more limited distribution. Little, however, is known about the soil seed bank or population dynamics after rabbit eradication, nor the effect of herbicides and non-chemical control methods in cold conditions. A current research project on this non-grass species is helping to fill these knowledge gaps, complementing and building on data collected in an earlier project on the ecology and control of the more widespread invasive grass, P. annua. With an interest in off-target herbicide impacts, our work also includes a study of the movement and fate of herbicides in the cold climate Macquarie Island soils. Research in such a remote, cold, wet and windy place presents a range of logistical challenges. Nevertheless, outcomes are informing the development of effective, low-impact control or eradication options for sub-Antarctic weeds.
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Laursen, Gary A., Roland Treu, Rod D. Seppelt, and Steven L. Stephenson. "Mycorrhizal Assessment of Vascular Plants from Subantarctic Macquarie Island." Arctic and Alpine Research 29, no. 4 (November 1997): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551996.
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Harris, Stephen, Geof Copson, and Louisa d'Arville. "Notes on the sea caves of sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean." Polar Record 46, no. 2 (December 4, 2009): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990374.
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ABSTRACTCaves of marine origin occur in tectonically uplifted stacks on the coastal terrace and in plateau edge cliffs at a number of locations around Macquarie Island. Some of the caves have been located and their distributions mapped. Four of the best known caves are mapped in detail. Aspects of their geology, structure and biology, including speleothem development, clastic deposits, faunal remains and subfossil deposits are explored. Many of these caves contain deposits, which may have the potential to be investigated, as beach and peat deposits have been, for dating key time periods in the island's evolution. The palaeoenvironmental research potential of the sea caves on Macquarie Island has yet to be exploited. Further knowledge about these caves will assist in the understanding of the processes that have acted on Macquarie Island and other polar and sub-polar islands.
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RAMIREZ, MARIA ELIANA, Loretto Contreras-Porcia, MARIE-LAURE GUILLEMIN, JULIET BRODIE, CATALINA VALDIVIA, MARIA ROSA FLORES-MOLINA, ALEJANDRA NUÑEZ, CRISTIAN BULBOA CONTADOR, and CARLOS LOVAZZANO. "Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae) based on a population previously known as Porphyra columbina from the central coast of Chile." Phytotaxa 158, no. 2 (February 3, 2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.2.
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A new species of bladed Bangiales, Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov., has been described for the first time from the central coast of Chile based on morphology and molecular analyses. The new species was incorrectly known previously as Porphyra columbina (now Pyropia columbina), and it can be distinguished from other species of Pyropia through a range of morphological characteristics, including the shape, texture and colour of the thallus, and the arrangement of the reproductive structures on the foliose thalli. Molecular phylogenies based on both the mitochondrial COI and plastid rbcL gene regions enable this species to be distinguished from other species within Pyropia. P. orbicularis sp. nov. belongs to a well-supported clade of Pyropia from the southern oceans that include specimens from the South Pacific (North, South, Chatham, Stewart, Auckland, and Campbell Island, New Zealand, New South Wales, and Macquarie Island, Australia) including P. columbina and P. plicata. Within this clade, the highest sequence identity was observed between Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. and Pyropia sp. FIC from the Falkland Islands.
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Kirkpatrick, J. B., and J. J. Scott. "Change in Undisturbed Vegetation on the Coastal Slopes of Subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980-1995." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34, no. 3 (August 2002): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1552488.
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Watson, Christopher, Richard Coleman, and Roger Handsworth. "Coastal Tide Gauge Calibration: A Case Study at Macquarie Island Using GPS Buoy Techniques." Journal of Coastal Research 244 (July 2008): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0844.1.
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Kirkpatrick, J. B., and J. J. Scott. "Change in Undisturbed Vegetation on the Coastal Slopes of Subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980–1995." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34, no. 3 (August 2002): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2002.12003498.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, and John K. Ling. "Records of vagrant phocid seals (family Phocidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 2 (2012): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11036.
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Five species of phocid seal of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica come ashore occasionally on the southern Australian coast but do not breed there. We document records (specimens and sightings) of visits to South Australia (SA) by southern phocids from 1883 until August 2011. We used records from the SA Museum, reports from coastal officers of SA Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the DENR fauna database, information from the public, the literature and newspapers. Thirty-six southern elephant seal records included two births, in November 1932 and October 1986. The latter pup suckled for 20 days and then stayed ashore for eight weeks; both are similar to average durations at Macquarie Island. Of 33 dated records, 31 were between August and April, when elephant seals at Macquarie Island (the closest breeding site) are ashore to breed or moult. A recognisable male on Kangaroo Island has been sighted often over 10 years to 2010. Of the ice-breeding species, there were 54 leopard seal records. All of 40 dated records were between June and December, with the maximum (12) in August, similar to the seasonal distribution in Tasmania. There were five records of crabeater seals, one of a Ross seal, and one of a Weddell seal.
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Shrestha, M., K. Lunau, A. Dorin, B. Schulze, M. Bischoff, M. Burd, and A. G. Dyer. "Floral colours in a world without birds and bees: the plants of Macquarie Island." Plant Biology 18, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12456.
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Scott, J. J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Effects of human trampling on the sub-Antarctic vegetation of Macquarie Island." Polar Record 30, no. 174 (July 1994): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740002427x.
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AbstractThe effects of trampling on six types of vegetation and their underlying soils were investigated on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. One hundred and fifty foot-passes per year for at least the past 10 years have occurred on a typical 6-km stretch of walking track on the island's upland plateau. Trampling favours vascular plants including exotics, especially Poa annua, while bryophytes and lichens are more common in undisturbed vegetation. The abundance of 19 of the 39 most common species appears to be affected by trampling. Track width is positively correlated with exposure and wet soils, and trampling increases the soil bulk density of the track. The contrast between the soil bulk density of the trampled and untrampled soils increases with increasing exposure. While present environmental damage is within an acceptable range over the majority of the island, the extreme environments are likely to suffer unacceptable levels of damage if increased usage occurs with more tourism or expansion of scientific and related activities. This is demonstrated by the diversion of a short section of plateau track in an atypically heavily used area; the diversion sustained substantial damage after 890 foot-passes during a 15-month period.
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Thaman, R. R. "Batiri Kei Baravi: The Ethnobotany of Pacific Island Coastal Plants." Atoll Research Bulletin 361 (1992): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.361.1.
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Scott, J. J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Rabbits, landslips and vegetation change on the coastal slopes of subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980–2007: implications for management." Polar Biology 31, no. 4 (October 6, 2007): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0367-y.
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Orchard.A.E. "A revision of the Coprosma pumila (Rubiaceae) complex in Australia, New Zealand and the Subantarctic Islands." Brunonia 9, no. 2 (1986): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bru9860119.
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The widespread complex of mat-forming Coprosma species, hitherto known as 'Coprosma pumila', plus some close allies (C. petriei, C. atropurpurea, C. nivalis) have been reexamined. C. pumila s. str. is shown to be restricted to the northern central plateau and Ben Lomond areas of Tasmania. The name C. perpusilla Col. is resurrected for the orange-fruited plants of Australia and New Zealand formerly included in C. pumila. A new subspecies, C. perpusilla ssp. subantarctica, is erected for the plants on Macquarie, Auckland, Camp- bell and Antipodes Islands. A new species, C. niphophila, is recognised for the Mt Kosciusko region and the South Island of New Zealand. The six species and two subspecies of the complex are keyed, fully described and illustrated, and their interrelation- ships, particularly their trans-Tasman vicariance, are discussed.
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Rigamoto, Rejieli R., Anand P. Tyagi, and Randolph Thaman. "Ethnobotanical importance of the coastal plant species of Rotuma Island." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 22, no. 1 (2004): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp04004.
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The coastal plants of Rotuma have high cultural and ecological utility. Unfortunately, like most of the smaller islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Rotuma?s coastal littoral flora and vegetation has been extensively modified by human activity. This disturbance has led to the loss of much of the native vegetation that once covered the island. Rotuma?s coast is now almost entirely devoid of undisturbed native vegetation because of the high fertility of the island and the suitability of the coastal plains for human habitation and agriculture. The few remaining sites with relatively undisturbed native forests are primarily in those areas that are unsuitable for habitation and agriculture. Such areas are increasingly under threat due to the growing number of native pigsties, from which many escapees have been allowed to forage freely within the forests, killing shrubs and seedlings of forest species, particularly herbaceous under-story species. If allowed to continue, the coastal vegetation, the valuable plants found there and associated ethnobotanical knowledge will eventually be lost. Many littoral species of high cultural utility have already disappeared or are threatened because of many years of indiscriminate coastal deforestation without any effective restorative measures. The need for strategic planning and implementation of protective and restorative measures for Rotuma?s coastal littoral vegetation is, thus, an immediate priority. It is imperative that measures are formulated and implemented as soon as circumstances allow.
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Larcou, A., and I. Hadjivassilis. "Small Sewage Treatment Plants and Wastewater Reuse in Cyprus." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0011.
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Due to the lack of central sewerage systems small wastewater treatment plants have been installed, mainly in coastal tourist areas of the island. The plants consist of a secondary and tertiary treatment by double filtration. The treated water after the tertiary treatment is used for irrigation purposes.
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Andriany, L., T. Lubis, Amalia, A. F. Abus, and Delima. "Shaping ethnobotanical tourism on the coastal landscape through Halobanese oral traditions at Banyak Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012103.
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Abstract This paper focused on exposing the unique and typical plants at Pulau Banyak (Banyak Island), which strongly relates to Halobanese oral traditions in shaping ethnob0otanical tourism. The benefit of knowing the typical plants in Banyak Island will inform the natural resources as both natural wealth and cultural heritage owned by the Halobanese. Further, this information also benefits the Halobanese in their confidence and motivation to move forward with ethnobotanical tourism. This is a qualitative study and applied ethnography method. The data were the documentation of typical plants in Pulau Banyak, which have a strong relationship with food security and daily needs for Halobanese, such as mangrove, coconut, sagoo, mangrove and pandan leaves. The results were evaluated by defining the conceptual connection between shaping ethnobotanical tourism and the Halobanese oral heritage, which informed the local flora. The result of the study showed that the typical plants in the Banyak Islands area consist of naturally grown plants and can be grown well. The natural growing plant is mangrove, coconut, sagoo, rumbia and pandan leaves. The plant that can be grown well is taro and yam. Consequently, ethnobotanical tourism is an ideal program to build Halobanese human resources and revitalize their typical plant.
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Kurilenko, Vitalii, and Natalia Osmolovskaya. "Heavy metals pollution of Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland." Baltica 28, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2015.28.01.
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The current environmental state of Kotlin Island and coastal areas reflects the negative impact of industry, transport and urban utilities that has lead to increased heavy metal content in soils, in terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and in the water of the Gulf of Finland. Based on the analysis of pollutant metals in roots and shoots of native plants grown on Kotlin Island, species with high metal-accumulating capacity have been identified. Of these, there were dandelion and coltsfoot demonstrating high mobility in heavy metals Zn especially upward transfer. These could therefore be promising as bioindicators and phytoremediators of polluted areas pointing to origins of contamination. The presence of heavy metal contamination in the coastal waters of the gulf and its variability along the coastline is regarded as dependent on multiple sources of pollution associated with Kotlin Island, namely industrial and municipal waste waters, ship and vehicle traffic, aerosol deposits, contamination by dredging activity in a new port as well as the result of metals leaching from the soils of the island (Zn, Cu, Ni). Metal-accumulating coastal plants such as cane can be a source of secondary pollution of the gulf waters during their seasonal decomposition. The data showed significantly elevated concentrations of Ni, Zn and Cd in the hair of children living in the town of Kronstadt located on Kotlin Island that confirms the adequacy of the proposed indicating methodology and shows the unfavorable environmental situation in the region.
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Huang, Weigang, and Hui Liu. "Floristic analysis of Vascular plants in Sanzhou Island, Zhuhai, China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012049.
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Abstract The uninhabited island in Guangdong is rich in vascular plant flora. In order to enrich the understanding of the zonal vegetation, a comprehensive survey of the plant resources of Sanzhou Island was carried out by using the survey method of the combination of sample line method and quadrat method. The vegetation types, floristic composition of vascular plants and the distribution types of families, genera and species were analyzed. The natural vegetation of Sanzhou Island could be divided into three types: coastal semi-mangrove, evergreen shrub and evergreen seasonal rainforest. The results showed that there were 68 species of vascular plants in 39 families, 62 genera. There were 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of pteridophytes, accounting for 10.26%, 6.45% and 7.35% of the vascular plants; 63 species of angiosperms, 58 genera and 35 families, accounting for 89.74%, 93.55% and 92.65% of the vascular plants in the island. The floristic composition of the island showed obvious tropical nature. The main flora of the island was composed of 4 distribution types: pantropic, old world tropical, tropical Asia to tropical Australasia and tropical Asia. It showed the floristic components were diverse with strong adaptability which was suitable for the poor soil and harsh environment of the island. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the protection, development and management of plant resources in Sanzhou Island.
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Hutahaean, Andreas Albertino, Agustin Rustam, August Daulat, Yusmiana Puspitaningsih Rahayu, Devi Dwiyanti Suryono, Hadiwijaya Lesmana Salim, and Mariska Astrid Kusumaningtyas. "Biodiversity and Aquatic Vegetation Succession in Biawak Island Marine Protected Area, Indramayu-West Java." Jurnal Segara 18, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/segara.v18i1.10965.
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The existence of aquatic vegetation in the coastal waters is correlated with the water quality parameters. Seagrass and macroalgae are aquatic plants often found to form a coastal ecosystem that depends on water quality, both physically and chemically. Research on the existence of aquatic plants in Biawak Island, Indramayu, West Java, was conducted in 2016 and 2019 by combining in situ data and secondary data. The purpose of this study was to observe the dynamics of seagrass ecosystems as aquatic plants on Biawak Island and their correlation with the succession that occurred in the aquatic environment in Biawak Island as part of the Biawak Archipelago Marine Protected Area (MPA). The research method integrates a descriptive analysis and its correlation between the submerged aquatic plants and their environment. The results showed that seagrasses in Biawak Island tend to disappear and be replaced by macroalgae. The type of seagrass found in 2016 was Enhalus Acoroides covered by epiphytes perished in 2019. The abundance of macroalgae, especially Halimeda macroloba, indicates the existence of nutrient enrichment and high turbidity, causing the seagrass to be replaced by macroalgae. Another biodiversity found in the region was clams and sea cucumber, while branching coral conditions experienced bleaching and degradation. An environmental condition contains high nutrients strengthening the nutrient enrichment for a particular time. Therefore, integrated management regarding terrestrial and shipping lines track needs to be addressed to maintain the sustainability of the natural resources in the Biawak archipelago.
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Abdurakhmanov, Gayirbeg M., Abdurakhman G. Abdurakhmanov, Abdulgamid A. Teymurov, Zukhra S. Temirlieva, Madina G. Daudova, and Alimurad A. Gadzhiev. "FINDINGS OF THE STUDY, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ZONATION OF COASTAL AND ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CASPIAN SEA." South of Russia: ecology, development 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2018-2-211-216.
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Aim. The aim is to carry out the typification of faunas and biogeographical zonation of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea. Methods. Revision of fauna of separate groups of invertebrate animals and vegetation cover of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea was performed according to the modern taxonomy, unified collection technique and cameral processing of collected field material. Results. For the first time, solution for the actual biogeographical problem is found; the structure, composition and main regularities of the geographical distribution of several groups of invertebrate animals and plants of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea have been identified. Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to better assess the state of ecosystems and determine the impact on social and socio-geomorphological systems, largely determining the structure and boundaries of the latter, thereby predicting the consequences of anthropogenic activity for the nature and establishing the spatial limits of this impact.
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Scott, J. J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Changes in the cover of plant species associated with climate change and grazing pressure on the Macquarie Island coastal slopes, 1980–2009." Polar Biology 36, no. 1 (September 16, 2012): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1243-y.
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Mugnai, Michele, Renato Benesperi, Daniele Viciani, Giulio Ferretti, Michele Giunti, Francesca Giannini, and Lorenzo Lazzaro. "Impacts of the Invasive Alien Carpobrotus spp. on Coastal Habitats on a Mediterranean Island (Giglio Island, Central Italy)." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202802.
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Carpobrotus acinaciformis and C. edulis are well-known invasive alien plants native to South Africa, whose detrimental effects on native communities are widely documented in the Mediterranean basin and thus largely managed in coastal ecosystems. Most of the literature on these species focuses on their impacts on habitats of sandy coastal dunes, while the effects of Carpobrotus spp. invasion on other habitats such as rocky cliffs and coastal scrubs and garrigues are almost neglected. We present a study case conducted on a small Mediterranean island where Carpobrotus spp. invaded three different natural habitats listed within the Habitat Directive 92/43/CEE (Natura 2000 codes 1240, 1430, and 5320). We surveyed the presence and abundance of native species and Carpobrotus spp. on 44 permanent square plots of 4 m2 in invaded and uninvaded areas in each of the three habitats. We found impacts on plant alpha diversity (intended as the species diversity within each sampled plot) in all the habitats investigated in terms of a decrease in species richness, Shannon index, and abundance. Invaded communities also showed a severe change in species composition with a strong homogenization of the floras of the three habitats. Finally, the negative effect of invasion emerged even through the analyses of beta diversity (expressing the species diversity among sampled plots of the same habitat type), with Carpobrotus spp. replacing a large set of native species.
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Sachithanandam, V., P. Lalitha, A. Parthiban, T. Mageswaran, K. Manmadhan, and R. Sridhar. "A Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Indian Mangrove Plants with Reference to Island Ecosystem." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (December 5, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4305148.
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Mangrove ecosystem has many potential species that are traditionally used by the coastal communities for their traditional cure for health ailments as evidenced by their extensive uses to treat hepatic disorders, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and skin diseases, etc. In recent times, the diabetes mellitus (DM), a serious physiological disorder all over the world, occur due to the relative or complete deficiency of insulin in the body, characterized by an abnormally high blood glucose level. India has a rich traditional knowledge on plant-based drug formulations that are protective and curative for many health ailments. In this context, we aimed to compile the works done on the antidiabetic activities of mangrove species from Indian coastal regions especially on Andaman and Nicobar Islands as well as some recent works reported from other countries. A total of 126 published articles and 31 mangrove species related pieces of information were gathered with reference to antidiabetic properties of mangroves. This review summarizes the chemical structures, molecular formula, molecular weight, and their biological activities with an aspiration that it might be helpful for the future bioprospecting industries who are interested in develop the natural drugs for DM.
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Little, Elizabeth A., and Margaret J. Schoeninger. "The Late Woodland Diet on Nantucket Island and the Problem of Maize in Coastal New England." American Antiquity 60, no. 2 (April 1995): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282145.
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Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of (1) bone collagen from six burials of the Late Woodland Period at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, and (2) a wide range of potential dietary materials provide data for evaluating coastal diets. Archaeological and historical data give evidence for the availability and use of dietary items. The bases of the food chains and trophic levels define the possible food groups: terrestrial C3 and C4 plants and their consumers, marine C3 and C4-like plants and their consumers, and marine carnivores. From these data, computer analysis of multiple linear mixing equations relating isotope ratios of human bone collagen to those of dietary food groups shows allowable ranges of these food groups in the diet. The results argue for a diet of 40–65 percent oceanic animals, with the rest consisting of substantial amounts of animals from salt marsh and eelgrass meadows or of maize, and minor amounts of C3 plants and their consumers.
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Zarrillo, Tracy A., and Kimberly A. Stoner. "The bee fauna of an Atlantic coastal plain tidal marsh community in Southern New England, USA." Journal of Melittology, no. 86 (July 8, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i86.7334.
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With growing evidence of changes in local abundance, geographical range, and species diversity of wild bees, it is imperative to document wild bee communities in representative habitats throughout North America. The Connecticut shoreline has historically been subject to many natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and there is a lack of baseline data regarding bee biodiversity in Connecticut’s maritime habitats. In this study, we characterize the wild bee fauna of a discrete maritime habitat in Connecticut, USA, and examine salt-marsh, beach dune, and coastal scrub bee communities adjacent to Long Island Sound. Patterns found are discussed in relation to recent coastal surveys in New England. Biweekly surveys were conducted at Grass Island (Guilford, CT) over a two-year period (2011-2012) using pan traps and effort-based (timed) net collecting from flowers. A total of 3928 individual bees were collected, representing five families, 18 genera and at least 80 species. Floral records for 374 individuals resulted in associations of 35 bee species with 19 species of flowers. Seventy percent of the bees captured in the net survey were visiting alien plants, with the exotic Rosa rugosa Thunb. having the highest level of bee diversity and relative abundance. The total number of bee species collected in this survey represents approximately 23% of the known Connecticut fauna, including four specialists associated with coastal and wetland habitats. The abundance and diversity of bees visiting alien plants on Grass Island, as well as the occurrence of these sand specialists, may prove to be of conservation concern as the Connecticut shoreline continues to be altered.
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Kim, Miae, Young-Hyun You, Hyeokjun Yoon, Hyun Kim, Yeonggyo Seo, Irina Khalmuratova, Jae-Ho Shin, In-Jung Lee, Yeon-Sik Choo, and Jong-Guk Kim. "Genetic Diversity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from the Roots of Coastal Plants in Ulleung Island for Restoration of Coastal Ecosystem." Journal of Life Science 22, no. 10 (October 30, 2012): 1384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2012.22.10.1384.
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Williams, Laura K., Alexander J. Fergus, Justine D. Shaw, Aleks Terauds, Paul Kristiansen, Susan Caroline Wilson, Jane L. Gosden, Karen Ziegler, and Brian M. Sindel. "Quantifying site and species factors to inform the feasibility of eradication of alien plants from Southern Ocean Islands: Stellaria media on Macquarie Island." Biological Invasions 21, no. 3 (January 9, 2019): 993–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1880-3.
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Tang, Zhiyi, Chao Cao, Kunxian Tang, Hongshuai Qi, Yuanmin Sun, and Jiangbo Yang. "Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen as Indictors of Environmental Significance in Coastal Sediments of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf." Water 12, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113285.
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Carbon and nitrogen contents and their isotopic components, and AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) radiocarbon dating ages, were measured for 57 coastal sediments from Weizhou Island to analyze the distribution of total inorganic carbon (TIC) and its carbon and oxygen isotopic components (δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and their stable isotopic components (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN), and their environmental significance. The results showed that the oldest age of coastal sediments on Weizhou Island was 2750 cal. a BP (before present), and the average TIC contents of cores A1, A2, B1, C1, and D1 in the intertidal zone were all greater than 5%, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were enriched, whereas the TIC contents in cores A3, C2, and D2 of the supra-tidal zone were low, where δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb were depleted. Moreover, TIC decreased sharply, 4.95% on average, to close to zero from the estuary to the upstream region in the C1-C2 section. The average C/N ratio was 7.02, and δ13CTOC and δ15NTN were between −14.96‰ and −27.26‰ and −14.38‰ and 4.12‰, respectively. These measurements indicate that the TIC in coastal sediments mainly came from seawater. Cores A1, A2, and B1 in the northern intertidal zone exhibited organic terrestrial signals because of C3 and C4 plant inputs, which indicates that the important source on the northern coast of Weizhou Island came from island land but followed the decrease in C3 plants. The lacustrine facies deposits were mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the river, the northern coastline was advancing toward the sea, and part of the southwestern coastal sediments rapidly accumulated on the shore under the influence of a storm surge. The relative sea level of the Weizhou Island area has continuously declined at a rate of approximately 2.07 mm/a, using beach rock as a marker, since the Holocene.
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ZANOU, B., and A. KOPKE. "Cost-effective reduction of eutrophication in the Gulf of Kalloni (Island of Lesvos, Greece)." Mediterranean Marine Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.272.
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This study presents a cost-effective analysis by comparing the costs of measures (options) to improve the quality of bathing waters in the Gulf of Kalloni (island of Lesvos, Greece) in order to reduce the anthropogenic eutrophication in the coastal water of the Kalloni Gulf.The Gulf of Kalloni is a semi-enclosed gulf (115 km2) which receives municipal wastewater, agricultural activity drainage, and at times sewage from olive oil plants processing the local olives harvest. The area of study consists of the coastal waters and the river basin of which water run-off drains into the gulf. Four options are comparable in their environmental effectiveness to reduce eurtophication damages which are: municipal wastewater treatment plant, construction of dams, organic farming plus training and olive oil wastewater treatment plant.
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Hamdillah, Andi, Alim Isnansetyo, Indah Istiqomah, Indun Dewi Puspita, Desy Putri Handayani, and Takushi Kaneko. "Antibacterial Activity of Coastal Plants and Marine Sponges from Kei Island Indonesia against Bacterial Fish Pathogens." Pharmacognosy Journal 11, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.11.130.
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Rizki, Fajar, Arini Dewi Lestari Situmorang, Nirwana Wau, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, and Wenang Anurogo. "Mapping Of Vegetation And Mangrove Distribution Level In Batam Island Using SPOT-5 Satellite Imagery." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.4.1002.
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Mangrove is a plant that plays a significant role in the balance of the ecosystem and coastal environment. Batam Island which is one of the island in Batam island become one of the areas rich in mangrove plants. As time goes by, mangrove forests are getting worse. This research uses SPOT-5 imagery data in analyzing mangrove density value in Batam island with MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) method. The results of this study have mangrove density in Batam Island which is divided into four classes, which is very tenuous, tenuous, medium, and very tightly where Batam Island is dominated by a class of density. Theoretically, NDVI values range from -1 to +1 but the mangrove vegetation index values are generally in the range between +0,1 to +0,7. NDVI values greater than this range are associated with a representation of a better level of vegetation health in the islands of Batam.
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Hadjivassilis, I. "Small Sewage Treatment Plants and Wastewater Reuse in Cyprus." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0177.
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The rapid touristic development in the coastal areas of Cyprus resulting in higher water consumption, the protection of environment and water resources and the needs of reuse of wastewater, contributed to the improvement of local technology for sewage treatment and wastewater reuse for irrigation. In the last ten years, due to the lack of central sewerage systems, approx. two hundred small wastewater treatment plants have been installed, mainly in coastal areas of the island. The method applied for the biological treatment is the activated sludge extended aeration process. The tertiary treatment based on high-speed depth filtration consists of two vertical pressure multilayer filters, working in series. Additionally, chemicals are injected for disinfection, coagulation/flocculation allowing the production of high quality of water. Plants regularly maintained are operating with very good results, so that the treated water has the following characteristics:BOD5: < 5mg/lS.S.: < 5 mg/lTurbidity: < 3 NTUResidual chlorine: 1.0-1.5 mg/l The water can be used for unrestricted irrigation. It has been proved that the installation of small sewage treatment plants and the wastewater reuse for irrigation in Cyprus is a profitable investment, preventing at the same time the pollution of the environment.
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Priyashantha, A. K. H., and T. Taufikurahman. "Mangroves of Sri Lanka: Distribution, status and conservation requirements." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.083.
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Mangroves are a diverse group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants, which grow in the inter-tidal zones in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Despite its unique services to the people, coastal and marine systems, mangroves have become one of the most rapidly disappearing ecosystems in the world. This paper reviews the available information on distribution, current status and challenges of mangroves in Sri Lanka. Today, around 160 km2 of mangrove vegetation is available in Sri Lanka and distributed mainly in Jaffna, Batticaloa, Kalpitiya, Rekawa and Trincomalee and is composed of 21 species of true mangroves and 24 species of mangrove associates. Mangroves in the island have been adversely affected due to the numerous anthropogenic activities, including land reclamation, tourism, coastal aquaculture and agriculture and other industrial activities etc. Proper conservations of mangroves are urgently required to the island to avoid further decline of mangrove ecosystem. It is imperative to evaluate policies, legal instruments and development strategies to effectively protect this valuable ecosystem.
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Gerhanae, Nineu Yayu, and Udaya Kamiludin. "COASTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPELA AND ADJACENT AREA, ROTE ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 28, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.28.1.2013.52.
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Coastal typhology as data base that describes the result of interaction among geophysical element to geological elements and anthropogenic aspects. This data can provide any information of morphological development processes which is reflected in the coastal characteristics map. Identification of the Papela coastal area, Rote Island, about 60 km length, based on indirect and direct methods. Direct method is done by field observation such as : geological condition, relief, shoreline character and dominant process. While indirect method is done by imagery satellite interpretation and related previous data. Observation results of coastal condition, that the study area is divided into four coastal types, there are rocky cliff, sandy pocket beach, muddy and sandy beach. Coastal geology of study area composed of Holocene Alluvium, Quaternary Coral Limestone and Tertiary Bobonaro Complex that has low to high rocks resistance. Coastal morphology form by alluvium plain until slope rugged hills with low-high relief. The coastline characters consist of the rocky cliff, sandy pocket, sandy and muddy beach, with dominant process that influenced by fluviatil which is characterized by mangrove. Beach face material composed of sand and float stone, from 15-30 meters width with 5O-15O slope. Although the coastal area is relatively stable but erosion active process occurs at some places. It is characterized by float stone, and notches accompanied by rock fall. While, accretion occur in muddy coastal type that is characterized by mangrove plants.
Key words : Coastal type, marine process, abrasion, accretion, Papela coast, Rote Island.
Tipologi pantai sebagai data dasar yang menggambarkan hasil interaksi antara unsur geofisika terhadap unsur geologi dan aspek antropogenik. Data ini dapat memberikan informasi proses pembentukan morfologi yang tercermin di dalam peta karakteristik pantai. Identifikasi pesisir sepanjang lebih kurang 60 km di sekitar pantai Papela, Pulau Rote, Nusa Tenggara Timur menggunakan pendekatan metode langsung dan tidak langsung. Metode langsung dilakukan dengan pengamatan lapangan seperti kondisi geologi, relief, karakteristik garis pantai dan proses dominan. Sedangkan pendekatan tidak langsung melalui kajian citra satelit dan data terdahulu yang terkait. Hasil pengamatan kondisi pantai, bahwa daerah penelitian dibagi mejadi empat tipe pantai yaitu pantai bertebing batuan, berkantong pasir, berlumpur dan pantai berpasir. Geologi pantai daerah penelitian disusun oleh Alluvium Holosen, Batugamping Koral Kuarter dan Komplek Bobonaro Tersier yang mempunyai resistensi batuan rendah sampai tinggi. Morfologi pantainya berupa pedataran pantai alluvium sampai kaki/lereng perbukitan bertebing dengan relief rendah-tinggi. Karakter garis pantainya terdiri dari bertebing batuan, berkantong pasir, pantai berpasir, dan berlumpur dengan proses dominan yang dipengaruhi oleh fluviatil dicirikan oleh tumbuhan bakau. Paras muka pantai disusun oleh material pasir dan rataan batuan, memiliki lebar berkisar 50 meter dengan kemiringan datar-landai pada tipe pantai berpasir. Meskipun terjadi kesetimbangan pantai atau merupakan pantai yang relatif stabil tetapi di beberapa tempat proses abrasi tetap aktif. Hal ini dicirikan oleh adanya rataan batuan, dan takik-takik yang disertai oleh jatuhan batuan. Sebaliknya, sedimentasi terjadi pada tipe pantai berlumpur yang dicirikan oleh tumbuhan bakau.
Kata kunci: Tipologi pantai, proses laut, abrasi, akrasi, dan pantai Papela
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Polhaupessy, A. A. "PALYNOLOGY OF TÖGI NDRAWA CAVE,COASTAL AREA OF NIAS ISLAND, NORTH SUMATERA." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 24, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.24.2.2009.19.
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Environmental study of the Tögi Ndrawa Cave by means of pollen analysis has been carried out. The interpretation is made based on the occurring pollen types as guide, the resulted pollen spectra, and curves exhibited in the pollen diagram. Combined evidences obtained from the palynological, geological and archaeologi cal studies provide the basis for the interpretation of plant ecology of shore and further the vegetational history of the marine area. In the meantime, plant ecology itself is concerned not only with plant communities but also the interaction among the plants involved, and their environmental factors.
Keyword: Environmental, Pollen Analysis, Tögi Ndrawa Cave
Studi lingkungan GuaTögi Ndrawa, Pulau Nias, telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis polen. Interpretasi ini berdasarkan hadirnya jenis polen sebagai petunjuk dalam membentuk diagram polen. Hasil studi palinologi, geologi dan arkeologi telah menghasilkan interpretasi dasar mengenai ekologi tumbuhan pantai kemudian sejarah tumbuhan yang pernah tumbuh didaerah laut dangkal. Pada zaman ini, ekologi tumbuhan tidak hanya tergantung komunitas tumbuhan tetapi justru tergantung pada interaksi diantara komunitas tumbuhan dan faktor lingkungannya.
Kata Kunci: Lingkungan, Analisis polen, Gua Tögi Ndrawa
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Aris, Muhammad, and Sudirto Malan. "BAKTERI PATOGEN PADA KEPITING KELAPA (Birgus latro)." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 8, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v8i1.2555.
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Coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a fishery resource with high economic value. Coconut Crab is only found in eastern Indonesia, covering Sulawesi, Maluku and North Maluku. One of the habitat of Coconut Crab in North Maluku is Moor Island, Central Halmahera. The coastal typology of this island is predominantly rocky with many gaps and small caves, as well as several steep slopes with dominant vegetation conditions of coconut, beach pandanus and other coastal plants. Walnut Crab is often used as a consumption ingredient because it has delicious taste and high nutritions. However, the use of crustaceans for consumption can also be dangerous. This is because crustaceans also contain several pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify pathogenic bacteria isolated from Coconut Crab which is the largest crustacean in the world. 5 samples of Coconut Crab were taken from Moor Island. Isolated samples marked KK1, KK2, KK3, KK4 and KK5. Pure bacterial isolates were obtained from Coconut Crab samples, evaluated for colony type and identified based on biochemical characterization. The types of pathogenic bacteria identified in samples KK1, KK2, KK3, KK4 and KK5 were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp.
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Seaward, Mark R. D., and André Aptroot. "The lichen flora of the Chagos Archipelago, including a comparison with other island and coastal tropical floras." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.18.1.22.
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The 1996 Chagos Expedition provided the first opportunity to study the archipelago’s lichen flora. Seventeen of the 55 islands were ecologically investigated, some in more detail than others, and lists and representative collections of lichens have been assembled for many of them. In all, 67 taxa have been recorded, 52 to specific level. Although the islands have a low biodiversity for cryptogamic plants, as would be expected in terms of their relatively young age, remoteness and small terrestrial surface areas, those taxa that are present are often found in abundance and play significant ecological roles. There is a good correlation between total lichen biodiversity and island size, despite the fact that Cocos nucifera is such an important substratum for cryptogamic plants and its presence on all islands studied provides a consistently high associated species count. Comparisons of lichen floras for ten island and coastal tropical areas show good correlations (based on the Sörensen Coefficient) within the Indian Ocean as would be expected, but poorer correlations exist within and between Pacific Ocean and neotropical floras. Ranked correlations between Chagos and other floras are in the sequence Maldives > Laing Island > Aldabra > Tuamotu > Pitcairn > N.Mariana & Belize > Guadeloupe > Cook. When coefficients are calculated using only the Physciaceae, different correlations and sequences are derived, but the affinities of the Indian Ocean islands remain strong. However, although the lichen flora of Chagos is characteristic for an Indian Ocean, it is dominated by pantropical species.
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Prahalad, Vishnu, Jamie B. Kirkpatrick, John Aalders, Scott Carver, Joanna Ellison, Violet Harrison-Day, Peter McQuillan, Brigid Morrison, Alastair Richardson, and Eric Woehler. "Conservation ecology of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes, south-east Australia – a review." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 2 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19016.
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Temperate Australian saltmarshes, including those in the southern island state of Tasmania, are considered to be a threatened ecological community under Australian federal legislation. There is a need to improve our understanding of the ecological components, functional relationships and threatening processes of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes and distil research priorities that could assist recovery actions. A semisystematic review of the literature on Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes supported by expert local knowledge identified 75 studies from 1947 to 2019. Existing understanding pertains to saltmarsh plants, soils, invertebrates and human impacts with ongoing studies currently adding to this knowledge base. Several knowledge gaps remain, and the present review recommends six key priority areas for research: (1) citizen science–organised inventory of (initially) saltmarsh birds, plants and human impacts with the potential for expansion of datasets; (2) use of saltmarsh by marine transient species including fish and decapods; (3) use of saltmarsh by, and interactions with, native and introduced mammals; (4) invertebrates and their interactions with predators (e.g. birds, fish) and prey (e.g. insects, plants, detritus); (5) historic saltmarsh loss and priority areas for conservation; (6) monitoring changes to saltmarsh due to both localised human impacts (e.g. grazing, eutrophication, destruction) and global change factors (e.g. climate change, sea-level rise). Addressing these research priorities will help in developing a better understanding of the ecological character of Tasmanian coastal saltmarshes and improve their conservation management.
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Keene, Deborah A. "Reevaluating Late Prehistoric Coastal Subsistence and Settlement Strategies: New Data from Grove's Creek Site, Skidaway Island, Georgia." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128443.
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This paper tests existing models of coastal subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of the late prehistoric inhabitants of the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic coastal plain. Excavations at Grove's Creek Site (09CH71), Skidaway Island, Georgia were conducted to determine the season of occupation of the site. Paleoethnobotanical and zooarchaeological data were used to determine the subsistence strategies of the inhabitants. Stable isotope analysis of oyster shells is combined with the faunal and botanical data to determine the seasons of occupation of the site. The most notable discovery was the diversity of agricultural plants. Paleoethnobotanical data indicate a spring through autumn occupation, and the stable isotope data indicate winter through summer. Faunal data suggest occupation from spring through early winter. Therefore, the site was occupied year-round. This information, coupled with other data from the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast, suggests a revision to existing subsistence and settlement pattern models. Coastal peoples lived in permanent villages and relied on a mix of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering. Short trips were likely made to procure some resources, but there was not an extensive seasonal round.
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Tomchenko, O., L. Mazurkiewicz, and A. Malets. "STUDY OF DNIEPER’S ISLANDS’ SHORELINE CHANGE DYNAMICS WITHIN KIEV REGION (AT THE EXAMPLE OF VELYKIY PIVNICHNIY ISLAND)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.12.
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Changes of Dnieper’s islands’ landscapes within Kyiv at the example of Velykiy Pivnichniy Island are studied. Using GIS, cartographic materials and remote sensing data the island’s square dynamic for more than seventy years is obtained. During decoding vector layers – the contours of the coastline of the island and the island area – were created and island’s square for 1942, 1975, 1985, 1990, 2000, 2015 years was estimated. Using module implemented in ArcScene ArcGIS the dynamics of long-term changes of Velykiy Island’s shape was modeled and clearly reflected in the form of three-dimensional models. The coastal landscape of Kyiv began to rapidly change for the past 100-200 years due to rapid urban sprawl. Before it Dnieper’s backwater in Kyiv formed by glaciers and it became the basis for floodplain in Kyiv region for a long time. In the 19th century held-rectifying work was conducted and it greatly influenced the coastal landscape of our city. Formation of new islands, such as Grand Island and changes of old islands (such as the island of Murom united with Truhanov Island) has begun. Great Island consisted of 2 parts, one of which joined the island much later than the first part of the island was formed. From 1950 to 1990 the island had the largest area and it was unchanged while this period. The rapid square reduction began in the 1990s when sand mining started for the purpose of Troieshchyna district building. Currently the island is used as a career for the extraction of sand, which is important for development of different districts, including cottages on the site of meadows and oak forests on north of the Gulf of Camel. It is a negative factor for the island, where there are different species of animals and plants are located. The island is also an example of modern Dnieper floodplain formation and it should be preserved as a conservation area of the city.
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Merrett, Merilyn F. "Sex ratios, fruit set and size-class structure in the threatened, gynodioecious, sand-dune species Pimelea arenaria (Thymelaeaceae) from New Zealand." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 5 (2007): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06017.
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Pimelea arenaria sens. str. Cunn. is one of a small suite of native species that occur exclusively on unconsolidated sand dunes and in dune hollows of the North Island and Chatham Islands of New Zealand. It has become extinct at several beaches, and is currently listed in the Gradual Decline category of threatened plants. Eighteen populations of P. arenaria from throughout the North Island of New Zealand were investigated to determine sex ratios, fruit set and population size-class structures. Sex ratios were variable among the 18 study populations; the proportion of females was higher in populations in the northern half of the North Island (15.9–45.5%) than in populations from Kawhia southwards (0–12.7%). Females were absent from three south-western coastal populations. Although fruit set was relatively high, averaging 47% for female and 68% for hermaphroditic plants, recruitment failure was evident at most of the 18 sites surveyed. There was no evidence that sex ratios or fruit set were factors contributing to recruitment failure. Although most of the populations surveyed are not under immediate threat, lack of recruitment could affect population persistence in the long term.
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Catling, Paul M., and Sue Porebski. "An ecoregional analysis of morphological variation in British Columbia coastal strawberries (Fragaria) for germplasm protection." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-050.
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In order to enhance the utilization and protection of wild Fragaria germplasm from coastal British Columbia, patterns of morphological variation were assessed in plants from the Pacific coastal region of Canada. Twenty-five characters were evaluated in 87 plants grown in the uniform garden at the Canadian clonal genebank. Seven characters including the number of veins, length of the terminal tooth, roundness of tooth, tooth distribution, leaf thickness, leaf color and leaf surface were significant at the 5% level in distinguishing ecoregional groupings, and a discriminant analysis was also significant. The major pattern of variation involved plants from southern Vancouver Island to the upper Strait of Georgia, ecoregions 192 and 194, which have thinner, paler, more glaucous leaves with less broadly rounded teeth, suggesting hybridization of F. chiloensis with F. virginiana. A clustering of ecoregional group centroids using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages indicated that, in order to optimally protect genetic variation, 28.35% of the protected accessions should be selected from each of ecoregions 192 and 194, with ecoregion 191 accounting for 15.98%, and the remaining ecoregions contributing 13.66% of accessions. Key words: Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria virginiana, Pacific coast, genetic variation, ecoregions, germplasm protection
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Getman, V. "NATIONAL NATURE PARK “DZHARYLGATSKYI”." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 70-71 (2018): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.70.8.
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National Natural Park (NPP) “Dzharylgatskyi” was established by Decree of the President of Ukraine from December 11, 2009, on the territory of Skadovsky district of Kherson region. This was preceded by the creation of Dzharylgatskyi botanical reserve of national importance in 1974. According to the physical-geographical zoning of Ukraine, the territory of the NPP “Dzharylgatskyi” refers to the Nizhnedneprovsky terraced-delta landscape of the Black Sea-Pryazovsky dry-steppe region. The main territorial area of the National Park “Dzharylgatskyi” is the Dzharylgach island with a narrow spit in its western part. The geomorphologic location of the park belongs to the region of the coastal zone of the Nizhnedneprovsk oblast plain, which includes the Oleshkivski Sands and the Kinburn Spit. Island surroundings represent the psamophytic steppe and it is one of the great features of the nature reserve in the south of Ukraine. Island isolation – the remoteness from the settlements of the mainland – is the greatest natural value of Dzharylgach. This is the largest uninhabited island in Europe. Flora of the NPP “Dzharylgatskyi” includes about 500 species of higher plants. The uniqueness of the Dzharylgatsky natural complex, the mild climatic conditions in the winter and the location along the Azov-Black Sea migration corridor have created some favourable conditions for the abundance of a significant number of birds species in different seasons of the year. Dzharylhach Island is an important link between the coastal environmental corridor. It is a place for birds to rest and nest during seasonal migrations. The territory of the national park is the part of one of the largest wetlands of international importance – “Karkinitskaya and Dzharilgatska Gulfs”. NPP “Dzharylgatsky” belongs to the Skadovsk resort zone with its warm sea, sandy beaches, long swimming season, which characterizes the park as a unique area for recreation and tourism. Discovered on Dzharylgach put peloids in their characteristics meet the highest requirements for therapeutic mud. This article analyzes the features of the natural environment and resources of the National Park “Dzharylgatskyi.” Attention is drawn to the geomorphological features of island spit. The article also raises the question of developing nature reserve agencies, such as the natural laboratory (bank) to conserve rare animals and plants.
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de Albuquerque, Margéli Pereira, Jair Putzke, Adriano Luis Schünemann, Frederico Costa Beber Vieira, Filipe de Carvalho Victoria, and Antonio Batista Pereira. "Colonisation of stranded whale bones by lichens and mosses at Hennequin Point, King George Island, Antarctica." Polar Record 54, no. 1 (January 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000062.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the details of lichens and mosses found on whale vertebrae substratum in the Admiralty Bay area, King George Island, Antarctica. Samples were taken in the coastal area at Hennequin Point, a relict of the Antarctic whaling era. The samples were collected from the upper surface of the whale bones found in the study area during the austral summer 2010–2011. A total of 15 lichen and two moss species were found. All species sampled are known in the Admiralty Bay area, both as pioneers and in more advanced succession stages in ice-free areas. These results suggest that the colonisation of whale bones is not new for Antarctic plants, but it is an additional substrate on which these plants can develop. A map showing the distribution of colonised bones and details of the usual substrata for the lichens and mosses found in this study are provided.
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O, P. C., P. M. Kotanen, and K. F. Abraham. "Geese and grazing lawns: responses of the grass Festuca rubra to defoliation in a subarctic coastal marsh." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-124.
Full textAbstract:
In coastal marshes on James Bay and southern Hudson Bay, Canada, the grass Festuca rubra L. is heavily used for forage by both Snow (Chen caerulescens caerulescens (Linnaeus)) and Canada Geese ( Branta canadensis (Linnaeus)). On Akimiski Island, James Bay, this grass occurs in a mosaic of short, heavily grazed patches and tall, lightly grazed patches. We investigated whether short plants are primarily a plastic morphological response to grazing by geese. Over two growing seasons, we measured growth of short patches protected from grazing and of tall patches subjected to mowing treatments, with unmanipulated short and tall controls. Protection resulted in rapid conversion from a short growth form to a tall form, similar in height and biomass to plants in tall control plots. Mowed tall plants also rapidly recovered to near tall control values for height and biomass. A single 3 week treatment episode often permitted nearly full recovery to tall form. In some cases, more sustained protection was required, but repeated mowing ultimately may have reduced growth rates. These results indicate that the morphology of individual plants of Festuca rubra plastically recovers from changes in defoliation pressure. Consequently, short patches likely represent grazing lawns maintained by intensive foraging by geese.
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Mishra, AK, and D. Apte. "Ecological connectivity with mangroves influences tropical seagrass population longevity and meadow traits within an island ecosystem." Marine Ecology Progress Series 644 (June 25, 2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13349.
Full textAbstract:
Seagrass meadows around the Andaman Sea are globally significant, but declining rapidly. Assessment of the existing seagrass population dynamics is essential to facilitate effective conservation measures. We studied population dynamics of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at 3 locations in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea. At each location, 2 sites were assessed, one with mangroves (MG) and another without mangroves (WMG). Quadrat and corer sampling techniques were used to collect seagrass and sediment samples. Reconstruction techniques were used to derive population dynamics of T. hemprichii. Sand fractions dominated (>90%) the T. hemprichii meadows, with silt comprising a higher percentage only at the MG sites. The density, biomass, productivity and horizontal meadow migration of T. hemprichii were higher at the MG sites. The number of leaves shoot-1, vertical rhizome (VR), VR internode length, number of VRs shoot-1 and vertical growth were higher at the WMG sites. T. hemprichii required less time to produce a single leaf at the MG sites than at the WMG sites. Plants associated with mangroves had 4 to 5 yr of longevity, with higher numbers of younger plants. Population growth rates were positive at all sites except at the WMG site of Burmanallah. Our results provide evidence that mangrove ecosystems have a positive impact on seagrass meadow traits and population dynamics. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on the ecological connectivity between seagrasses and associated coastal ecosystems, as it is pivotal to increase our understanding of the important link between coastal ecosystems and ecosystem functioning.
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Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. "Reconstruction of Prehistoric and Medieval Dietary Patterns in the Russian Far East: A Review of Current Data." Radiocarbon 57, no. 4 (2015): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18426.
Full textAbstract:
An overview of current knowledge on the human paleodiet of the southern Russian Far East is presented. The earliest data are available for the Neolithic complexes of Primorye Province, dated to ~7000–5800 BP. For 10 humans from the coastal site of Boisman 2, a heavy reliance on marine fish and mammals (~70–80% of the total diet) has been established; this is similar to the Jomon and Chulmun complexes of Hokkaido Island and Korea. For two individuals from the inland site of Chertovy Vorota, a mixture of terrestrial and riverine (including anadromous species such as salmon, ~25% of the total diet) food resources is evident. In the Amur River basin, the diet of the Paleometal (i.e. Bronze/Early Iron Ages) population (dated to ~2500–1800 BP) was probably based on a mixture of C4 plants (millet, ~50–60% of the total diet), C3 plants, and terrestrial animals, while in the Middle Ages (~1500–300 BP) the contribution of C4 food was lower at ~20–25%. On Sakhalin Island, the maritime-oriented economy existed for a long time, at least since the Late Neolithic/Paleometal Age (dated to ~2500–1800 BP) and until the ethnographic time period (from the 17th–18th centuries AD onwards). Up to ~80–90% of the diet consisted of marine mammals and fish, and this is in accord with dietary patterns of the Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk cultural complexes on Hokkaido Island. Information on the paleodiet of the coastal populations of the Japan and Okhotsk Seas should be taken into account when calibration of 14C dates run on human bones from these regions is undertaken, because the predominant consumption of marine food caused a distortion of the true 14C age.