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Academic literature on the topic 'Coastal plants Macquarie Island'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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Smith, J. M. B., and T. P. Bayliss-Smith. "Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at subantarctic Macquarie Island." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000522.

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Erosion of bedrock from lower intertidal reefs by waves acting on attached plants of bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) was investigated over one year at Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. At a site on the more sheltered east coast, such erosion occurred during four separate storms, each casting up 834–1078 large kelp plants km−1 of coast, of which 30–45% were still attached to jagged, freshly quarried bedrock fragments over 2.5 cm long. The largest fragment weighed was 74.6 kg; rounded cobbles and boulders attached to kelp plants and weighing up to 102.2 kg (and probably more than 160 kg) were also cast up on beaches. 19–21% of the standing crop of large kelp plants was removed by storms during the year of observation. Break points for 10 kelp stipes were found to be at least 90–161 kg. Total annual erosion by kelp-plucking is at least 1.56 tonnes of rock km−1 of coast. However, in terms of erosion this computes to only 0.1 mm yr−1, far below the rate of uplift of the island.
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Stephenson, Steven L., Gary A. Laursen, and Rodney D. Seppelt. "Myxomycetes of subantarctic Macquarie Island." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 4 (2007): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06169.

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Macquarie Island is an oceanic island located 1000 km south-east of Tasmania. The island, which lies close to but north of the Antarctic Convergence, is the southernmost island in the world with a fairly complete cover of vegetation. However, the vascular flora is impoverished and consists of only 46 species. During the period of late January to late April of 1995, 412 field collections of myxomycetes, representing at least 22 species in 11 genera, were obtained during the course of an intensive survey of fungal biodiversity on Macquarie Island. Moist-chamber cultures prepared with various types of plant debris yielded only 14 collections, but this total included three additional species and two additional genera. All but four of the species we recorded from the island are new records for the South Polar Region. Most field collections were associated with Stilbocarpa polaris (Araliaceae) and Pleurophyllum hookeri (Asteraceae), the usual dominants in the herbfield communities that commonly occur on upper beach slopes and coastal terraces. Trichia verrucosa (80 collections), Diderma alpinum (78) and Craterium leucocephalum (59) were the most consistently abundant myxomycetes. Other species represented by ≥15 collections were Didymium cf. dubium, Collaria lurida, Lamproderma arcyrioides and Didymium macquariense. The latter is a species new to science that was described from material collected during the present study. All of the species of myxomycetes now known to occur on Macquarie Island are members of the Trichiales, Physarales, Stemonitales or Echinosteliales; no member of the Liceales or Ceratiomyxales was ever collected.
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Saunders, Krystyna M., Dominic A. Hodgson, and Andrew McMinn. "Quantitative relationships between benthic diatom assemblages and water chemistry in Macquarie Island lakes and their potential for reconstructing past environmental changes." Antarctic Science 21, no. 1 (June 10, 2008): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001442.

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AbstractThis study is the first published survey of diatom-environment relationships on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Fifty-eight sites in 50 coastal and inland lakes were sampled for benthic diatoms and water chemistry. 208 diatom species from 34 genera were identified. Multivariate analyses indicated that the lakes were distributed along nutrient and conductivity gradients. Conductivity, pH, phosphate (SRP), silicate and temperature all explained independent portions of the variance in the diatom data. Transfer functions provide a quantitative basis for palaeolimnological studies of past climate change and human impacts, and can be used to establish baseline conditions for assessing the impacts of recent climate change and the introduction of non-native plants and animals. Statistically robust diatom transfer functions for conductivity, phosphate and silicate were developed, while pH and temperature transfer functions performed less well. The lower predictive abilities of the pH and temperature transfer functions probably reflect the broad pH tolerance range of diatoms on Macquarie Island and uneven distribution of lakes along the temperature gradient. This study contributes to understanding the current ecological distribution of Macquarie Island diatoms and provides transfer functions that will be applied in studies of diatoms in lake sediment cores to quantitatively reconstruct past environmental changes.
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Sindel, Brian M., Paul E. Kristiansen, Susan C. Wilson, Justine D. Shaw, and Laura K. Williams. "Managing invasive plants on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 6 (2017): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17073.

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The Antarctic region is one of the most inhospitable frontiers on earth for weed invasion. On Australia’s world heritage sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island only three species of invasive weeds are well established (Poa annua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill. and Cerastium fontanum Baumg.), although isolated occurrences of other species have been found and removed. These weed species are believed to have initially been introduced through human activity, a threat which is likely to increase, although strict biosecurity is in place. All three weeds are palatable and may have been suppressed to some extent by pest herbivore (rabbit) grazing. Given the high conservation value of Macquarie Island and threats to ecosystem structure and function from weed proliferation following rabbit eradication, well targeted invasive plant control management strategies are vital. We propose that a successful restoration program for Australia’s most southerly rangeland ecosystem should integrate both control of non-native plants as well as non-native herbivores. Of the non-native plants, S. media may most easily be managed, if not eradicated, because of its more limited distribution. Little, however, is known about the soil seed bank or population dynamics after rabbit eradication, nor the effect of herbicides and non-chemical control methods in cold conditions. A current research project on this non-grass species is helping to fill these knowledge gaps, complementing and building on data collected in an earlier project on the ecology and control of the more widespread invasive grass, P. annua. With an interest in off-target herbicide impacts, our work also includes a study of the movement and fate of herbicides in the cold climate Macquarie Island soils. Research in such a remote, cold, wet and windy place presents a range of logistical challenges. Nevertheless, outcomes are informing the development of effective, low-impact control or eradication options for sub-Antarctic weeds.
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Laursen, Gary A., Roland Treu, Rod D. Seppelt, and Steven L. Stephenson. "Mycorrhizal Assessment of Vascular Plants from Subantarctic Macquarie Island." Arctic and Alpine Research 29, no. 4 (November 1997): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551996.

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Harris, Stephen, Geof Copson, and Louisa d'Arville. "Notes on the sea caves of sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean." Polar Record 46, no. 2 (December 4, 2009): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990374.

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ABSTRACTCaves of marine origin occur in tectonically uplifted stacks on the coastal terrace and in plateau edge cliffs at a number of locations around Macquarie Island. Some of the caves have been located and their distributions mapped. Four of the best known caves are mapped in detail. Aspects of their geology, structure and biology, including speleothem development, clastic deposits, faunal remains and subfossil deposits are explored. Many of these caves contain deposits, which may have the potential to be investigated, as beach and peat deposits have been, for dating key time periods in the island's evolution. The palaeoenvironmental research potential of the sea caves on Macquarie Island has yet to be exploited. Further knowledge about these caves will assist in the understanding of the processes that have acted on Macquarie Island and other polar and sub-polar islands.
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RAMIREZ, MARIA ELIANA, Loretto Contreras-Porcia, MARIE-LAURE GUILLEMIN, JULIET BRODIE, CATALINA VALDIVIA, MARIA ROSA FLORES-MOLINA, ALEJANDRA NUÑEZ, CRISTIAN BULBOA CONTADOR, and CARLOS LOVAZZANO. "Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Bangiaceae) based on a population previously known as Porphyra columbina from the central coast of Chile." Phytotaxa 158, no. 2 (February 3, 2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.2.

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A new species of bladed Bangiales, Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov., has been described for the first time from the central coast of Chile based on morphology and molecular analyses. The new species was incorrectly known previously as Porphyra columbina (now Pyropia columbina), and it can be distinguished from other species of Pyropia through a range of morphological characteristics, including the shape, texture and colour of the thallus, and the arrangement of the reproductive structures on the foliose thalli. Molecular phylogenies based on both the mitochondrial COI and plastid rbcL gene regions enable this species to be distinguished from other species within Pyropia. P. orbicularis sp. nov. belongs to a well-supported clade of Pyropia from the southern oceans that include specimens from the South Pacific (North, South, Chatham, Stewart, Auckland, and Campbell Island, New Zealand, New South Wales, and Macquarie Island, Australia) including P. columbina and P. plicata. Within this clade, the highest sequence identity was observed between Pyropia orbicularis sp. nov. and Pyropia sp. FIC from the Falkland Islands.
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Kirkpatrick, J. B., and J. J. Scott. "Change in Undisturbed Vegetation on the Coastal Slopes of Subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980-1995." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34, no. 3 (August 2002): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1552488.

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Watson, Christopher, Richard Coleman, and Roger Handsworth. "Coastal Tide Gauge Calibration: A Case Study at Macquarie Island Using GPS Buoy Techniques." Journal of Coastal Research 244 (July 2008): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0844.1.

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Kirkpatrick, J. B., and J. J. Scott. "Change in Undisturbed Vegetation on the Coastal Slopes of Subantarctic Macquarie Island, 1980–1995." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34, no. 3 (August 2002): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2002.12003498.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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Braly, S. Katharine. "Environmental variables influencing sexual reproduction of sea oats, Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) across a natural dune field on Bear Island, North Carolina." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/r1/bralys/sbraly.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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Lefstad, E. A. Gradient analysis of the vegetation in a lagoonal salt marsh, Whidbey Island, Washington. [Pullman, Wash.]: Northwest Scientific Association, 1995.

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Isles of Scilly guidebook: Detailed island maps, circular walks with commentary, visitor information, guide to coastal plants & birds, guide to the ancient sites, island by island commentary. 2nd ed. Penzance (The White Cottage,Trereife,Penzance TR20 8TJ): Cormorant Design, 2004.

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Lefstad, E. A. Gradient analysis of the vegetation in a lagoonal euhaline marsh, Whidbey Island, Washington. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Macquarie Island, Australia." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 435–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_64.

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Bono, Andrea, and Martino Marini. "Renewable power sources in coastal areas. A viability assessment in the scope of needs and regulations." In Proceedings e report, 645–55. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.64.

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The work deals with renewable energy project, in the context of the deregulated energy market. Special attention is focused on renewables and on the situation in Italy from the standards point of view. The set up of a wind farm and a PV plant in coastal Sardinian area for both electricity and desalinated water production is studied. The convenience of fuelling desalination plants through renewables is investigated by taking into account additional on-side trading instruments. A model to simulate the operation wind and PV systems is applied both to calculate the produced energy and to assess the performance of a desalination plant, namely a reverse osmosis plant driven with PV and wind sources that works in a small island site.
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Cody, Martin L. "Plants." In Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortés II. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133462.003.0010.

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This chapter deals with the general features of plant diversity and distribution on the Sea of Cortés islands and to a lesser extent with adaptive features of plants such as morphology and phenology. This review is based mainly on the plant lists in appendixes 4.1-4.5 describing the island floras, endemics, and relicts. In our interpretations of these lists we draw from various floristic, systematic, and distributional works that pertain to the Gulf of California region and beyond. After an introductory section, we work from broader biogeographical questions to matters that have more local, specific, or taxonomically restricted perspectives. There must be few experiences in the biologist’s world to compare with approaching a “new” island by boat. The ingredients are adventure and suspense, mystery and perhaps even a little danger. There are feelings of discoveries to be made, knowledge to be extended, curiosity to be both piqued and satisfied. Such feelings are shared not only among natural historians but by any adventurous and curious traveler; the more difficult the island is to reach, the keener the excitement of the visit. The islands in the Sea of Cortés would seem ideally qualified to generate this sort of bioadventurism. They are mostly uninhabited and have been little explored biologically, and the mounting of small-scale expeditions to successfully reach (and leave) the islands is not always a trivial matter. First appearing as blurry, near-colorless breaks between the unrelenting blue of gulf and sky, the islands leave early impressions of abrupt topography and a seeming lack of vegetation. The dull-green smudge of plant life on foothill outwash fans and in the arroyos eventually becomes apparent, but almost up to the point of a landing the islands preserve the impression of rock masses broken only occasionally by bajadas on which a few cardons (Pachycereus pringlei) are conspicuous. Islands larger than a few square kilometers have well-developed drainage courses that reach the coasts as dry arroyos and provide breaks in the generally steep coastal cliffs. The beaches where the larger arroyos reach the coast are logical landing points, and here the visitor gets the first close look at the vegetation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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TSUJMOTO, GOZO, KOHJI UNO, ICHIRO DEGUCHI, MAMORU ARITA, and TETSUYA KAKINOKI. "FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF SEDIMENT, WIND AND COASTAL PLANTS ON FUKIAGE BEACH, AWAJI ISLAND." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on APAC 2009. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814287951_0173.

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Harrop, Grenville, and Bill P. Poirier. "Construction of Westinghouse AP1000™ Nuclear Power Plants in China." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30077.

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In July 2007, China entered a new era of sustainable, safe, and ecologically sound energy development by committing to build four AP1000™ units to be constructed in pairs at the coastal sites of Sanmen (Zhejiang Province) and Haiyang (Shandong Province). Both sites have the planned ability to accommodate at least six AP1000 units. The Westinghouse AP1000 is the only Generation III+ reactor to receive design certification from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). With a design that is based on the proven performance of Westinghouse-designed pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the AP1000 is an advanced 1100 megawatt (MW) plant that uses the forces of nature and simplicity of design to enhance plant safety and operations. Excavation commenced for the first of four China AP1000 units in February 2008, and placement of the basemat concrete for Sanmen Unit 1 was completed on schedule in March 2009. This was soon followed by the placement of the first major structural module; the auxiliary building. As part of localization and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) desire for self-reliance, a China-based module factory is constructing the major modules and manufacturing the containment vessel plates. The fabrication and welding of the containment vessel bottom head for Sanmen Unit 1 is now complete. The 2010 milestones for Sanmen Unit 1 include the setting of major modules such as the reactor vessel cavity, the steam generator, and refueling canal modules, plus containment vessel rings 1, 2, 3, and 4. All major equipment orders have been placed and the first deliveries are beginning to arrive. The technology transfer is also well underway. The Haiyang Unit 1 basemat was placed on schedule in September 2009 and Sanmen Unit 2 Nuclear Island (NI) concrete basemat placement was completed a month earlier than the milestone date of January 2010. Sanmen Unit 1 will be fully operational in November 2013 followed by Haiyang Unit 1 in May 2014. Operational dates for Sanmen Unit 2 and Haiyang Unit 2 are September 2014 and March 2015, respectively. As one of the world’s largest consumers of energy, China’s path in achieving sustainable energy has profound global economic and environmental consequences. The contract with the Westinghouse and Shaw Consortium for four AP1000 units is the largest of its type between the People’s Republic of China and the United States.
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Reports on the topic "Coastal plants Macquarie Island"

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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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