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1
Le Garrec, Vincent, Jacques Grall, Claire Chevalier, Benjamin Guyonnet, Jérôme Jourde, Nicolas Lavesque, Paulo Bonifácio, and James A. Blake. "Chaetozone corona (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae) in the Bay of Biscay: a new alien species for the North-east Atlantic waters?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 2 (April 21, 2016): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000540.
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The cirratulid species Chaetozone corona is reported for the first time from the North-east Atlantic waters. Several specimens were collected during oceanographic surveys between 1996 and 2015 from soft bottom habitats along the coasts of Brittany (Western France). This species, originally described from the coast of California, was recently recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea. We hypothesize that this species could have been recently introduced to the Atlantic coasts of Europe and colonized the northern coast of Bay of Biscay from the Loire estuary to the Iroise Sea. We discuss the potential vectors of introduction and the main environmental factors that could explain its current distribution. An identification key to all the known North-east Atlantic species of Chaetozone is given.
2
Daly, Aoife. "Ships and their timber source as indicators of connections between regions." AmS-Skrifter, no. 27 (January 6, 2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.264.
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The precise dating and determination of the source of timbers in shipwrecks found around the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through dendrochronology allows us to see connections between north and south, east and west throughout the region and to a high chronological precision. In this paper we take a look at results of recent analyses of timber from ships, and timber and barrel cargoes, to try to draw a chronological picture, from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries, of links between regions, through transport in oak ships and trade of timber. Archaeological finds of oak from timber cargos in shipwrecks and fine art objects (painted panels and sculpture) show the extent to which timber was shipped from Hanseatic towns along the southern Baltic coast, to western and north-western Europe.
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Artamonova, Valentina S., Nikolay V. Bardukov, Olga V. Aksenova, Tatiana S. Ivanova, Mikhail V. Ivanov, Elizaveta A. Kirillova, Andrey V. Koulish, et al. "Round-the-World Voyage of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Phylogeographic Data Covering the Entire Species Range." Water 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162484.
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A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b sequences of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins of all seas throughout the vast range of this species were analyzed. Median networks of haplotypes constructed in this study, combined with the results of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions, led to the conclusion that the threespine stickleback emerged as a species in the Pacific Ocean basin and spread to Europe from the south, populating the system of water bodies that existed in the Oligocene. The main water body was the Paratethys Ocean (Sea), which existed 5–34 Mya. In the area of the modern North Sea, stickleback populations, part of which later migrated to the eastern and western coasts of North America, gave rise to the group of haplotypes that has the widest distribution in northern Europe. The stickleback populations belonging to the lineage that dispersed along the Arctic and western coasts of North America displaced the carriers of the haplotypes of the ancient phylogenetic lineage that inhabited the Pacific coast. The ancestors of G. wheatlandi dispersed from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean via the Arctic to meet G. aculeatus, which circled the globe from east to west.
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Frederiksen, Norman O. "Differing histories of Eocene angiosperm diversity in eastern North America and western Europe: dependence on paleogeography." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006651.
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Studies of Eocene angiosperm pollen floras in eastern North America (my work, especially in the eastern Gulf Coast) and western Europe (Boulter, Krutzsch) have shown significant differences in floral diversities between the two regions: in western Europe, maximum diversity was in the early Eocene and it decreased thereafter, in eastern North America, maximum diversity was in the middle part of the middle Eocene. The hypothesis presented here is that paleogeography was an important control on the diversity histories in the two regions: eastern North America was part of a large terrestrial landmass, whereas the terrestrial depositional basins of western Europe were on islands or peninsulas surrounded by the sea. Migrations between eastern and western North America were relatively easy, but migrations within what is now western Europe involved island-hopping, which explains distinct diachroneity of some angiosperm first appearances among different basins there. Western European basins were in contact with a large land mass during late Paleocene time but became isolated and smaller during the middle to late Eocene marine transgression. These changes resulted in decreased genetic exchange and increased probabilities of extinction due to (1) greater competition among species because of a reduced number of niches and (2) presence of small, isolated species populations, leading to local variations in extinctions, which probably explain the observed diachronism of taxon last appearances in different areas of Europe. Terrestrial climatic cooling in western Europe may be linked to decreasing contact between the NW European Tertiary Basin and the warm Tethys Seaway during the middle and late Eocene. In short, some combination of low environmental heterogeneity, geographic isolation, and long-term climatic deterioration probably caused the decrease in angiosperm diversity during the middle and late Eocene in western Europe.Several factors encouraged increasing or stable diversity in eastern North America but were far less effective in western Europe: (1) Eastern North America underwent greater climatic fluctuations during the Eocene (thus, immigration of taxa with different climatic preferences took place at different times), whereas the islands and peninsulas of western Europe had more uniform, maritime climates. (2) Evolution and immigration of r-selected taxa in eastern North America were favored by distinct dry seasons at certain times during the Eocene and by repeated marine transgressions and regressions that created opportunities for evolution and immigration of r-selected plants on and to freshly exposed coastal plain. In contrast, the predominantly maritime climates of western Europe in the early and middle Eocene favored K-selected plants, which had fewer possibilities for evolution and which had greater difficulty in migrating because island-hopping taxa are mainly r-selected. (3) “Arcto-Tertiary” taxa adapted to cooler climates lived and evolved in the uplands of the Appalachian Mountains, whereas western Europe was relatively flat in the Eocene –another example of its relative lack of environmental heterogeneity.
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Amédro, Francis, Francis Robaszynski, Bertrand Matrion, and Christian Devalque. "A North American ammonite fauna from the late Middle Turonian of Vaucluse and Gard, southern France: the Romaniceras mexicanum, Prionocyclus hyatti and Coilopoceras cf. springeri association." Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2016-0040.
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Abstract An unusual, exotic, ammonite fauna including Romaniceras mexicanum Jones, 1938, Prionocyclus hyatti (Stanton, 1894) and Coilopoceras cf. springeri Hyatt, 1903 is recorded from the late Middle Turonian of Vaucluse and Gard, southern France. It is the first record of this ammonite association outside the Gulf Coast region and the Western Interior of the United States of North America. Up to present, these species were considered as endemic to the Western Interior sea-way. The migration of numerous ammonites from North America to western Europe during the late Middle Turonian suggests it is linked to a transgressive event or to a short sea-level high.
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Caminade, Cyril, Jolyon M. Medlock, Els Ducheyne, K. Marie McIntyre, Steve Leach, Matthew Baylis, and Andrew P. Morse. "Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus : recent trends and future scenarios." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 75 (April 25, 2012): 2708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0138.
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The Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ) is an invasive species that has the potential to transmit infectious diseases such as dengue and chikungunya fever. Using high-resolution observations and regional climate model scenarios for the future, we investigated the suitability of Europe for A. albopictus using both recent climate and future climate conditions. The results show that southern France, northern Italy, the northern coast of Spain, the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and western Turkey were climatically suitable areas for the establishment of the mosquito during the 1960–1980s. Over the last two decades, climate conditions have become more suitable for the mosquito over central northwestern Europe (Benelux, western Germany) and the Balkans, while they have become less suitable over southern Spain. Similar trends are likely in the future, with an increased risk simulated over northern Europe and slightly decreased risk over southern Europe. These distribution shifts are related to wetter and warmer conditions favouring the overwintering of A. albopictus in the north, and drier and warmer summers that might limit its southward expansion.
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Bednorz, Ewa, Bartosz Czernecki, Marek Półrolniczak, and Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk. "Atmospheric forcing of upwelling along the south-eastern Baltic coast." Baltica 31, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2018.31.07.
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The meteorological forcing on the occurrence of upwelling along the south-eastern Baltic Sea coast (Lithuanian-Latvian sector) is analysed in this study. The sea level pressure patterns and the locations of pressure centres inducing and inhibiting upwelling were identified. The research was performed for the years 1982–2017, for the months of May–September, when the sea waters are thermally stratified and the phenomenon is detectable. The frequency of upwelling is the highest in June (approximately 15%), July and August (11–13%) and the lowest in September (7%). The central and northern part of the Lithuanian–Latvian coast is most favourable for upwelling occurrence (frequency up to 20% in summer months). The main features of the sea level pressure patterns that induce upwelling in the research area are positive pressure anomalies spreading over Northern Europe and the Norwegian Sea, while negative anomalies encompass Southern Europe. Airflow around the anticyclonic centres gives a north-eastern component to the wind direction over the Lithuanian-Latvian shore. Two circulation types were recognized as inducing the occurrence of upwelling along the Lithuanian–Latvian coast. Both of them are characterized by the anticyclonic centres located west or northwest of the study area and intensify the northerly or north-easterly airflow over the research area. Different pressure patterns with the negative anomalies of sea level pressure spreading over the North Sea and the positive anomalies underlying Central Europe inhibit upwelling along the Lithuanian–Latvian coast. Such pressure conditions, bring about the western airflow component. More constant western winds restrain the upwelling process and bring about normal thermal stratification of coastal waters. A detailed analysis allowed the recognition of two circulation types inhibiting coastal upwelling in the study area. They reveal dipole patterns of sea level pressure anomalies, but the two inhibiting patterns differ substantially in the intensities and locations of the pressure centres and in wind conditions.
8
Moore, R. I. "The Birth of Europe as a Eurasian Phenomenon." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 3 (July 1997): 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00017078.
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Although they still differ considerably in their willingness to acknowledge it, specialists in the history of north-western Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries CE are increasingly treating it as that of the emergence of a new civilization in what had previously been a peripheral region of the Mediterranean-based civilization of the classical west, rather than as a continuation or revival of that civilization itself. In this light Europe, or Latin Christendom as it saw itself, offers a number of striking resemblances to the developments which Lieberman discusses. The most dynamic regions of the new Europe—north-western France, Flanders and lowland England, north-eastern Spain, northern Italy, southern Italy and Sicily—were all peripheral, though in various senses, both to the long-defunct classical civilization and its direct successors, the Byzantine and Abbasid Empires, and to the transitional and much more loosely based ninth-and tenth-century empires of the Franks and Saxons (Ottonians). To this one might add that by the end of the twelfth century the remaining rimlands of the Eurasian continent in a purely geographical sense—Scandinavia, including Iceland, and still more the southern coast of the Baltic and the areas dominated by the rivers which drained into it—were developing very rapidly indeed.
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Bouchet, Vincent M. P., Jean-Charles Pavard, Maria Holzmann, Mary McGann, Eric Armynot du Châtelet, Apolyne Courleux, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Jean-Claude Dauvin, and Laurent Seuront. "The invasive Asian benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio, 1962: identification of a new local in Normandy (France) and a discussion on its putative introduction pathways." Aquatic Invasions 18, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2023.18.1.103512.
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The invasive benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai has been found for the first time in Europe along the coast of Normandy. Its native range of distribution is in Asia (Japan and Korea), and it has also been introduced along the coasts of western North America, Brazil and Australia. Morphological and molecular assessments confirm that specimens found in Le Havre and Caen-Ouistreham harbors belong to the Asiatic type. Like in Asia, T. hadai was found in transitional waters with muddy sediments. It exhibited high relative abundances (up to about 40%) confirming that T. hadai is a highly competitive species. In the present study, it was nearly absent from natural transitional waters and very abundant in heavily modified habitats like harbors, suggesting that ballast waters may likely be the vector of introduction. It was not recorded farther north along the coast of the Hauts-de-France. It is further hypothesized that the finding of a few specimens outside the harbor may facilitate the expansion of T. hadai in the English Channel by means of propagules dispersion.
10
van Oldenborgh, G. J., S. Drijfhout, A. van Ulden, R. Haarsma, A. Sterl, C. Severijns, W. Hazeleger, and H. Dijkstra. "Western Europe is warming much faster than expected." Climate of the Past 5, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-1-2009.
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Abstract. The warming trend of the last decades is now so strong that it is discernible in local temperature observations. This opens the possibility to compare the trend to the warming predicted by comprehensive climate models (GCMs), which up to now could not be verified directly to observations on a local scale, because the signal-to-noise ratio was too low. The observed temperature trend in western Europe over the last decades appears much stronger than simulated by state-of-the-art GCMs. The difference is very unlikely due to random fluctuations, either in fast weather processes or in decadal climate fluctuations. In winter and spring, changes in atmospheric circulation are important; in spring and summer changes in soil moisture and cloud cover. A misrepresentation of the North Atlantic Current affects trends along the coast. Many of these processes ontinue to affect trends in projections for the 21st century. This implies that climate predictions for western Europe probably underestimate the effects of anthropogenic climate change.
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van Oldenborgh, G. J., S. Drijfhout, A. van Ulden, R. Haarsma, A. Sterl, C. Severijns, W. Hazeleger, and H. Dijkstra. "Western Europe is warming much faster than expected." Climate of the Past Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 12, 2008): 897–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-4-897-2008.
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Abstract. The warming trend of the last decades is now so strong that it is discernible in local temperature observations. This opens the possibility to compare the trend to the warming predicted by comprehensive climate models (GCMs), which up to now could not be verified directly to observations on a local scale, because the signal-to-noise ratio was too low. The observed temperature trend in western Europe over the last decades appears much stronger than simulated by state-of-the-art GCMs. The difference is very unlikely due to random fluctuations, either in fast weather processes or in decadal climate fluctuations. In winter and spring, changes in atmospheric circulation are important; in spring and summer changes in soil moisture and cloud cover. A misrepresentation of the North Atlantic Current affects trends along the coast. Many of these processes continue to affect trends in projections for the 21st century. This implies that climate predictions for western Europe probably underestimate the effects of anthropogenic climate change.
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Tudor, Mihaela, Ana Ramos-Pereira, and Pedro J. M. Costa. "A Possible Tsunami Deposit Associated to the CE 1755 Lisbon Earthquake on the Western Coast of Portugal." Geosciences 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070257.
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The CE 1755 Lisbon tsunami was the largest historical tsunami to affect the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa. This study presents the results obtained from the application of different sedimentological techniques (e.g., grain size, morphoscopy, microtextural analysis, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating) on sediments retrieved from the Alcabrichel River alluvial plain (of about 500 m far away from its mouth and approximatively 50 km northwest of Lisbon, Portugal). The results allowed the identification of a sandy layer that was associated with the CE 1755 tsunami. Furthermore, a new microtextural semi-quantitative classification was applied to enhance the identification of extreme marine inundation deposits. Based on sedimentological data, three different tsunami inundation phases were identified, including two inundations and a likely backwash. This innovative work offers physical evidence of the spatial presence of the CE 1755 tsunami event on the western coast of Europe. It also enables a reconstruction of tsunami inundation dynamics, with two flooding waves and an interspersed backwash.
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Ramos, A. M., R. Nieto, R. Tomé, L. Gimeno, R. M. Trigo, M. L. R. Liberato, and D. A. Lavers. "Atmospheric rivers moisture transport from a Lagrangian perspective." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 6, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 2617–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-6-2617-2015.
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Abstract. An automated atmospheric rivers (ARs) detection algorithm is used for the North Atlantic Ocean Basin allowing the identification of the major ARs that affected western European coasts between 1979 and 2014 over the winter half-year (October to March). The entire west coast of Europe was divided into five domains, namely, the Iberian Peninsula (9.75° W; 36–43.75° N), France (4.5° W; 43.75–50° N), UK (4.5° W; 50–59° N), southern Scandinavia and the Netherlands (5.25° E; 50–59° N), and northern Scandinavia (5.25° E; 59–70° N). Following the identification of the main ARs that made landfall in western Europe, a Lagrangian analysis was then applied in order to identify the main sources of moisture that reach each domain. The Lagrangian dataset used was obtained from the FLEXPART model global simulation from 1979 to 2012, where the atmosphere was divided into approximately 2.0 million parcels, and it was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. Results show that, in general, for all regions considered, the major climatological source of moisture extends along the subtropical North Atlantic, from the Florida Peninsula (northward of 20° N), to each sink region, with the nearest coast to each sink region always appearing as a local maximum of evaporation. In addition, during the AR events, the Atlantic subtropical source is reinforced and displaced, with a slight northward movement of the moisture sources is found when the sink region is positioned at higher latitudes. In conclusion, the results confirm the advection of moisture linked to ARs from subtropical ocean areas, but also the existence of a tropical one, and the mid-latitude sources further the analysed longitude along the North Atlantic is located eastward.
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Ramos, Alexandre M., Raquel Nieto, Ricardo Tomé, Luis Gimeno, Ricardo M. Trigo, Margarida L. R. Liberato, and David A. Lavers. "Atmospheric rivers moisture sources from a Lagrangian perspective." Earth System Dynamics 7, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-371-2016.
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Abstract. An automated atmospheric river (AR) detection algorithm is used for the North Atlantic Ocean basin, allowing the identification of the major ARs affecting western European coasts between 1979 and 2012 over the winter half-year (October to March). The entire western coast of Europe was divided into five domains, namely the Iberian Peninsula (9.75° W, 36–43.75° N), France (4.5° W, 43.75–50° N), UK (4.5° W, 50–59° N), southern Scandinavia and the Netherlands (5.25° E, 50–59° N), and northern Scandinavia (5.25° E, 59–70° N). Following the identification of the main ARs that made landfall in western Europe, a Lagrangian analysis was then applied in order to identify the main areas where the moisture uptake was anomalous and contributed to the ARs reaching each domain. The Lagrangian data set used was obtained from the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion) model global simulation from 1979 to 2012 and was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. The results show that, in general, for all regions considered, the major climatological areas for the anomalous moisture uptake extend along the subtropical North Atlantic, from the Florida Peninsula (northward of 20° N) to each sink region, with the nearest coast to each sink region always appearing as a local maximum. In addition, during AR events the Atlantic subtropical source is reinforced and displaced, with a slight northward movement of the sources found when the sink region is positioned at higher latitudes. In conclusion, the results confirm not only the anomalous advection of moisture linked to ARs from subtropical ocean areas but also the existence of a tropical source, together with midlatitude anomaly sources at some locations closer to AR landfalls.
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Shaman, Jeffrey. "The Seasonal Effects of ENSO on European Precipitation: Observational Analysis." Journal of Climate 27, no. 17 (August 28, 2014): 6423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00008.1.
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Abstract An analysis and characterization of seasonal changes in the atmospheric teleconnection between ENSO and western European precipitation, as well as atmospheric conditions over the North Atlantic and Europe, are presented. Significant ENSO-associated changes in precipitation are evident during the boreal spring and fall seasons, marginal during boreal summer, and absent during boreal winter. The spring and fall precipitation anomalies are accompanied by statistically significant ENSO-related changes in large-scale fields over the North Atlantic and Europe. These seasonal teleconnections appear to be mediated by changes in upper tropospheric conditions along the coast of Europe that project down to the lower troposphere and produce onshore or offshore moisture flux anomalies, depending on the season. Some ENSO-related changes in storm activity are also evident during fall and winter. Analyses during boreal winter reveal little effect of coincident ENSO conditions on either European precipitation or upper tropospheric conditions over Europe.
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Hamon, Caroline, and Claire Manen. "The Mechanisms of Neolithisation of Western Europe: Beyond a South/North Approach." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 718–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0164.
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Abstract Up until now, the neolithisation of Western Europe during the sixth millennium BCE has mainly been approached through the characterisation of its diffusion vectors (cultural vs demic diffusion) and the emergence of technoeconomic innovations (rhythms, scenarios, and transmission). Traditionally, two primary routes of agricultural diffusion are distinguished: one extending along the Danube river corridor to the Atlantic coast (Linearbandkeramik) and the other along the Mediterranean coastal zone (Impressed Ware). To move beyond this dichotomy, this article proposes a first attempt at an integrated approach to the mechanisms of neolithisation in Western Europe, one of the few territories where it is possible, and therefore necessary, to investigate the processes that are common to both of these principal neolithisation complexes. The most widely held vision, inherited from the 1980s, of a European Neolithic that developed from east to west following a regular rhythm has progressively been replaced by a more complex model of diffusion characterised by arrhythmia and cultural reconfigurations. Despite having different origins and trajectories, the expansion of the first farmers was made possible by a number of common mechanisms. Impresso-Cardial and Linearbandkeramik societies faced similar constraints, especially with regard to ensuring the stability of their social and economic models, while minimising the risks inherent to the colonisation of new territories. Three main mechanisms would have structured the first neolithisation phases of both spheres: a strong mobility of populations regulated to varying degrees by social rules, a strong solidarity expressed at multiple levels of interactions within each sphere, and, finally, the existence of syncretism and cultural recompositions including close and long-distance relations.
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Woodman, K. F., J. Juleff, and R. A. Allen. "Loran-C Chains: Determination of Extent of Cover." Journal of Navigation 41, no. 02 (May 1988): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009255.
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A mainly theoretical study has been undertaken to demonstrate how the extent of cover from a hyperbolic navigation system chain can be evaluated. The impetus for the study was the need to assess how Loran-C could be extended over Western Europe, particularly in the South western Approaches, North Sea, English Channel and Bay of Biscay sea areas.The technique described in this article leads to an accurate determination of the electric field strength at a distance from each transmitting site and takes into account the complexities of the ground-wave propagation path. This field-strength contour is combined with the geometric effects of station siting (expansion factors) to yield a constant S/N contour (–10 dB) which defines the ¼n.m. error and hence the limit of cover for the hyperbolic chain under study.In order to exercise the analytical methods a hypothetical Loran-C chain was studied comprising a master station at Lessay (France), with secondary stations at Soustons (also in France), at Sylt (dual rated; off the North Sea coast of Germany, near the Danish border) and at a fourth station located in north-west Britain on the Hebridean island of Barra. The study indicated that such a hypothetical chain would significantly improve Loran-C cover over much of western Europe.
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Ivanova, Svitlana. "FRONTIER DYNAMICS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATIC CHANGE." Paper of Faculty of History, no. 32 (December 29, 2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2312-6825.2021.32.250078.
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Climatic changes (aridization) in the Early Bronze Age allowed the population of the North-Western Black Sea coast to use natural resources in a greater volume than before. On the one hand, steppe ecosystems were such resources. The expansion of the steppe zone and its transformation stimulated the development of cattle-breeding economy. Therefore, part of the agricultural Late Tripolye population chose to change territory (relocation to the Northwestern Black Sea coast) and switch to a new for themselves economic and cultural type (mobile cattle breeding) to overcome the crisis situation. In our opinion, the analysis of the archaeological sources and the cultural and ecological situation indicate that the North-Western Frontier can be attributed to the cattle-breeding type. Taking into account the analysis of the colonization attractors and the relations between the newcomers (Yamna culture) and the local population in the zone of the Balkan-Carpathian Frontier, we can conclude that it belongs to the trade type. Apparently, the population, having advanced from the North-Western Black Sea coast, built peaceful relations with its partners, organically fitting into the context of the communities of South-Eastern Europe. Consideration of interrelations of the Yamna culture population with the autochthonous population demonstrates the multivariance of contacts and the absence of uniform norms and scenarios. Each micro-region had its own peculiarities, which do not indicate the replacement of the local population by aliens. The conclusions of geneticists about the total migration of the Yamna population to Central and Southeastern Europe, which led to the replacement of genetics and the formation of new cultures, can be refuted not only in terms of archaeology, but also in the framework of the frontier theory. The starting point of the frontier is the meeting of different communities and the interaction between them, which leads to processes of transformation. This is why understanding the frontier as a process allows researchers to move from its spatial localization to the social aspect. The theory of the frontier opens wide prospects for historical and archaeological research.
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Gibson, Peter H. "Distribution of the Cirratulid Polychaetes Dodecaceria Fimbriata, D. Concharum and D. Diceria in European Waters Between Latitudes 48°N and 70°N." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 3 (August 1996): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400031337.
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The distribution of Dodecaceria in northern Europe was found for samples borrowed from museums and other collections. Dodecaceria fimbriata was present in the coastal waters of mainland Britain and the Continent from the English Channel northwards. Dodecaceria concharum was only found in British mainland coastal waters and on the French coast at the western end of the English Channel. It was absent where salinities were below ~34%0. The two species were sampled along the Lothian and Borders coasts and the numbers of D. concharum fell with decreasing salinity as the Firth of Forth was approached. Dodecaceria diceria was found for the first time in the North Sea at depths of 100–200 m. The benthic salinity here is ~35%0.
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Fraaije, René H. B., Francisco J. Vega, Barry W. M. van Bakel, and Luis M. Garibay-Romero. "Late Cretaceous dwarf decapods from Guerrero, southern Mexico and their migration patterns." Contributions to Zoology 75, no. 03-04 (2006): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0750304002.
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Two new brachyuran species are described for the Upper Cretaceous Mexcala Formation, Guerrero State, Mexico. Longusorbis quadratus new species (Coniacian, Temalac region) is the oldest and southernmost record for the genus. Xanthosia zoquiapensis new species (Campanian, Zoquiapa region) is the first record for the genus in Mexico. In addition, the age for Costacopluma bishopi Vega and Feldmann is discussed (Coniacian, Temalac region) and represents the oldest and southernmost record for Cretaceous representatives of this genus in North America. All specimens are considerably smaller compared to other species of the same genera and are interpreted as the first example of brachyuran dwarfism in the geological record. These species add new insight into possible migratory routes during the Late Cretaceous. Within Longusorbis, a northwestern migratory route is documented from the Coniacian in Mexico to the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the west coast of North America (Canada), whereas within the genus Xanthosia, a western migratory route from the Albian of Europe to the Campanian of Mexico is indicated. Costacopluma migrated east and north to the west coast of Africa, southeast North America and Greenland.
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Doronicheva, Ekaterina V., Liubov V. Golovanova, Vladimir B. Doronichev, and Redzhep N. Kurbanov. "Archaeological evidence for two culture diverse Neanderthal populations in the North Caucasus and contacts between them." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 13, 2023): e0284093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284093.
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Neanderthals were widespread during the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) across Europe and Asia, including the Caucasus Mountains. Occupying the border between eastern Europe and West Asia, the Caucasus is important region regarding the Neanderthal occupation of Eurasia. On current radiometric estimates, the MP is represented in the Caucasus between about 260–210 ka and about 40 ka. Archaeological record indicates that several culture diverse MP hominin populations inhabited the Caucasus, but the region complex population history during this period remains poorly understood. In this paper, we identify for the first time the archaeological evidence indicating contacts between two culture diverse MP Neanderthal populations in the North Caucasus and discuss the nature of these contacts. Basing on the lithic assemblages that we excavated at Mezmaiskaya cave in the north-western Caucasus (Kuban River basin) and Saradj-Chuko grotto in the north-central Caucasus (Terek River basin), dating from MIS 5 to MIS 3, and comparative data from other MP sites in the Caucasus, we identify two large cultural regions that existed during the late MP in the North Caucasus. The distinctive toolkits and stone knapping technologies indicate that the MP assemblages from Mezmaiskaya cave and other sites in the west of North Caucasus represent a Caucasian variant of the Eastern Micoquian industry that was wide spread in central and eastern Europe, while the assemblages from Saradj-Chuko Grotto and other sites in the east of North Caucasus closely resemble the Zagros Mousterian industry that was wide spread in the Armenian Highlands, Lesser Caucasus and Zagros Mountains. The archaeological evidence implies that two culture diverse populations of Neanderthals settled the North Caucasus during the Late Pleistocene from two various source regions: from the Armenian Highlands and Lesser Caucasus along the Caspian Sea coast, and from Russian plain along the Sea of Azov coast.
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Bardelli, Roberta, Giorgio Mancinelli, Antonio Mazzola, and Salvatrice Vizzini. "The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus spreading in the Tyrrhenian sea: evidence of an established population in the Stagnone di Marsala (Sicily, southern Italy)." Naše more 70, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2023/si6.
Full textAbstract:
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a portunid brachyuran native of the Atlantic coasts of America. In the last decades, the species has greatly expanded its range in invaded areas, currently including the Atlantic coasts of Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea as well as the eastern Atlantic coasts of Europe from Portugal to France, Belgium, and Germany. In the present study, several specimens of C. sapidus were collected in May, June and July 2021 in the Stagnone di Marsala, a semi-enclosed basin located in the north-western coast of Sicily (southern Italy, Mediterranean Sea) characterized by low hydrodynamics and water exchange with the adjacent open sea and high salinity conditions. Juveniles at different instar stages and ovigerous females were repeatedly captured, suggesting the presence of an established population of the blue crab, despite the peculiar environmental conditions characterizing the basin. These findings are discussed in the context of the current expansion of the species along the African coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Doronichev, Vladimir B., and Liubov V. Golovanova. ""Oldowan" in the northern Caucasus – archaeology from the seabed or just geology." Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 4 (January 31, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/hn3uqh.
Full textAbstract:
The authors discuss the geoarchaeological data indicating that the Oldowan-age assemblages, which are reported during the last years on the Taman peninsula, in the north-western Caucasus, and in Dagestan, in the north-eastern Caucasus, are found in the marine coast environment near the contact with the sea basin, with evidence for the presence of shallow water (in Muhkai II and other localities in Dagestan) or wave activity (in Kermek and other localities on Taman). The marine environment is not reported in any Early Pleistocene archaeological site in either Europe or south-western Asia, or Africa. Moreover, the geological contexts identified in the Early Pleistocene localities in the northern Caucasus correspond to typical conditions for the formation of eoliths or geofacts. The combined archaeological and geoarchaeological indicators strongly suggest that these North Caucasian assemblages most likely represent collections of naturally broken stones that were selected by researchers among fragments of the same rock that is present naturally in these areas.
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Clements, David R., David J. Peterson, and Raj Prasad. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-128.
Full textAbstract:
Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe and North Africa. During the past century it has greatly expanded its adventive range in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Europe, and along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and Queen Charlotte Islands) where it is classed as a noxious weed. Gorse is also found from Virginia to Massachusetts on the east coast of North America. The shrub rapidly invades dry and disturbed areas, forming dense thickets that can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. It can occupy the same habitats as Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link] but usually occurs on drier sites. Both of these legumes threaten native plant communities but U. europaeus persists longer and possesses conspicuous spines. Invasive characteristics of gorse include its evergreen habit, prolific seed production, longevity of seeds in the soil and nitrogen fixation. Human activities such as agriculture and construction of logging roads have accelerated the spread of gorse in British Columbia, but there is still an historic opportunity to restrict the population expansion that this species has exhibited in many other countries. Various methods of control (chemical, manual, biological and integrated) are evaluated. Key words: Ulex europaeus, Cytisus scoparius, exotic plant, biological control, Exapion ulicis
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Gregersen, Søren, Jørgen Hjelme, and Erik Hjortenberg. "Earthquake in Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 44 (February 28, 1998): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1998-44-07.
Full textAbstract:
Within the last two decades the sensitivity to small earthquakes has been much improved in Denrnark. Two to ten earthquakes are recorded each year of magnitudes 1% to 4%. The seismicity pattem seen in recent data basically confirms the patterns noted from previous instrumental locations, as well as from felt areas of older dates. This means earthquake activity cutting off the earthquake zones of western Nonvay and of southem Sweden: (1) In north-western Jylland, and in the Skagerrak Sea the earthquake zone cuts off a zone of earthquakes along the western coast of Norway. At least some of these earthquakes in Jylland and Skagerrak occur at depths 30-40 km, close to Moho. (2) In north-eastern Sjaelland and in the Kattegat Sea, as well as around Bornholm the earthquake activity occurs in the upper crust, at depths shallower than 15 km. This appears as the south-western boundary of the scattered activity in south-western Sweden. In general terms this can be considered the south-western rheological edge of the Fennoscandian Shield. The north-western earthquake zone is along the middle axis of the Norwegian-Danish Basin, and the eastern earthquake zone is in the Tornquist Zone. The two earthquake zones are not connected. This can not be ascribed to lack of sensitivity, so the Fennoscandian Border Zone can not be termed active as such. The central part of Denrnark is aseisrnic; and the same is true for the south-western part of Denmark and northern Germany. In the North Sea the graben area is the most active. The Viking Graben in the north has a significant earthquake activity, and the Central Graben, which goes through the Danish sector of the North Sea has small, but noticeable activity. On the British side of the graben there are additional active areas. The stress field responsible for these earthquakes is rather uniform across the Fennoscandian Border Zone, with scattered exceptions. It reflects the general NW-SE compression of northem Europe between the North Atlantic spreading ridge and the Alpine collision between Europe and Africa.
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Williams, R. B. "Actinothoe Sphyrodeta (Cnidaria, Actiniaria): The First Records from Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 1 (February 1997): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400033907.
Full textAbstract:
The known geographical distribution of the sea anemone Actinothoe sphyrodeta (Gosse) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), hitherto generally believed to occur in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Shetland Islands to the Bay of Biscay, has been extended with new records from the Iberian Peninsula. These records comprise three from the west coast of Portugal and one from the Mediterranean coast of Spain.The sea anemones (Actiniaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean have been closely studied for at least a century and a half, and along with those of the Mediterranean Sea, constitute perhaps the best known actiniarian fauna in the world. Furthermore, there has long been discussion of the endemicity of Mediterranean sea anemones, and of apparent overlaps between the distributions of some Atlantic and Mediterranean species. It is, therefore, of particular interest when a species thought to have a solely Atlantic or solely Mediterranean distribution is discovered on the ‘wrong’ side of the Strait of Gibraltar. The anemone Actinothoe sphyrodeta (Gosse) was hitherto generally believed to occur only in north-western Europe, with a range from the Shetland Islands to the Bay of Biscay (e.g. Fischer, 1890; Manuel, 1981). It is reported here for the first time from Portugal and from the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
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Gerasimiuk, V. P. "Microscopic algae of some lakes of the North-Western Black Sea coast (Ukraine)." Algologia 30, no. 4 (December 2020): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg30.04.382.
Full textAbstract:
Paper summarizes information on the diversity of microscopic algae of 10 lakes of the north-western Black Sea coast (Bile, Kahul, Kartal, Katlabukh, Kytai, Pysarske, Sasyk, Safyany and Yalpug). A total of 339 species belonging to 135 genera, 62 families, 30 orders, 10 classes, 7 divisions were identified. The richest divisions were Bacillariophyta (198) and Chlorophyta (62) and Cyanophyta (40). Representatives of Euglenophyta (18), Charophyta (15), Ochrophyta (5) and Dinophyta (1) were less diverse. In the studied lakes, 13 new species were found for the Danube lakes and four species are first cited for the water bodies of the North-Western Black Sea Coast and the territory of Ukraine. Among them Pinnularia fonticola Hustedt is new record to Europe. Genera Nitzschia Hassall (26), Navicula Bory (15), Сymbella C.Agardh (9), Tryblionella W.Sm. (9), Desmodesmus (F.Chodat) An, Friedl et E.Hegew.(9), Caloneis Cleve (8), Gomphonema (C.Agardh) Ehrenb. (8), Euglena Ehrenb. (7), Cosmarium Corda et Ralfs (7) and Oscillatoria Vaucher ex Gomont (7) formed the basis of the species composition of algae in studied lakes. Morphologically, 189 species are unicellular, 119 colonial and 31 multicellular algae. Of these, 157 species are known as motile and 182 as immotile forms. On different types of substrates different numbers of microalgae species were identified. 148 species grew epiphytically on macrophytes; on solid substrates, 42 species were revealed on concrete and 38 on stones. On the bottom, 110 species were found on silt and 41 on sand. In relation to the level of water mineralization in the lakes freshwater species dominated (281). They include 221 species of indifferents, 58 halophiles and 2 halophobes. Mesohalobes were represented by 52 species, six species are marine (polyhalobes). Lakes Yalpug (198 species), Kugurluy (198) and Katlabukh (192) were the richest in microalgae species.
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Gołębiewski, Ignacy, and Magdalena Remisiewicz. "Carry-Over Effects of Climate Variability at Breeding and Non-Breeding Grounds on Spring Migration in the European Wren Troglodytes troglodytes at the Baltic Coast." Animals 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2023): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13122015.
Full textAbstract:
Many studies have linked changes in avian phenology in Europe to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which serves as a proxy for conditions in western Europe. However, the effects of climate variation in other regions of Europe on the phenology of short-distance migrants with large non-breeding grounds remain unclear. We determined the combined influence of large-scale climate indices, NAO, the Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MOI), and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAND), during the preceding year on spring migration timing of European wren at the southern Baltic coast during 1982–2021. We modelled the effects of these climate variables on the entire passage and subsequent percentiles of the wren’s passage at Bukowo-Kopań and Hel ringing stations. Over 1982–2021, the start and median of migration shifted earlier at Hel, but the end of passage shifted later at both stations. In effect, the duration of passage at Hel was extended by 7.6 days. Early passage at Hel was related with high MOI in spring and the preceding autumn. Spring passage at Bukowo-Kopań was delayed after high NAO in the previous breeding season, and high winter and spring NAO. Late spring passage occurred at both stations following a high SCAND in the previous summer. At both locations, an early start or median of passage followed high local temperatures. We conclude that phenology of the wren’s spring migration at the Baltic coast was shaped by conditions encountered at wintering quarters in western Europe, where NAO operates, and in the south-eastern Europe, where the MOI operates, in conjunction with conditions in Scandinavia during the previous breeding season. We demonstrated that climate variability in various parts of the migrants’ range has combined carry-over effects on in migrants’ phenology in Europe.
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Okamoto, Sachiko, Juan Cuesta, Matthias Beekmann, Gaëlle Dufour, Maxim Eremenko, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Cathy Boonne, Hiroshi Tanimoto, and Hajime Akimoto. "Impact of different sources of precursors on an ozone pollution outbreak over Europe analysed with IASI+GOME2 multispectral satellite observations and model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 7399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7399-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We examine the impact of different sources of ozone precursors on the daily evolution of successive ozone pollution outbreaks across Europe in July 2017 by using a multispectral satellite approach called IASI+GOME2 and a tropospheric chemistry reanalysis named TCR-2. IASI+GOME2, combining IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) measurements respectively in the infrared and the ultraviolet, allows the observation of the daily horizontal distribution of ozone in the lowermost troposphere (defined here as the atmospheric layer between the surface and 3 km above sea level). IASI+GOME2 observations show a fair capacity to depict near-surface ozone evolution as compared to surface measurements from 188 European stations for the period 15–27 July 2017. At the beginning of this event (on 16 July), an ozone outbreak is initially formed over the Iberian Peninsula likely linked with high temperature-induced enhancements of biogenic volatile organic compound concentrations and collocated anthropogenic emissions. In the following days, the ozone plume splits into two branches, one being transported eastward across the western Mediterranean and Italy and the other one over western and Central Europe. The southern branch encounters ozone precursors emitted over the Balkan Peninsula by wildfires along the coast of the Adriatic Sea and biogenic sources in the inland region of the peninsula. Ozone concentrations of the northern plume are enhanced by photochemical production associated with anthropogenic sources of ozone precursors over Central Europe and by mixing with an ozone plume arriving from the North Sea that was originally produced over North America. Finally, both ozone branches are transported eastwards and mix gradually as they reach the northern coast of the Black Sea. There, emissions from agricultural fires after harvesting clearly favour photochemical production of ozone within the pollution plume, which is advected eastwards in the following days. Based on satellite analysis, this paper shows the interplay of various ozone precursor sources to sustain a 2-week-long ozone pollution event over different parts of Europe.
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Britton, John A., and Jorma Ahvenainen. "Showdown in South America: James Scrymser, John Pender, and United States–British Cable Competition." Business History Review 78, no. 1 (2004): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25096827.
Full textAbstract:
The British dominated the world's submarine cable business over the second half of the nineteenth century, but they encountered significant challenges in the 1880s and 1890s—especially from James Scrymser, an upstart entrepreneur from New York. Scrymser exploited a strategic gap in the cable system in the Western Hemisphere and became locked in a confrontation along the west coast of South America with John Pender, the leading British cable magnate. Scrymser gained the upper hand in Chile by outmaneuvering Pender and used this victory to expand his operations with the telegraph network that linked South America, North America, and Europe.
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Vikhrev, Ilya V., Evgenii P. Ieshko, Alexander V. Kondakov, Nikolai S. Mugue, Galina V. Bovykina, Denis A. Efremov, Andrei G. Bulakhov, Alena A. Tomilova, Olesya A. Yunitsyna, and Ivan N. Bolotov. "Postglacial Expansion Routes and Mitochondrial Genetic Diversification of the Freshwater Pearl Mussel in Europe and North America." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060477.
Full textAbstract:
The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is a unionid species distributed across Northwestern Russia, Fennoscandia, Western and Southwestern Europe, and the Atlantic Coast of North America. In this study, we reconstructed the post-glacial expansion routes of this species based on FST genetic distances and the fact that M. margaritifera distribution is directly connected with salmonid expansion. The freshwater-pearl-mussel populations from North America and Northeastern Europe were the closest groups, judging by FST distances, supporting the concept of the North Atlantic Salmo salar colonization of the Barents and White Sea basins. We also documented that unique haplotypes in the populations of the Baltic and White Sea basins may have originated in isolated glacial refugia in Eastern and Northeastern Europe. The Iberian clade was the most distant group of populations, which is consistent with the previously observed role of the Iberian Peninsula as a glacial refugium. The high genetic diversity in the populations of Northern and Eastern Karelia was facilitated by migrants utilizing complex periglacial hydrological networks and by admixture in the contact zone where the migration flows met. We confirm that this region should be considered as a major center of genetic diversity within the European part of the species’ range.
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Squires, Richard L. "West coast North America record of the Paleogene marine stromboid gastropodRimellaand paleobiogeography of the genus." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 5 (September 2013): 826–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-018.
Full textAbstract:
The west coast of North America record of the shallow-marine stromboid gastropod genusRimellaAgassiz, 1841 is restudied for the first time in 90 years. This genus comprises a small group of Paleogene gastropods characterized by having an ornamented fusiform shell, a posterior canal ascending the spire, and simple (non-flared) outer lip.Rimella, whose familial ranking has been inconsistent, is placed here in family Rostellariidae Gabb, 1868, subfamily Rimellinae Stewart, 1927.EctinochilusCossmann, 1889;MacilentosClark and Palmer, 1923;VaderosClark and Palmer, 1923; andCowlitziaClark and Palmer, 1923 are recognized here as junior synonyms ofRimella. Four species are recognized from the west coast of North America: early to middle EoceneRimella macilentaWhite, 1889; early EoceneRimella oregonensisTurner, 1938; middle to late EoceneRimella supraplicata(Gabb, 1864) new combination, of whichRostellaria canaliferGabb, 1864,Cowlitizia washingtonensisClark and Palmer, 1923, andCowlitzia problematicaHanna, 1927 are recognized here as junior synonyms; and late EoceneRimella elongataWeaver, 1912.Rimellawas a warm-water gastropod whose earliest known record is of early Paleocene (Danian) age in Pakistan. Other than the west coast of North America,Rimellais found in Eocene strata in western Europe, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, southeastern United States, Panama, Peru, and, to a lesser degree, in Trinidad, Columbia, Java, and New Zealand. Global cooling near the end of the Eocene greatly diminished the genus. Its youngest known occurrences are of early Oligocene age in Germany, Italy, England, and Peru.
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Smolik, J., V. Ždimal, J. Schwarz, M. Lazaridis, V. Havránek, K. Eleftheriadis, N. Mihalopoulos, C. Bryant, and I. Colbeck. "Size resolved mass concentration and elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols over the eastern Mediterranean area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2003): 2547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-2547-2003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A Berner low pressure impactor was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples at Finokalia, located on the north-eastern coast of Crete, Greece during July 2000 and January 2001. Several samples were also collected during the summer campaign aboard the research vessel "AEGAIEO" in the Aegean Sea. Gravimetric analysis and inversion techniques yielded daily PM1 and PM10 mass concentrations. Further, the samples were analysed by PIXE giving elemental size distributions of Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr, S, Cl, Ni, V, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb. The crustal elements and sea-salt had a unimodal supermicron size distribution. Sulphur was found predominantly in submicron fractions. K, V, and Ni exhibited bimodal distribution with a submicron mode produced by forest fires and oil combustion. The anthropogenic elements had broad and not well-defined distributions. The time series for PM1 and PM10 mass and elemental concentrations showed both daily and seasonal variation. Higher mass concentrations were observed during two incursions of Saharan dust. Higher concentrations of S, Cu, Zn, and Pb were encountered in samples collected in air masses arriving from northern Greece or the western coast of Turkey. Higher concentrations of chlorine were found in samples with air masses either originating above the Atlantic Ocean and arriving at Finokalia via western Europe or recirculating over the western coast of the Black Sea.
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Smolík, J., V. Ždímal, J. Schwarz, M. Lazaridis, V. Havárnek, K. Eleftheriadis, N. Mihalopoulos, C. Bryant, and I. Colbeck. "Size resolved mass concentration and elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols over the Eastern Mediterranean area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 6 (December 9, 2003): 2207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2207-2003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A Berner low pressure impactor was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples at Finokalia, located on the north-eastern coast of Crete, Greece during July 2000 and January 2001. Several samples were also collected during the summer campaign aboard the research vessel "AEGAIEO" in the Aegean Sea. Gravimetric analysis and inversion techniques yielded daily PM1 and PM10 mass concentrations. The samples were also analysed by PIXE giving the elemental size distributions of Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr, S, Cl, Ni, V, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb. The crustal elements and sea-salt had a unimodal supermicron size distribution. Sulphur was found predominantly in submicron fractions. K, V, and Ni exhibited a bimodal distribution with a submicron mode produced by forest fires and oil combustion. The anthropogenic elements had broad and not well-defined distributions. The time series for PM1 and PM10 mass and elemental concentrations showed both daily and seasonal variation. Higher mass concentrations were observed during two incursions of Saharan dust, whilst higher concentrations of S, Cu, Zn, and Pb were encountered in samples collected in air masses arriving from northern Greece or the western coast of Turkey. Elevated concentrations of chlorine were found in samples with air masses either originating above the Atlantic Ocean and arriving at Finokalia via western Europe or recirculating over the western coast of the Black Sea.
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Valjarević, Aleksandar, Dragan Radovanović, Svetislav Šoškić, Nikola Bačević, Nikola Milentijević, Jelena Golijanin, and Marko Ivanović. "GIS and geographical analysis of the main harbors in the world." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0223.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper points out the possibilities of better exploitation of marine traffic as well as its connection with other kinds of traffic. Special attention is given to the analysis of 1,081 harbors about their availability during the year. The methods and algorithms used in GIS are buffers, cluster, method of interpolations, and network analysis. The methods used for the purpose of conducting numerical analyses are algorithms that served for the analysis of the network, its transport features, and the connectivity with harbors in terms of geospace. The main results found in this research showed that harbors have good connectivity in the first place with road traffic and after that with air and railroad traffic. According to data from 2019, all traffic lines cover 4.1 × 1015 km, and the road traffic has the most significant potential in connection with the harbors. The most connected harbors and airports are in the east coast of North America, west coast, north Europe, southern Europe, south-east Australia, a central part of Oceania, and south-east Africa. The results in the modified Likert scale between airports and harbors showed medium results. The densest road network is located in the eastern part of USA, western and central part of Europe, and east coast of China. The number of possible connected lines between main road nodes and harbors is 0.8 × 109. This type of traffic showed excellent results and connection with harbors. The number of possible connected lines per month between railroads and harbors is 1.3 × 103. This type of traffic showed low connectivity with the harbors. In the end comparison of harbors with air, road and railroad networks were established. The geographical position of harbors was analyzed, and better understanding was performed on a global scale.
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Burvingt, Olivier, and Bruno Castelle. "COASTAL DUNES CHANGES ALONG THE WESTERN COAST OF EUROPE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.28.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal dunes are natural barriers buffering storm waves, protecting coastal communities from flooding and rising sea level, and providing a valuable source of biodiversity for the surrounding environment. Significant dune erosion caused by storm waves and high water levels generally takes place over hours or days, while post-storm recovery can take years or decades (Houser et al., 2015). Although coastal dunes have received quite a lot of attention over the last decades, knowledge gaps remain, and our understanding and predicting capacity of long-term (years to decades) coastal dune evolution remain limited. The large diversity of coastal dunes along the Atlantic coast of Europe and the sequence of extreme storms observed during the 2013/14 winter, considered as the most energetic storms since at least 1948 (Masselink, 2016), represent a unique opportunity to study the spectrum of coastal dune response and recovery from an extreme winter.
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Lundström, Catrin. "Creating ‘international communities’ in southern Spain: Self-segregation and ‘institutional whiteness’ in Swedish lifestyle migration." European Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 5-6 (April 2, 2018): 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549418761793.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines intra-European relations in narratives of Swedish lifestyle migrants living permanently or part-time on the Spanish Sun Coast. It pays particular attention to the complexities of Swedish migrants’ cultural identities and patterns of self-segregation in the Spanish society by investigating the following questions: How do boundaries of social networks that Swedish lifestyle migrants participate in, or interrelate, with a sense of ‘likeness’? In what ways are the formation of these ‘international’ networks mediated through ideas of cultural similarity and parallel difference, and how do such notions both override and uphold boundaries tied to social, cultural and racial divisions? It is argued that the formation of so-called ‘international communities’ on the Spanish Sun Coast tend to cluster mainly north-western European lifestyle migrants, which calls for an analysis of ‘orientations’ towards a certain ‘likeness’, and the function of these spaces and communities as spaces of ‘institutional whiteness’ that work as a ‘meeting point’ where some bodies tend to feel comfortable as they already belong here. The social and cultural boundaries that surround these communities destabilises the idea of a common, culturally homogeneous European identity and display intra-European racial divisions mediated through discourses of cultural differences. What appears is a south–north divide built upon a deep Swedish postcolonial identification with Anglo Saxon and north-western European countries and cultures, and a parallel dis-identification with (the former colonial powers in) southern Europe.
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Santesson, R. "Pyrenocollema Elegans, A New Marine Lichen." Lichenologist 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282992000045.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPyrenocollema elegans sp. nov., a widespread lichen on the Atlantic coast of Europe and the Pacific coast of North and South America, is distinguished from other members of the genus by a thallus bearing numerous black ridges and warts.
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Castriota, Luca, Manuela Falautano, and Patrizia Perzia. "When Nature Requires a Resource to Be Used—The Case of Callinectes sapidus: Distribution, Aggregation Patterns, and Spatial Structure in Northwest Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and Adjacent Waters." Biology 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2024): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13040279.
Full textAbstract:
The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus, which is native to the western Atlantic coast and listed among the 100 most invasive alien species in the Mediterranean Sea, is attracting a great deal of interest because of its rapid colonisation of new areas, the significant increase in its population, and the impacts it may have on ecosystems and ecosystem services. Outside its natural distribution range, the species was first found on European Atlantic coasts in the early 1900s and was introduced into the Mediterranean Sea a few decades later, probably through ballast water. Currently, it is found in almost the entire Mediterranean Basin and is also expanding into the Black Sea and along the north African and Iberian Atlantic coasts. Based on a systematic review of C. sapidus occurrences, this study describes its distribution, aggregation patterns, and spatial structure in Northwest Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and adjacent waters through a series of ecological indicators elaborated using GIS spatial–temporal statistics. The main results highlight that the species is expanding in the Mediterranean and adjacent waters, while in northern Europe, the population remains confined in some areas. Furthermore, the main species detection methods are analysed, finding that traps and nets are the most frequently used methods, and management suggestions are provided.
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Bengtsson, Kenneth. "Ökande antal övervintrande mellanskarvar Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis i Öresund." Ornis Svecica 9, no. 1–2 (April 1, 1999): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v9.22913.
Full textAbstract:
The Cormorant of the subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis has increased markedly in north-western Europe during the last decades. Most of the sinensis breeding in northern Europe migrate south in autumn with most birds wintering in the Mediterranean including the coast of North Africa. It has been known for a long time that birds from the Norwegian population of the subspecies carbo winter in coastal and offshore areas in southern Sweden, Denmark and the Baltic. During recent winters an increasing number of Cormorants have occurred in these waters and it is now believed that the increase has been caused partly by a change in the winter distribution of North European sinensis. In this paper I describe the increase in southern Öresund between Denmark and Scania. I also present data on winter recoveries from these and adjacent waters of sinensis birds ringed in Sweden. I suggest that the increase may depend on the abundance of herring or perhaps other shoaling fishes. I estimate that the large winter flock consume about 120 tons in December–January, which is 0.07% of the herring population in a peak year.
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Smolnikar, Peter, Robert Brus, and Kristjan Jarni. "Differences in Growth and Log Quality of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030287.
Full textAbstract:
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is a non-native conifer from western North America that was introduced into European forests at the end of the 19th century. Plantations of Douglas-fir in Europe have shown good performance, quality, and resilience to exacerbating climatic conditions. However, all these qualities strongly depend on provenance. A total of 1061 surviving trees of fifteen different Douglas-fir provenances were measured in a Slovenian provenance trial that was established within the framework of the 1966/1967 IUFRO seed collection program. We found significant differences among provenances with respect to survival rate, growth performance, and log quality. The total recorded yield of the 46-year-old stand was 602.9 m3/ha, and the average survival rate was 43%. The correlation of juvenile tree heights in 1985 and their average breast height diameters in 2017 is positive and significant. Based on vitality and diameter, the best performing provenances were Yelm and Cathlamet. The provenance with the best log quality assessed through branchiness is Jefferson (Olympic Peninsula, western Washington). All the most promising provenances for western Slovenia (Central Europe) originate from the low-altitude western coast of Washington (WACO), with the Cathlamet provenance showing the best combination of good growth, survival rate, and log quality.
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Schumacker, R., and J. Vá4a. "Two new liverworts for Europe in Macaronesia: Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis. on the Azores and Jungermannia callithrix Lindenb. & Gottsche on the Azores and Madeira." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 17, no. 1 (December 31, 1999): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.17.1.14.
Full textAbstract:
Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis. and Jungermannia callithrix Lindenb. et Gottsche, two liverworts mainly distributed in the Neotropics, are reported at hand of many collections from Macaronesia. O. prostratum occurs on 8 of the 9 Azorean islands, growing on all type of substrates, even epiphyllous, but rarely in bogs. J. callithrix is known from 8 Azorean islands and from Madeira, growing epigeic. The phytogeographical interest of the occurrence on the Azores of some 39 liverworts (among 147) belonging to the neotropical and/or paleotropical elements is discussed. Most of the neotropical species may have been easily transported to the Azores by the frequent depressions (or occasionally storms) moving rapidly at relatively low altitude (3,000 m) from the North or Central American eastern coasts or from the Caribbean islands and Bermuda to Western Europe in a few days. Only a few of these species could have been be introduced by human activities, mainly along the coast.
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Cortés Sánchez, Miguel, Francisco J. Jiménez Espejo, María D. Simón Vallejo, Juan F. Gibaja Bao, António Faustino Carvalho, Francisca Martinez-Ruiz, Marta Rodrigo Gamiz, et al. "The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in southern Iberia." Quaternary Research 77, no. 2 (March 2012): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.12.003.
Full textAbstract:
New data and a review of historiographic information from Neolithic sites of the Malaga and Algarve coasts (southern Iberian Peninsula) and from the Maghreb (North Africa) reveal the existence of a Neolithic settlement at least from 7.5 cal ka BP. The agricultural and pastoralist food producing economy of that population rapidly replaced the coastal economies of the Mesolithic populations. The timing of this population and economic turnover coincided with major changes in the continental and marine ecosystems, including upwelling intensity, sea-level changes and increased aridity in the Sahara and along the Iberian coast. These changes likely impacted the subsistence strategies of the Mesolithic populations along the Iberian seascapes and resulted in abandonments manifested as sedimentary hiatuses in some areas during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. The rapid expansion and area of dispersal of the early Neolithic traits suggest the use of marine technology. Different evidences for a Maghrebian origin for the first colonists have been summarized. The recognition of an early North-African Neolithic influence in Southern Iberia and the Maghreb is vital for understanding the appearance and development of the Neolithic in Western Europe. Our review suggests links between climate change, resource allocation, and population turnover.
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Gvoždík, Václav, Zdeněk Harca, Alexandra Hánová, Daniel Jablonski, Mihails Pupins, Andris Čeirāns, and Timo Paasikunnas. "Two species of slow worm (Anguis fragilis, A. colchica) present in the Baltic region." Amphibia-Reptilia 42, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10055.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Five European slow worms (Anguis) have mostly parapatric distributions. Two species, A. fragilis and A. colchica, are widely distributed across the western and eastern parts of the genus range. Their contact zone runs from the north-eastern Balkans, through Pannonia to northern Central Europe. In northern Poland, the contact zone has been located approximately between the North and East European Plains. Here, we present the first mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data from Finland and the coastal Baltics. We demonstrate that A. fragilis enters the East European Plains, where it is presumably distributed along the Baltic coast. Our data indicate that A. colchica is present more inland and to the north of Riga. The genetic structure suggests three independent postglacial colonization events in the Baltics (two by A. colchica). The presence of the two species, A. fragilis and A. colchica, should be considered by the conservation legislations of Lithuania, Latvia and Russia.
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Rajagopalan, K. "The complex mosaic of Englishes." English Today 32, no. 1 (February 3, 2016): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000413.
Full textAbstract:
The English language is no longer any one nation's monopoly; practically every nation on earth has a stake in it. This is the overall thrust of the book in the spotlight. The amazing journey of the language from a none-too-conspicuous dialect once spoken on a part of a tiny island off the north-western coast of Continental Europe to a language of wider communication across the world is the topic that the book engages with. In the ten chapters that make up this book, Urszula Clark surveys the current state of the language in its worldwide spread, along with the inevitable phenomenon of the emergence of new regional varieties or ‘Englishes’.
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Tsvelykh, A. N., and E. D. Yablonovska-Grishchenko. "Rain-Call Dialects of the Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs (Fringillidae), in Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 47, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0034.
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Abstract Four types of Chaffinch rain-calls were found in Ukraine: “rülsch” - a trill signal widely spread in Europe; “hui” - a whistle signal that occurs in North-Western and Central Europe; “Crimean” whistle signal known only from Crimean peninsula and “Caucasian” signal occurring in Caucasus, Asia Minor and Balkans. Sonograms of rendition versions are given for all of the call types. Distribution of dialects of Chaffinch rain-calls in Ukraine was examined. “Rülsch”- dialect occurs at most of the plane Ukraine and Carpathians. Owing to colonizing artificial afforestations in steppe zone this dialect population’s range expanded southward to the coast of the Black and Azov seas. “Hui”-dialect is spread in the Lower Danube region. At the North-Eastern Danube delta Chaffinch’s with “hui”- and “rülsch”- rain-calls are found together and a bird was found that uttered both signals alternately but hybrid signals were not registered. It may attest to recent invasion by “rülsch”- population of Chaffinch’s there. “Crimean” dialect is distributed in mountainous Crimea and in most of the Crimean steppe zone. “Caucasian” rain-call renditions are registered in cases of individual vagrant birds in eastern Crimea and Lower Danube region
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Luczak, C., J. M. Dewarumez, and K. Essink. "First Record of the American Jack Knife Clam Ensis Directus on the French Coast of the North Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 73, no. 1 (February 1993): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032768.
Full textAbstract:
Ensis directus (Bivalvia: Solenidae) was noted for the first time along the French coast of the North Sea in June 1991. High numbers of post larvae after a period of northerly winds indicate that settled larvae originated from adult populations in Belgian or Dutch coastal waters. Future dispersal of Ensis directus could be used as a biological tracer of coastal water movements between the Southern Bight of the North Sea and the English Channel.The American jack knife clam, Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843), synonym Ensis americanus (Binney, 1870)sensu van Urk (1964,1972), was discovered in Europe in the German Bight for the first time in June 1979 (Von Cosel et al., 1982). This species is assumed to have been transported in its larval stage by a ship containing ballast water. Considering the dimensions of the specimens, this probably happened in the first half of 1978 (Von Cosel et al., 1982; Mühlenhardt-Siegel et al., 1983). Since then this species has spread rapidly in the North Sea in subtidal and intertidal areas. Dense populations were found along the German coast within a few years (Von Cosel et al., 1982; Mühlenhardt-Siegel et al., 1983; Swennen et al., 1985). In 1986 Ensis directus was reported from the north and east Danish coasts as far as the Belgian coast (Kerkhof & Dumoulin, 1987) (Figure 1). Since then no new records have been reported.
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Parrish, D. D., D. B. Millet, and A. H. Goldstein. "Increasing ozone in marine boundary layer inflow at the west coasts of North America and Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 4 (February 19, 2009): 1303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1303-2009.
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Abstract. An effective method is presented for determining the ozone (O3) mixing ratio in the onshore flow of marine air at the North American west coast. By combining the data available from all marine boundary layer (MBL) sites with simultaneous wind data, decadal temporal trends of MBL O3 in all seasons are established with high precision. The average springtime temporal trend over the past two decades is 0.46 ppbv/yr with a 95% confidence limit of 0.13 ppbv/yr, and statistically significant trends are found for all seasons except autumn, which does have a significantly smaller trend than other seasons. The average trend in mean annual ozone is 0.34±0.09 ppbv/yr. These decadal trends at the North American west coast present a striking comparison and contrast with the trends reported for the European west coast at Mace Head, Ireland. The trends in the winter, spring and summer seasons compare well at the two locations, while the Mace Head trend is significantly greater in autumn. Even though the trends are similar, the absolute O3 mixing ratios differ markedly, with the marine air arriving at Europe in all seasons containing 7±2 ppbv higher ozone than marine air arriving at North America. Further, the ozone mixing ratios at the North American west coast show no indication of stabilizing as has been reported for Mace Head. In a larger historical context the background boundary layer O3 mixing ratios over the 130 years covered by available data have increased substantially (by a factor of two to three), and this increase continues at present, at least in the MBL of the Pacific coast region of North America. The reproduction of the increasing trends in MBL O3 over the past two decades, as well as the difference in the O3 mixing ratios between the two coastal regions will present a significant challenge for global chemical transport models. Further, the ability of the models to at least semi-quantitatively reproduce the longer-term, historical trends may an even greater challenge.
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Okulewicz, A., and I. Rząd. "Chordatortilis crassicauda Mendonça et Rodriguez, 1965 (Spirurida, Acuariidae) in wren Troglodytes troglodytes (Passeriformes) in Europe: a new host and geographical record." Helminthologia 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0075.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryIThe nematode Chordatortilis crassicauda Mendonҫa et Rodriguez, 1965 (Nematoda, Acuariidae)had previously been recorded only one time, in Brazil, as a parasite of T. musculus musculus Naumann.Thus the record of this species in Poland, in Europe, on another continent and in a different species of the genus Troglodytes, is worthy of presentation. The aim of the study is to document the resence of Chordatortilis crassicauda (Nematoda, Acuariidae) in the Wren Troglodytes troglodytes. Four Chordatortilis crassicauda individuals (three female and one male) were found between the proventriculus and muscular stomach of one T. troglodytes individual (adult female) collected in the village of Wicie on the Baltic Coast (north-western Poland) on 28 April 2013. The Wren is a new hostrecord for C. crassicauda. The fact that C. crassicauda had not previously been recorded in Europe may indicate that it is a rare species, specific to birds of the genus Troglodytes, which seldom undergo necropsy.
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Kamae, Youichi, Wei Mei, Shang-Ping Xie, Moeka Naoi, and Hiroaki Ueda. "Atmospheric Rivers over the Northwestern Pacific: Climatology and Interannual Variability." Journal of Climate 30, no. 15 (August 2017): 5605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0875.1.
Full textAbstract:
Atmospheric rivers (ARs), conduits of intense water vapor transport in the midlatitudes, are critically important for water resources and heavy rainfall events over the west coast of North America, Europe, and Africa. ARs are also frequently observed over the northwestern Pacific (NWP) during boreal summer but have not been studied comprehensively. Here the climatology, seasonal variation, interannual variability, and predictability of NWP ARs (NWPARs) are examined by using a large ensemble, high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulation and a global atmospheric reanalysis. The AGCM captures general characteristics of climatology and variability compared to the reanalysis, suggesting a strong sea surface temperature (SST) effect on NWPARs. The summertime NWPAR occurrences are tightly related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the preceding winter through Indo–western Pacific Ocean capacitor (IPOC) effects. An enhanced East Asian summer monsoon and a low-level anticyclonic anomaly over the tropical western North Pacific in the post–El Niño summer reinforce low-level water vapor transport from the tropics with increased occurrence of NWPARs. The strong coupling with ENSO and IPOC indicates a high predictability of anomalous summertime NWPAR activity.