Journal articles on the topic 'Coast changes'
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Belova, Nataliya, Alexander Ermolov, Anna Novikova, Stanislav Ogorodov, and Yulia Stanilovskaya. "Dynamics of Low-Lying Sandy Coast of the Gydan Peninsula, Kara Sea, Russia, Based on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010048.
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The retreat rates of Arctic coasts have increased in recent decades at many sites, and an essential part of coasts considered accumulative before have turned erosional due to global climate changes and construction in the coastal zone. In this paper, we study a 7 km long coastal section of the western Gydan Peninsula in a new construction area. Based on the interpretation of multi-temporal satellite imagery, we assessed coastal dynamics in distinct periods from 1972 to 2020. We analyzed the geological structure of the coast as well as changes in hydrometeorological parameters with time, and considering the human impact, we proposed the main drivers of spatial and temporal variations of coastal dynamics. The studied low-lying sandy accumulative marine terrace was more or less stable in the period before construction (1972–2014). However, with the area’s development, the coast dynamics changed drastically: in 2014–2017, three-quarters of the studied area experienced retreat, and the average retreat rate amounted to 5.8 m/yr, up to 28.5 m/yr near the construction sites. We relate this coastal erosion intensification to human impact combined with the growth of hydrometeorological forcing. Although coastal erosion slowed down after 2017, the retreat trend remained. In the coming years, with Arctic climate warming, erosion of the studied coast will continue.
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Frezzotti, Massimo, and Marco Polizzi. "50 years of ice-front changes between the Adélie and Banzare Coasts, East Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817897.
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AbstractIce-front change may well be a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We studied the coastal sector of Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, along the Adélie and Banzare Coasts, extending from Buchanan Bay (67°05’ S, 144°30’ E) to Porpoise Bay (67°S, 128°E). The glaciers in this area drain the northern part of Dome C (area 270 000 km2). A comparison of maps, photographs and satellite images, dated several years apart, led to an estimation of the fluctuations of 18 ice fronts over the 50 years 1947–97 .The area of the floating glaciers in 1963 was 3035 km2, and in 1989, 2785 km2. The main glaciers in the area are Zélée, Astrolabe, du Français, Commandant Charcot and Pourquoi Pas for the Adélie Coast, and Dibble, May, Sandford and Frost Glaciers for the Clarie and Banzare Coasts. Most of the floating glaciers have shown cyclical behaviour without a marked trend, but a general reduction since 1947. The reduction in the area of floating glaciers since the 1950s may be linked to changes in ice–ocean interaction, as noted for the floating glaciers of the George V Coast and the Cape Adare area, and sea-ice extent. The calving behaviour of the main glacier tongues is characterized by an accumulation of icebergs projecting from the coast to form iceberg tongues, held in place by grounding and joined together by annual or perennial fast ice.
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Hung, Nguyen Thanh, Do Minh Duc, Dinh Thi Quynh, and Vu Dinh Cuong. "Nearshore Topographical Changes and Coastal Stability in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100755.
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Recently, the coastal zone in Vietnam has experienced more intensive sea attacks due to severe typhoons, climate change, and humsection an activities. Sea level rise has been recorded all along the coast. Moreover, sand exploitation and engineering measures have significantly changed local reliefs and led to apparent sea water level change on the coast of Nam Dinh province. Coastal erosion and sea dike failures have become a serious problem in the region. The site investigation of nearshore topography shows the recent changes to the coast. Hydrodynamic models show that changes of relief and increased wave attacks on dikes. The main reason for sea dike instability is soil erosion due to wave topping; meanwhile, the dikes are stable in terms of sliding. The coast should be reinforced with properly constructed revetments, wave topping preventive measures, and nearshore sand exploitation should be halted.
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Zonkouan, Badjo Ruth Virginia, Imane Bachri, Abaze Henri Joel Beda, and Kpangba Aristide Meniansou N'Guessan. "Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Scales of Shoreline Changes in Lahou-Kpanda (Southern Ivory Coast) Using Landsat Data Series (TM, ETM+ and OLI)." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2022.16.1.145.
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Shoreline changes are crucial for assessing human-ecosystem interactions in coastal environments. They are a valuable tool for determining the environmental costs of socioeconomic growth along coasts. In this research, we present an assessment of shoreline changes along the eastern coast of Lahou-Kpanda of the Ivory Coast during the period from 1980 to 2020 by applying Digital Shoreline Analysis System method using Landsat Data Series. The measurement of the shoreline dynamics of the Lahou-Kpanda coastline is mainly described in three parts: the west straight cordon, the dynamics at the mouth and the east straight cordon. The findings show a drastic reduction in natural shorelines. The greatest transition occurred along the mouth segment of the coast, where the average erosive velocity approaches 90 meters each year and the average distance has decreased by around 2 kilometers. The Ivory Coast lost more than 40% of its biological shorelines between 1980 and 2020, according to this report, a worrying development because these are regions that were once biologically abundant and highly rich. In general, human operations on the Ivory Coast’s shorelines have never had such an impact. The effects of these changes on habitats, as well as the vulnerability of new shoreline investments to increased human activity and sea-level rise, must be measured.
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Plourde, Kristy, Tim Deal, and Doug Lincoln. "Changes in the Use of Incident Command System in the U.S. Coast Guard1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1175.
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ABSTRACT Incident Command System (ICS) is a proven multi-contingency response management system that is flexible and provides improved interoperability with other organizations. The U.S. Coast Guard adopted the use of ICS in oil spill responses well before 2001, but the U.S. Coast Guard announced and published is implementation plan for use of ICS Coast Guard-wide in February 2001. This paper will discuss how the U.S. Coast Guard has been moving forward with a phased ICS implementation program and will discuss some of the new tools that have been established. In the Atlantic and Pacific regions, the U.S. Coast Guard has established Incident Management Assist Teams (IMATs), which are a group of trained and experienced personnel who exercise and deploy as a team. These IMATs have been developed to support local U.S. Coast Guard Incident Commanders in their response organization on large incidents. The U.S. Coast Guard has begun work on an ICS qualification system with Position Task Books (PTBs), qualification tracking, and instructor qualifications and continues to move forward with ICS training programs. The U.S. Coast Guard published the Incident Management Handbook (IMH) in April 2001. This handbook incorporated the oil spill Field Operations Guide (FOG) and included information for other types of incidents including Hazardous Materials, Terrorism, and Search and Rescue. The U.S. Coast Guard has also published job aids to help personnel in specific ICS positions. While the U.S. Coast Guard recognizes that implementation of ICS in its organization will take some time, it continues to move forward. This will only improve the way the U.S. Coast Guard responds to incidents.
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Osanyintuyi, Abiola John, Yong-Hong Wang, Yiheng Huang, Saddam Aliyu, and Nor Aieni Haji Mokhtar. "The different erosion fate of the headland-embayed beaches on the muddy and sandy coasts of China." Marine and Environment 12, no. 1 (September 28, 2023): 9503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/me.v12i1.9503.
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<p>China’s beaches exhibit different geomorphic characteristics depending on location. Due to increasing contemporary climate change, induced storm activities and human activities, beaches along the Chinese coast have been exposed to the risk of erosion. This article examines the different shoreline evolution processes from 1973 to 2021 as well as the erosion vulnerability of 9 headland-embayed beaches (of which 5 beaches, each at Baishawan, Dasha, Dongdan, Nanshajiao, and Mushao are on the muddy coast in Southern China and 4 beaches, namely, Bathing Beach 1, 2, 3 and Shilaoren Beach are on the sandy coast in Northern China) based on the inherent geomorphic characteristics and nearshore hydroclimatic factors of the beaches. In the analysis, there were 3 stages. During the first stage, erosion dominated both the muddy and sandy coasts as a result of intense storm conditions. During the second stage, the beaches had earlier recovered as a function of natural processes, however, storm activities later eroded the beaches. During the third stage, most of the beaches accreted as a result of coastal engineering interventions and beach nourishment project. The shoreline analysis results indicate that beaches on the muddy and sandy coasts have been eroding in the long term. During the first erosion stage, erosion is more severe on the muddy coast than on the sandy coast in the short term. On the sandy coast, the beaches recorded severe erosion from 1973 to 1998. Of the 9 beaches, the most eroded location was at Dasha on the muddy coast (LRR: –5.315 m/y; EPR: –5.671 m/y; NSM: –141.94 m) between 1974 and 1998. In summary, beaches on muddy coasts are more vulnerable to erosion than those on sandy coasts. On the muddy coast, there has been a shortage in the supply of sediment from the Yangtze River-derived sediment to the coast. The primary source of sand material for the studied beaches on the muddy coast has been the regular storm condition that changes the sand-mud transition line on the coast. For the sandy beaches, the primary factor responsible for the vulnerability and beach modification includes a shortage in the natural supply of beach material and storm activities, however, recent beach nourishment and coastal protection procedures are gradually stabilizing the beaches. Ultimately, the outcome of this research is suitable for beach management procedures on the Chinese coast.</p>
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El-Asmar, Hesham M. "Geoenvironmental changes along Gamasa-Baltim coast, north of the Nile Delta, Egypt." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 44, no. 1 (April 5, 2000): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/44/2000/59.
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NAG, KAMAL. "Impact of River Dams on Littoral Cells Located Adjacent to the River Mouth." Current World Environment 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.3.24.
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Terrestrial sediment is a major source of sediment to all coasts. Suspended sediment is carried away by the rivers and supplied to the coast to maintain sediment budget. The construction of dams across the rivers arrest sediment behind it and affect the sediment budget of littoral cells along the coast. Reduction in sediment supply induces ecological as well as geomorphological changes along the shoreline. Coastal erosion may accelerate due to reduced sediment influx. With the growing number of cross-river dams and water diversion projects, it has become a major concern before the scientific community to measure, understand and find solutions to multi-fold geo-environmental problems that are arising out of river damming. The present study aims to find out the impact of dams on the coast. It examines how the changes in the suspended sediment supply of an Indian river impact the coast in terms of loss of area due to erosion. Temporal analysis of geomorphological changes along the shoreline in relation to sediment influx holds immense importance to coastal management essential for the sustainable life and livelihood of coastal communities. Scientific investigation into the impact of river dams on the coastal environment is likely to provide a strong ground to reconsider the way present basin development projects function. Areal changes in littoral sediment cells adjacent to the river mouth have been quantified and correlated with changes in sediment influx. Changes along the shorelines have been detected through multispectral satellite images of Landsat belonging to different dates. Image processing and quantification of changes have been performed in QGIS 3.14 “Pi” platform. Virtual raster, raster calculator, field calculator and other required tools in QGIS were used during image processing.
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Shim, Kyu-Tae, Kyu-Han Kim, Bum-Shick Shin, and Hyun-Dong Kim. "ANALYSIS ON FAILURE CAUSES OF DOCK DUE TO ABNORMAL WIND WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.56.
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In a coastal area where the water depth changes rapidly, waves developed in the offshore propagate to the coast, with a massive energy without any dissipation. Particular attention should be paid to the occurrence of damage in an island, where the land is open towards the ocean, in the event of abnormal wind wave, and design of structures in such region requires thorough examination. The southern and northern coasts of Hongdo Island located in the western coast of South Korea face the ocean side, and are directly affected when a typhoon or a high wave occurs. Therefore, structural damage due to wave generation frequently occurred in the coasts, and repair and reinforcement work were carried out several times.
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Tylkowski, Jacek, Marcin Winowski, Marcin Hojan, Paweł Czyryca, and Mariusz Samołyk. "Influence of hydrometeorological hazards and sea coast morphodynamics on development of <i>Cephalanthero</i> <i>rubrae-Fagetum</i> (Wolin island, the southern Baltic Sea)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-363-2021.
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Abstract. Climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion observed today cause dynamic changes in coastal ecosystems. In the elaboration, cause and effect interrelations between abiotic hazards (hydrometeorological conditions and sea coast morphodynamics) and biotic (Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum phytocoenosis) components of natural environment have been defined. An up-to-date phytosociological analysis of a very valuable Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum site on cliff tableland was conducted in the context of hitherto temporal variability of climatic conditions and the rate of cliff coast recession. Also, the development prognosis of the researched site in the 21st century is provided, with respect to the expected climate changes and cliff's morphodynamics. The conducted research actions revealed the influence of global hazards (e.g. climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion) on changes in the natural environment on regional scale (with the example of the site of Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum on a cliff coast of Wolin island in Poland). It has been established that in the 21st century, a relatively larger hazard to the functioning of the researched site is climate changes (i.e. mostly changes in thermal and precipitation conditions) not the sea coast erosion.
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Owens, Edward H. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERSISTENCE OF STRANDED OIL ON LOW ENERGY COASTS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-359.
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ABSTRACT Mechanical dispersion by waves is usually considered to be the primary factor that controls the persistence of spilled oil reaching the coast. This assumption is accurate for stable coasts that are not subject to net erosion or accretion and beaches where oil would not be buried by onshore, offshore, or alongshore movement of sediments. On high energy coasts, oil can be rapidly buried or eroded, depending on the stage of beach changes. Similarly, oil stranded on coasts subject to rapid net accretion or erosion is likely to be buried or dispersed. Rapid shoreline changes can occur in areas of low wave energy, so wave energy levels cannot be used alone as an indicator of oil persistence. Sections of the North American Beaufort Sea coast are undergoing net long term changes on the order of 10 meters per year, despite the short (3 month) open water season and the small fetch areas. Beach migration or cliff retreat on these low energy coasts often has a net rate on the order of one meter per month. In these situations, the changes in shoreline location due to sediment erosion and transport reflect the integrated effect of coastal processes and the materials on which the processes act. Rates of shoreline changes can be used as an indicator to estimate the residence time of stranded oil, irrespective of the shoreline character or the wave energy levels at the shoreline. Wave energy levels alone are an inadequate basis for estimating the residence time of stranded oil.
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Mitobe, Yuta, Hitoshi Tanaka, Akihiro Suzuki, Makoto Umeda, Daisuke Komori, and Yoshiya Touge. "BEACH MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON SENDAI COAST BY TYPHOON LIONROCK." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.34.
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In 2016, a few typhoons attacked Tohoku Area of Japan, and one of them, named Typhoon Lionrock, approached and hit Tohoku Area from the Pacific Coast, which is the first observed typhoon to have such a course in the observation history of Japan. In order to know magnitude of the storm surge and high waves induced by the typhoon and their influence on the coastal area, field surveys were conducted on the day of the typhoon arrival and also the next day. The target of the survey was Sendai Coast, which is a part of the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Area. The coast was severely affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami, and its effect on the beach morphology still remains according to shoreline change analysis with aerial photographs by Hoang et al. (2016). In this paper, the shoreline changes by and after the typhoon were analyzed with the aerial photographs taken in every one or two months to understand its effect on the beach processes. And the results were combined with the shoreline data after the 2011 tsunami to see the impact of the typhoon on the beach processes under the recovery from the tsunami event.
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Dubnyak, S. S. "MAIN STAGES AND REGULARITIES OF COAST FORMATION OF LARGE PLAIN RESERVOIRS." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (61) (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2021.3.3.
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The main stages of the reservoir coast formation and their typological characteristics are considered on the base of the analysis of long-term monitoring studies of the Dnieper reservoirs coast dynamics, as well as generalization of published materials on other large plain reservoirs. It is shown that the common scheme of periodization of the shoreline development manifested itself only in the two stages: abrasion and abrasion-accumulative leveling, and therefore it is premature to claim the general stabilization of the coast formation process. The conventionality of the dynamic equilibrium stage for the coast of reservoirs and the growing role of coastal currents and associated sediment flows and dynamic coast systems are noted. The current state of the coasts of large plain reservoirs is estimated as the beginning of the stabilization phase on the coasts with sufficient sand materials. On the coasts composed of loess, clay or loams the processes of intensive transformation are continued. The analysis of the direction of development of the coastal zone showed three stages of change of shore profile and plan: intensive formation, stabilization and the final stage of attenuation according to the leading factors. Active accumulation means the transition to the stage of abrasion-accumulative leveling, and the emergence of dynamic coast systems and activation of coastal sediment flows means the transition to the dismemberment of the shoreline by accumulative forms. The main regularities of development of coast formation processes – heredity, direction, inertia and variability are analyzed. The heredity means that the geographical and geological conditions which developed before the filling of the reservoir are played the leading role in these processes. The direction of development is associated with an increase of the erosion base and its consequence – the leveling of the coastal zone relief. The orientation of the general process of coast formation to achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium includes stages of inertia and variability. Inertial states are the certain periods when a certain set of factors and conditions and corresponding to them type of coast prevails. Variability is a change in factors and conditions, as a result of which new types of shores or fluctuations in the characteristics of the coastal zone (movement of shoals and dynamic coastal systems, seasonal changes in shore profiles) are formed.
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Yoon, Hyun HO, Woo Hun Ryang, Seung Soo Chun, Alexander R. Simms, Jin Cheul Kim, Tae Soo Chang, Dong-Geun Yoo, and Seok-Hwi Hong. "Coastal switching of dominant depositional processes driven by decreasing rates of Holocene sea-level rise along the macrotidal coast of Gochang, SW Korea." Journal of Sedimentary Research 93, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.023.
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ABSTRACT Decreasing rates of eustatic sea-level rise during the Holocene accompanied the deposition of transgressive coastal deposits worldwide. However, unraveling how transgressive deposition varies in response to different rates of relative sea-level (RSL) rise is limited by the scarcity of long (10+ m) well-dated cores spanning the entire middle to late Holocene record along macrotidal coasts. To investigate the sedimentary response of this macrotidal coast to decreasing rates of RSL rise, we acquired four cores up to 32 m in length and Chirp seismic profiles along the west coast of Korea. Core sediments were analyzed in terms of sedimentary texture, structure, and facies. Nineteen optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and fourteen 14C accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) ages constrain the timing of deposition of the sandy sediments. This relatively dense distribution of ages is used to determine how deposition rates changed through time. We also use a compilation of previously published RSL indices for the southwestern Korean coast in order to better constrain RSL changes through time. Results show that the evolution of the Gochang coastline switched from a tide-dominated environment to a wave-dominated environment during the latter stage of transgression as the rate of the sea-level rise decreased. Rugged antecedent topography likely led to the development of tidal currents and the formation of a tide-dominated tidal flat during rapid RSL rise from 10 to 6 ka. As the tidal channels filled with fine-grained sediments from 6 to 1 ka, tidal amplification likely waned leading to a greater role of wave energy in shaping the formation of the sandy open-coast tidal flat. Since 1 ka, wave-dominated environments formed sand-rich tidal beaches and flats. Decreasing changes in rates of the RSL rise resulted in changes in depositional environments from a tide-dominated intertidal flat to an open-coast tidal flat and finally a wave-dominated tidal beach. This study highlights the important role that rates of RSL rise play on not only sedimentation rates in a shelf setting but also playing a role in the switch from a tide-dominated to a wave-dominated setting.
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Chao, R. Blanco, M. Valcárcel Díaz, M. Costa Casais, and A. Pérez Alberti. "Long to short time-scale factors in rocky coasts change in the NW Spain." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 5 (December 21, 2008): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i5.51.
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Processes in rocky coasts operates in a wide range of time-scales, from seconds to millennia, but sealeveloscillations probably are the most significant changes. A portion of land changes from coastal tocontinental environment as sea-level rise or fall, and, although a re-occupied coast is never the same, itcan conserve a memory of the previous morphodynamic states. This memory of the system implies thatthe processes that operated in the past exert a large influence on present processes. This is a veryimportant factor in the evolution and present dynamics of rocky coasts, in which many erosive andsedimentary landforms are fully or partially inherited.
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UDA, Takaaki, Ikuo NAGASHIMA, Takuji YOKOYAMA, Yoshihiro MATSU-URA, Kou FURUIKE, and Toshinori ISHIKAWA. "Prediction of Beach Changes of Ryuyo Coast." PROCEEDINGS OF COASTAL ENGINEERING, JSCE 55 (2008): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proce1989.55.666.
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Uda, Takaaki, and Yasuhito Noshi. "Recent Shoreline Changes Due to High-Angle Wave Instability along the East Coast of Lingayen Gulf in the Philippines." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030144.
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A small perturbation on the shoreline may develop under high-angle wave conditions, resulting in the formation of sand spits along the shoreline. Serizawa et al. explained the development of sand spits caused by the instability mechanism using the BG model (a model for predicting 3-D beach changes based on Bagnold’s concept). However, examples of the development of sand spits caused by this mechanism in the field are limited in number. Lingayen Gulf in the Philippines has a large aspect ratio, so shoreline instability occurs along the coastline, significantly affecting the shore protection along the coast. In this study, the shoreline instability along the river delta coasts around the Balili and Aringay Rivers flowing into Lingayen Gulf and a sand spit were investigated using satellite images together with field observation. The shoreline changes observed south of the Aringay River mouth were compared with those observed in a previous study on the development of a sand spit by San-nami et al. The rate of longshore sand transport to form a sand spit at Santo Tomas in Lingayen Gulf was estimated to be approximately 1.3 × 105 m3/yr, which is in good agreement with the value measured on the Shimizu coast in Suruga Bay, with a comparable aspect ratio of 1.2 relative to 1.3 in Lingayen Gulf. It was concluded that shoreline undulations have evolved downcoast of two river deltas owing to high-angle wave instability along the east coast of Lingayen Gulf and the formation of a sand spit has occurred. A soft measure, such as sand bypassing, would be better to be adopted along the coasts in Lingayen Gulf instead of hard measures against erosion, to prevent rapid expansion of an artificial, protected coastline.
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Dwivedi, Chandra Shekhar, Shiva Teja Pampattiwar, Arvind Chandra Pandey, Bikash Ranjan Parida, Debashis Mitra, and Navneet Kumar. "Characterization of the Coastal Vulnerability in Different Geological Settings: A Comparative Study on Kerala and Tamil Nadu Coasts Using FuzzyAHP." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2023): 9543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129543.
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The acceleration of coastal processes is manifested in the form of coastal erosion, average sea level rise, drastic changes in coastlines, and more turbulent ocean waters. In this study, the coasts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India, were selected to identify the effects of increasing coastal processes. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and map vulnerable areas by taking into account the key parameters, such as topographical and socio-economic factors, to relate to coastal processes. The fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to identify the most vulnerable zones. The key findings revealed that about 14% and 2% of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, respectively, are classified under the physically highly vulnerable category. Similarly, ~17% and ~30% of coastal Tamil Nadu and Kerala, respectively, are highly socially vulnerable. The overall vulnerability assessment showed that 7–8% of both coastal areas were highly vulnerable. We concluded that the Thiruvallur, Chennai, Kanchipuram, Cuddalore, and Nagapattinam coasts on the east coast and the Malappuram, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Alappuzha, and Kollam coasts on the west coast were very highly vulnerable to coastal processes. Identifying vulnerable zones helps to better understand the impacts of rapid coastal processes and, with this prior estimation, the policymakers can take necessary actions to mitigate the irreversible impacts of coastal processes.
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Williams, Kerstin M., Susan K. Short, John T. Andrews, Anne E. Jennings, William N. Mode, and James P. M. Syvitski. "The Eastern Canadian Arctic at ca. 6 ka BP: A Time of Transition." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 49, no. 1 (November 30, 2007): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033026ar.
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ABSTRACT The middle Holocene was a time of definite environmental transition in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Based on several proxy indicators (pollen, diatoms, foraminifera, molluscs and nearshore sedimentation rates), it appears that a thermal maximum occurred around middle Holocene (6-4 ka), several thousand years after the insolation maximum — a lag caused by the thermal inertia of the earlier massive ice sheet. Terrestrial records indicate that a warming began around 6 ka, both in the subarctic (Labrador - Ungava) and on Baffin Island. Marine records, on the other hand, suggested major water structure changes around 6 ka both in the Northeastern Canadian Arctic and also along the East Greenland coast with evidence of a marine surface water temperature maximum at 8 ka. We hypothesize that the marine circulation changes, both along the Baffin Island and along the East Greenland coasts, were primarily driven by glacio-isostatic uplift of the Arctic Channels. With the cessation of water flow of Atlantic (warmer) origin, and decrease in water volume from the deeper parts of the Arctic Ocean through the Arctic Channels, the export through the Fram and Denmark straits increased and the water column changed. Changes in the concentration and duration of sea ice along the eastern Canadian coast would have had important repercussions on the biota of the coastal marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Reef, Koen R. G., Pieter C. Roos, Tessa E. Andringa, Ali Dastgheib, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher. "The Impact of Storm-Induced Breaches on Barrier Coast Systems Subject to Climate Change—A Stochastic Modelling Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040271.
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Storms can have devastating impacts on barrier coasts causing coastal erosion, partial inundation, and possibly the breaching of barrier islands. The breaching of barrier islands provides a mechanism for the creation of new tidal inlets that connect the backbarrier basin (or lagoon) and the outer sea. As a new tidal inlet affects both the basin and the hydrodynamics of existing inlets, it is important to understand why an initial breach either closes or may evolve into a new tidal inlet. To this end, we performed a Monte Carlo analysis using an idealized model capable of simulating the long-term morphological evolution of multiple tidal inlets connected to a single backbarrier basin. To do so required the creation of a stochastic shell, as a new element around this existing barrier coast model. Our results demonstrate that barrier coast systems tend towards an equilibrium value for the number of inlets per kilometer of barrier coast and total inlet cross section. This even holds with the continuous stochastic forcing of storm-induced breaches. This finding implies that if a new breach opens in a coast that is already in equilibrium, existing inlets will shrink and may close if the new breach remains open. Furthermore, we find that climate-driven changes in storm frequency will modify the timescales in which barrier coasts reach their equilibrium state. Finally, we find that the distance between a new breach and its nearest neighbor is more important for its survival than the size of the breach or the degree of saturation of the barrier coast.
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Darlan, Yudi, and Udaya Kamiludin. "COASTAL DYNAMICS OF SINGKAWANG, WEST KALIMANTAN." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 27, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.27.2.2012.47.
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Morphologically, Singkawang and adjacent area consist of zones beaches, undulating hills, and steep hills. Granitic rocks and alluvium as a based rock of Singkawang coasts. Generally, Singkawang coasts was developed for coastal farms, fishery pond, and beach resorts, where most of these area have been eroded. Geological and physical oceanography condition are the aspects that build the characteristics of Singkawang coast. Human activities also play an important role in managing the equilibrium and dynamics of this coastal region. This research is to determine the dynamics and coastline changes of Singkawang coasts based on the characteristics of the coastal element and sediment. The high erosion was occurred at Semalagi–Cape Bajau. The Cape Bajau - Cape Banjar is relatively stable due to headlands of this coast is characterized by igneous rocks which resistant to the erosion. The Cape Banjar – South Coasts is very intensive erosion coast. Modern shorelines of the Singkawang coast might be as a shallow marine environment which were occurred thousands years ago (pre-Recent). The high of sedimentation process is generated by global sea level change, where was occurred at that time, and might be changed the area become part of the mainland coast of Singkawang.
Keywords: coastal dynamics, erosion, sedimentation, Singkawang, West Kalimantan
Secara morfologi, Singkawang terdiri atas daerah patai, perbukitan bergelombang, dan perbukitan curam. Batuan granit dan alluvium mengalasi kawasan pesisir Singkawang. Pesisir Singkawang sebagian besar berupa daerah pertanian, tambak ikan, dan tempat wisata yang umumnya merupakan kawasan pantai erosi. Geologi dan oseanografi fisika merupakan aspek yang membentuk karakteristik pantai Singkawang. Aktifitas manusia juga memainkan peranan penting di dalam mengelola kesetimbangan dan dinamika pesisir daerah ini. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dinamika dan perubahan garispantai Singkawang berdasarkan karakteristik dan sedimen pantai. Pantai Semalagi – Tanjung Bajau merupakan kawasan pantai erosi kuat. Tanjung Bajau – Tanjung Banjar merupakan kawasan pantai nisbi stabil ujung-ujung TanjungTanjungnya dicirikan oleh batuan beku yang tahan terhadap erosi. Tanjung Banjar – Pantai Selatan merupakan kawasan pantai erosi sangat kuat. Garispantai Singkawang pada saat ribuan tahun sebelum sekarang (pra-Recent) diperkirakan berupa kawasan lingkungan laut dangkal. Karena proses sedimentasi cukup kuat yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan muka laut global pada saat itu mengubah kawasan tersebut menjadi daratan pantai Singkawang.
Kata kunci: Dinamika pantai, erosi, sedimentasi, Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat.
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McSweeney, S. L. "Temporal and spatial variability of the open coast wave climate of Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18489.
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The open coast of Victoria, Australia, is one of the highest wave energy coastlines globally. Despite this, a lack of permanently deployed wave buoys has limited prior analysis of wave conditions. In this study, the wave climate of Victoria was analysed using 31 years of directional data hindcast from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s WaveWatch-III model (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis hindcasts). An eastward decrease in wave height and period occurs from Portland to Wilson’s Promontory. This trend then reverses on the east coast. Across the west and central coasts, wave direction is dominated by south-west swells as influenced by strong westerly winds and mid-latitude low-pressure systems. On the east coast, wave direction becomes more variable, with added southerly, south-east and easterly components. The Southern Annular Mode influences wave climate variability on the west coast and is negatively correlated with storm frequency and wave direction. On the east coast, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation showed a strong positive correlation with wave height and a negative correlation with direction. This work provides a benchmark to compare to future changes. It will inform a higher-resolution analysis of the spatial correlation of wave conditions with climate processes to predict shoreline response.
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Pitt, Nicole R., Elvira S. Poloczanska, and Alistair J. Hobday. "Climate-driven range changes in Tasmanian intertidal fauna." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 9 (2010): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09225.
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The south-eastern coast of Australia is recognised as a climate-change hotspot; warming over the past 50 years has exceeded the global average. The marine fauna in the region is responding to this warming with several subtidal species showing a pole-ward range expansion. We provide the first evidence for a similar response in intertidal invertebrates, on the basis of surveys from the eastern coast of Tasmania in 2007–2008 that replicated a set from the 1950s. Of 29 species used in the analysis, 55% were detected further south than in the 1950s. The average minimum movement of the southern (pole-ward) range edges was 116 km (range 20–250 km), representing a rate of ∼29 km per decade for a warming rate of 0.22°C per decade. Barnacles and gastropods showed the greatest range extensions, with one species absent from Tasmania in the 1950s, the giant rock barnacle, Austromegabalanus nigrescens, now recorded widely along the eastern coast of Tasmania. The distance that the southern (pole-ward) range limit moved south for each species was not related to a qualitative dispersal potential index. Local extinction of some species in north-eastern Tasmania may also occur in the coming decades.
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MAHIQUES, MICHEL M. DE, RUBENS C. L. FIGUEIRA, DANIEL P. V. ALVES, DIANA M. ITALIANI, CRISTINA C. MARTINS, and JOÃO M. A. DIAS. "Coastline changes and sedimentation related with the opening of an artificial channel: the Valo Grande Delta, SE Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130168.
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The role played by human activity in coastline changes indicates a general tendency of retreating coasts, especially deltaic environments, as a result of the recent trend of sea level rise as well as the blockage of the transfer of sediments towards the coast, especially due to the construction of dams. This is particularly important in deltaic environments which have been suffering a dramatic loss of area in the last decades. In contrast, in this paper, we report the origin and evolution of an anthropogenic delta, the Valo Grande delta, on the south-eastern Brazilian coast, whose origin is related to the opening of an artificial channel and the diversion of the main flow of the Ribeira de Iguape River. The methodology included the analysis of coastline changes, bathymetry and coring, which were used to determine the sedimentation rates and grain-size changes over time. The results allowed us to recognize the different facies of the anthropogenic delta and establish its lateral and vertical depositional trends. Despite not being very frequent, anthropogenic deltas represent a favorable environment for the record of natural and anthropogenic changes in historical times and, thus, deserve more attention from researchers of different subjects.
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Warner, Michael D., Clifford F. Mass, and Eric P. Salathé. "Changes in Winter Atmospheric Rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 Climate Models." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0080.1.
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Abstract Most extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increases by 15%–39% [from 5% to 19% (°C)−1]. The frequency of IVT days above the historical 99th percentile threshold increases as much as 290% by the end of this century.
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Valeyev, Adilet, Marat Karatayev, Ainagul Abitbayeva, Saule Uxukbayeva, Aruzhan Bektursynova, and Zhanerke Sharapkhanova. "Monitoring Coastline Dynamics of Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan Using Remote Sensing Data." Geosciences 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9090404.
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Alakol Lake is one of the largest hydrologically closed lake located in Balkash-Alakol River Basin in southeast Kazakhstan. Having a coastline approximately at 490 km, Alakol Lake has faced multiple threats due to both natural and anthropogenic factors as a result of tectonic movements, geology, wind-wave conditions, growing tourism activities, fishing, and transport, etc. The present study aims to investigate the historical trends in coastline changes along Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan and estimate its change rate by using remote sensing data in particular scale-space images Landsat-5 TM, 7 ETM+, 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2A. Based on Landsat and Sentinel data, the modified normalized difference water index was calculated to demonstrate the coastline changes along Alakol Lake between 1990 and 2018. Moreover, the monitoring and analysis of coastline dynamics is based on the main morphometric characteristics of Alakol Lake including water surface area, coastline length, geomorphology of the coast, etc. Our results reveal that there is a continuous coastline retreat, depending on the coast types. For example, in the case of the denudation coasts, a land inundation was from 120 to 270 m between 1990 and 2018. In the case of the accumulative coast (mainly northeast, north, and northwest coasts) a land inundation was from 200 to 900 m. A vast area of agricultural land around Alakol Lake become flooded and lost. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring coastline dynamics because it provides essential information for understanding the coastal response to contemporary nature and anthropogenic impacts.
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Bielecka, Elzbieta, Agnieszka Jenerowicz, Krzysztof Pokonieczny, and Sylwia Borkowska. "Land Cover Changes and Flows in the Polish Baltic Coastal Zone: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132088.
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Detecting land cover changes requires timely and accurate information, which can be assured by using remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System(GIS). This paper examines spatiotemporal trends in land cover changes in the Polish Baltic coastal zone, especially the urbanisation, loss of agricultural land, afforestation, and deforestation. The dynamics of land cover change and its impact were discussed as the major findings. The analysis revealed that land cover changes on the Polish Baltic coast have been consistent throughout the 1990–2018 period, and in the consecutive inventories of land cover, they have changed faster. As shown in the research, the area of agricultural land was subject to significant change, i.e., about 40% of the initial 8% of the land area in heterogeneous agriculture was either developed or abandoned at about equal rates. Next, the steady growth of the forest and semi-natural area also changed the land cover. The enlargement of the artificial surface was the third observed trend of land cover changes. However, the pace of land cover changes on the Baltic coast is slightly slower than in the rest of Poland and the European average. The region is very diverse both in terms of land cover, types of land transformation, and the pace of change. Hence, the Polish national authorities classified the Baltic coast as an area of strategic intervention requiring additional action to achieve territorial cohesion and the goals of sustainable development.
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Karlonienė, Dovilė, Donatas Pupienis, Darius Jarmalavičius, Aira Dubikaltinienė, and Gintautas Žilinskas. "The Impact of Coastal Geodynamic Processes on the Distribution of Trace Metal Content in Sandy Beach Sediments, South-Eastern Baltic Sea Coast (Lithuania)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031106.
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Sandy coasts are one of the most dynamic spheres; continuously changing due to natural processes (severe weather and rising water levels) and human activities (coastal protection or port construction). Coastal geodynamic processes lead to beach sediment erosion or accumulation. The coast’s dynamic tendencies determine the changes in the volume of beach sediments; grain size; mineralogical; and geochemical composition of sediments. In addition to lithological and mineralogical analysis of sediments, geochemical analysis can provide valuable information about the local and regional patterns of sediment transport, distribution, provenance, and coasts’ conditions. The study aims to assess trace metals’ temporal and spatial distribution determined in the sandy beach sediments along the south-eastern Baltic Sea coast (Lithuania) during 2011–2018. The Lithuanian seacoast is divided into two parts: mainland and spit coast. Our results revealed that the dominant group of elements on the mainland includes Ca–Mg–Mn–Ti and on the Curonian Spit Fe–Pb–As–Co–Cr–Ni–Al, which remain unchanged during the years. The analysis included additional parameters such as beach volume, grain size and sorting, and heavy mineral concentration on the beach. The spatial analysis of trace elements indicated that the trace metal content depends on the coastal processes, but it differs in the mainland and spit sea coast. We identified a higher concentration of trace metals in the erosion-dominated areas in all analysed years on the mainland coast. On the spit coast, the trace metal concentration increased in areas associated with relict coarse sand and where the loading of sediments was active on the beach due to the northward along-shore transport.
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Torres-Conde, Eduardo Gabriel, Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek, Rosa E. Rodríguez-Martínez, and Beatriz Martínez-Daranas. "Temporal Changes in the Composition of Beached Holopelagic Sargassum spp. along the Northwestern Coast of Cuba." Phycology 3, no. 4 (September 22, 2023): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology3040027.
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Since 2011, the distribution, abundance, and composition of holopelagic Sargassum spp. (sargasso) have changed by the emergence of the Great Atlantic Sargasso Belt (GASB) in the northern tropical Atlantic. We expected that the north of the Cuban coast would receive sargasso from both the original Sargasso Sea and the GASB. We systematically monitored six beaches on the NW coast of Cuba to assess changes in sargasso composition from June 2019 to June 2021. During landing months, mean Sargasso wet biomass was at 1.54 kg/m2 (SE: 0.7), which was considerably lower than the sargasso on the Atlantic coasts directly impacted by GASB. Eleven out of 13 landings occurred in the autumn-winter seasons 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, with a dominance of S. natans I (accounting for 41–63% of total biomass), followed by S. fluitans III (25–36%) and S. natans VIII (12–31%). This composition is similar to those observed on the Sargasso Sea. During this season, dominant winds (≥14 km/h) came from northern (N), eastern (E), and east-northeastern (ENE) directions. In May and August 2020 (spring-summer season), S. fluitans III dominated (52–56%), followed by S. natans VIII (33–43%) and S. natans I (5–12%). This composition is similar to those observed on GASB-impacted Atlantic coasts in the spring-summer seasons (April to September). During this season, dominant winds (≥20 km/h) came from eastern (E) and east-northeastern (ENE) directions. Thus, the NW Cuba’s morphotype composition suggests that landings have different origin sources depending on season and specific meteorological and oceanographic conditions.
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Premkumar, M., T. Kongeswaran, K. Sivakumar, A. Muruganantham, R. Muthuramalingam, S. Chandramohan, and M. Vasanthavigar. "Spit Evolution and Shoreline Changes Along Manamelkudi Coast Using Geo-Spatial Techniques and Statistical Approach." Journal of Climate Change 8, no. 2 (June 4, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcc220014.
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The historical shoreline changes from 1980 to 2020 along the Manamelkudi coast is studied using toposheet, satellite time-series Landsat data, and observed data. An attempt is made to recognise possible factors which are responsible for shoreline changes and spit growth at south Manamelkudi coast (Palk Strait), Eastern part of Pudukkottai district, Tamilnadu. During 1980–2020, the regions showed distinct spatio-temporal variability, which is discussed in relation to spit evolution and shoreline changes. The study also generated a long-term (1980-2020) shoreline change statistics (EPR, LRR, SCE and NSM, WLR) using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) at every 150 m interval for the Manamelkudi coast covering 42 km, identified the erosion and accretion and divide the shoreline into different classes of erosion and accretion. Identified lengths of shoreline with high erosion, low erosion, stable, low accretion and high accretion are, respectively, based on LRR. The results indicate that spit evolution is predominant along the Manamelkudi coast, with the highest percentage of erosion and accretion.
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Chauhan, Akshansha, Rajesh Kumar, and Ramesh Singh. "Coupling between Land–Ocean–Atmosphere and Pronounced Changes in Atmospheric/Meteorological Parameters Associated with the Hudhud Cyclone of October 2014." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122759.
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India is vulnerable to all kinds of natural hazards associated with land, ocean, biosphere, atmosphere, and snow/glaciers. These natural hazards impact large areas and the population living in the affected regions. India is surrounded by ocean on three sides and is vulnerable to cyclonic activities. Every year cyclones hit the east and west coasts of India, affecting the population living along the coasts and infrastructure and inland areas. The extent of the affected inland areas depends on the intensity of the cyclone. On 12 October 2014, a strong cyclone “Hudhud” hit the east coast of India that caused a high degree of devastation along the coast. The impact of this cyclone was seen up to the Himalayan region. Detailed analysis of satellite and ground data show a strong coupling between land-ocean-atmosphere associated with the Hudhud cyclone. The contrast between land and ocean temperature was found to be closely related with the formation of the cyclone in the ocean and its movements towards land. Pronounced changes in the ocean, land, atmospheric, and meteorological parameters with the development of the cyclone and its landfall have been observed. Changes in total column ozone (TCO), relative humidity (RH), and volume mixing ratio of CO (CO VMR), water mixing ratio (H2O MMR), surface latent heat flux (SLHF), and aerosol optical properties derived from satellite data show characteristic behavior of the Hudhud cyclone.
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Šakurova, Ilona, Vitalijus Kondrat, Eglė Baltranaitė, Erika Vasiliauskienė, and Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė. "Assessment of Coastal Morphology on the South-Eastern Baltic Sea Coast: The Case of Lithuania." Water 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010079.
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The Port of Klaipėda, located at the Klaipėda strait, divides the Lithuanian coast into two different geomorphological parts: southern—the coast of the Curonian Spit, and northern—the mainland coast. Port jetties interrupt the main sediment transport path along the South-Eastern Baltic Sea’s coast. Port of Klaipėda reconstruction in 2002 and the beach nourishment project which started in 2014 significantly influenced the northern part of the coast, which led to changes in the coastal zone evolution. The measurements in various periods are essential for cross-shore profile elevation to analyze seabed morphology and sedimentation patterns. These data highlight our understanding of the scale and timing of seabed erosion or sedimentation processes scale and timing. This study evaluates the impact of anthropogenic pressure and natural factors on coastal geomorphology and dynamics. In order to assess the latter changes, the cross-shore profile evolution and sediment budget were analyzed as well as nearshore bathymetry changes. The data illustrated a changing picture of the entire shore profile—on land and underwater.
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Seehaus, Thorsten, Alison J. Cook, Aline B. Silva, and Matthias Braun. "Changes in glacier dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985." Cryosphere 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-577-2018.
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Abstract. The climatic conditions along the northern Antarctic Peninsula have shown significant changes within the last 50 years. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of temporally and spatially detailed observations of the changes in ice dynamics along both the east and west coastlines of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Temporal evolutions of glacier area (1985–2015) and ice surface velocity (1992–2014) are derived from a broad multi-mission remote sensing database for 74 glacier basins on the northern Antarctic Peninsula ( < 65° S along the west coast and north of the Seal Nunataks on the east coast). A recession of the glaciers by 238.81 km2 is found for the period 1985–2015, of which the glaciers affected by ice shelf disintegration showed the largest retreat by 208.59 km2. Glaciers on the east coast north of the former Prince Gustav Ice Shelf extent in 1986 receded by only 21.07 km2 (1985–2015) and decelerated by about 58 % on average (1992–2014). A dramatic acceleration after ice shelf disintegration with a subsequent deceleration is observed at most former ice shelf tributaries on the east coast, combined with a significant frontal retreat. In 2014, the flow speed of the former ice shelf tributaries was 26 % higher than before 1996. Along the west coast the average flow speeds of the glaciers increased by 41 %. However, the glaciers on the western Antarctic Peninsula revealed a strong spatial variability of the changes in ice dynamics. By applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, we show that this is associated with the geometric parameters of the individual glacier basins (hypsometric indexes, maximum surface elevation of the basin, flux gate to catchment size ratio). The heterogeneous spatial pattern of ice dynamic evolutions at the northern Antarctic Peninsula shows that temporally and spatially detailed observations as well as further monitoring are necessary to fully understand glacier change in regions with such strong topographic and climatic variances.
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Warner, Michael D., and Clifford F. Mass. "Changes in the Climatology, Structure, and Seasonality of Northeast Pacific Atmospheric Rivers in CMIP5 Climate Simulations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 2131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0200.1.
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Abstract This paper describes changes in the climatology, structure, and seasonality of cool-season atmospheric rivers influencing the U.S. West Coast by examining the climate simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are forced by the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. There are only slight changes in atmospheric river (AR) frequency and seasonality between historical (1970–99) and future (2070–99) periods considering the most extreme days (99th percentile) in integrated water vapor transport (IVT) along the U.S. West Coast. Changes in the 99th percentile of precipitation are only significant over the southern portion of the coast. In contrast, using the number of future days exceeding the historical 99th percentile IVT threshold produces statistically significant increases in the frequency of extreme IVT events for all winter months. The peak in future AR days appears to occur approximately one month earlier. The 10-model mean historical and end-of-century composites of extreme IVT days reflect canonical AR conditions, with a plume of high IVT extending from the coast to the southwest. The similar structure and evolution associated with ARs in the historical and future periods suggest little change in large-scale structure of such events during the upcoming century. Increases in extreme IVT intensity are primarily associated with integrated water vapor increases accompanying a warming climate. Along the southern portion of the U.S. West Coast there is less model agreement regarding the structure and intensity of ARs than along the northern portions of the coast.
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Wang, Xiaolan L., H. Wan, and Val R. Swail. "Observed Changes in Cyclone Activity in Canada and Their Relationships to Major Circulation Regimes." Journal of Climate 19, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 896–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3664.1.
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Abstract This study assessed the climate and trend of cyclone activity in Canada using mainly the occurrence frequency of cyclone deepening events and deepening rates, which were derived from hourly mean sea level pressure data observed at 83 Canadian stations for up to 50 years (1953–2002). Trends in the frequency of cyclone activity were estimated by logistic regression analysis, and trends of seasonal extreme cyclone intensity, by linear regression analysis. The results of trend analysis show that, among the four seasons, winter cyclone activity has shown the most significant trends. It has become significantly more frequent, more durable, and stronger in the lower Canadian Arctic, but less frequent and weaker in the south, especially along the southeast and southwest coasts. Winter cyclone deepening rates have increased in the zone around 60°N but decreased in the Great Lakes area and southern Prairies–British Columbia. However, extreme winter cyclone activity seems to have experienced a weaker increase in northwest-central Canada but a stronger decline in the Great Lakes area and in southern Prairies. The results also show more frequent summer cyclone activity with slower deepening rates on the east coast, as well as less frequent cyclone activity with faster deepening rates in the Great Lakes area in autumn. Cyclone activity in Canada was found to be closely related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, cyclone activity in Canada is most closely related to the NAO. The simultaneous NAO index explains about 44% (41%) of the winter (autumn) cyclone activity variance in the east coast, 31% of winter cyclone activity variance in the 60°–70°N zone, and 17% of autumn cyclone activity variance in the Great Lakes area. Also, in several regions (e.g., the east coast, the southwest, and the 60°–70°N zone) up to 15% of the seasonal cyclone activity variance can be explained by the NAO/PDO/ENSO index one–three seasons earlier, which is useful for seasonal forecasting.
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Krylenko, V. V., R. D. Kosyan, and M. V. Krylenko. "THE COASTS OF THE CAUCASIAN NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY." Journal of Oceanological Research 49, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2021.49(1).5.
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The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus has the most valuable economic resources, primarily recreational. In addition, coastal geosystems are a key element of the region's natural biodiversity. This paper provides an overview of the current state of abrasion and accumulative shores of the Black Sea between c. Panagia and r. Tuapse. Materials of long-term monitoring observations, satellite imagery, the results of mathematical modeling, literary and archival sources are used. The most important natural processes that determine the development of the coasts are considered and the analysis of their dynamics due to climate changes and increasing anthropogenic load is performed. It is shown that the significant differences between individual sections of the north-western part of the Caucasus Black Sea coast in terms of natural features and the degree of their economic development are determined by a variety of natural and socio-economic factors. Abrasion coasts with high cliffs, where denudation processes are the main source of solid material to the coastal zone, predominate. The general deficit of beach-forming sediments is a characteristic feature, as a result of which there is no single alongshore sediment flux. Small lithodynamic systems bounded by capes are characteristic of the coast under consideration. The movement of sediments has the character of reverse migrations and the beach is formed in the concavities of the coast. The only large accumulative form is the Anapa bay-bar, in the formation of which the alluvium of the Kuban River played an important role. Predominance of erosion processes over accumulative ones is the geomorphological feature of the Caucasus Black Sea coasts, therefore the main problems of environmental management are the protection of the coast from storm waves and shortage of beaches. Creation of complexes of artificial beaches with beach-retaining structures, that simultaneously perform coastal protection and recreational functions, is the most promising solution to these problems in the 21st century. It is noted that the conditions of the considered coastal section are favorable for the use of local coastal protection.
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Pauly, Daniel, Ma Lourdes Palomares, Rainer Froese, Pascualita Sa-a, Michael Vakily, David Preikshot, and Scott Wallace. "Fishing down Canadian aquatic food webs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-193.
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The mean trophic level (TL) of fish landed in fisheries on the east and west coasts of Canada is declining by 0.030.10·decade1, similar to global trends. This finding is based on data from United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans and other Canadian sources for the period 18731997. Significant rates of decline in mean TL were obtained even when key species Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the east coast and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) on the west coast were omitted from the analysis. Fish taken in inland water fisheries did not exhibit a decline in mean TL. Two models were developed, based on length and age, respectively, for correcting TL estimates of individual species for the effects of changes in body size due to changes in fishing mortality. Both produced corrections that were small relative to changes in mean TL that resulted from changes in species composition of the catch over time. Overall, these results suggest that the mean TL of fish landed can be used as an index of sustainability in multispecies fisheries and that its reliability will depend on the quality of the data and length of the time series available for analysis.
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Popoola, Olusola Olalekan. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Shoreline Changes and Management of the Transgressive Mud Coast, Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 20 (June 30, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n20p99.
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This study investigated changes due to erosion and the consequences of rising sea levels on the Transgressive mud coast of Nigeria using multispectral Landsat images and ALOS PALSAR (AW3D30) elevation models with the view of proffering a management strategy for a sustainable coast. Endpoint Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) techniques within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) were used to assess the rates of changes along the shoreline between 1986 and 2021. Inundation models were developed in line with sea-level rise scenarios of the Green House Gas emissions (SSP5-8.5) with GIS to assess sea-level rise’s impact on land and structures. Likewise, spatially disaggregated population and economic activity datasets projected to the year 2100 were overlaid on the inundation models to generate exposure indices for the coast. The study revealed that 49.8 km (64.67%) of the shoreline experienced retreat over the entire study period. This rapid rate of shoreline retreat has caused a land loss of 15.1 sq. km to the Atlantic over the last 35 years, which could trigger an additional 1.26 sq. km by the year 2032. Furthermore, the impact of sea-level rise is severe on the transgressive coast triggering submergence of the mud coast by inundation to the extent of 201 sq. km which will increase to 551 sq. km by 2100. Losses in terms of structures, population, and economic activity are recorded. To curtail the ongoing coastal changes, the study recommends the full adoption of the shoreline management plan (SMP) for sustainable shoreline management.
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UDA, Takaaki, Jun-ichi HOSOKAWA, Hayato NAKANISHI, Kou FURUIKE, and Toshinori ISHIKAWA. "BEACH CHANGES OF YUGAWARA COAST IN KANAGAWA PREFECTURE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 68, no. 2 (2012): I_630—I_635. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.68.i_630.
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Breili, Kristian, Matthew Simpson, and Jan Nilsen. "Observed Sea-Level Changes along the Norwegian Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 5, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse5030029.
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UDA, Takaaki, Toshiro SAN-NAMI, Toshinori ISHIKAWA, Kunio HIRATA, Norikazu OHASHI, and Hitoshi IWAMOTO. "Beach Changes of Northern Shimizu Coast since 2006." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 66, no. 1 (2010): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.66.571.
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UDA, Takaaki, Takayuki KUMADA, Tatsuya SHIMIZU, Kazuo TOMIZAWA, Sakae KAWASE, and Yasushi IMAMURA. "BEACH CHANGES AROUND ARTIFICIAL HEADLANDS ON ICHINOMIYA COAST." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 67, no. 2 (2011): I_1224—I_1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.67.i_1224.
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Jinah Kim and Jinah Park. "Visualizing Marine Environmental Changes to the Saemangeum Coast." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 32, no. 6 (November 2012): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2012.122.
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Hudec, Al, and Van Penick. "British Columbia Offshore Oil and Gas Law." Alberta Law Review 41, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr496.
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This article addresses the current debate over lifting a thirty-five year moratorium on offshore resource development in British Columbia. It describes the three primary offshore basins and the history of the various moratoriums, as well as the current legal backdrop under which development could occur. The authors review unique jurisdictional, Aboriginal and environmental considerations relating to the west coast, and conclude that the east coast regulatory regime provides a useful regulatory template for the west coast, appropriately updated for technological changes in the offshore industry and changes in regulatory philosophies since the 1980s.
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Pandian, P. Kasinatha, S. Ramesh, M. V. Ramana Murthy, S. Ramachandran, and S. Thayumanavan. "Shoreline Changes and Near Shore Processes Along Ennore Coast, East Coast of South India." Journal of Coastal Research 203 (July 2004): 828–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[828:scansp]2.0.co;2.
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Denvir, M. A., P. J. Galloway, A. S. Meighan, M. Blyth, C. Alexander, C. Fleming, and F. Frame. "Changes in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Enzymes during the Scottish Coast to Coast Triathlon." Scottish Medical Journal 44, no. 2 (April 1999): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309904400207.
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Deepika, B., and K. S. Jayappa. "Seasonal beach morphological changes along the coast of Udupi district, west coast of India." Journal of Coastal Conservation 21, no. 4 (July 7, 2017): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-017-0529-1.
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Bagheri, Milad, Zelina Z. Ibrahim, Mohd Fadzil Akhir, Bahareh Oryani, Shahabaldin Rezania, Isabelle D. Wolf, Amin Beiranvand Pour, and Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat. "Impacts of Future Sea-Level Rise under Global Warming Assessed from Tide Gauge Records: A Case Study of the East Coast Economic Region of Peninsular Malaysia." Land 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121382.
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The effects of global warming are putting the world’s coasts at risk. Coastal planners need relatively accurate projections of the rate of sea-level rise and its possible consequences, such as extreme sea-level changes, flooding, and coastal erosion. The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is vulnerable to sea-level change. The purpose of this study is to present an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to analyse sea-level change based on observed data of tide gauge, rainfall, sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and wind. A Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) approach was used on observed data from 1991 to 2012 to simulate and predict the sea level change until 2020 from five tide gauge stations in Kuala Terengganu along the East Coast of Malaysia. From 1991 to 2020, predictions estimate that sea level would increase at a pace of roughly 4.60 mm/year on average, with a rate of 2.05 ± 7.16 mm on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study shows that Peninsular Malaysia’s East Coast is vulnerable to sea-level rise, particularly at Kula Terengganu, Terengganu state, with a rate of 1.38 ± 7.59 mm/year, and Tanjung Gelang, Pahang state, with a rate of 1.87 ± 7.33 mm/year. As a result, strategies and planning for long-term adaptation are needed to control potential consequences. Our research provides crucial information for decision-makers seeking to protect coastal cities from the risks of rising sea levels.
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Ohishi, H., T. Uda, Y. Murakami, and M. Watanabe. "PREDICTION OF 3-D BEACH CHANGES ON THE FUJI COAST." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.143.
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The temporal and spatial beach changes on the Fuji Coast are elucidated through this study, and the 1i t toral transport rate on the downdrift coast of Tagonoura Port is evaluated. In particular, it is concluded that a large amount of sediment eroded from the downdrift beach of Tagonoura Port is carried away toward a zone deeper than 20m. The second aim of this study is to devel op a numerical model whi ch can predict three-dimensional beach changes. For this purpose, a model in which the vertical distribution of littoral transport is taken in to account and the effect of the wave-dissipating breakwaters on the beach changes can be evaluated is developed.
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Ruol, Piero, Luca Martinelli, Chiara Favaretto, Francesco Barbariol, and Alvise Benetazzo. "Representative and Morphological Waves along the Adriatic Italian Coast in a Changing Climate." Water 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172678.
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This paper investigates the impact of climate change on coastal dynamics along the Adriatic Italian coast, with reference to the period 2021–2050 considering the IPCC RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The wave datasets are obtained by forcing a spectral wave model with ERA5 wind fields corrected with a procedure that makes them suitable for the investigated semi-enclosed basin where local meteorological events occur at scales of a few kilometers. The wave climate changes between the historic run (1981–2010) and the future scenarios are studied in terms of mean values, percentile and extreme waves in 120 virtual buoys along the coasts. Moreover, a morphological equivalent wave is computed for all the datasets to highlight the consequences of climate change on coastal sediment transport. Along the Adriatic Italian coast, a small decrease in the significant wave heights is found, both for mean and extreme values, and the sediment transport is reduced. However, significant deviations along the coast are highlighted and the longshore sediment transport even reverses its direction in some locations for the future scenarios.