Academic literature on the topic 'Coast changes'

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Journal articles on the topic "Coast changes"

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Belova, Nataliya, Alexander Ermolov, Anna Novikova, Stanislav Ogorodov, and Yulia Stanilovskaya. "Dynamics of Low-Lying Sandy Coast of the Gydan Peninsula, Kara Sea, Russia, Based on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010048.

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The retreat rates of Arctic coasts have increased in recent decades at many sites, and an essential part of coasts considered accumulative before have turned erosional due to global climate changes and construction in the coastal zone. In this paper, we study a 7 km long coastal section of the western Gydan Peninsula in a new construction area. Based on the interpretation of multi-temporal satellite imagery, we assessed coastal dynamics in distinct periods from 1972 to 2020. We analyzed the geological structure of the coast as well as changes in hydrometeorological parameters with time, and considering the human impact, we proposed the main drivers of spatial and temporal variations of coastal dynamics. The studied low-lying sandy accumulative marine terrace was more or less stable in the period before construction (1972–2014). However, with the area’s development, the coast dynamics changed drastically: in 2014–2017, three-quarters of the studied area experienced retreat, and the average retreat rate amounted to 5.8 m/yr, up to 28.5 m/yr near the construction sites. We relate this coastal erosion intensification to human impact combined with the growth of hydrometeorological forcing. Although coastal erosion slowed down after 2017, the retreat trend remained. In the coming years, with Arctic climate warming, erosion of the studied coast will continue.
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Frezzotti, Massimo, and Marco Polizzi. "50 years of ice-front changes between the Adélie and Banzare Coasts, East Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817897.

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AbstractIce-front change may well be a sensitive indicator of regional climate change. We studied the coastal sector of Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, along the Adélie and Banzare Coasts, extending from Buchanan Bay (67°05’ S, 144°30’ E) to Porpoise Bay (67°S, 128°E). The glaciers in this area drain the northern part of Dome C (area 270 000 km2). A comparison of maps, photographs and satellite images, dated several years apart, led to an estimation of the fluctuations of 18 ice fronts over the 50 years 1947–97 .The area of the floating glaciers in 1963 was 3035 km2, and in 1989, 2785 km2. The main glaciers in the area are Zélée, Astrolabe, du Français, Commandant Charcot and Pourquoi Pas for the Adélie Coast, and Dibble, May, Sandford and Frost Glaciers for the Clarie and Banzare Coasts. Most of the floating glaciers have shown cyclical behaviour without a marked trend, but a general reduction since 1947. The reduction in the area of floating glaciers since the 1950s may be linked to changes in ice–ocean interaction, as noted for the floating glaciers of the George V Coast and the Cape Adare area, and sea-ice extent. The calving behaviour of the main glacier tongues is characterized by an accumulation of icebergs projecting from the coast to form iceberg tongues, held in place by grounding and joined together by annual or perennial fast ice.
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Hung, Nguyen Thanh, Do Minh Duc, Dinh Thi Quynh, and Vu Dinh Cuong. "Nearshore Topographical Changes and Coastal Stability in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100755.

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Recently, the coastal zone in Vietnam has experienced more intensive sea attacks due to severe typhoons, climate change, and humsection an activities. Sea level rise has been recorded all along the coast. Moreover, sand exploitation and engineering measures have significantly changed local reliefs and led to apparent sea water level change on the coast of Nam Dinh province. Coastal erosion and sea dike failures have become a serious problem in the region. The site investigation of nearshore topography shows the recent changes to the coast. Hydrodynamic models show that changes of relief and increased wave attacks on dikes. The main reason for sea dike instability is soil erosion due to wave topping; meanwhile, the dikes are stable in terms of sliding. The coast should be reinforced with properly constructed revetments, wave topping preventive measures, and nearshore sand exploitation should be halted.
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Zonkouan, Badjo Ruth Virginia, Imane Bachri, Abaze Henri Joel Beda, and Kpangba Aristide Meniansou N'Guessan. "Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Scales of Shoreline Changes in Lahou-Kpanda (Southern Ivory Coast) Using Landsat Data Series (TM, ETM+ and OLI)." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2022.16.1.145.

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Shoreline changes are crucial for assessing human-ecosystem interactions in coastal environments. They are a valuable tool for determining the environmental costs of socioeconomic growth along coasts. In this research, we present an assessment of shoreline changes along the eastern coast of Lahou-Kpanda of the Ivory Coast during the period from 1980 to 2020 by applying Digital Shoreline Analysis System method using Landsat Data Series. The measurement of the shoreline dynamics of the Lahou-Kpanda coastline is mainly described in three parts: the west straight cordon, the dynamics at the mouth and the east straight cordon. The findings show a drastic reduction in natural shorelines. The greatest transition occurred along the mouth segment of the coast, where the average erosive velocity approaches 90 meters each year and the average distance has decreased by around 2 kilometers. The Ivory Coast lost more than 40% of its biological shorelines between 1980 and 2020, according to this report, a worrying development because these are regions that were once biologically abundant and highly rich. In general, human operations on the Ivory Coast’s shorelines have never had such an impact. The effects of these changes on habitats, as well as the vulnerability of new shoreline investments to increased human activity and sea-level rise, must be measured.
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Plourde, Kristy, Tim Deal, and Doug Lincoln. "Changes in the Use of Incident Command System in the U.S. Coast Guard1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1175.

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ABSTRACT Incident Command System (ICS) is a proven multi-contingency response management system that is flexible and provides improved interoperability with other organizations. The U.S. Coast Guard adopted the use of ICS in oil spill responses well before 2001, but the U.S. Coast Guard announced and published is implementation plan for use of ICS Coast Guard-wide in February 2001. This paper will discuss how the U.S. Coast Guard has been moving forward with a phased ICS implementation program and will discuss some of the new tools that have been established. In the Atlantic and Pacific regions, the U.S. Coast Guard has established Incident Management Assist Teams (IMATs), which are a group of trained and experienced personnel who exercise and deploy as a team. These IMATs have been developed to support local U.S. Coast Guard Incident Commanders in their response organization on large incidents. The U.S. Coast Guard has begun work on an ICS qualification system with Position Task Books (PTBs), qualification tracking, and instructor qualifications and continues to move forward with ICS training programs. The U.S. Coast Guard published the Incident Management Handbook (IMH) in April 2001. This handbook incorporated the oil spill Field Operations Guide (FOG) and included information for other types of incidents including Hazardous Materials, Terrorism, and Search and Rescue. The U.S. Coast Guard has also published job aids to help personnel in specific ICS positions. While the U.S. Coast Guard recognizes that implementation of ICS in its organization will take some time, it continues to move forward. This will only improve the way the U.S. Coast Guard responds to incidents.
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Osanyintuyi, Abiola John, Yong-Hong Wang, Yiheng Huang, Saddam Aliyu, and Nor Aieni Haji Mokhtar. "The different erosion fate of the headland-embayed beaches on the muddy and sandy coasts of China." Marine and Environment 12, no. 1 (September 28, 2023): 9503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/me.v12i1.9503.

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<p>China’s beaches exhibit different geomorphic characteristics depending on location. Due to increasing contemporary climate change, induced storm activities and human activities, beaches along the Chinese coast have been exposed to the risk of erosion. This article examines the different shoreline evolution processes from 1973 to 2021 as well as the erosion vulnerability of 9 headland-embayed beaches (of which 5 beaches, each at Baishawan, Dasha, Dongdan, Nanshajiao, and Mushao are on the muddy coast in Southern China and 4 beaches, namely, Bathing Beach 1, 2, 3 and Shilaoren Beach are on the sandy coast in Northern China) based on the inherent geomorphic characteristics and nearshore hydroclimatic factors of the beaches. In the analysis, there were 3 stages. During the first stage, erosion dominated both the muddy and sandy coasts as a result of intense storm conditions. During the second stage, the beaches had earlier recovered as a function of natural processes, however, storm activities later eroded the beaches. During the third stage, most of the beaches accreted as a result of coastal engineering interventions and beach nourishment project. The shoreline analysis results indicate that beaches on the muddy and sandy coasts have been eroding in the long term. During the first erosion stage, erosion is more severe on the muddy coast than on the sandy coast in the short term. On the sandy coast, the beaches recorded severe erosion from 1973 to 1998. Of the 9 beaches, the most eroded location was at Dasha on the muddy coast (LRR: –5.315 m/y; EPR: –5.671 m/y; NSM: –141.94 m) between 1974 and 1998. In summary, beaches on muddy coasts are more vulnerable to erosion than those on sandy coasts. On the muddy coast, there has been a shortage in the supply of sediment from the Yangtze River-derived sediment to the coast. The primary source of sand material for the studied beaches on the muddy coast has been the regular storm condition that changes the sand-mud transition line on the coast. For the sandy beaches, the primary factor responsible for the vulnerability and beach modification includes a shortage in the natural supply of beach material and storm activities, however, recent beach nourishment and coastal protection procedures are gradually stabilizing the beaches. Ultimately, the outcome of this research is suitable for beach management procedures on the Chinese coast.</p>
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El-Asmar, Hesham M. "Geoenvironmental changes along Gamasa-Baltim coast, north of the Nile Delta, Egypt." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 44, no. 1 (April 5, 2000): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/44/2000/59.

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NAG, KAMAL. "Impact of River Dams on Littoral Cells Located Adjacent to the River Mouth." Current World Environment 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.3.24.

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Terrestrial sediment is a major source of sediment to all coasts. Suspended sediment is carried away by the rivers and supplied to the coast to maintain sediment budget. The construction of dams across the rivers arrest sediment behind it and affect the sediment budget of littoral cells along the coast. Reduction in sediment supply induces ecological as well as geomorphological changes along the shoreline. Coastal erosion may accelerate due to reduced sediment influx. With the growing number of cross-river dams and water diversion projects, it has become a major concern before the scientific community to measure, understand and find solutions to multi-fold geo-environmental problems that are arising out of river damming. The present study aims to find out the impact of dams on the coast. It examines how the changes in the suspended sediment supply of an Indian river impact the coast in terms of loss of area due to erosion. Temporal analysis of geomorphological changes along the shoreline in relation to sediment influx holds immense importance to coastal management essential for the sustainable life and livelihood of coastal communities. Scientific investigation into the impact of river dams on the coastal environment is likely to provide a strong ground to reconsider the way present basin development projects function. Areal changes in littoral sediment cells adjacent to the river mouth have been quantified and correlated with changes in sediment influx. Changes along the shorelines have been detected through multispectral satellite images of Landsat belonging to different dates. Image processing and quantification of changes have been performed in QGIS 3.14 “Pi” platform. Virtual raster, raster calculator, field calculator and other required tools in QGIS were used during image processing.
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Shim, Kyu-Tae, Kyu-Han Kim, Bum-Shick Shin, and Hyun-Dong Kim. "ANALYSIS ON FAILURE CAUSES OF DOCK DUE TO ABNORMAL WIND WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.56.

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In a coastal area where the water depth changes rapidly, waves developed in the offshore propagate to the coast, with a massive energy without any dissipation. Particular attention should be paid to the occurrence of damage in an island, where the land is open towards the ocean, in the event of abnormal wind wave, and design of structures in such region requires thorough examination. The southern and northern coasts of Hongdo Island located in the western coast of South Korea face the ocean side, and are directly affected when a typhoon or a high wave occurs. Therefore, structural damage due to wave generation frequently occurred in the coasts, and repair and reinforcement work were carried out several times.
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Tylkowski, Jacek, Marcin Winowski, Marcin Hojan, Paweł Czyryca, and Mariusz Samołyk. "Influence of hydrometeorological hazards and sea coast morphodynamics on development of <i>Cephalanthero</i> <i>rubrae-Fagetum</i> (Wolin island, the southern Baltic Sea)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-363-2021.

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Abstract. Climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion observed today cause dynamic changes in coastal ecosystems. In the elaboration, cause and effect interrelations between abiotic hazards (hydrometeorological conditions and sea coast morphodynamics) and biotic (Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum phytocoenosis) components of natural environment have been defined. An up-to-date phytosociological analysis of a very valuable Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum site on cliff tableland was conducted in the context of hitherto temporal variability of climatic conditions and the rate of cliff coast recession. Also, the development prognosis of the researched site in the 21st century is provided, with respect to the expected climate changes and cliff's morphodynamics. The conducted research actions revealed the influence of global hazards (e.g. climate changes, sea transgression and sea coast erosion) on changes in the natural environment on regional scale (with the example of the site of Cephalanthero rubrae-Fagetum on a cliff coast of Wolin island in Poland). It has been established that in the 21st century, a relatively larger hazard to the functioning of the researched site is climate changes (i.e. mostly changes in thermal and precipitation conditions) not the sea coast erosion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coast changes"

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Paone, Laura Clare. "Hazard sensitivity in Newfoundland coastal communities : impacts and adaptations to climate change, a case study of Conception Bay South and Holyrood, Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,170975.

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Keblinsky, Corinn C. "The Characteristics that Control the Stability of Eroding Coastal Bluffs in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KeblinskyCC2003.pdf.

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Zoulas, James Gary. "Beach changes in the San Pedro Littoral Cell, Southern California, 1930-2007." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666392701&sid=28&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ishikawa, Rei. "Historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1507.

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This thesis utilises a range of methodologies to investigate the historical shoreline change and beach morphodynamics at Rapahoe Bay, West Coast, New Zealand. Rapahoe Bay is a small embayment located 15 km north of Greymouth, and contains a complex and dynamic environment under a dominant swell condition. The objectives of this thesis include the investigation the coastline history through aerial photographs and relevant literature, identify and quantify historical shoreline change and the processes that have induced change, examine the short term and seasonal changes in beach profile, identify and quantify wave and transport process and to test the applicability of the zeta shoreline curve on a composite beach. This combined approach investigates the dynamics and process drivers involved in coastline change. This thesis contributes to the research gap of understanding morphodynamic behaviour and controls of composite beach under a dominant swell. Composite beaches types are a variation from mixed sand and gravel beaches with distinct morphological differences. This thesis provides an insight in to the morphodynamic behaviour of composite beaches. The study area contains a small village based by the shoreline and the potential coastal hazard that threatens people, property and infrastructure. Therefore the results from this thesis have an important management implication towards mitigating coastal hazards. The historical coastline change was induced through a combination of wave processes and transport, composite beach morphodynamic behaviour, anthropogenic influence and planform shape. Results show that human infrastructure restricted the retreat of a small hapua landward of the gravel barrier. A combination of change in sediment supply, consistent sediment transport and a high wave energy environment resulted in rapid landward retreat through gravel rollover and coastal erosion. The gravel barrier morphodynamics include increase in crest elevation, steeper shore gradients as a response to high swells resulting in erosion or rollover. The wave environment includes a sediment transport hinge point due to a dominant wave refraction and changes in the shoreline orientation, which further induces coastal erosion. The valid applicability of the zeta planform shape concludes that the shoreline may further iii retreat due to geological controls, potential sediment transport and the transgressive nature of the composite beaches. The combination of methods and results provide both quantified historical change and also potential future scenarios of coastline reshaping. These methods and results are applicable not only to Rapahoe but along other West Coast composite beaches, and the validity of the combination of methods provides a greater understanding of the behaviour of morphodynamic composite beaches and provides quantified results of historical shoreline change and sediment transport at the field site.
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Hasbrouck, Emerson G. "The influence of tidal inlet migration and closure on barrier planform changes : Federal Beach, NC /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/r1/hasbroucke/emersonhasbrouck.pdf.

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Cullen, Andrew Blinn. "The North New Guinea Basin, Papua New Guinea : a case study of basin evolution at a modern accretionary plate boundary /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1990.

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Conforto, Sesto Juan R. "Erosion in Southern Monterey Bay." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FConfortoSesto.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Edward B. Thornton, James MacMahan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37). Also available online.
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Massey, Anthony Carl. "Holocene sea-level changes along the Channel coast of south-west England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/476.

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A Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) history for the south Devon coast is reconstructed through an analysis of twelve cores extracted from the coastal back-barrier environments of Bantham Sands, North Sands, Slapton Sands and Blackpool Sands. Foraminifera preserved in the sediments are assigned an indicative meaning based on the vertical distribution of their modem counterparts from contemporary salt marsh and mudflat environments in the Erme and Salcombe-Kingsbridge estuaries. The contemporary data provide the first inter-tidal (-2.6 to +2.6 m MTL) foraminifera-based transfer function for south-west England from which sea-level changes can be predicted with good precision (RMSEP = ±0.29 m). Sea-level index points (SLIPs) from basal facies provide the longterm (103 yr) RSL history. SLIPs derived from non-basal minerogenic and peat sequences are subject to post-depositional consolidation and a vertical correction, using the Paul and Baffas (1998) method, was therefore applied to these index points. The vertical displacement of fine minerogenic sediments ranges from <0.1 m above basal facies to >1 m at minerogenic-peat contacts, increasing to >2 m in organic peat facies. The age of each SLIP is obtained by AMS 14C dating of bulk sediment or plant material. The electrical resistivity method of geophysical survey provides additional subsurface mapping information of the back-barrier sediments, and the lithostratigraphic results support the view that a complex barrier-lagoon system existed along the south Devon coastline during the early Holocene. Almost 13 m of RSL rise occurred along the south Devon coastline ca. 9000 to 4400 cal years BP. The rate of early Holocene RSL rise is -5.4 ± 2.1 m/ka and -1.1 ± 0.2 m/ka during the mid- to late Holocene. The pattern and rate of RSL rise is similar to other sea-level curves produced for the region. Lambeck's (1993a, b, 1995) geophysical model predictions fit the data well during the early Holocene but Peltier's (1998) model is the best overall fit of the robust data used to reconstruct the early to mid- Holocene RSL history. Rates of middle to late Holocene sea-level rise are generally faster than the models predict. The area is still undergoing glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) equating to a coastal land subsidence of -1.16 m/ka since ca. 4400 cal years BP. The dataset increases the current Holocene SLIP database for the south-west peninsula and southern Britain by 23% and for south Devon by almost fivefold.
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Cavalcante, Eider de Olivindo. "Selective modernization of the coast: conflicts, changes and permanebcies in cumbuco county." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8622.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
A presente pesquisa procura tornar inteligÃvel a modernizaÃÃo estratÃgica e seletiva do estado do Cearà a partir do que se denominou vetores de modernizaÃÃo, focalizando principalmente a modernizaÃÃo do litoral que se realiza, principalmente, por meio do turismo e da urbanizaÃÃo. Atà os finais da dÃcada de 1970, que marcaram o surgimento dos primeiros conflitos com especuladores imobiliÃrios e grileiros, o litoral do Cearà representava um sinÃnimo de liberdade para remanescentes indÃgenas e outros agrupamentos humanos que historicamente habitaram o litoral ou que decidiram migrar, fugindo de conflitos agrÃrios e de outros processos que funcionalizavam fortemente outras particularidades do estado. Entretanto, no contexto da busca de novos territÃrios e setores para a acumulaÃÃo capitalista, como tambÃm da subordinaÃÃo do tempo livre e das demais relaÃÃes sociais que escapavam à lÃgica da (re)produÃÃo das relaÃÃes sociais de produÃÃo capitalistas, o litoral passou a ser fortemente funcionalizado como territÃrio turÃstico. Tal fato motivou uma situaÃÃo atual em que as possibilidades de apropriaÃÃo encontram-se cada vez mais sufocadas pelo conflito com a dominaÃÃo do aparato estatal-empresarial. Nesse contexto, destacou-se a localidade do Cumbuco â histÃrica comunidade pesqueira marÃtima localizada no municÃpio de Caucaia â enquanto recorte espacial, procurando compreender os conflitos, as mudanÃas e as permanÃncias da localidade diante da referida modernizaÃÃo. O foco central do trabalho à a mudanÃa do modo de vida no/do Cumbuco, modo que atà dÃcadas passadas era caracterizado pelo tempo lento, pelas atividades ligadas a pesca artesanal, confecÃÃo de bordados, labirintos e crochÃs, cultivo de vazante, religiosidade, e por todo um leque de prÃticas e representaÃÃes de mundo. No desenrolar histÃrico, entretanto, esse modus vivendi foi subordinado à lÃgica da mercadoria e estilhaÃado em vÃrios percursos e atraÃÃes para turistas, veranistas e investidores. Com a forte aÃÃo dos especuladores imobiliÃrios e o elevado preÃo da terra, observou-se, tambÃm, a re-territorializaÃÃo de parte dos cumbuqueiros no Parazinho â uma ocupaÃÃo precÃria sobre o campo de dunas, oriunda da saÃda de pescadores e/ou filhos de pescadores de suas antigas residÃncias. Nesse sentido, entendendo que a discussÃo està longe de ser esgotada e que a processualidade histÃrica nunca finda, procura-se contribuir com alguns subsÃdios para o entendimento da modernizaÃÃo do litoral cearense, sobretudo do Cumbuco.
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Aramuge, Adérito Celso Félix. "Storm surge changes along the coast of Mozambique for future climate scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23620.

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Doutoramento em Física
Moçambique é afetado por ciclones tropicais que se formam na bacia do Oceano Índico. Cerca de dois terços da população total de Moçambique vive ao longo da costa que se estende por 2700 km e que cuja região, com altitude inferior a 50 m, ocupa várias dezenas de quilómetros em direção ao interior. O aumento do nível médio do mar e um aumento provável da intensidade e/ou frequência de ciclones tropicais, associados a alterações climáticas de origem antropogénica, podem aumentar o risco de cheias ao longo da costa.Neste estudo, estamos principalmente preocupados com a estimativa de alterações das propriedades da sobrelevação do nível do mar ao longo da costa de Moçambique, sob o cenário de mudança do clima RCP8.5. Para atingir tal objetivo, aplicamos um modelo analítico a dados observados de ventos e pressão atmosférica, para estimar a maré meteorológica e a sobrelevação do nível do mar na região. O modelo analítico é validado por comparação dos seus resultados com dados semelhantes obtidos por marégrafos em alguns locais na costa. De seguida, é usado um conjunto de simulações climáticas realizadas pelo modelo climático MPI-ESM-LR. Dados de pressão atmosférica e ventos simulados foram usados no modelo analítico e séries temporais da maré atmosférica foram produzidas para sete locais ao longo da costa. As propriedades estatísticas destas séries e as sobrelevações do nível do mar associadas foram comparadas com aqueles obtidos usando o mesmo modelo analítico e dados meteorológicos observados. Isto foi feito para o período histórico de 1986-2005. Após uma validação com sucesso de ambos os modelos, o analítico e o climático, o modelo analítico foi utilizado com dados meteorológicos simulados pelo MPI-ESM-LR para o cenário RCP8.5, para três períodos distintos nomeadamente, futuros próximo (2016-2035), médio (2046-2065) e distante (2081-2100). As propriedades da sobrelevação do nível do mar para estes períodos foram comparadas com aqueles relativos ao período histórico. Os resultados sugerem um aumento da intensidade da sobrelevação do nível do mar ao longo de toda costa de Moçambique sobretudo devido aos aumento da intensidade dos ciclones tropicais. Com a subida do nível medio do mar, espera-se que aumente a altura do qual o STS inicia a sua propagação. O nivel do mar calculado (STS+TC+SLR) para o período historico, futuro proximo, medio e longo são iguais a 0.93 m, 1.19 m, 1.42 m e 1.74 m respectivamente. Esta metodologia é útil porque se recorre a um modelo analítico simples e dados meteorológicos na ausência frequente de dados de nível do mar registados por marégrafos. Permite também a estimativa de alterações futuras de sobrelevação do nível do mar com recurso a variáveis meteorológicas simuladas por modelos climáticos, facilmente disponíveis, em vez de recorrer a modelos físicos ao cálculo da sobrelevação do nível do mar.
Mozambique is affected by tropical cyclones which are formed in the Indian Ocean basin. About two-thirds of total population of Mozambique lives along the coast which has 2700 km long and low lying areas (below 50 m height) extend several tens of kilometers inland. Sea level rise and the eventual increase of the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones expected to occur in the future, associated with anthropogenic climate change may increase the risk of coastal flooding. Here, we are mainly concerned with the estimation of changes of storm surge properties along the coast of Mozambique under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario. To achieve this we applied an analytical model which uses observed winds and atmospheric pressure near the surface data to estimate the meteorological tide and storm surges in the region. This model is validated against atmospheric tides obtained from sea level measured by tide gauge observations at some locations along the coast. Next, we used a set of climate simulations performed by the MPI-ESM-LR earth systems model. Simulated winds and atmospheric pressure data were used with the analytical model and atmospheric tide time series were constructed for seven locations along the coast. The statistical properties of these series and the associated storm surges were compared with those obtained by using the same analytical model and meteorological observed data. This was done for the 1986-2005 historical period. After a successful validation of both the analytical and the climate model, the analytical model was used with meteorological data simulated by the MPI-ESM-LR for the RCP8.5 scenario for three distinct periods, namely, near-term (2016-2035), medium-term (2046-2065) and long-term (2081-2100). The storm surge properties for these periods were compared to those from the historical period. The results suggest an enhancement of storm surge intensity along the whole coast of Mozambique mainly due to an increase of tropical cyclone intensity. The SLR will add the point by which the STS starts its propagation. The calculated SL (STS+ TC+SLR) for the historical, near tem, medium and long term are equal to 0.93 m, 1.19 m, 1.42 me 1.74 m respectively. This methodology is very useful since it uses a simple analytical model and meteorological data in the absence of tide gauge records. It can also be used to estimate future storm surge climate changes using meteorological variables easily available rather than using storm surge physical models.
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Books on the topic "Coast changes"

1

Hanna, Bremer, and Clayton Keith M, eds. Coasts: Erosion and sedimentation. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1989.

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Giese, G. S. Coastal landforms and processes at the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: A primer. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey circular, 2015.

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Frédéric, Briand, Maldonado Andrés, and Musée océanographique de Monaco, eds. Transformations and evolution of the Mediterranean coastline =: Transformations et évolution du trait de côte en Méditerranée. Monaco: Musée océanographique, 1997.

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J, Brangulis A., and Ulsts V, eds. Baltijas jūras Latvijas krasta zona: Latvian coastal zone of the Baltic Sea / editor A. Brangulis ; compiled by V. Ulsts. Rīga: Valsts g̓eolog̓ijas dienests, 1998.

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Dieter, Kelletat, Institut für Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Hochschulen der Entwicklungsländer (Tübingen, Germany), International Geographical Union. National Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany, and International Geographical Union. Regional Conference, eds. German geographical coastal research: The last decade. Tübingen: Institute for Scientific Co-operation, 1998.

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Pilkey, Orrin H. The world's beaches: From sandgrains to seashells. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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Maniku, Hassan Ahmed. Changes in the topography of the Maldives. Male: Forum of Writers on Environment (Maldives), 1990.

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Jan, Harff, Hay William W. 1943-, Tetzlaff Daniel M. 1954-, and Geological Society of America, eds. Coastline changes: Interrelation of climate and geological processes. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2007.

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Luque, Amalia Yanes. Morfologia litoral de las Islas Canarias occidentales. [Santa Cruz de Tenerife]: Universidad de La Laguna, Secretariado de Publicaciones, 1990.

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Shuĭskiĭ, I͡U D. Problemy issledovanii͡a balansa nanosov v beregovoĭ zone moreĭ. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coast changes"

1

Schirmer, Michael, and Gerhard Weidemann. "Climate Changes Along the German Coast." In Ecological Studies, 9–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12539-3_2.

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Paul, Ashis Kumar, Phalguni Bhattacharyya, Anurupa Paul, and Joydeb Sardar. "Temporal and Spatial Changes in the Hugli Estuarine Environment: A Review of Nayachara Island." In Crisis on the Coast and Hinterland, 215–27. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42231-7_16.

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Costelloe, John, Brendan F. Keegan, and Gerd F. Könnecker. "Rocky subtidal assemblages on the west coast of Ireland." In Long-Term Changes in Coastal Benthic Communities, 97–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4049-9_9.

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Subrahmanya, K. R. "Tectonic, Eustatic and Isostatic Changes along the Indian Coast." In Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, 193–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8719-8_10.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Umakanta Pradhan, Rabindro Nath Samal, Deepak Behera, and Susanta Nanda. "Shoreline Changes Along Bhitarkanika Sanctuary, North Odisha Coast, India." In Advances in Geographic Information Science, 77–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53763-9_5.

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Guerra, Miriam Tuaty, and Maria Jose Gaudencio. "Aspects of the ecology of Patella spp. on the Portuguese coast." In Long-Term Changes in Coastal Benthic Communities, 57–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4049-9_6.

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Frihy, Omran E. "Beach Response to Sea Level Rise Along the Nile Delta Coast of Egypt." In Sea Level Changes: Determination and Effects, 81–85. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm069p0081.

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Sasaki, Mikio, and Takahiro Takeuchi. "Shoreline Changes Around Artificial Headlands Along the Misawa Coast, Japan." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 1277–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_223.

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Natarajan, Kavitha, P. K. Suresh, and R. Sundaravadivelu. "Shoreline Changes and Sediment Distribution Studies for India’s West Coast." In Geospatial and Soft Computing Techniques, 141–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1901-7_13.

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Buchanan, John B., and J. Jonathan Moore. "Long-term studies at a benthic station off the coast of Northumberland." In Long-Term Changes in Coastal Benthic Communities, 121–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4049-9_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coast changes"

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Riley, Rodney. "NDBC Wave Observation Changes." In OCEANS 2023 - MTS/IEEE U.S. Gulf Coast. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans52994.2023.10337180.

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SASAKI, MIKIO, TAKAHIRO TAKEUCHI, and YUTAKA FUJITA. "SHORELINE CHANGES IN MISAWA COAST, JAPAN." In Proceedings of the 13th IAHRߝ;APD Congress. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776969_0155.

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Mohanty, Pratap K., Uma S. Panda, Pravakar Mishra, Hideshige Takada, and Takashige Sugimoto. "TROPICAL CYCLONES ASSOCIATED CHANGES ALONG ORISSA COAST, EAST COAST OF INDIA." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812703040_0048.

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Johnson, Keith. "Changes in Diagnostic Equipment as a Result of Technological Advances in Automotive Systems." In West Coast International Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861107.

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Горячкин, Ю., and Yu Goryachkin. "VARIABILITY OF SEA LEVEL AND DYNAMICS THE ACCUMULATIVE COASTS OF WESTERN CRIMEA." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce394b37220.57460895.

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Influence of the sea level changes on the dynamics of accumulative coasts (in the region of the western Crimea) is considered. The data of observations shows that the greatest change of the beaches under the influence of the level changes by 1 cm can be 1, 3 m. However, the period for which it is determined (1989–2001) was characterized, firstly, by amplification of storm activity, and secondly, by substantial growth of deficiency in deposits. It has been caused by the new deep-water mooring in Eupatoria trading port, which has changed the local migration of deposits. The regular deepening of the waterway has resulted in change of their balance, adaptation of the coast to the changed conditions and, consequently, to acceleration of the coastal line abrasion. The weakest change of beaches under the influence of changes of the level by 1 cm, which is determined for the period 2006–2010, is 0,2–0,3 m. This period was characterized by relatively little changeability of storm activity and relative stabilization of anthropogenic influence, thus such figure seems to be more trustworthy.
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Sedigh, M., R. Tomlinson, A. Golshani, and Nick Cartwright. "Analysis of Morphological Changes in the Gold Coast Seaway." In Conference on Coastal Engineering Practice 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41190(422)41.

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Boer, Arjan de. "Beach Volume Changes on a Meso-Tidal Sandy Coast." In 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40549(276)239.

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Zhang, Hao, Xuezhi Feng, Yun Li, Chunhong Wang, Lei Chen, Ping Zuo, and Shuhe Zhao. "Change analysis of Spartina using multitemporal remote sensing data in Jiangsu coast." In Second International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes, edited by Xianfeng Zhang, Jonathan Li, Guoxiang Liu, and Xiaojun Yang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.836340.

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Zheng, Guixiang, Ling Peng, Gang Tao, and Chunhong Wang. "Remote sensing analysis of Bohai Bay West Coast shoreline changes." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Spatial Data Mining and Geographical Knowledge Services (ICSDM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsdm.2011.5969106.

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Ohishi, H., T. Uda, Y. Murakami, and M. Watanabe. "Prediction of 3-D Beach Changes on the Fuji Coast." In 21st International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872626874.144.

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Reports on the topic "Coast changes"

1

Ding, Yan, Sung-Chan Kim, Rusty L. Permenter, Richard B. Styles, and Jeffery A. Gebert. Simulations of Shoreline Changes along the Delaware Coast. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39559.

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This technical report presents two applications of the GenCade model to simulate long-term shoreline evolution along the Delaware Coast driven by waves, inlet sediment transport, and longshore sediment transport. The simulations also include coastal protection practices such as periodic beach fills, post-storm nourishment, and sand bypassing. Two site-specific GenCade models were developed: one is for the coasts adjacent to the Indian River Inlet (IRI) and another is for Fenwick Island. In the first model, the sediment exchanges among the shoals and bars of the inlet were simulated by the Inlet Reservoir Model (IRM) in the GenCade. An inlet sediment transfer factor (γ) was derived from the IRM to quantify the capability of inlet sediment bypassing, measured by a rate of longshore sediments transferred across an inlet from the updrift side to the downdrift side. The second model for the Fenwick Island coast was validated by simulating an 11-y ear-long shoreline evolution driven by longshore sediment transport and periodic beach fills. Validation of the two models was achieved through evaluating statistical errors of simulations. The effects of the sand bypassing operation across the IRI and the beach fills in Fenwick Island were examined by comparing simulation results with and without those protection practices. Results of the study will benefit planning and management of coastal sediments at the sites.
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Bracewell, Jeff. Shoreline change at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas: 2017–2021 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289824.

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In the spring of 2017, 2019, and 2021 the Gulf Coast Network collected shoreline position data at Padre Island National Seashore as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Shoreline Position at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Shoreline change was calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by USGS (Theiler et al. 2008). This report provides a summary of changes in shoreline position at Padre Island NS from May 2017 through May 2021.
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Bracewell, Jeff, and Jane Carlson. Coastal topography change at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas: 2017–2021 data summary. National Park Service, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293032.

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In May and June 2017, April 2019, and May 2021, the Gulf Coast Network (GULN) collected coastal topography data at Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS) as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Coastal Topography at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Key findings from this effort are as follows: A fixed set of 23 topographic transects distributed along the Gulf shore were surveyed. The most accelerated change in profile area occurred in the transect groups located near Mile Markers 15 and 37. This is likely due to the impacts from Hurricane Hanna. The transects on the south end of Padre Island National Seashore near Mansfield Channel showed short-term losses in profile area (2019 to 2021) that are less than the longer-term losses (2017 to 2021). The transect nearest the channel showed substantial recovery, which is related to the deposition of dredged material. This project is in the early phases of implementation and will benefit from future surveys to better understand the influence of slight changes in survey timing and other environmental variations.
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Hudson, Austin, Hans Moritz, and Jarod Norton. Sediment mobility, closure depth, and the littoral system – Oregon and Washington coast. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45346.

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Forty years ago, the depth of closure concept was introduced to provide a systematic, process-based approach to evaluate seasonal changes in cross-shore profiles and sediment mobility in the nearshore. This study aims to extend that theory by directly considering wave-asymmetry in the nearshore environment. This technical note introduces a methodology to calculate wave induced dispersal of dredged material placed in nearshore sites and summarizes analyses validating the approach using data from the South Jetty Site at the Mouth of the Columbia River. This investigation highlights the notion of a cross-shore gradient in nearshore placement effectiveness of dredged material that can assist project managers plan and execute sustainable sediment management practices at coastal inlets.
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Bracewell, Jeff. Shoreline change at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida and Mississippi: 2018–2021 data summary. National Park Service, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293103.

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In May and June 2018, and April 2021, the Gulf Coast Network (GULN) surveyed shoreline position at Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Shoreline Position at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Shoreline change was calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by USGS (Theiler et al. 2008). Key findings from this effort are as follows: In Florida, the mean shoreline change rate from 2018 to 2021 was -7.10 meters/year (-23.3 feet[ft]/year) with a standard deviation of 5.01 meters (16.4 ft) with approximately 95% of transects exhibiting landward retreat. In Mississippi, the mean change in island width from 2018 to 2021 was -7.46 meters/year (-24.5 ft/year) with a standard deviation of 12.49 meters (41.0 ft) with approximately 73% of transects exhibiting a loss in width. This project is in the early phases of implementation and will benefit from future surveys to better understand the influence of slight changes in survey timing and other environmental variations.
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Calafat, Francisco Mir, Thomas Frederikse, and Kevin Horsburgh. Mediterranean trend and acceleration sea-level estimates. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.2_v2.

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Sea-level change is geographically non-uniform, with regional departures that can reach several times the global average rate of change. Characterizing this spatial variability and understanding its causes is crucial to the design of adaptation strategies for sea-level rise. This, as it turns out, is no easy feat, primarily due to the sparseness of the observational sea-level record in time and space. Long tide gauge records are restricted to a few locations along the coast. Satellite altimetry offers a better spatial coverage but only since 1992. In the Mediterranean Sea, the tide gauge network is heavily biased towards the European shorelines, with only one record with at least 35 years of data on the African coasts. Past studies have attempted to address the difficulties related to this data sparseness in the Mediterranean Sea by combining the available tide gauge records with satellite altimetry observations. The vast majority of such studies represent sea level through a combination of altimetry-derived empirical orthogonal functions whose temporal amplitudes are then inferred from the tide gauge data. Such methods, however, have tremendous difficulty in separating trends and variability, make no distinction between relative and geocentric sea level, and tell us nothing about the causes of sea level changes. Here, we combine observational data from tide gauges and altimetry with sea-level fingerprints of land-mass changes using a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) to quantify the sources of sea-level changes since 1960 in the Mediterranean Sea. The Bayesian estimates are provided on 1/4o x 1/4o regular grid. We find that Mediterranean Sea level rose at a relatively low rate from 1960 to 1990, at which point it started rising significantly faster with comparable contributions from sterodynamic sea level (ocean dynamics and thermal expansion) and land-mass changes. (EuroSea Deliverable, D5.2_v2)
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Bracewell, Jef. Coastal topography change at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Texas: 2018–2021 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293377.

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In the spring of 2018 and 2021, the Gulf Coast Network collected coastal topography data at Gulf Islands National Seashore as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Coastal Topography at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Key findings from this effort are as follows: In Florida, the Perdido Key unit showed higher losses in profile area as well as retreat in dune crest and shoreline position than in the Fort Pickens unit. Because of unfavorable weather conditions and a compressed survey window, six of 16 transects in Mississippi were not surveyed in 2021. The highest rates of loss in profile area on Horn Island were at the western end. Three pilot monitoring transects were added in 2021 at Fort Pickens area, updrift, or east of the Gulf Coast Network's established effort. This expands survey coverage about 3 kilometers (1.9 miles [mi]) and incorporates a portion of the narrower, washover-prone section of the unit. This project is in the early phases of implementation and will benefit from future surveys to better understand the influence of slight changes in survey timing and other environmental variations.
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Bracewell, Jeff. Coastal topography change at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida and Mississippi: 2018–2021 data summary—version 1.1. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293995.

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In the spring of 2018 and 2021, the Gulf Coast Network collected coastal topography data at Gulf Islands National Seashore as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods detailed in Monitoring Coastal Topography at Gulf Coast Network Parks: Protocol Implementation Plan (PIP; Bracewell 2017). Key findings from this effort are as follows: In Florida, the Perdido Key unit showed higher losses in profile area as well as retreat in dune crest and shoreline position than in the Fort Pickens unit. Because of unfavorable weather conditions and a compressed survey window, six of 16 transects in Mississippi were not surveyed in 2021. The highest rates of loss in profile area on Horn Island were at the western end. Three pilot monitoring transects were added in 2021 at Fort Pickens area, updrift, or east of the Gulf Coast Network's established effort. This expands survey coverage about 3 kilometers (1.9 miles [mi]) and incorporates a portion of the narrower, washover-prone section of the unit. This project is in the early phases of implementation and will benefit from future surveys to better understand the influence of slight changes in survey timing and other environmental variations. - -
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Holmgren, Amanda, Robert Wilkerson, Rodney Siegel, and Jason Ransom. North Coast and Cascades Network landbird monitoring: Report for the 2022 field season. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301415.

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The North Coast and Cascades Network (NCCN) continued to implement the Network?s Landbird Monitoring Protocol in 2022, in partnership with The Institute for Bird Populations. The protocol was initially field-tested with data collected from the annual panel only, as part of protocol development during 2005?2006, and has subsequently been implemented fully (including data collection on the annual panel as well as five alternating panels) for the past 15 years (2007?2021), except for 2017 when data collection was temporarily suspended to reallocate resources for a 5-year data synthesis. In 2022, we conducted 1,189 point counts at point count survey stations along 68 transects in the large wilderness parks of the NCCN, including Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), North Cascades National Park Complex (NOCA), and Olympic National Park (OLYM). We also conducted 72 point counts at Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), including 36 at Cape Disappointment, 28 at Fort Clatsop, 5 at Sunset Beach, and 3 at Yeon. Across the three large parks, we documented the presence of 130 species and one hybrid, 105 of which were detected during point counts. For 57 species (all species for which we amassed at least 96 point count detections over the period 2005?2022), we present the total number of detections of each species on each park?s annual panel transects during the 2005?2022 field seasons. We caution, however, that these detection totals have not been adjusted for differences in survey effort, observer effects, or potential differences in detectability of birds between years; such adjustments will be made in conjunction with trend analyses in a future multi-year report. The number of bird detections on annual-panel transects across all three large parks decreased by 650 between 2021 and 2022, though the magnitude of change varied among the parks. At both MORA and OLYM detections decreased between 2021 and 2022. When factoring in the number of point counts conducted each year, both parks saw a decrease in the average number of birds per count (a decrease of 9% at MORA and 24% at OLYM). At NOCA there was very little change in the number of detections between 2021 and 2022. A measurable part of the overall decrease in detections across the Network in 2022 was due to a high number of red crossbill detections in 2021, particularly at MORA and OLYM. We detected them in higher numbers in both of these parks than in any of the previous 15 years, but in 2022 our detections dropped to numbers more similar to previous years. Several other species were also detected in slightly lower numbers in the three large parks in 2022 than in 2021, which contributed to the overall decrease in detections. Golden-crowned kinglet and Pacific wren detections in particular decreased across all three parks between 2021 and 2022. Despite these slight changes, overall detection numbers of most species across the parks were not markedly different between the two years. Interpretation of these results will be completed as part of the next multi-year trend analysis, which will account for annual variation in survey effort, observer effects, and detection probability.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Coffs Harbour. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208028.

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Coffs Harbour on the north coast of NSW is a highway city sandwiched between the Great Dividing Range and the Pacific Ocean. For thousands of years it was the traditional land of the numerous Gumbaynggirr peoples. Tourism now appears to be the major industry, supplanting agriculture and timber getting, while a large service sector has grown up around a sizable retirement community. It is major holiday destination. Located further away from the coast in the midst of a dairy farming community, Bellingen has become a centre of alternative culture which relies heavily on a variety of festivals activated by energetic tree changers and numerous professionals who have relocated from Sydney. Both communities rely on the visitor economy and there have been considerable changes to how local government in this region approach strategic planning for arts and culture. The newly built Coffs Harbour Education Campus (CHEC) is an experiment in encouraging cross pollination between innovative businesses and education and incorporates TAFE NSW, Coffs Harbour Senior College and Southern Cross University as well as the Coffs Harbour Technology Park and Coffs Harbour Innovation Centre all on one site. The 250 seat Jetty Memorial Theatre is the main theatre in Coffs Harbour for local and touring productions while local halls and converted theatres are the mainstay of smaller communities in the region. As peak body Arts Mid North Coast reports, there is a good record of successful arts related events which range across all genres of music, art, sculpture, Aboriginal culture, street art, literature and even busking and opera. These are mainly managed by passionate local volunteers.
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