Dissertations / Theses: 'Coast care, coastal management'

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Barwell, Lauriston. "Integrity assessment procedure for buffer dune systems on the Cape South Coast, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6524.

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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The hypothesis postulated in this research, namely that the effectiveness of natural and constructed buffer dune systems can be assessed by a set of indicators that defines the integrity of the dune system and triggers informed management decisions, was evaluated and proved to be essentially true. Two key objectives, namely (1) the identification of key indicators that define the buffer dune integrity; and (2) the development of a scientifically defendable and practical checklist-based method of gathering qualitative information on the identified key indicators so as to guide decision-making at municipal level formed the core of the study. The six dune integrity indicators that collectively define the risk profile of a particular site along the Southern Cape coastline are (1) the degree of protection from prevailing wave energy, (2) the characteristics of the dominant winds and sand supply during the dry season, (3) the relative height of the foredune, (4) the degree of pressure on the buffer dune due to humans, (5) the vulnerability of the type of coastline to erosion, and (6) the coastline stability considering the prevailing coastal processes. The first two indicators relate to the natural (permanent) characteristics of the site and can be defined by experts and presented in the form of a risk and vulnerability atlas layer for direct use by non-experts. The third and fourth indicators relate directly to the implementation of proactive assessment and appropriate management actions to ensure a high level of buffer dune integrity. The last two indicators allow for management intervention to reduce the vulnerability but may entail costly engineering solutions and require expert input. A conceptual risk profile assessment procedure and a decision support guideline incorporating these indicators were developed and evaluated for relevance and practicality through a series of workshops with municipal officials along the south coast of South Africa. It was seen that although some initial basic training may be required, carrying out rapid assessments of the environmental status of key components of an identified human–nature system, such as a buffer dune, is practical and achievable by non-experts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hipotese wat in hierdie navorsing gepostuleer is, naamlik dat die doeltreffendheid van natuurlike en geboude bufferduinstelsels geassesseer kan word deur ’n stel aanwysers wat die integriteit van die duinstelsel bepaal en ingeligte bestuursbesluite tot gevolg het, is getoets en bewys hoofsaaklik waar te wees. Twee sleuteldoelwitte, naamlik (1) die identifisering van sleutelaanwysers wat die bufferduinintegriteit bepaal; en (2) die ontwikkeling van ’n praktiese kontrolelys-gebaseerde metode wat wetenskaplik verdedigbaar is om kwalitatiewe inligting oor die geïdentifiseerde sleutelaanwysers in te samel ten einde besluitneming op munisipale vlak te bevorder, vorm die kern van die studie. Die ses duin-integriteitsaanwysers wat gesamentlik die risikoprofiel van ’n bepaalde terrein langs die kuslyn bepaal, is (1) die graad van beskerming teen die heersende golfenergie, (2) die kenmerke van die dominante winde en sandbron gedurende die droë seisoen, (3) die relatiewe hoogte van die voorduin, (4) die graad van druk op die bufferduin as gevolg van mense, (5) die eroderingskwesbaarheid van die soort kuslyn, en (6) die kuslynstabiliteit met inagname van die kusprosesse. Die eerste twee aanwysers het betrekking op die natuurlike (permanente) eienskappe van die terrein en kan deur kundiges bepaal word en in die vorm van ’n kaart in ’n risiko-enkwesbaarheidsatlas aangebied word vir direkte gebruik deur niedeskundiges. Aanwysers 3 en 4 hou direk verband met die implementering van tydige en deurlopende proaktiewe assessering en gepaste bestuursaksies om ’n hoë vlak van bufferduinintegriteit te verseker. Aanwysers 5 en 6 bevorder bestuursaksies om kwesbaarheid te verminder, maar kan moontlik duur ingenieursoplossings inhou en kundige insette benodig. ’n Konseptuele risikoprofielassesseringsprosedure en ’n besluitondersteuningsriglyn wat die aanwysers insluit, is ontwikkel en geëvalueer vir toepaslikheid en uitvoerbaarheid deur ’n reeks werkswinkels met munisipale amptenare aan die suidkus van Suid-Afrika. Hoewel aanvanklike basiese opleiding nodig kan wees, bly dit dat vinnige assessering van die omgewingstatus van sleutelkomponente van ’n geïdentifiseerde mens–natuurstelsel, soos ‘n bufferduin, prakties en haalbaar deur niedeskundiges is.

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Liengme, Christine Anne. "West Coast strandveld : its utilization and management." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26136.

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Abbott, Victor James. "A regional coastal zone management system." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/665.

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Dumashie, D. A. "Strategic management of the coast : landowners, local authorities and coastal zone management." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414388.

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Jaumain, Sophia. "Changing coastal access patterns - A study of the Richards Bay Coast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4864.

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García, León Manuel. "Coastal risk forecast system : fostering proactive management at the Catalan coast." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669662.

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The action of sea storms is one of the most complex littoral processes with deep management implications. Along the Catalan shoreline which is about 700 km long, 190 km are subject to erosion and/or flooding. Around one million people live in areas potentially affected. Sea Level Rise could exacerbate this problem in the near future. Reactive interventions have been the norm in coastal engineering and management. This dissertation proposes a pre-storm strategy that foster cost-effective eco-compatible measures, termed Quick Defence Measures (QDM). Pre-storm intervention requires to forecast the future post-storm state. Hence, the main objective of this thesis is to assess present coastal risk through a Coastal Early Warning System (CEWS), termed LIM-COPAS, that forecasts the more relevant episodic coastal hazards at the area. LIM-COPAS consists of four modules: (i) meteorological model; (ii) wave generation/propagation code; (iii) coupled morpho-hydrodynamic model and (iv) risk module via non-stationary multivariate probabilistic models. The performance of this suite of models has been tested with (i) a set of hindcast events and (ii) synthetic storm conditions. The hindcasted events have been: December 2008 (D-08); October-2015 (O-15); November 2015 (N-15); January 2016 (J-16); February 2016 (F-16); December 2016 (D-16) and January 2017 (J-17). In D-08, errors in nearshore spectral wave parameters have been about twice than those in the offshore area. The error was around 20% in hydrodynamics and 50% in morphodynamics. The post-storm response has been acceptably reproduced, with a Brier Skill Score near 0.4. LIM-COPAS has shown good accuracy with high return period events (i.e. Tr,waves > 10 yrs, D-16 and J-17), but lower agreement was found for milder storms (i.e. O-15 and F-16). The meteorological module provided wind fields that were systematically overestimated. The integrated Mean Bias (MB) was -1.52 ± 0.78 m/s. Tarragona (Coefficient of Efficiency, COE = 0.27 ± 0.13) and Begur (COE = 0.29 ± 0.17) had metrics above the average value (COE = 0.24 ± 0.14); but lower agreement was found at Mahón (COE = 0.13 ± 0.16) and Dragonera. Wave metrics were more accurate than for the wind fields. The integrated Hs COE was 0.52±0.12 and Tm02 COE was 0.36±0.14. At the central coast, Hs has presented good metrics: low MB (-0.06 ± 0.08 m) and high COE (0.58 ± 0.11). The northern coast metrics were the most stable. The newly developed risk module has been implemented at 79 beaches. Erosion has been estimated as a bounded cost, whereas flooding as a high upside cost. Dissipative beaches tend to exhibit higher costs than reflective beaches under high sea levels. Tr,waves < 10 yrs events joint with storm-surges can lead to significant damage costs. The estimated losses for the N-15 event (2510·10^3 euros) do not differ excessively from J-17 (3200·10^3 euros). Two types of QDM have been numerically tested: (i) sand dunes and (ii) geotextile detached breakwaters. The benefits from maintaining the sand volumes outperform the flooding cost reduction. In general terms, the detached breakwater can be a suitable option for beaches in an intermediate morphodynamic state against low to moderate sea levels and high wave return periods. At dissipative beaches, dunes are the best option, but they require a minimum beach width (around 30 m) that ensures their lifetime. QDM functionality can be enhanced with compatible long-term actions (nourishments, sand bypasses, submerged vegetation, etc.). A healthy beach state is paramount for the QDM effectiveness. A higher sustainable management under present and future climate can be reached with the joint combination of (i) CEWS as a short-term forecasting tool; (ii) QDM that mitigate storm impacts and (iii) long-term interventions that improves the beach health.
La acción de los temporales de mar es uno de los procesos litorales más complejos, con profundas implicaciones en la gestión del litoral. A lo largo de la línea de costa catalana, 190 km están sometidos a erosión y/o inundación. Cerca de un millón de personas viven en áreas potencialmente afectadas. La tradición en ingeniería y gestión costera han sido intervenciones reactivas. Esta tesis propone una estrategia pre-tormenta que fomente una serie de medidas eco-compatibles, denominadas Medidas de Acción Rápida (MAR). Las intervenciones pre-tormenta requieren predecir el estado post-temporal de la costa. Por tanto, el principal objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar el riesgo costero episódico mediante un Sistema de Alarma Temprana Costero (CEWS), denominado LIM-COPAS, que predice las peligrosidades costeras más relevantes en dicha área. LIM-COPAS consiste de cuatro módulos: (i) modelo meteorológico; (ii) código de generación/propagación del oleaje; (iii) modelo acoplado morfo-hidrodinámico y (iv) un módulo de riesgo vía modelos probabilísticos multivariantes y no-estacionarios. El comportamiento de estos módulos ha sido analizado mediante (i) una serie de eventos pasados y (ii) temporales sintéticos. Los eventos pasados han sido: Diciembre 2008 (D-08); Octubre 2015 (O-15); Noviembre 2015 (N-15); Enero 2016 (J-16); Febrero 2016 (F-16); Diciembre 2016 (D-16) y Enero 2017 (J-17). En D-08, los errores en los parámetros espectrales de oleaje costero han sido casi el doble que en mar abierto. El error ha sido del 20% en la hidrodinámica y del 50% en la morfodinámica. La respuesta post-temporal ha sido reproducida aceptablemente, con Brier Skill Score cercanos a 0.4. LIM-COPAS ha demostrado buena precisión con tormentas de alto período de retorno (i.e. Tr,waves _ 10 yrs, D-16 y J-17), pero menor concordancia fue encontrada para las tormentas moderadas (i.e. O-15 y F-16). El módulo meteorológico estimó campos de viento que fueron sistemáticamente sobreestimados. El Sesgo Medio (MB) integrado fue de −1,52 ± 0,78 m/s. Tarragona (Coeficiente de Eficiencia, COE = 0,27±0,13) y Begur (COE = 0,29±0,17) tuvieron métricas por encima de la media (COE = 0,24±0,14); no obstante, peor ajuste se encontró en Mahón (COE = 0,13 ± 0,16) y Dragonera. Las métricas de oleaje fueron más precisas que las del viento. Hs COE integrada fue 0,52±0,12 y Tm02 COE fue 0,36±0,14. En la costa central, Hs presentó buenas métricas: bajo MB (−0,06 ± 0,08 m) y alto COE (0,58 ± 0,11). Las métricas en la costa norte fueron las más estables. El módulo de riesgo ha sido implementado en 79 playas. La erosión se ha estimado como un coste acotado, mientras que la inundación como un coste con alta cota superior. Las playas disipativas tienden a exhibir mayores costes que las playas reflejantes bajo altos niveles del mar. Episodios con Tr,waves _ 10yrs, concomitantes a mareas meteorológicas pueden conllevar costes significantes. Las pérdidas estimadas para N-15 (2510 · 103euros) no difieren en exceso de J-17 (3200 · 103 euros). Dos tipos de MAR han sido testeadas numéricamente: (i) dunas y (ii) diques exentos constituídos por geotextiles llenos de arena. Los beneficios de mantener estables los volúmenes de arena superan la reducción de los costes por inundación. En términos generales, los diques exentos pueden ser una opción adecuada para playas de estado morfodinámico intermedio frente a oleaje de alto período de retorno y niveles del mar bajos a moderados. En playas disipativas, las dunas son la mejor opción, pero requieren un ancho mínimo de playa (cerca de 30 m) que garantice su vida útil. La funcionalidad de las MAR puede mejorarse mediante acciones compatibles a largo-plazo (alimentaciones, bypass de arena, vegetación sumergida, etc.). Un estado de playa saludable es esencial para la efectividad de las MAR. Una gestión más sostenible bajo clima presente y futuro puede ser alcanzada mediante (i) CEWS como herramienta de predicción a corto plazo; (ii) MAR que mitiguen los impactos de los temporales y (iii) intervenciones a largo-plazo que mejoren la salud de la costa.

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Richards, Julie Ann. "Cheniers of the Essex coast : morphology, sedmimentology and management for coastal defence." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404824.

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Ednie, Andrea Jane. "Sharing a Landscape: The Construction of Sense of Place on the Maine Coast." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EdnieAJ2007.pdf.

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Fahal, Iman Hassan. "Phytoplankton blooms and fish larvae off the Northumberland Coast during the period 1992-1994." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389569.

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Kaminsky, Alexander. "Social capital and fisheries co-management in South Africa: the East Coast Rock Lobster Fishery in Tshani Mankozi, Wild Coast, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003110.

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It is evident that natural fish stocks are in rapid decline and that millions of people around the world rely on these resources for food and for securing a livelihood. This has brought many social scientists, biologists and fisheries experts to acknowledge that communities need to take more control in managing their natural resources. The paradigm shift in fisheries management from a top-down resource orientated control to a participatory people-centred control is now being advocated in many maritime nations in facilitating community-based natural resource management. At the heart of these projects is the establishment of institutions and social networks that allow for clear communication and information sharing, based on scientific data and traditional knowledge which ultimately allow empowered communities to collectively manage their resources in partnership with government, market actors and many other stakeholders. Central to the problem is the issue of access rights. In many situations where co-management of natural resources through community-government partnerships is advocated, the failure of coastal states to provide adequate legislature and regulatory frameworks has jeopardised such projects. A second issue is the failure of many states to provide adequate investments in social and human capital which will enable communities to become the primary stakeholder in the co-management of their natural resources. Whilst investments like capacity building, education, skills training and development, communications and institution building can initially require high financial investments, the regulatory costs for monitoring, controlling and surveying fish stocks along the coastline will go down as communities take ownership of their resources under sustainable awareness. The main unit of investment therefore is social capital which allows for the increase in trust, cooperativeness, assertiveness, collective action and general capabilities of natural resource governance. High levels of social capital require good social relations and interactions which ultimately create a social network of fishers, community members and leaders, government officials, market players, researchers and various other stakeholders. Co-management thus has an inherent network structure made up of social relations on a horizontal scale amongst community members as well as on a vertical scale with government and fisheries authorities. These bonding relations between people and the bridging relations with institutions provide the social capital currency that allows for a successful co-management solution to community-based natural resource governance. The South African coastline is home to thousands of people who harvest the marine resources for food security and securing a basic income. Fishing is a major cultural and historical component of the livelihoods of many people along the coastline, particularly along the Wild Coast of South Africa located on its South-eastern shoreline. Due to the geopolitical nature of South Africa’s apartheid past many people were located in former tribal lands called Bantustans. The Transkei, one of the biggest homelands, is home to some of South Africa’s poorest people, many of whom rely on the marine resources. By 1998 the government sought to acknowledge the previously unrecognised subsistence sector that lived along the South African coastline with the promulgation of the Marine Living Resources Act. The act sought to legalise access rights for fishers and provide opportunities for the development of commercial fisheries. The act and many subsequent policies largely called for co-management as a solution to the management of the subsistence sector. This thesis largely explains the administrative and legislative difficulties in transporting the participatory components of co-management to the ground level. As such co-management has largely remained in rhetoric whilst the government provides a contradictory policy regarding the management of subsistence and small-scale fishers. This thesis attempts to provide qualitative ethnographic research of the East Coast Rock Lobster fishery located in a small fishing village in the Transkei. The fishery falls somewhere on the spectrum between the small-scale and subsistence sector as there are a basket of high and low value resources being harvested. It will be argued that in order to economically and socially develop the fishery the social capital and social networks of the community and various stakeholders needs to be analysed in order to effectively create a co-management network that can create a successful collective management of natural resources thereby sustaining these communities in the future.

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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie-Ann, and na. "Communicating the Australian Coast: Communities, Cultures and Coastcare." Griffith University. School of Arts, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070814.094758.

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In Australia, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICM) is the policy framework adopted by government to manage the coastal zone. Amongst other principles, ICM contains an explicit mandate to include local communities in the management of the coastal zone. In Australia, the Coastcare program emerged in response to international acceptance of the need to involve local communities in the management of the coastal zone. This dissertation is a critical cultural investigation of the Coastcare program to discover how the program and the coastal zone generally, is understood and negotiated by three volunteer groups in SE Queensland. There is a paucity of data surrounding the actual experiences of Coastcare volunteers. This dissertation begins to fill this gap in our knowledge of local community involvement in coastal management. My dissertation considers the culture of Coastcare and broadly, community participation initiatives. Coastcare participants, government policymakers, environmental scientists, etc bring to their encounter a specific way of seeing the coast a cultural framework which guides their actions, ideas and priorities for the coastal zone. These cultural frameworks are established and maintained in the context of unequal relations of power and knowledge. The discourses of environmental science and economics as evidenced in the chief ICM policy objective, Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) are powerful knowledges in the realm of community participation policy. This arrangement has serious consequences for what governments and experts can expect to achieve via community participation programs. In short, the quest for power-sharing with communities and meaningful participation is impeded by dominant scientific and economic cultures which act to marginalise and discredit the cultures of communities (and volunteers). Ironically enough, the lack of consideration of these deeper relations of power and knowledge means that the very groups (such as policymakers, environmental scientists, etc) who actively seek the participation of local communities, contribute disproportionately to the relative failure of community participation programs. At the very least, as those in a position of power, policymakers and associated experts do little to enhance communication with local communities. To this situation add confusion wrought by changes in the delivery of the Coastcare program and a lack of human and financial resources. From this perspective, the warm and fuzzy sentiment of Coastcare can be understood as the Coastcare of neglect. However, the emergence of community participation as legitimate in environmental policymaking indicates a fissure in the traditional power relations between communities and experts. Indeed the entry of community participation policy is relatively new territory for the environmental sciences. It is this fissure which I seek to explore and encourage via the application of a cultural studies framework which offers another way of seeing community participation in coastal and marine management and thereby, offers avenues to improve relations between communities and experts. My fieldwork reveals a fundamental mismatch between the cultural frameworks which communities bring to the coast and those frameworks embodied and implemented by the Coastcare program. Upon closer examination, it is apparent that the Coastcare program (and community participation programs generally) are designed to introduce local lay communities to environmental science knowledge. Local coastal cultures are relegated to the personal and private realm. An excellent example of this is the scientifically oriented eligible areas for funding of the Coastcare program. The volunteers consulted for this project emphasized their motivation in terms of maintaining the natural beauty of the coast and protecting a little bit of coast from the rampant development of the coastal zone. Their motivations were largely the antithesis of ESD. They understood their actions as thwarting the negative impacts of coastal development this occurred within a policy framework which accepted development as fait daccompli. Australias nation of coastal dwellers may not know a lot about coastal ecologies but they do know the coast in other ways. Community knowledge of the coast can be largely accounted for in the phrase, Australian beach culture. Serious consideration of Australian beach culture in environmental policy is absent. The lack of attention to this central tenet of the Australian way of life is because, as a concept and in practice, beach culture lacks the seriousness and objectivity of environmental science knowledge it is about play, hedonism, holidays, spirituality, emotion and fun. The stories (including Indigenous cultural heritage) which emerge when Australians are asked about their beach cultural knowledge historical and contemporary experiences of the Australian coast await meaningful consideration by those interested in communicating with Australian communities living on the coast. This cultural geography is an avenue for policymakers to better communicate and engage with Australian communities in their quest to increase participation in, or motivate interest in community coastal management programs.

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Humphries, Lynne Patricia. "Mining-induced subsidence under the northeast coast of England : the implications for coastal zone management." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415781.

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Rickard, Darcel. "Community Based Coastal Monitoring: Developing Tools For Sustainable Management." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2247.

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Burgeoning coastal development, recreational use, and the future affects of climate change are placing increasing strain on regulators to manage risk associated with coastal hazards. Low-lying coastal communities in particular are vulnerable to a range of natural hazards including coastal erosion, storm surge inundation, tsunami and water safety that come with varying levels of risk to life and property. New Zealand's coastal hazard monitoring network is patchy and resources are limited. As a consequence there is considerable potential for coastal communities are going to need to take a more active role in monitoring their environment and building data bases and knowledge that can be used to better manage their coast. This paper describes simple methodologies based on the needs of various community groups and sound science principles that can be used to monitor beaches and the coastal environment. By employing these tools councils, technical experts and community groups will be able to make better-informed decisions for managing activities in the coastal environment. One of the keys to the successful uptake of a monitoring programme by a community group is its relevance to the group. The programme and the tools provided must fit the interests, needs, capability and resources of the group. This project develops tools for coastal monitoring and targets coastal community groups such as Coast Care, Coastal Hapu, Secondary Schools, and Surf Life Saving Clubs. The monitoring methodologies have been developed in consultation with Tainui ki Whaingaroa hapu, Raglan Area School, and the Waikato Beach Care and Coast Care Bay of Plenty. Successful methodologies for measuring changes on the coast are also those that are matched to the type of beach, use appropriate equipment, collect structured data, provide data to which analysis can be applied, incorporate local knowledge of the environment, and feed results back to the community and other interested parties such as councils and science organisations. This project provides the target groups with simple monitoring methodologies, field forms/checklists, and appropriate survey and measurement equipment (which have undergone field trials) to carry out coastal monitoring. A web-based facility has been developed to input, check and store data; and provide immediate feedback using graphs and images. It also provides background information on coastal processes relevant to monitoring programmes. In this manner, a scientifically robust data set is collected and stored within a secure and future proofed archive, providing valuable information to coastal groups for years to come. Although the primary objective of this research is to develop a means for coastal communities to monitor changes in their environment, there are additional benefits associated with engaging communities in the study of their environment. These benefits include increasing awareness of coastal hazards, capacity building, providing valuable educational resources, and improving the temporal and spatial data coverage of information for the New Zealand coastline.

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Currie-Alder, Bruce Adam Barry. "Collaborative management of the Mexican coast public participation and the oil industry in the Terminos Lagoon protected area /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61546.pdf.

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Aiello, Danielle P. "COAST TO CORAL: EVALUATING TERRESTRIAL DEVELOPMENT’S RELATIONSHIP TO CORAL ECOSYSTEM CONDITION IN ROATAN, HONDURAS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1179954979.

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Fallon, Kathleen Michelle. "Rip Current Formation and Beach Safety Implications for Several U.S. Atlantic Coast Beach Areas." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3382.

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This dissertation combines seemingly different studies, which work together to describe the physical characteristics of rip current development and associated social implications at several locations. These fast-moving, concentrated flows of water travel offshore and can be found on any beach with sufficient wave action. Any event of increased wave steepness will erode a large quantity of sediment from the beach. The material deposited offshore eventually makes its way back; during this process, ocean water becomes trapped behind a shore-attached bar resulting in a ridge-and-runnel. These formations are seen at East Hampton, where rip-like currents form as concentrated water drains from the runnel through a breach in the ridge. Camera images from 2010-2016 captured ridge-and-runnel formations and the ensuing currents. These newly described rips behave similarly to bar-gaps; however, they are not directly related to wave action. Coastal scientists consider rip currents to be the number one hazard at most beaches. In Palm Beach County, two traditional rip types were studied: bar-gap and structurally-controlled. Lifeguard incident reports from 2011-2016 were used to correlate wind speeds and wave heights to rip related rescues at three beaches. This research was undertaken in an effort to determine under what conditions most beachgoers become caught in this hazard. Rip currents were seen to be the most dangerous to bathers on days with moderate wind and wave activity. The same beach states that lead to the strongest rips also tend to keep beachgoers from entering the ocean. A social survey at Miami Beach, from 2011 to 2012, quantified beachgoer’s rip knowledge and their recognition of hazards. A significant portion of the respondents showed insufficient knowledge, which indicated they are at-risk of being caught or drowning in a rip current. Frequent exposure to the beach, maturation, and residency were identified as the main contributors to one’s literacy whereas education was the only variable that influenced a beachgoer’s visual recognition of hazard. The information gathered by these surveys can aid in creating better rip current awareness campaigns targeted to demographics that were determined as the most at-risk. An understanding of the physical and social science of rip currents can mitigate the impact of these beach hazards.

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Smith, Jacqueline. "Improving participation of the public in coastal flood management : a case study from the Suffolk coast, UK." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48081/.

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This research has been inspired by problems and delays that began with a change in policy proposed by the Environment Agency in 2003. The change was from a strategy of ‘hold the line’ of a sea defence to one of ‘managed realignment’ on a part of the coast of Suffolk, UK (Smith 2003). Many reactions to the proposed change were not favourable, protests and bad press ensued and the problem of acceptance was exacerbated by limited public knowledge, understanding or public participation before the change in policy. One outcome of the initial negative reaction to the policy change has been the response of the Environment Agency in the area of the village of Orford, and indeed all along the Suffolk coast (See Figure A1). The Agency has been seen to make improvements in their efforts to be more inclusive of local people in their plans. Observations of how they have proceeded to engage with local populations along the Suffolk coast have been made in the ten years since 2003, and are reported in this research. The Environment Agency approach in this area, at least initially, has been from the ‘top down’. This research aims to focus on improving engagement from the ‘bottom up’. An integration of these approaches could be where solutions to problems with public participation lie. Solutions to integration have been reported in other research. One example is the work of Webler and Tuler (2006) in the US, which has particularly influenced the direction of this research. The research focuses on the knowledge and involvement that individuals have about coastal flood management in a local area. Levels of knowledge and involvement are then used to aid an investigation into their problems with, and preferences for participation in flood planning. Assessment of the levels of knowledge and involvement of the whole sampled population of Orford was undertaken in a questionnaire administered in 2008. The classification of people with various levels of knowledge and involvement demonstrated that different groups of people and individuals had a variety of perspectives to participation in flood management. Perspectives were identified by using a Q Methodology carried out in 2009. People with different perspectives and levels of knowledge and involvement were engaged in interviews for their views in 2010, and a cross section of villagers attended a workshop in 2011. The workshop provided an opportunity to suggest preferences for different forms of engagement. The main implication of these findings is that a variety of engagements need to be planned to include a greater proportion of a population, and that previous approaches, for example village hall meetings and a ‘one size fits all’ approach, is not an inclusive solution to participation in coastal flood management. The research identifies significant problems or issues that local people felt inhibited involvement and makes recommendations for improving participation in flood management. Figure A1 below shows the location of the case study on the coast of Suffolk in East Anglia, UK.

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Kalumba, Ahmed Mukalazi. "Land management in the Wild Coast: the case of indigenous people in Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/79.

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An under-reported consequence of the democratic transition is the impact on land management (LM) within communal areas of South Africa (SA).Yet land is an essential natural resource, both for the survival and prosperity of humanity, and for the maintenance of all terrestrial ecosystems (FAO&UNEP,1997.)This study focuses on land management in the Wild Coast with special reference to indigenous people in Coffee Bay.Using the concept of the land management paradigm, the study adopts an intensive research design for the analysis and interpretation of data.The study aims to examine how land as a 'resource'is managed by the local indigenous people with special reference to wether it is moving towards or away from sustainability.The study discusses LM in the rural-built up environment with emphasis on land based activities, land tenure, gender issues,indigenous knowledge systems, changes in land use and degradation.The study looks at the indigenous people's participation in the new LM policy formation as predetermined by the grand scheme of democratization and decentralization.It highlights that indigenous knowledge systems are at the centre in rural sustainable LM, and equity in land issues forms another breakthrough for communal tenure system in the new SA.Indigenous people's views in policy formulation are not necessarily matched with national policy objectives due to poor public consultation.In general, the study provides an understanding of how indigenous people grapple with new policy changes in LM, to ensure sustainable land management in the rural South Africa

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Pettus, Paul Bryce. "Modeling Fecal Bacteria in Oregon Coastal Streams Using Spatially Explicit Watershed Characteristics." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1493.

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Pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms, are causing the majority of water quality impairments in U.S., making up ~87% of this grouping's violations. Predicting and characterizing source, transport processes, and microbial survival rates is extremely challenging, due to the dynamic nature of each of these components. This research built upon current analytical methods that are used as exploratory tools to predict pathogen indicator counts across regional scales. Using a series of non-parametric methodologies, with spatially explicit predictors, 6657 samples from non-estuarine lotic streams were analyzed to make generalized predictions of regional water quality. 532 frequently sampled sites in the Oregon Coast Range Ecoregion, were parsed down to 93 pathogen sampling sites in effect to control for spatial and temporal biases. This generalized model was able to provide credible results in assessing regional water quality, using spatial techniques, and applying them to infrequently or unmonitored catchments. This model's 56.5% explanation of variation, was comparable to other researchers' regional assessments. This research confirmed linkages to land uses related to anthropogenic activities such as animal operations and agriculture, and general riparian conditions.

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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1073.

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Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.

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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Media, Society and Culture, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18012.

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Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.
Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.
Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.

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Bahadir, Tugce. "The European Union Environmental Policy And Integrated Coastal Zone Management." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608938/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, it has been aimed to analyse the efforts undertaken by the European Union (EU) to stimulate and enhance Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the European coastal zone, within the context of the EU Environmental Policy. ICZM was formally accepted in the international community during the 1990s as an alternative to traditional sectoral coastal zone management approaches. It aims to establish an integrated management mechanism among different sectors to minimise resource use conflicts in coastal zones. Sustainable development constitutes the underlying idea of ICZM, the overall goal of which is to achieve sustainable development in coastal zones. Therefore, ICZM is founded on the internationally accepted principles of sustainable development. Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, which is a formal output of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, made an explicit statement of the need for integrated management of coastal and ocean areas to achieve their sustainability and called the participating nations to take the necessary steps. The EU, being at the forefront of such international developments and embraced sustainable development as a broader policy objective, is devoted to take concerted action in terms of protecting the European coastal zone and fostering ICZM action at the EU and the Member States (MSs) level. Since the early 1990s, the EU institutions began to put substantial effort to achieve this goal, and initiated dedicated actions. Those existing and the foreseen EU actions are elaborated within the context of this thesis. For the time being, the EU ICZM action is a flexible one without a regulatory binding instrument for ICZM. The ongoing EU ICZM action is based upon the existing EU policies and legislation. Within this framework, the central aim of the EU is laid down as to ensure the coordination and integration of these diversified policy objectives and legislative instruments to contribute to sustainable management of the European coastal zone. Since they constitute the backbone of the current EU ICZM efforts, those policies and legislation are also investigated within the scope of this study. This thesis accentuates the importance of concerted EU action in terms of stimulating ICZM action in Europe and the probability of a future EU level devotion towards a more regulatory approach in the longer term.

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Aiello, Danielle P. "Coast to coral evaluating terrestrial development's relationship to coral ecosystem condition in Roatan, Honduras /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179954979.

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Fouche, Ilse. "Assessing the use of GIS in the poverty alleviation strategy of the West Coast District Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21657.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poverty is a complex issue and has many causes which are wide-ranging with devastating effects. In order for these effects of poverty to be minimilised and contained, a poverty alleviation strategy has to be implemented in an effective and efficient manner. In order for a poverty alleviation strategy to be effective for the main stakeholders in the decision-making process the various components of poverty have to be fully comprehended. The extent of poverty needs to be determined by employing poverty measurement techniques which will enable the decision-maker to use a (GIS) to store the poverty data. This Geographical Information System (GIS) enables the decision-makers to capture, manage, store and analyse the poverty data. The GIS can be used to map poverty data and allow a visual display of the poverty data to indicate where the greatest needs are and to allow that the relevant stakeholders and policy makers focus scarce resources and efforts to these areas. Therefore poverty mapping can greatly assist government with the implementation process of the policy process specifically in the West Coast region, where a Poverty Alleviation Strategy is currently being implemented. This implementation plan of the West Coast Poverty Alleviation Strategy can be much more effective if used in conjunction with a GIS for poverty mapping. Therefore decision-makers in the West Coast District Municipality will be provided with an opportunity to utilise the poverty data in a more effective manner which will improve their decision-making process thorough the assistance of a decision-support tool such as the visual display of poverty in the West Coast region.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toestand van armoede is ingewikkeld en kompleks. Armoede het verskeie negatiewe nagevolge. Om hierdie negatiewe nagevolge te bekamp, moet ŉ armoedeverligting strategie in ŉ effektiewe manier geïmplementeer word. Die armoedeverligting strategie kan net vir die hoof rolspelers effektief wees tydens die besluitnemings proses, as die hoof oorsake van armoede in volle konteks beskryf en verstaan word. Die toestand van armoede kan net bepaal word deur om gebruik te maak van verskei armoede meetings tegnieke. Hierdie tegnieke sal die besluitnemer in staat stel om ŉ Geografiese Inligtings Stelsel (GIS) te kan gebruik wat die armoede data kan stoor. GIS kan gebruik word om die toestand van armoede visueel te illustreer. Deur gebruik te maak van ŉ kaart om aan te wys waar die grootste behoefte is i.t.v. die armoede data en waar die rolspelers hulle hulpbronne en kragte moet saamsnoer. Armoede kartering kan daarom ŉ geweldige hulp verleen aan die Owerhede. Veral i.t.v. die beleid implementerings proses in die Weskus Armoedeverligting Strategie, wat ŉ sleutel armoede verligting aksie plan bevat. Die beleid proses sal net verbeter word, deur vir die besluitnemers in die Weskus Distrik Munisipaliteit ŉ geleentheid te skep om die armoede data in ŉ alternatiewe manier te gebruik. Armoede kartering is so alternatiewe manier en sal deur ŉ besluitneming ondersteunings sisteem soos GIS die algehele besluitnemings proses in die Weskus streek verbeter.

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McFadden, Loraine. "The development of an integrated basis for coastal zone management with application to the eastern coast of Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394631.

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Sand, Melanie G. "Transforming Sustainability thru Adaptive Co-Management: A Critique of Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1512.

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To achieve true sustainability, planners must balance the interests of environmental protection, economic development, and social equity. In a critically changing, complex ecosystem such as Louisiana’s coast, challenges to achieve the perfect equilibrium are further compounded. Following the logic of emerging adaptive co-management literature, the planning framework for Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan could be transformed into a more collaborative, democratic process. Adaptive co-management is a regime which provides power to local citizens, often in possession of invaluable traditional ecological knowledge. In general, it focuses on constant learning and collaboration. Through power-sharing and participatory action, we embrace science, but step back from technocracy. We utilize local knowledge, and combine it with expertise.

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Bombana, Briana Angélica. "Co-production of indexes of beach management in the Catalan coast: A double-loop process of learning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669364.

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El context actual és un desafiament a l’esforç científic d’acceptar de forma acrítica les simplificacions (per exemple, els índexs) per a la comprensió dels problemes complexos. Més que la “veritat” en les avaluacions, la complexitat exigeix una certa qualitat del procediment utilitzat per adquirir coneixements, fonamentada en una consciència avançada del context en el qual s’inclou i es desenvolupa la recerca. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu la coproducció d'índexs per a la gestió de platges de Catalunya basats en processos de parells ampliats dins d'un ampli procés d'aprenentatge de doble cicle (DL). La selecció, definició i producció d’índexs i el seu informe per a la política s’han basat en comentaris d’una plètora de stakeholders, que van qüestionar i emfatitzar els valors subjacents, els arguments darrere de les eleccions i l’aprenentatge bastit anteriorment en l’àmbit de la gestió de platges. Les platges catalanes (Mediterrani nord-oest, Espanya) van ser seleccionades com a cas d’estudi a causa de la presència de conflictes (massificació turística, esgotament del patrimoni natural, etc.), elements i processos multidimensionals; una importància internacional com a destinació turística; la seva correspondència a una escala de gestió regional; i, la riquesa dels estudis acadèmics existents. Malgrat això, abans del present treball, no s’havia fet cap avaluació del coneixement disponible sobre aquest territori costaner a la interfície ciència-política. Per tant, vaig començar la recerca mitjançant una revisió crítica de l’índex de qualitat de platja (BQI), a través d’una comunitat de parells ampliada. El BQI va ser creat per un equip interdisciplinari de científics el 2010 per a valorar les platges com a sistemes socioecològics. Durant aquesta tesi i mitjançant dues reunions participatives, cinc grups focals, enquestes complementàries, entrevistes i contactes informals, 108 participacions directes van identificar quatre narratives principals - creixement econòmic, desenvolupament sostenible, protecció ambiental i gestió integrada costanera - que van explicar les platges catalanes, definir els objectius de gestió i guiar tota la recerca. L'anàlisi de l'estructura, valors i incerteses del BQI va mostrar que aquesta eina és prou robusta, sobretot degut a una baixa influència de les limitacions de recursos i un acord satisfactori entre els parells i l'objectivitat dels analistes. Tot i això, es va observar una dissociació entre el discurs i el desenvolupament operatiu d’aquesta eina, així com una priorització de la satisfacció dels usuaris (narrativa de creixement econòmic) i dades científiques descontextualitzades. La coproducció d'una nova eina actualitzada - el Doble-cicle BQI (DL-BQI) - va permetre considerar les limitacions esmentades, canviant la manera com alguns processos estaven sent observats i afegint-hi nous elements, per millorar la pertinència i la utilitat del coneixement produït. Després, es va aplicar i revisar el DLBQI a 96 platges de Catalunya i els resultats obtinguts s’han enfocat a la gestió pública de les platges. Generalment, excepte per alguns tipus i localitats de platges, la gestió realitzada a Catalunya ha condicionat les seves platges al desenvolupament del turisme i l’oci (narrativa del creixement econòmic). Aquesta orientació, juntament amb una feble consideració de les narratives de desenvolupament sostenible i protecció ambiental, han explicat principalment les pressions negatives observades i els impactes corresponents en la majoria dels béns ecològics i el patrimoni natural costaner. El creixement econòmic, predominant tant en el SL-BQI com en els resultats de la gestió esmentada, es va mostrar, doncs, obsolet per afrontar els problemes complexos actuals. L'èmfasi en les platges com a sistemes naturals, d’acord amb altres narratives, ajudaria a potenciar alternatives a l'estat actual. El procés de coproducció ha demostrat ser capaç d’incloure en el DL-BQI els canvis constants, les diferents dimensions i el context de la costa catalana, de testar-lo i, finalment, aportar amb informació de més qualitat per a la política pública.
The modern world context challenges the scientific endeavour to uncritically accept simplifications (e.g. indexes) to aid in understanding complex problems. More than the search for “true” assessments, complexity imposes the need for quality in the procedural form of acquiring knowledge, grounded in an advanced awareness of the context in which research is embedded and carried out. The present thesis aimed at the co-production of indexes for the beach management of Catalan beaches based on expanded peer processes within a wide double-loop (DL) process of learning. Here, the phases of selection, definition and production of indexes, and the reporting of information for policy were based on feedback from a plethora of (types of) stakeholders. This feedback questioned underlying values, emphasized arguments behind choices and integrated learning from past efforts in the field of beach management. The Catalan beaches, located in the north-western Mediterranean (Spain), were selected as a case study because of the registered array of multidimensional conflicts (e.g. tourism massification, depletion of natural heritage, etc.), assets and processes; its international importance as a sea-and-sand touristic destination; its insertion in a regional management scale; and the wealth of existing academic studies. Despite that, before this work was developed, no assessment of the information available in the science-policy interface about this coastal territory had been carried out. Hence, I began by opening the Beach Quality Index (BQI) to criticism through an expanded peer community. The BQI was created by an interdisciplinary team of coastal scientists in 2010 and was designed to cater to and assess beaches as socio-ecological systems. In this process, 108 direct participations by stakeholders were included throughout two multi-stakeholder meetings, five focus groups and complementary surveys, interviews and informal contacts. Four main narratives explaining the Catalan beach systems and defining management objectives were identified and guided the whole research – economic growth, sustainable development, environmental protection and integrated coastal zone management. The analysis of the BQI structure and the embedded values and uncertainties showed it to be somewhat robust, especially regarding a low influence of resource limitations and a satisfying agreement among peers and objectivity of the analysts. However, dissociation between the discourse and the operational development of this tool was observed, as well as a prioritisation of user satisfaction (economic growth narrative) and recurrent decontextualised scientific data. The co-production of a new updated tool – the Double-Looped BQI (DL-BQI) – was developed to account for the aforesaid limitations by changing how some processes were being observed and adding new observable assets (what to observe), e.g. natural heritage, to improve the pertinence and usefulness of the knowledge produced. After that, the DL-BQI was applied and peer-reviewed in 96 beaches of Catalonia and the results obtained were reported for policy. Generally, except for some beach types and locations, the beach management endured in Catalonia has conditioned these systems to the development of tourism and leisure and has also leaned toward the economic growth narrative. This orientation, together with a few considerations of the sustainable development and environmental protection narratives, has mainly explained the observed negative pressures and corresponding impacts in ecological assets and natural heritage. Economic growth, predominant in both the SL-BQI and in the outcomes of beach management, showed to be obsolete for tackling complex problems and achieving sustainability. Emphasising the value of beaches as natural systems, as in other narratives, would potentially promote plausible alternatives to the current status. The co-production process has been shown to be capable of comprising the constant changes, different dimensions and context of the Catalan coast in the DL-BQI, test it, and thus report higher quality information for policy.

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Xavier, Luciana Yokoyama. "Social learning as a process to foster Integrated Coastal Management." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-13032018-142751/.

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Integrated coastal and ocean management (ICM) requires new management systems where social learning (SL), the joint and collaborative learning trough interaction, is a key element. The occurrence of SL and the factors that affect it were investigated by documentary analysis, observation of ongoing processes and accessment of the perception of people involved with the participatory management of a marine protected area (MPA) in Brazil. The general hypothesis is that SL can qualify participation and improve ICM. To test it, this research characterized the management of the MPA, identifying SL processes and how they were fostered/hindered, with special attention to the role of research and educational institutions and the promotion of knowledge exchange. SL was evidenced by changes in knowledge, perception of the complexity of the system, social context and in the development of new understandings among the stakeholders involved in the processes, leading to strong social organization, social empowerment and institutional changes, promoting social capital. To improve ICM through SL, five strategies are proposed: promote diverse participation, not limited to official membership; promote simultaneous discussions in small groups; favor interaction processes over rapid solutions; explore common interests; explore different roles, especially with reference to research and educational organizations.
A gestão costeira integrada (GCI) demanda novos sistemas de gestão onde a aprendizagem social (AS), a aprendizagem conjunta e colaborativa que ocorre por meio de interação, é um elemento-chave. A ocorrência de AS e os fatores que a afetam foram investigados por meio de análise documental, observação de processos em andamento e levantamento da percepção dos indivíduos envolvidos com a gestão participativa de uma área marinha protegida (AMP) no Brasil. A hipótese central é que AS pode qualificar a participação e aprimorar a GCI. Esta pesquisa caracterizou a gestão da AMP e identificou processos de AS e como eles foram favorecidos/prejudicados, com atenção especial ao papel de instituições de ensino e pesquisa e à promoção de troca de conhecimento. A AS foi evidenciada por mudanças no conhecimento, percepção da complexidade do sistema, contexto social e construção de entendimentos coletivos, fortalecendo a organização social, empoderamento social e mudanças institucionais, promovendo o capital social. Para aprimorar a GCI por meio de AS são propostas cinco estratégias: promover diversidade de participação; promover a discussão simultânea de vários problemas; favorecer processos de interação à soluções rápidas; explorar interesses comuns; explorar diferentes papéis, especialmente considerando as organizações de ensino e pesquisa.

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Jafthas, Joan Agnes Ann. "Teacher support teams in primary schools, of the West Coast Winelands Education Management and Development Centre, Western Cape Education Department, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The functioning of a teacher support team is an important aspect in improving quality of education, because it has as its purpose the enhancement of collaboration and support to educators and development of conditions for learners to become more successful. This research study explored the functioning of teacher support teams in primary and elementary schools of the Western Cape Education Department of South Africa and Massachusetts in the United States of America, in assisting educators of learners with special needs in mainstream schools.

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Rennie, Alistair Flett. "The role of sediment supply and sea-level changes on a submerging coast past changes and future management implications /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/843/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2006.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Jooste-Mokgethi, Osma Thandiwe. "Demand-driven programme provisioning at a public FET College in the Western Cape : case study of the West Coast FET College." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80178.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Democratic South African government inaugurated in 1994 identified the need for intermediate skills that are required to contribute to the growth of the economy and to reduce the high unemployment rate. Further Education and Training Colleges (FETC) were established after 1994 by merging the former 152 technical colleges into 50 FETCs. The function of these FETCs was to offer intermediate skills to the youth, women, and employed and unemployed South Africans. The South African government introduced a number of strategies, Acts and policies to support the colleges and to implement demand-driven intermediate skills programmes which would close the skills gap and improve the growth of the economy. These policies seek to ensure that skills offered at colleges are aligned to the needs of industry and to make sure that the college programmes will be in demand in the work place. The study presented is aimed at investigating this alignment by evaluating how apprentices in the final stage of their vocational training perform and meet the demands at their work places. A number of strategies used by different countries to support and develop their education systems are discussed. The discussion is directed at considering how vocational education ensures a positive contribution to skills development and what its impact is on the growth of the economy. This study provides a comprehensive policy and legislative framework which governs and supports the higher education institutions and the FETCs. The study was designed to determine whether welding apprentices from the College are, according to the work place staff and management and stakeholder bodies, appropriately equipped with vocational skills and knowledge to execute their duties at the work place. The evaluation and analysis of the data extracted from the responses of the interviews and questionnaires are presented and discussed. The results enabled the researcher to conclude that the evaluation of apprentice performance at the work place provides significant insight into the question of how vocational training and knowledge at the WCFETC meet the demands at the work place. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die demokratiese Suid-Afrikaanse Regering, wat in 1994 ingehuldig is, het die behoefte aan intermediêre vaardighede om die groei van die ekonomie en die van die hoë werkloosheidssyfer te verlig, geïdentifiseer. Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges (VOOKS) is na 1994 totstand gebring deur die samesmelting van 152 voormalige Tegniese kolleges tot 50 VOOKS. Die funksie van die Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges was om intermediêre vaardighede aan die jeug, vrouens en Suid-Afrikaners in diens of werkloos, te verskaf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering het ´n aantal strategieë, wette en beleidsrigtings aangeneem om die kolleges te ondersteun en om die aanvraag-gedrewe intermediêre vaardigheidsprogramme te implementeer wat dan die vaardigheidsgaping sou vernou en die groei van die ekonomie sou bevorder. Hierdie beleidsrigting beoog om te verseker dat vaardighede wat by die Kolleges aangebied word, belyn is met die industrie as ook om te verseker dat die kollege programme benodig word in die werksplek. Die studie is gemik daarop om hierdie belyning te ondersoek en te evalueer hoe vakleerlinge in die laaste stadium van hulle ambagsopleiding vaar, en voldoen aan die eise van die werksplek. ´n Aantal strategieë wat deur verskillende lande gebruik word, om hulle eie opvoedingsstelsels te ontwikkel, word bespreek. Die bespreking verwys na hoe ambagsopvoeding ´n toevoeging tot vaardigheidsontwikkeling kan verseker en wat die impak daarvan op die groei van die ekonomie het. ´n Alomvattende beleid en ´n wetsraamwerk, wat Hoër OpvoedingsInstansies en die Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kolleges beheer en ondersteun, word verskaf. Die studie is ontwerp om te bepaal of die sweis vakleerlinge van die kollege, volgens die werksplek personeel en -bestuur en belanghebbende liggame, toepaslik toegerus en bevoeg is met ambagsvaardighede en kennis om die pligte van die werksplek uit te voer. Die evaluering en analise van die data, afgelei van die terugvoering van die onderhoude en vraelyste, word weergegee en voledig bespreek. Die resultate stel die navorser in staat om tot die gevolgtrekking te kom dat die evaluering van vakleerling-werksverrigting by die werksplek merkbare insig tot die vraag hoe ambagsopleiding en kennis by die Weskus VOOK aan die eise van die werksplek voldoen. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings word aangebied.

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32

Amuyunzu, Mary Kigasia. "The management of illness in a plural health care setting : a case study of the Duruma of coastal Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319881.

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Da, Silva Charlene. "The status and prognosis of the smoothhound shark (mustelus mustelus) fishery in the Southeastern and Southwestern Cape coasts, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003287.

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Global trends in commercially valuable teleost fisheries point to substantial deterioration in population size, offering limited potential for increased harvests. Consequently a shift in focus towards alternative fisheries has increased fishing effort towards targeting chondrichthyans as a possible solution to meet global demands. The life-history traits of chondrichthyans make them poor candidates for resolving economic and nutritional security as these make them particularly vulnerable to anthromorphic influences. Current fisheries management approaches based on centralized government intervention have proved inadequate. This failure of current management approaches is often linked with poor co-operation by industry with government when collecting fishery-dependent data. As management decisions are based on quantitative estimates from fishery assessment modes data collected are often of poor quality. Co-management with its implied power-sharing arrangement between government and fishing communities has been proposed as a more realistic alternative. The motivation within industry to collect high quality data can only be created with a feeling of ownership. The decline in linefish species in South Africa has led to increased exploitation of demersal sharks such as Mustelus mustelus. Their status as one of the target and by-catch species of South Africa's shark fisheries necessitated resource assessment. Age, growth, maturity and mortality calculations for M mustelus were made from data collected from 1983-2006. The maximum observed age for M mustelus was 25 years. Estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters from observed length-at-age for combined sexes, females and males were L∞ = 1946.16 mm TL, K = 0.08 year⁻' , to = -3.63 year⁻'; L∞ = 2202.21mm, K = 0.05 year⁻', to = 4.67 years; and L∞ = 1713.19 mm TL, K = 0.08 year⁻' and to = -4.36 years, respectively. Instantaneous total mortality (Z) was estimated at 0.16 y⁻', whilst natural mortality (M) for M mustelus was estimated at 0.05 y⁻'. The age and length at 50% maturity was determined for combined sexes, females and males at 1216 mm TL corresponding to an age of 9.93 years, 1234 mm (TL) and 10.75 years, and 1106 mm TL and 9.1 years respectively. The smoothhound shark resource off the south-eastern and south-western Cape coast was assessed by three dynamic pool models; yield per recruit, spawner biomass per recruit and an extended yield and spawner biomass per recruit. Due to the longevity of elasmobranches the per-recruit model was extended over a 20 year time-frame to simulate resource responses to management options. Fo.1 was estimated as 0.034 year⁻' and F MAX was estimated as 0.045 year⁻'. FsB50 was estimated as 0.031. The extended per-recruit model tested the outcome of different management scenarios, Size and effort control showed the least probability of pristine biomass falling below 20% of current levels in 20 years (where selectivity was set at 3 years). The replacement yield model showed that the average catches over the past decade are 2.5 times higher than the replacement yield is on the South Coast and 1.30 on the West Coast. A more realistic level optimising yield would be at 0.05 with a selection pattern at 3 years, where the probability of the biomass falling to below 20% of pristine pre-exploited levels in twenty years becomes negligible. A comparison of the models showed that current catches need to be halved for exploitation of smoothhound sharks to be sustainable. The results of this study indicate a need for a management intervention for M mustelus in South Africa with regards to potential overexploitation and collection of quality data for further assessments. A demersal identification key was developed as part of this study, which should aid monitoring officials in accurately identifying shark logs for collecting data. This study showed how adopting a management plan with the inclusion of comanagement concepts would improve the quality of data collected and increase monitoring of fishing activities. The inclusion of co-management is possible due to the unique bottle neck created by few demersal shark processing facilities actively exporting shark. A fishery management plan was compiled proposing several management options including size and effort controls.

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Daunaravičienė, Asta. "Passive admixture transfer peculiarity at the Lithuanian coast of the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080121_091702-01405.

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The evaluation of the passive admixture transfer in the marine environment is very significant from the point of view of environmental protection. A particular attention is devoted to the Baltic Sea ecological state, which is strongly influenced by the peculiarities of the sea bottom, weak connection with the World Ocean, climatic and hydrometeorological conditions. During the recent decades, the tendency of increment of the amount of anthropogenic pollutants is observed. The development of nuclear energetics and technology inevitably causes the spread of radionuclides of technical origin in the marine environment. The major attention is paid to the investigation of the radionuclide 137Cs distribution, since the investigations show the high values of the volumetric activity of this radionuclide to be present in the sea water thus far. Besides that, 137Cs radionuclide can be used as a tracer in investigations of the migration of other passive admixtures in the Baltic Sea water. Quite a number of scientists research the problems related with the amounts of the radionuclide of technical origin, their spread and impact on the marine environment. However, the works considering a problem of the variations of volumetric activity of radionuclides and their transfer in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea practically are not encountered. Considering that, the volumetric activity of radionuclide 137Cs in the coastal surface waters of the Lithuanian territorial zone of the Baltic Sea... [to full text]
Pasyviųjų priemaišų jūrinėje aplinkoje įvertinimas ypač svarbus gamtosauginiu aspektu. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Baltijos jūros ekologinei būklei, kurią lemia jūros dubens ypatybės, silpnas ryšys su Pasauliniu vandenynu, klimatinės ir hidrometeorologinės sąlygos. Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais jūros baseine didėja antropogeninės kilmės teršalų kiekis. Branduolinės fizikos ir technikos plėtra neišvengiamai sukelia technogeninės kilmės radionuklidų patekimą į jūrinę aplinką. Daug dėmesio skiriama 137Cs radionuklidui, nes iki šiol jūros vandens tyrimai rodo aukštas šio radionuklido tūrinio aktyvumo reikšmes. Be to, 137Cs radionuklidas geras indikatorius, tiriant kitų pasyviųjų priemaišų migraciją Baltijos jūros vandenyje. Daug mokslininkų nagrinėja problemas, susijusias su technogeninės kilmės radionuklidų kiekiais, jų sklaida ir poveikiu jūrinei aplinkai. Tačiau darbų, kuriuose būtų nagrinėjama radionuklidų tūrinių aktyvumų pokyčių bei pernašos Baltijos jūros priekrantės vandenyje problema, praktiškai nėra. Atsižvelgiant į tai, šiame darbe nustatytas 137Cs radionuklido tūrinis aktyvumas Baltijos jūros Lietuvos priekrantės paviršiniame vandenyje bei įvertinti hidrometeorologiniai parametrai. 137Cs radionuklido tūrinis aktyvumas Baltijos jūros vandenyje nėra pastovus, todėl aktualu parinkti tinkamus nustatymo metodus ir vertinti jo pokyčių tendencijas. Įvertinus radiocezio tūrinio aktyvumo pokyčius priekrantės vandenyje, galima modeliuoti ir prognozuoti taršos šaltinio atsiradimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Montoya-Maya, Phanor Hernando. "Dynamics of larval fish and zooplankton in selected south and west coast estuaries of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1641/.

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Thomas, Claire H. "An evaluation of North Carolina's mandatory oceanfront setback policy : a case study of Nags Head /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040453/.

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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.

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[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.

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Ozyurt, Gulizar. "Vulnerability Of Coastal Areas To Sea Level Rise: A Case Study On Goksu Delta." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608146/index.pdf.

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Climate change and anticipated impacts of sea level rise such as increased coastal erosion, inundation, flooding due to storm surges and salt water intrusion to freshwater resources will affect all the countries but mostly small island countries of oceans and low-lying lands along coastlines. Turkey having 8333 km of coastline including physically, ecologically and socio-economically important low-lying deltas should also prepare for the impacts of sea level rise as well as other impacts of climate change while participating in mitigation efforts. Thus, a coastal vulnerability assessment of Turkey to sea level rise is needed both as a part of coastal zone management policies for sustainable development and as a guideline for resource allocation for preparation of adaptation options for upcoming problems due to sea level rise. In this study, a coastal vulnerability matrix and a corresponding coastal vulnerability index &ndash
CVI (SLR) of a region to sea level rise using indicators of impacts of sea level rise which use commonly available data are developed. The results of the matrix and the index enable decision makers to compare and rank different regions according to their vulnerabilities to sea level rise, to prioritize impacts of sea level rise on the region according to the vulnerability of the region to each impact and to determine the most vulnerable parameters for planning of adaptation measures to sea level rise. The developed coastal vulnerability assessment model is used to determine the vulnerability of Gö
ksu Delta (Specially Protected Area), Mersin that has unique geological, ecological and socio-economical properties which are protected and recognized by both national and international communities.

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Wellington, Christine. "A nutrient mass balance for nitrogen and phosphorous for the nearshore water of the west coast of Barbados, W.I., July 1996 to May 1997 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29931.

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A mass balance approach was used in an attempt to quantify nutrient flux to the nearshore at the West Coast, Barbados, W.I. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels of the groundwater at inland pumping stations and above beach margins, as well as in the water of the nearshore zone and approximately 2 km offshore, were obtained. Nearshore groundwater seepage rates and salinity data were also taken. This study attempted to use this raw data to estimate flushing rates, nutrient loading rates, and nutrient loss rates, to ultimately create a picture of the fate of nutrients as they travel in groundwater into the nearshore zone. Annual loading for the entire West Coast was calculated at 1.46 x 105 kg NO3---N for nitrogen and 1.19 x 103 kg PO4 3---P for phosphorus. Mean nutrient levels in groundwater above the beach margin were estimated at 969.83 muM for nitrogen and 3.63 muM for phosphorus. For nitrogen and phosphorus respectively, these levels were twice and three times higher than at the pumping stations farther inland; and there was also a fourfold and fivefold drop in nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, in the nearshore zone relative to this groundwater above the beach margin. This indicated that the dense coastal population at the West Coast was adding significant amounts of nutrient to groundwater after it had left the inland pumping stations. There were no patterns of gradation in nutrient concentrations detected within the immediate nearshore, making completion of an accurate mass balance impossible, though indicating that there was significant advection of submarine groundwater offshore, beyond the study zone. This may contribute to the poor health of West Coast reefs, where sewage and fertiliser leaching and runoff are suspected as the primary sources for nutrient input to submarine groundwater to the south and northern parts of the West Coast, respectively.

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Bannon, Matthew. "The evolution of the role of Australian customs in maritime surveillance and border protection." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080916.155511/index.html.

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Wright, Brian Bradley. "A review of lessons learned to inform capacity-building for sustainable nature-based tourism development in the European Union funded ʺSupport to the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programmeʺ." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003628.

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This case-study establishes the influences of power-knowledge relationships on capacity-building for sustainability in the European Union Funded ‘Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programme’ (EU Programme). It aims to capture the lessons learned for capacitybuilding to support nature-based tourism initiatives on the Wild Coast. The EU Programme aimed to achieve economic and social development of previously disadvantaged communities through nature-based tourism enterprises, and to develop capacity of local authorities and communities to support environmental management. The study discusses common trends in thematic categories emerging from the research data, and contextualises research findings in a broader development landscape. This study indicates that power-knowledge relations were reflected in the EU Programme’s development ideology by an exclusionary development approach, which lacked a participatory ethos. This exclusionary approach did not support an enabling environment for capacity-building. This development approach, guiding the programme conceptualization, design and implementation processes, resulted in a programme with unrealistic objectives, time-frames and resource allocations; a programme resisted by provincial and local government. The study provides a causal link between participation, programme relevance, programme ownership, commitment of stakeholders, effective management and capacity-building for sustainable programme implementation. The study argues that the underlying motivation for the exclusionary EU development ideology in the programme is driven by a risk management strategy. This approach allows the EU to hold power in the development process, whereas, an inclusionary participative development methodology would require a more in-depth negotiation with stakeholders, thereby requiring the EU to relinquish existing levels of power and control. This may increase the risk of an unexpected programme design outcome and associated exposure to financial risk. It may also have a significant financial effect on donor countries' consultancies and consultants currently driving the development industry. This study recommends an interactive-participative methodology for programme design and implementation, if an enabling environment for capacity-building is to be created. In addition, all programme stakeholders must share contractual accountability for programme outcomes. This requires a paradigm shift in the EU development ideology to an inclusionary methodology. However, this research suggests that the current EU development approach will not voluntarily change. I, therefore, argue that South Africa needs to develop a legislative framework that will guide donor-funded development programme methodology, to support an enabling environment for capacity-building.

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Maulhardt, Alison. "Restoring the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana Ecological Tradeoffs and Barriers to Action." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2098.

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This study investigates the Louisiana 2012 Coastal Master Plan’s ability to reconcile conflicting economic and ecological demands on coastal resources. The Louisiana Coastal Master Plan was unique in combining flood control and coastal restoration under one authority. However, the objectives of flood control and coastal restoration can be in conflict. The plan was also unique in its approach of restoration from a working coast perspective. However, the objectives of ecological restoration and economic productivity do not always agree. By conducting semi-structured interviews with major coastal stakeholders, this research will explore how the planning process has accommodated the views and values of key stakeholder parties. This research aims to make more transparent the inherent environmental tradeoffs of restoration from a working coast perspective. A working coast is a compromise between economic and environmental stakeholder needs. The approach requires a balance of power to ensure that the projects selected best serve the needs of all parties. The study found that while there is industry buy in, mechanisms for mitigating economic externalities is lacking in the plan, corporate infrastructure benefits while wildlife resources are in decline.

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Sabai, Daniel. "Mobilising processes of abstraction, experiential learning and representation of traditional ecological knowledge in participatory monitoring of mangroves and fisheries : an approach towards enhancing social learning processes on the eastern coast of Tanzania." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013060.

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This study addresses a core problem that was uncovered in records from coastal management monitoring initiatives on the eastern coast of Tanzania associated with the application and use of coastal monitoring indicators developed by external development partners for the coastal zone. These records suggest that local communities, who are key actors in participatory monitoring of coastal and marine resources, face many challenges associated with adapting and applying the said frameworks of indicators and monitoring plans. These indicators tend to be scientifically abstracted and methodologically reified; given prevailing contextual and socio‐cultural realities amongst them. The research project addresses the following key research question: How can processes of abstraction, conceptualisation, and representation of TEK contribute to the development of coastal management indicators that are less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used by resource users in the wider social learning process of detecting trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources? In response to the contextual problem and the research question, the study employs processes of abstraction and experiential learning techniques to unlock knowledge that local communities have, as an input for underlabouring existing scientific indicators on the Eastern coast of Tanzania. The research is constituted as critical realist case study research, involving two communities on the eastern coast of Tanzania, namely the Moa and the Boma communities (in Mkinga coastal district). Overall, the study involved 37 participants in a series of interviews, focus group discussions, and experiential learning processes using visualised data, and an experiential learning intervention workshop, and follow‐ups over a period of 3 years. The study worked with mangroves and fisheries to provide focus to the case study research and to allow for in‐depth engagement with the assumptions and processes associated with indicators development and use. Through the above mentioned data generation processes, critical realist analysis, and experiential learning processes involving abstraction and representation of traditional ecological knowledge held by mangrove restorers and fishers in the study areas, the study uncovers possible challenges of adapting and applying scientific indicators in participatory monitoring of a mangrove ecosystem. Using ampliative modes of inference for data analysis (induction, abduction and retroduction) and a critical realist scientific explanatory framework known as DRRREI(C) (Resolution, Re‐description, Retrodiction, Elimination, Identification, & Correction) the study suggests a new approach that may lead to the development of a framework of indicators that are less reified, more congruent to users (coastal communities), and likely to attract a wider context‐based social learning which favours epistemological access between scientific institutions (universities inclusive), and local communities. It attempts to establish an interface between knowledge that scientific institutions produce and the potential knowledge that exists in local contexts (traditional ecological knowledge), and seeks to widen and improve knowledge sharing and experiential learning practices that may potentially benefit coastal and marine resources in the study area. As mentioned above, the knowledge and abstraction processes related to the indicators development focussed on the mangrove ecosystem and associated fisheries, as engaged in the two participating communities in the eastern coast of Tanzania. The specific findings are therefore limited by the case boundaries, but the methodological process could be replicated and used elsewhere. The study’s contributions are theoretical and methodological, but also social and practice‐centred. The study brings into view the need to consider the contextual relevance of adapted knowledge, the capacity or ability of beneficiaries to adapt and apply scientific models, frameworks or tools, and the potential of local knowledge as an input for enhancing or improving monitoring of mangroves and mangrove‐based fisheries. Finally, the study comes up with a framework of indicators which is regarded by the coastal communities involved in the study as being less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used in detecting environmental trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources, and attract wider social learning processes.

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Karanci, Ayse. "Statistical And Spatial Approaches To Marina Master Plan For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613087/index.pdf.

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Turkey, with its climate, protected bays, cultural and environmental resources is an ideal place for yacht tourism. Subsequently, yacht tourism is increasing consistently. Yacht tourism can cause unmitigated development and environmental concerns when aiming to achieve tourist satisfaction. As the demand for yacht tourism intensifies, sustainable development strategies are needed to maximize natural, cultural and economic benefits. Integration of forecasts to the strategic planning is necessary for sustainable and use of the coastal resources. In this study two different quantitative forecasting techniques - Exponential smoothing and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods were used to estimate the demand for yacht berthing capacity demand till 2030 in Turkey. Based on environmental, socio-economic and geographic data and the opinions gathered from stakeholders such as marina operators, local communities and government officials an allocation model was developed for the successful allocation of the predicted demand seeking social and economical growth while preserving the coastal environment. AHP was used to identify and evaluate the development, social and environmental and geographic priorities. Aiming a dynamic plan which is responsive to both national and international developments in yacht tourism, potential investment areas were determined for the investments required to accommodate the future demand. This study provides a multi dimensioned point of view to planning problem and highlights the need for sustainable and dynamic planning at delicate and high demand areas such as coasts.

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Zeggaï, Nassima. "Pour un développement intégré du Tourisme en Algérie : le cas du littoral algérois." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040260.

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L’Algérie est un pays producteur et exportateur d’hydrocarbures, mais cette source de revenus qui fait vivre plus de 30 millions d’habitants sera tarie dans moins de 30 ans. Le spectre de l’après-pétrole se manifestera au moment où l’on s’attendra le moins sans qu’aucune mesure n’ait été prise pour y faire face. L’une des solutions de substitution aux hydrocarbures est de développer le secteur du tourisme. C’est un enjeu économique qui assurera des ressources en devises et leurs effets positifs sur la balance des paiements. Sur le plan social, il permettra d’accroître l’emploi sachant qu’il existe un écart important entre la demande et l’offre en matière de travail. C’est également un enjeu environnemental puisqu’il nécessite l’existence de potentialités de qualité pour assurer sa pérennité.C’est dans ce cadre que nous avons inscrit notre recherche pour un développement touristique en Algérie dans sa dimension intégrée, respectueux de l’environnement, en étayant notre travail en prenant pour cas d’étude Alger, la capitale étant la vitrine du pays. Pour ce faire, nous avons établi un état des lieux du tourisme en Algérie et des impacts environnementaux sur les espaces touristiques. Le tourisme n’est pas développé malgré la diversité des potentialités et les multiples stratégies de développement touristique qui se sont succédées. Par ailleurs, sachant que le secteur touristique subit les impacts des autres activités sur l’environnement, nous avons détaillé les sources de dégradation en revenant sur le cas algérois qui montre bien la situation environnementale catastrophique qui prévaut dans le pays. Tout cela a permis de dégager des perspectives
Algeria is a producing and exporting country of hydrocarbons, but this revenue stream which made live more than 30 million inhabitants will be dried up in less than 30 years. The spectre of it after oil will show itself as we shall expect least unless no measure was taken to face it. One of the substitution solutions to hydrocarbons is to develop the sector of the tourism. It is an economic stake which will assure resources in currencies and their positive effects on the balance of payments. On the redundancy plan, it will allow to increase the employment knowing that there is a distance mattering between the demand and the offer regarding work. It is also an environmental stake because it requires the existence of quality potentialities to assure its sustainability.It is in this frame that we registered our research for a tourist development in Algeria in its integrated dimension, environment-friendly, by supporting our work by taking for study case Algiers, the capital being the showcase of the country. To do it, we established a current situation of the tourism in Algeria and the environmental impacts on the tourist spaces. The tourism is not developed in spite of the diversity of the potentialities and the multiple strategies of tourist development which followed one another. Besides, knowing that the tourist sector undergoes the impacts of the other activities on the environment, we detailed the sources of degradation by returning on the case of Algiers which shows well the catastrophic environmental situation which prevails in the country. ll this allowed to clear perspectives for a development integrated of the tourism on the coast of Algiers, which can be adapted to every entity of the algerian coast

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Scarfe, Bradley Edward. "Oceanographic Considerations for the Management and Protection of Surfing Breaks." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2668.

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Although the physical characteristics of surfing breaks are well described in the literature, there is little specific research on surfing and coastal management. Such research is required because coastal engineering has had significant impacts to surfing breaks, both positive and negative. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment methods, a central tenet of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), are recommended by this thesis to maximise surfing amenities. The research reported here identifies key oceanographic considerations required for ICZM around surfing breaks including: surfing wave parameters; surfing break components; relationship between surfer skill, surfing manoeuvre type and wave parameters; wind effects on waves; currents; geomorphic surfing break categorisation; beach-state and morphology; and offshore wave transformations. Key coastal activities that can have impacts to surfing breaks are identified. Environmental data types to consider during coastal studies around surfing breaks are presented and geographic information systems (GIS) are used to manage and interpret such information. To monitor surfing breaks, a shallow water multibeam echo sounding system was utilised and a RTK GPS water level correction and hydrographic GIS methodology developed. Including surfing in coastal management requires coastal engineering solutions that incorporate surfing. As an example, the efficacy of the artificial surfing reef (ASR) at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, was evaluated. GIS, multibeam echo soundings, oceanographic measurements, photography, and wave modelling were all applied to monitor sea floor morphology around the reef. Results showed that the beach-state has more cellular circulation since the reef was installed, and a groin effect on the offshore bar was caused by the structure within the monitoring period, trapping sediment updrift and eroding sediment downdrift. No identifiable shoreline salient was observed. Landward of the reef, a scour hole ~3 times the surface area of the reef has formed. The current literature on ASRs has primarily focused on reef shape and its role in creating surfing waves. However, this study suggests that impacts to the offshore bar, beach-state, scour hole and surf zone hydrodynamics should all be included in future surfing reef designs. More real world reef studies, including ongoing monitoring of existing surfing reefs are required to validate theoretical concepts in the published literature.

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47

Buzato, Esmeralda. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais no município de Ubatuba: uma proposta a partir dos geoindicadores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-14032013-125356/.

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As características ambientais do município de Ubatuba, localizado no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, foram modificadas nos últimos 100 anos por causa da dinâmica natural própria de áreas costeiras e das modificações decorrentes da intervenção antrópica. Estas mudanças foram acentuadas a partir da década de 1970 com a construção da rodovia BR 101 gerando impactos em diversos setores da área do município. A paisagem atual mostra o setor norte mais preservado e os setores centro e sul mais impactados. Levantamentos de campo e análises cartográficas - que incluíram sensoriamento remoto identificaram cinco compartimentos representativos dos setores sul, centro e norte da área de pesquisa para avaliação detalhada dos efeitos do uso e ocupação da terra e outras intervenções antrópicas nas mudanças ambientais. Esta avaliação foi baseada nos princípios dos geoindicadores propostos por Berger (1996) e da geomorfologia aplicada. Os procedimentos adotados mostraram que na faixa onde confluem processos continentais e marinhos é possível descrever e avaliar alterações naturais e induzidas pela intervenção antrópica mediante a aplicação dos geoindicadores. Na área da pesquisa foi possível estabelecer a cronologia e o caráter das mudanças de origem antrópica em um prazo aproximado de sessenta anos para mudanças mais recentes, e outro de aproximadamente cem anos, que abrange tantos registros históricos (documentos das prefeituras) como evidências da vegetação secundária em áreas de mata atlântica em fotografias aéreas. O conceito de geoindicador aponta a possibilidade de identificar essas mudanças ocorridas em períodos de cem anos ou menos se utilizando de técnicas simples e de baixo custo que permitam estabelecer, se possível, comparações entre áreas preservadas e áreas modificadas de forma natural ou induzida. Os resultados obtidos servem como subsídios para orientar políticas públicas voltadas à gestão ambiental territorial de regiões litorâneas.
The environmental characteristics of Ubatuba, located on the northern coast of São Paulo, were modified in the last 100 years because of the dynamic nature of coastal areas and changes resulting from human intervention. These changes increased since the 1970s with the construction of the BR 101 highway generating impacts in diverse sectors of the municipality. Nowadays the landscape shows a best preserved northern sector and two decaying ones in the central and southern areas. Field surveys and cartographic analysis - including remote sensing, identified five compartments representing the southern, central and northern research areas for detailed evaluation of effects of land use and occupation and other human interventions in environmental changes. This evaluation was based on the principles of geoindicators proposed by Berger (1996) and applied geomorphology. Later proceedings showed that where continental and marine processes converge it is possible to describe and evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes by applying geoindicators. In the research area it was also possible to identify the chronology and character of changes of anthropogenic origin for approximately the last sixty years for more recent changes, and another one around a hundred years covering many historical records (municipal documents) as well as evidences of secondary vegetation in Atlantic forest areas in aerial photographs. The geoindicator concept suggests the possibility to identify those changes for around one hundred years or less by using simple and low cost techniques to validate if possible comparisons among preserved areas and naturally or induced modified areas. Final data will serve as inputs to support public policies for regional environmental management in coastal regions.

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48

Clarke, Beverley. "Coastcare, Australia's community-based coastal management program: an effective model of integrated coastal management?" Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90990.

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This thesis critically assesses Coastcare's role in contibuting to an integrated and participatory approach to coastal management in Australia. Coastcare, one of Australia's suite of coastal programs under the National Heritage Trust, had the principle objective of engaging local community in managing the coast. Coastcare represented an internationally unique example of an operational Integrated coastal managernent (ICM) initiative. The Program fulfilled the requirements of an integrated approach including intergovernmental co-operation, financial commiûnent and community involvement. ICM has been adopted internationall¡ during the last decade, as a sound approach for ecologically sustainable development and for coastal resource use planning. Despite the acceptance and abundance of ICM eftorts around the world, little critical analysis of programs is available. Many of the most complex aspects of integration - the development of relationships and trust between agency and community were beginning to emerge through Coastcare. This thesis demonstrates that within each of the states and the Northern Territory the Coastcare program functioned quite distinctly âs a consequence of the existence and prominence of individual state coastal policies, state coastal agency commitment to the program, finances available to buttress the program beyond the state/CoÍrmonwealth formula as well as social, cultural and demographic features. Coastcare's contribution to a participatory style of management is assessed by this thesis. Stakeholder interview responses were analysed according to an evaluation framework, based on the principles of participatory democracy, and designed to assess different elements of community participation. This thesis concludes that one of Coastcare's greatest strengths lies in its active capacity building. The active engagement of groups undertaking localised works has raised awareness of coastal processes and coastal management governance and systems. The study contributes to a greater understanding of the processes of an integrated approach to coastal management by providing a detailed analysis of the various pathways of communication and cooperation between Program stakeholders (Commonwealth, state and local government, the program team and community) that have developed through Coastcare. Factors assisting the three tiers of government and community working together are explored along with the barriers that impeded progress of the Program. Its achievements will contribute towards a greater understanding of sustainable approaches to coastal management
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2003

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Yen, Ke-Chin, and 閻克勤. "Evaluation of Optimal Resource Management for Coastal Environment -- Case of HsinChu Coast." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96031940639612119734.

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博士
國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
94
Taiwan is comprised of a number of islands. Most developments in Taiwan are, to some degree, related to the coastline. Given the guidelines for economic development and environmental protection, conflict between coastal resource preservation and coastal land development is inevitable. The development of coastal environments, in addition to considering techniques for hydraulic engineering and economic benefits, should also effectively evaluate the impacts of development on the environment, landscape, and regional development, thereby providing a reference for policy decisions. Moreover, given the unstable characteristics of coastal environments, the concepts of ecological planning, multiple criteria decision-making, grey system theory, and fuzzy theory can be adopted when evaluating land development and management policy, enhancing the ease with which one can identify reasonable and effective strategies for sustainable development. However, most studies of coastal environment planning are primarily related to the value of the coastal areas, with further studies elaborating on qualitative descriptions and applying land use suitability analysis to the managerial measure of coastal development. Quantitative investigations of land development and land use are rarely pursued. This study applies analytical methodology based on ecological planning theories to generate a comprehensive system for planning and evaluating coastal environments. This proposed methodology comprises the gathering of managerial criteria, multiple criteria evaluation, and multiple objective programming. To overcome problems of a lack of data due to the geopolitically sensitivity of coastal areas, insufficient representation of criteria and the technical problem of the evaluation, the concepts of a fuzzy semantic scale, and grey system and fuzzy theories are introduced. The fuzzy evaluation by professional collective cognition is utilized to decrease the differences in subjective resulting from individuals. Overall, assessment results for management of coastal environments and resource utilization can address real-world environmental phenomena. Ecological planning theories are utilized to determine ecological and environmental conditions, physical environmental conditions, and socio-cultural environmental conditions. These three categories are adopted as the criteria for evaluating the potential of coastal land use and development. Fuzzy multiple criteria evaluation are applied to the evaluative system of multiple hierarchy. Given the premise of striking a balance between ecological conservation and economic development, the four goals—ecological conservation, water pollution prevention, landscape and economic benefits—are adopted as four functions, whereas the solution, obtained by compromise programming method, will be a nondominated-solution, thereby achieving a balanced utilization of environmental resources. The impacts of land use are assessed using different environmental factors in sensitivity analysis, and this data then serves as reference for future quantitative study of coastal environment categorization and to establish a tool for monitoring coastal planning. The coastal area in Hsin Chu, including the Hsiang Shan Wetland, is adopted as an example for the empirical study, with the aim of providing a reference for policy decision makers when planning coastal development. Finally, this dissertation illustrates the applicability of the comprehensive system in the dominance of land use and the optimization of land use development, allow the data to serve as an appropriate reference for management and utilization of environmental resources along coastal Taiwan.

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50

Wang, Hsun Chao, and 王朝勳. "Sustainable Management and Environment Construction of Coastal Line - Case Study of Taiwan Northeast Coast." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qc2dya.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
101
Currently about two-thirds of the world's population lives in coastal areas, relying on the coastal line or marine habitats. Taiwan island has dense population with coastline of about 1,140 km. Most Taiwanese have marine-related lives. Thus coastal management is an important research topic. This study was aimed to investigate the strategy of sustainable coastal management. By reviewing related literature, the evaluation criteria and alternatives were proposed and two questionnaires were drafted. Two stage surveys were performed. for MDM and AHP. The important evaluation factors and weighting for each factor were found from the survey results. In addition, VIKOR method was also applied to obtain the best alternative. From the AHP result, the first five prior evaluation criteria are (1) the protection of people along the coastline; (2) the environmental restoration and biodiversity; (3) proper coastal management policy or regulations; (4) maintaining the integrity of natural coastline and reducing the use of concrete and (5) natural shoreline as an important assessment indicator. The VIKOR result verifies Rong Xing coastal construction with least destruction of natural coastal line is the best altrnative .

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coast care, coastal management'

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