Books on the topic 'Coarse woody debris'

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1

Ganey, Joseph L. Coarse woody debris assay in nothern Arizona mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2010.

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2

T, Graham Russell, and Intermountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), eds. Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1994.

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3

Lassettre, Neil S. Process based management of large woody debris at the basin scale, Soquel Creek, California: Report presented to California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection and Soquel Demonstration State Forest. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection, 2003.

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4

May, Christine. The importance of wood in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Geological Survey, [Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center], 2004.

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5

Wells, R. W. Coarse woody debris in chronosequences of forests on southern Vancouver Island. Victoria: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1997.

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6

Wallerstein, N. P. An experimental study of alluvial channel response to large woody debris. Oxford, Mississippi: Channel & Watershed Processes Research Unit, National Sedimentation Laboratory, 1999.

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7

Brown, James K. Coarse woody debris: Managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003.

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8

K, Brown James. Coarse woody debris: Managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. [Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003.

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9

Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests (1999 Reno, Nev.). Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests: November 2-4, 1999, Reno, Nevada. Albany, Calif: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2002.

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10

J, Grove Simon, Hanula James L. 1955-, United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station., and International Congress of Entomology (22nd : 2004 : Brisbane, Qld.), eds. Insect biodiversity and dead wood: Proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2006.

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11

Tripp, D. B. Using large organic debris to restore fish habitat in debris-torrented streams. Victoria, B.C: Ministry of Forests and Lands, 1986.

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12

Caza, C. L. Woody debris in the forests of British Columbia: A review of the literature and current research. Victoria, B.C: Ministry of Forests Research Program, 1993.

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13

R, Owens D., and United States. Forest Service. Northeastern Research Station, eds. Specific gravity of coarse woody debris for some central Appalachian hardwood forest species. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2001.

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14

Hilbruner, Michael W. Planar intercept fuel inventory: Field guide. [Portland, Or.]: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 1992.

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15

Woodall, Christopher. Sampling protocol, estimation, and analyis procedures for the down woody materials indicator of the FIA program. St. Paul, MN: USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2005.

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16

Woodall, Christopher. Sampling protocol, estimation, and analyis procedures for the down woody materials indicator of the FIA program. Newton Square, PA: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2005.

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17

Keisker, Dagmar Gabriele. Types of wildlife trees and coarse woody debris required by wildlife of north-central British Columbia. Victoria, BC: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests Research Program, 2000.

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18

Bragg, Don C. Modeling large woody debris recruitment for small streams of the central Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, CO: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000.

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19

Bragg, Don C. Modeling large woody debris recruitment for small streams of the central Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000.

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20

Brown, Martin John. Natural tree regeneration and coarse woody debris dynamics after a forest fire in the western Cascade Range. Portland, OR: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2013.

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21

Waldien, David L. Influence of alternative silviculture on small mammals. Corvallis, OR: Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research, 2006.

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22

Stevens, Victoria. The ecological role of coarse woody debris: An overview of the ecological importance of CWD in BC forests. Victoria, B.C: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Research Program, 1997.

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23

Stevens, Victoria. The ecological role of coarse woody debris: An overview of the ecological importance of CWD in BC forests. Victoria, B.C: British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research Program, 1997.

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24

Stevens, Victoria. The ecological role of coarse woody debris: An overview of the ecological importance of CWD in BC forests. Victoria: British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Program, 1997.

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25

Keane, Robert E. Spatial variability of wildland fuel characteristics in northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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26

D, Reinhardt Elizabeth, Crookston Nicholas L, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. The fire and fuels extension to the forest vegetation simulator. [Fort Collins, CO] (240 W. Prospect Rd., Fort Collins 80526): United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003.

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27

M, Bilek Edward, Skog Kenneth, and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Fuel to burn: Economics of converting forest thinnings to energy using BioMax in southern Oregon. [Madison, WI]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2005.

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28

Bragg, Don C. Evaluating the long-term consequences of forest management and stream cleaning on coarse woody debris in small riparian systems of the central Rocky Mountains. Eureka, CA?]: USDA Forest Service, 1997.

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29

Environment, Alberta Alberta. Fire and Harvest Residual (FAHR) Project: The impact of wildfire and harvest residuals on forest structure and biodiversity in aspen-dominated boreal forests of Alberta : final summary report. Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 1999.

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30

Maurer, Tracy. What's in a log? Edited by Sturm Jeanne. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Pub., 2011.

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31

Veldhuisen, Curt N. Coarse woody debris in streams of the Drift Creek Basin, Oregon. 1990.

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32

Malik, Ireneusz. Rola Lasu Nadrzecznego W Ksztatowaniu Koryta Rzeki Meandrujacej Na Przykadzie Maej Panwi (Rownina Opolska) (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Slaskiego W Katowicach,). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego, 2004.

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33

Bustos-Letelier, Oscar. Wind direction and effect of tree lean on coarse woody debris production. 1994.

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34

Specific gravity of coarse woody debris for some central Appalachian hardwood forest species. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2001.

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35

Vanderwel, Mark Christopher. Modelling the dynamics of white and red pine coarse woody debris in central Ontario. 2005.

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36

Vanderwel, Mark Christopher. Modelling the dynamics of white and red pine coarse woody debris in central Ontario. 2005.

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37

Knight, Stephen M. Forest harvesting impacts on coarse woody debris and channel form in central Oregon streams. 1990.

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38

Streamside buffers and large woody debris recruitment: Evaluating the effectiveness of watershed analysis prescriptions in the North Cascades region. [Olympia, Wash.]: Timber, Fish, Wildlife, 2000.

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39

Dead Wood: The Afterlife of Trees. Oregon State University Press, 2022.

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40

McDade, Mary Helen. The source area for coarse woody debris in small streams in western Oregon and Washington. 1987.

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41

Wright, Pamela J. The effect of fire regime on coarse woody debris in the west central Cascades, Oregon. 1998.

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42

Butts, Sally R. Associations of forest floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests, western Oregon Cascades. 1997.

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43

Hicks, William Thomas. Tree mortality, coarse woody debris and the equilibrium status of an old-growth Fagus-acer forest in southwestern Ohio. 1995.

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44

Shuter, Jennifer. Impacts of selection forest management on coarse woody debris assemblages and bracket fungi community structure in tolerant hardwood stands. 2002, 2002.

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45

Spence, J. R. A comparison of beetles and spiders inhabiting soil, litter and coarse woody debris in stands originating from harvest and wildfire: Update 1997/98 (MDFP). Manning Diversified Forest Products Research Trust Fund, 1998.

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46

Heimann, David C. Recruitment trends and physical characteristics of course woody debris in Oregon Coast Range streams. 1988.

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47

Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.

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Abstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.
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