Journal articles: 'Coalstoun Porphyry Copper Prospect'

1

Van Leeuwen, Theo M., Richard P. Taylor, and Jordan Hutagalung. "The geology of the Tangse porphyry copper-molybdenum prospect, Aceh, Indonesia." Economic Geology 82, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.1.27.

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Sirisokha, Seang, Kotaro Yonezu, Thomas Tindell, Tetsuya Nakanishi, Koichiro Watanabe, and Jocelyn Pelletier. "Lithogeochemistry of Intrusive Rocks in the Halo Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Prospect, Northeast Cambodia." Open Journal of Geology 09, no. 07 (2019): 342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2019.97023.

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Koval', P. V., S. Ariunbileg, Yu I. Libatorov, and I. Ye Maksimyuk. "THE BAYANULA MOLYBDENUM-COPPER PORPHYRY PROSPECT, CENTRAL MONGOLIA, AND ITS RELATION TO MAGMATISM." International Geology Review 30, no. 8 (August 1988): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206818809466070.

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Perelló, José, Richard H. Sillitoe, Humberto Brockway, and Alfredo García. "Metallogenic inception of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Daero Paulos porphyry copper prospect, Eritrea." Gondwana Research 88 (December 2020): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.021.

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Verdiansyah, Okki, Arifudin Idrus, Lucas Donny Setijadji, Bronto Sutopo, and I. Gde Sukadana. "Mineralogy of hydrothermal breccia cement of Humpa Leu East porphyry copper-gold prospect, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132504008.

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Indonesia is a country that has several world-class copper-gold deposits, particularly in eastern Sunda arc. The Hu’u complex has several prospects in the surface as lithocap of extensive epithermal style alteration, but some were detected associated with porphyry beneath the surface. The study focuses on hydrothermal breccia cement as a factor influencing the porphyry system in the Hu’u district. The methods used is mineralogical analysis with petrography and μ-XRF elemental mapping on hydrothermal breccia samples. The Hu’u district is interpreted as a paleo-volcano; a member of the Old Volcanics Rocks Formation. The Humpa Leu East lithology consists of pre-volcanics unit (lava and pyroclastics), diorite, andesite-μ-diorite, and tonalitic intrusion at the depth. Hydrothermal alteration evolved from tonalite body to outward, consist of potassic, inner propyllitic and overprinted by phyllic and advanced argillic. Several phases of hydrothermal activities occur in this system, including the hydrothermal breccia phase associated with complex fluids. The hydrothermal cement of Humpa Leu East porphyry at least have three phases of mineralogical assemblages and possibly influencing the mineralization. The mineralogical assemblage of hydrothermal cement in HLE consists of quartz-feldspar-plagioclase-biotite as a high-temperature phase; then followed by epidote-sericite-chlorites-anhydrite-carbonates in medium temperature; there are aluminum-rich clay minerals interpreted as gibbsite. Mineralization occurs in three phases including chalcopyrite-magnetite, bornite-chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite-sphalerite phases. The occurrences of chalcopyrite at all phases indicate the stability of intermediate sulfidation proses in Humpa Leu and as a possible factor to answer the abundant copper in the Hu’u hydrothermal fluid system

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Khalil, Yasir Shaheen, Li Wenyuan, Jinku Huang, Syed Ali Abbas, and Hong Jun. "Geophysical exploration and geological appraisal of the Siah Diq porphyry Cu–Au prospect: A recent discovery in the Chagai volcano magmatic arc, SW Pakistan." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0429.

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Abstract Discovery of the Siah Diq porphyry (Cu–Au) prospect in the foothill of Dam Koh volcano is a recent exploration success story of mineralization buried under a 46 m alluvium cover in an exploratory mature Chagai belt. Acquisition of geophysical data followed by drilling and logging was key in the discovery. Integrated magnetics and induced polarization (IP) surveys in an area of 7.5 km2, pointed out magnetic-low, IP-high, and resistivity-low anomalies corresponding to porphyry Cu–Au type sulfide mineralization. Three bore holes were drilled to test the geophysical anomalies. After careful observation and geoscientific logging of core, porphyry style Cu–Au mineralization was revealed. The porphyry prospect was further characterized based on host rock lithology, petrography, alteration mineralogy, ore vein characterization, and Cu/Au geochemical assays based on core samples. Rocks hosting the mineralization include andesite, granodiorite, coarse, as well as fine grained diorite and pink granite, all highly altered, mineralized and porphyritic. Propylitic alteration was dominant in all the three bore holes and developed earlier followed by phyllic, potassic, and argillic alterations. Sulfide mineralization is present as cross-cutting stockwork veins and disseminations. Average copper and gold assays of drill core are 0.17% Cu and 0.78 ppm Au, respectively. Economically insignificant values of molybdenum and silver have been noted in some samples.

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Sutarto, Sutarto, Arifudin Idrus, Agung Harijoko, Lucas Donny Setijadji, Franz Michael Meyer, Sven Sindern, and Sapto Putranto. "Hydrothermal Alteration and Mineralization of the Randu Kuning Porphyry Cu-Au and Intermediate Sulphidation Epithermal Au-Base Metals Deposits in Selogiri, Central Java, Indonesia." Journal of Applied Geology 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26951.

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The Randu Kuning Porphyry Cu-Au prospect area is situated in the Selogiri district, Wonogiri regency, Central Java, Indonesia, about 40 km to the South-East from Solo city, or approximately 70 km east of Yogyakarta city. The Randu Kuning area and its vicinity is a part of the East Java Southern Mountain Zone, mostly occupied by both plutonic and volcanic igneous rocks, volcaniclastic, silisiclastic and carbonate rocks. Magmatism-volcanism products were indicated by the abundant of igneous and volcaniclastic rocks of Mandalika and Semilir Formation. The Alteration zones distribution are generally controlled by the NE–SW and NW–SE trending structures. At least eight types of hydrothermal alteration at the Randu Kuning area and its vicinity had been identified, i.e. magnetite + biotite ± K-feldspar ± chlorite (potassic), chlorite + sericite + magnetite ± actinolite, chlorite + magnetite ± actinolite ± carbonate (inner propylitic), chlorite + epidote ± carbonate (outer propylitic), sericite + quartz + pyrite (phyllic), illite + kaolinite ± smectite (intermediate argillic), illite + kaolinite ± pyrophyllite ± alunite (advanced argillic) and quatz + chlorite (sillisic) zones. The Randu Kuning mineralization at Selogiri is co existing with the porphyry Cu-Au and intermediate sulphidation epithermal Au-base metals. Mineralization in the porphyry environment is mostly associated with the present of quartz-sulphides veins including AB, C, carbonate-sulphides veins (D vein) as well as disseminated sulphides. While in the epithermal prospect, mineralization is particularly associated with pyrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + carbonate ± galena veins as well as hydrothermal breccias. The Randu Kuning porphyry prospect has copper gold grade in range at about 0.66–5.7 gr/t Au and 0.04–1.24 % Cu, whereas in the intermediate sulphidation epithermal contain around 0.1–20.8 gr/t Au, 1.2–28.1 gr/t Ag, 0.05–0.9 % Zn, 0.14–0.59 % Pb and 0.01–0.65 % Cu.

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Tapster, S., D. J. Condon, J. Naden, S. R. Noble, M. G. Petterson, N. M. W. Roberts, A. D. Saunders, and D. J. Smith. "Rapid thermal rejuvenation of high-crystallinity magma linked to porphyry copper deposit formation; evidence from the Koloula Porphyry Prospect, Solomon Islands." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 442 (May 2016): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.046.

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Idrus, Arifudin, Aji Syailendra Ubaidillah, I. Wayan Warmada, and Syafruddin Maula. "Geology, Rock Geochemistry and Ore Fluid Characteristics of the Brambang Copper-Gold Porphyry Prospect, Lombok Island, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2021.6.1.6145.

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Brambang is one of the porphyry copper-gold prospects/deposits situated along eastern Sunda arc. This study is aimed to understand geological framework, alteration geochemistry and ore fluid characteristics of the prospect. Fieldworks and various laboratory analyses were performed including petrography, ore microscopy, rock geochemistry, chlorite chemistry and fluid inclusion microthermometry. The prospect is composed of andesitic tuff and diorite which are intruded by tonalite porphyries. Tonalite porphyries are interpreted as ore mineralisation-bearing intrusion. Various hydrothermal alterations are identified including potassic, phyllic, propylitic, advanced argillic and argillic types. Ore mineralisation is characterized by magnetite and copper sulfides such as bornite and chalcopyrite. Potassic alteration is typified by secondary biotite, and associated with ore mineralisation. Mass balance calculation indicates SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Cu and Au are added during potassic alteration process. Ore forming fluid is dominated by magmatic fluid at high temperature (450-600ºC) and high salinity (60-70 wt. % NaCl eq.). Hydrothermal fluid was diluted by meteoric water incursion at low-moderate temperature of 150-400ºC and salinity of 0.5-7 wt. % NaCl eq.

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Sutarto, Sutarto, Arifudin Idrus, Agung Harijoko, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and Franz Michael Meyer. "VEINS AND HYDROTHERMAL BRECCIAS OF THE RANDU KUNING PORPHYRY Cu-Au AND EPITHERMAL Au DEPOSITS AT SELOGIRI AREA, CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Geology 7, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26982.

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The Randu Kuning prospect is situated at Selogiri area, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. This location is about 40 km to the south-east from Solo city or approximately 70 km east of Yogyakarta city. Many Tertiary dioritic rocks related alterationmineralisation were found at the Randu Kuning area and its vicinity, including hornblende microdiorite, hornblende-pyroxene diorite and quartz diorite. Mineralisation type of the Randu Kuning prospect was interpreted as porphyry Cu-Au and a number epithermal Au-base metals deposits in its surrounding. The closed existing of porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals type deposits at the Randu Kuning area produced a very complex of veins and hydrothermal breccias crosscutting relationship. A lot of porphyry veins types were found and observed at the Randu Kuning area, and classiﬁed into at least seven types. Most of the porphyry veins were cross cut by epithermal type veins. Many epithermal veins also are found and crosscut into deeply porphyry vein types. There are genetically at least two type of hydrothermal breccias have recognized in the research area, i.e. magmatic-hydrothermal breccia and phreatomagmatic breccia. Magmatic hydrothermal breccias are mostly occured in contact between hornblende microdiorite or quartz diorite and hornblende-pyroxene diorite, characterized by angular fragments/clasts supported or inﬁlled by silicas, carbonates and sulphides matrix derived from hydrothermal ﬂuids precipitation. Phreatomagmatic breccias are characterized by abundant of the juvenile clasts, indicated contact between hot magma with ﬂuid or water as well as many wall rock fragments such as altered diorites and volcaniclastic rock clasts set in clastical matrix. The juvenile clasts usually compossed by volcanic glasses and aphanitic rocks in rounded-irregular shape. Both veining and brecciation processes have an important role in gold and copper mineralisation of the Randu Kuning Porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals deposits, mostly related to the presence of quartz veins/veinlets containing signiﬁcant sulphides, i.e., quartz with thin centre line sulphides (Abtype) veins, pyrite±chalcopyrite (C type) veinlets, pyrite+quartz± chalcopyrire±carbonate (D type) veins of porphyry types as well as epithermal environment quarts+ sulphides+carbonate veins.

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11

Redwood, Stewart D. "The mineral deposits of Panama: Arc metallogenesis on the trailing edge of the Caribbean large igneous province." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): A130220. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a130220.

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The mineral deposits of the Panama microplate are hosted by a composite volcano-plutonic island arc of Late Cretaceous to Quaternary age developed on an oceanic plateau, the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP), on the western, trailing edge of the Caribbean Plate. Large igneous provinces are formed by gold and chalcophile element-enriched, mantle plume-related magmas, which may explain the strong metal endowment of Panama of about 32 Mt copper and >984 t gold. The progressive collision of the Panama arc with South America since the middle Eocene resulted in deformation and oroclinal bending of the arc and metallogenic belts. In western Panama, the copper-gold belts young from south to north away from the subduction zone, whereas in eastern Panama the belts young from north to south. An Early Arc of late Campanian to Eocene age (71-34 Ma) developed related to northerly subduction of the Farallon Plate. It has submarine Si-Mn-Fe exhalite deposits in the Nombre de Dios and Montijo belts with showings of Au-rich VMS Cu-Zn mineralization. The San Blas porphyry Cu-Au belt formed in eastern Panama (Rio Pito and other porphyry Cu-Au prospects), while the western continuation, offset by 200 km sinistrally to the Azuero Belt, hosts high sulphidation epithermal Au-Cu deposits (Cerro Quema and others) in porphyry lithocaps.The arc migrated to the northern Azuero-Soná belt in the middle to late Eocene with the formation of epithermal Au-Ag-Pb-Cu mineralization, and a porphyry Au prospect (Soná). A Middle Arc developed in the Oligocene to lower Miocene (31-18 Ma) related to the NE-dipping subduction of the Farallon Plate followed by the Nazca Plate. In eastern Panama, the arc formed intermediate sulphidation epithermal Au deposits in high grade breccias (Espiritu Santo de Cana mine) and carbonates (Rio Mogue prospect), and porphyry Cu mineralization (Ipeti). The eastern Panama arc shut down in the lower Miocene as a result of the change of the Nazca Plate convergence to strike slip. The Middle Arc in western Panama, on the northern side of the Central Cordillera, hosts the Petaquilla belt of porphyry Cu (the supergiant Cobre Panama porphyry Cu-Mo-Au-Ag deposit) and epithermal Au (Molejon) deposits, and probably the epithermal Au deposits of the Veraguas belt. The Later Arc of Miocene to Quaternary age (18-0 Ma) of the Central Cordillera of western Panama hosts low sulphidation epithermal Au vein and breccia-hosted deposits (Capira, Remance, Santa Rosa), high sulphidation epithermal Au deposits (Cerro Lloron, Rio Liri), and porphyry Cu deposits (the supergiant Cerro Colorado porphyry Cu-Mo-Au-Ag deposit and the Cerro Chorcha porphyry Cu-Au deposit). Uplift of the young porphyries in the western part of the belt is related to the subduction of the Cocos aseismic oceanic ridge. Deposits formed by Quaternary weathering include lateritic bauxite and iron ore in the Chiriqui-Veraguas belt; heavy mineral Fe-Ti sands in beach/marine placer deposits in the Gulf of Panama; and extensive placer Au deposits in Northern Darien, Darien, Chepo, Coclé, Veraguas, western Azuero-Soná, and many other small deposits.

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Parcutela, N. E., C. B. Dimalanta, L. T. Armada, R. S. Austria, J. A. Gabo-Ratio, and G. P. Yumul. "Band processing of Landsat 8-OLI multi-spectral images as a tool for delineating alteration zones associated with porphyry prospects: A case from Suyoc, Benguet, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012022.

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Abstract The Mankayan Mineral District in Luzon is marked by several porphyry and epithermal mineralizations. The possibility of blind porphyry mineralization in Mangga, Basig, and Palidan was forwarded based on the results of recent ground magnetic surveys in Suyoc, Mankayan, Benguet. These areas exhibited the diagnostic magnetic anomaly patterns expected of porphyry copper deposits. This signature, a magnetic core surrounded by a non-magnetic rim, is due to the alteration haloes common to porphyry systems. The magnetic core corresponds to the potassic zone dominated by iron-oxide-bearing minerals (e.g., magnetite). Meanwhile, the abundance of non-magnetic clay minerals at the periphery of the mineralized region corresponds to propylitic-argillic alteration zones. Delineation of alteration zones using remote sensing was done to further support the suggested mineralization prospects. Mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) was carried out to reduce the effects of vegetation cover from Landsat 8 data. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was applied to generate bands exploiting the greatest difference between the clay and magnetite alterations with background earth materials. A classified composite map depicts the altered regions. The three sites previously identified from magnetic anomalies also display the expected alterations. Another prospect in the Lapangan area is being proposed based on magnetic anomalies and mapped alterations.

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Yazdi, Zahra, Alireza Jafari Rad, Mehraj Aghazadeh, and Peyman Afzal. "Alteration Mapping for Porphyry Copper Exploration Using ASTER and QuickBird Multispectral Images, Sonajeel Prospect, NW Iran." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 46, no. 10 (July 25, 2018): 1581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-018-0811-1.

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Lubis, H., S. Prihatmoko, and L. P. James. "Bulagidun prospect: a copper, gold and tourmaline bearing porphyry and breccia system in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 50, no. 1-3 (March 1994): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(94)90027-2.

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Yablonskaya, Daria, Tatiana Lubkova, Tatiana Shestakova, and Natalia Strilchuk. "Prediction of drainage water chemistry by experimental data (on the example of the Nakhodka porphyry copper prospect, Western Chukotka, Russia)." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 09034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199809034.

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Prediction of drainage water chemistry is a critical part of mine planning; particularly water and mine waste management. This study investigates a potential composition of drainage water for various storage times of sulphide-bearing geological materials by experimental data. The paper presents the results of Short-Term Leach tests and Humidity Cell tests for geological materials of the Nakhodka porphyry copper ore field, the Baimka ore trend (Western Chukotka, Russia). The results obtained can be used to forecast of wastewater composition as well at the initial stage of storage of sulphide-bearing geological materials as over the long-term.

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Verdiansyah, Okki, Arifudin Idrus, Lucas Donny Setijadji, Bronto Sutopo, and I. Gde Sukadana. "VEINS SYSTEM AND THEIR MINERALOGICAL AND MICROTHERMOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE HUMPA LEU EAST PORPHYRY COPPER-GOLD MINERALIZATION AT HU'U DISTRICT, SUMBAWA ISLAND, INDONESIA." Jurnal Teknologi 84, no. 5 (July 26, 2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.17906.

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The study area, i.e Humpa Leu East is a porphyry prospect located in Hu'u district, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. This study is aimed to understand the characteristics of veins, the distribution of veins and mineralogy, microthermometric conditions of ore fluids, distribution of elements, and their implications for exploration and deposit model. The Hu'u district is a paleo-volcano member of the Miocene to Plio-pleistocene volcanic rocks. Hydrothermal alteration evolved to get out from the tonalitic body, consists of potassic, propyllitic and overprinted by phyllic and advanced argillic. The mineralization is dominated by chalcopyrite, associated with quartz±anhydrite veins, and hydrothermal breccia. Hydrothermal fluids temperature measured at the value of 109.9 °C - 525.3 °C and > 550 ° C with an averaging range of Th is 296.5 -329.7 °C, and salinity of 10.9 wt% NaCl eq. Quartz veins occur as a package or series of porphyry type veins designated as EDM-M1-A1, A2-A3-Apsb-anh, A3-A2, M2-Apsb-A2-A3, M1-B-C, C-D-anhydrite, and epithermal veins. Hydrothermal fluids possibly have mixed by high-temperature hyper-saline fluids to medium temperature low saline fluids. The Humpa Leu East can be identified as a 'push-up porphyry system' that still remains more extensive system underneath or in the side area. These results can be used for understanding the texture of veins as a vectoring to ore, metal distribution in veins and rocks. Early type veins such as type A have more intensive metal content and are followed by type B, C and weaken until the latest stage.

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Ayati, F., F. Yavuz, M. Noghreyan, H. A. Haroni, and R. Yavuz. "Chemical characteristics and composition of hydrothermal biotite from the Dalli porphyry copper prospect, Arak, central province of Iran." Mineralogy and Petrology 94, no. 1-2 (May 7, 2008): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-008-0006-5.

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Yusupova, A. V., I. A. Baksheev, and N. N. Koshlyakova. "Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of the prospects at the northern flank of the Baimka ore zone, Western Chukotka." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration 63, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-4-62-72.

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Background. Some papers describing the deposits and prospects in the Baimka ore zone (Baimka Trend), the Chukotka Autonomous Region have been recently published. It should be noted that those publications concern with the large Peschanka porphyry copper-molybdenum-gold deposit and Nakhodka ore field. At the same time, some copper prospects were found at the zone flanks and their nature is not clear. There are no data available in the literature that would clarify the mineralogy of hydrothermal alteration and ores at those prospects, including Top and Luchik located at the northern flank. To understand the nature of these prospects, we studied in depth mineralogy of hydrothermal alteration and ores.Aim. This study aims to describe mineralogy of metasomatic rocks and ores from the Top and Luchik prospects in the northern part of the Baimka zone, Western Chukotka.Materials and methods. Several dozen polished thin sections were microscopic studied at the Department of Mineralogy of Moscow State University using an optical microscope. The chemical composition of minerals was determined using electron microprobe at the Laboratory of Analytical Techniques of High Spatial Resolution, Department of Petrology and Volcanology, Moscow State University.Results. It was found that propylitic is the major hydrothermal alteration at the prospects studied here. Metasomatic rocks are cut by mineralized quartz and carbonate-quartz veins. Chalcopyrite and pyrite are the major ore minerals; galena, sphalerite, pyrite enriched in As and Sb, and marcasite are minor; Hg-bearing tetrahedrite-(Zn), native gold with the fineness of ~830, petzite, hessite, and acanthite are rare.Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that mineralization at the Top and Luchik prospect is attributed to the epithermal intermediate sulfidation type. Considering the occurrence of the epithermal mineralization in the upper part of the hydrothermal column and the porphyry mineralization in the Baimka zone, the porphyry mineralization is possible at depth at the Top and Luchik prospects.

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Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., M. H. Karimpour, and C. R. Stern. "The Khopik porphyry copper prospect, Lut Block, Eastern Iran: Geology, alteration and mineralization, fluid inclusion, and oxygen isotope studies." Ore Geology Reviews 65 (March 2015): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.04.015.

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Uribe-Mogollon, Camilo, and Kierran Maher. "White Mica Geochemistry: Discriminating Between Barren and Mineralized Porphyry Systems." Economic Geology 115, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4706.

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Abstract The Grasshopper prospect, located 23 km west-southwest from Dillon, Montana, presents exposed zones of phyllic alteration assemblages comprising the early and late phyllic styles. The mineral chemistry of white micas from both phyllic alteration zones was evaluated by short-wave infrared spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The early phyllic expression consists of white to green micas characterized by longer Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,204–2,210 nm), whereas the late phyllic phase contains white micas with shorter Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2,197–2,204 nm). Correlation with electron microprobe data found that the Tschermak substitution in the white micas is mainly controlled by Mg concentrations. Based on LA-ICP-MS data, higher Mn and Sr concentrations characterize white micas from the early phyllic alteration, whereas higher concentrations of B, Ba, Cr, Cs, Cu, Li, Rb, Sc, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, and W are present in white micas from the late phyllic style. Systematic zoning patterns of trace element concentrations in white micas from the early and late phyllic alteration styles were confirmed at Grasshopper. In general, increasing trends toward the center of the system were observed in V, Cu, Sc, Sn, W, and Zn, whereas increasing trends outward from the hydrothermal center were reported in Li and Cs. Comparison of the trace element concentrations of white micas from the early phyllic style from the barren system of Grasshopper and the mineralized system of Copper Cliff indicates significant differences in Zn, Cr, B, Tl, Sn, and Cs. Therefore, we propose a preliminary discrimination (Zn + Cr + B vs. Tl + Sn + Cs) plot that can be used to differentiate white micas from the early phyllic alteration among mineralized and weakly to unmineralized systems.

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Manalo, P. C., C. B. Dimalanta, B. R. B. Villaplaza, W. W. Brown, and G. P. Yumul. "Magnetic Exploration of Structurally Controlled Mineralization at Low Latitudes: A Case from the Masara Gold District, Mindanao, Philippines." Economic Geology 112, no. 7 (November 1, 2017): 1807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2017.4530.

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Abstract Magnetic data transformations are applied to the high-resolution magnetic data from the Masara gold district in the southern Philippines to enhance features related to a porphyry copper prospect and epithermal gold deposit. Using several filtering methods and structural mapping techniques, we were able to highlight the signal coming from a shallow chlorite-sericite alteration zone. Although the epithermal veins are mainly composed of nonmagnetic minerals, calculation of the tilt derivative of the magnetic grid revealed linear features that are coincident with the surface projection of the gold-bearing veins. Furthermore, dip directions of the magnetic sources were determined using Euler deconvolution, and they were found to coincide with the dip directions of the veins as determined by structural measurements at different underground levels. Aside from showing the utility of the magnetic methods in epithermal gold deposit exploration, this study also demonstrates that challenges of processing and interpreting magnetic anomalies in areas near the equator can be overcome. This research outlines a processing workflow that can be adopted for further investigation of other mineralized areas.

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González, Elías, Shoji Kojima, Yoshihiko Ichii, Takayuki Tanaka, Yoshikazu Fujimoto, and Takeyuki Ogata. "Silician Magnetite from the Copiapó Nordeste Prospect of Northern Chile and Its Implication for Ore-Forming Conditions of Iron Oxide–Copper–Gold Deposits." Minerals 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110529.

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Silica-bearing magnetite was recognized in the Copiapó Nordeste prospect as the first documented occurrence in Chilean iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. The SiO2-rich magnetite termed silician magnetite occurs in early calcic to potassic alteration zones as orderly oscillatory layers in polyhedral magnetite and as isolated discrete grains, displaying perceptible optical differences in color and reflectance compared to normal magnetite. Micro-X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analyses reveal that silician magnetite has a significant SiO2 content with small amounts of other “impure” components, such as Al2O3, CaO, MgO, TiO2, and MnO. The oscillatory-zoned magnetite is generally enriched in SiO2 (up to 7.5 wt %) compared to the discrete grains. The formation of silician magnetite is explained by the exchange reactions between 2Fe (III) and Si (IV) + Fe (II), with the subordinate reactions between Fe (III) and Al (III) and between 2Fe (II) and Ca (II) + Mg (II). Silician magnetite with high concentrations of SiO2 (3.8–8.9 wt %) was similarly noted in intrusion-related magmatic–hydrothermal deposits including porphyry- and skarn-type deposits. This characteristic suggests that a hydrothermal system of relatively high-temperature and hypersaline fluids could be a substantial factor in the formation of silician magnetite with high SiO2 contents.

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Gabo-Ratio, J. A. S., K. D. Jabagat, O. B. Soberano, K. Yonezu, and Y. H. Lee. "Geochemistry and geochronology of intrusive units in the Suyoc epithermal deposit: Constraints on magma fertility in the Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012021.

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Abstract The Mankayan Mineral District in northern Luzon, Philippines is host to world-class Cu-Au hydrothermal deposits such as the Far Southeast porphyry copper deposit and the Lepanto, Victoria, and Teresa epithermal deposits. It also hosts the Suyoc epithermal prospect in the southern portion of the district. This study focuses on the petrography, whole rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry and U-Pb dating of the three massive batholitic intrusive units (gabbro-diabase basement, tonalite-granodiorite, and hornblende quartz diorite) in Suyoc. U-Pb dating results reveal that the tonalite is Late Eocene in age (37.20 ± 4.70 Ma), while the hornblende quartz diorite was dated 3.18 ± 0.77 Ma (Middle Pliocene). The gabbro-diabase exhibits tholeiitic signature while the tonalite-granodiorite and hornblende quartz diorite are calc-alkaline. Trace element plots for the three host rocks indicate formation in a subduction setting. Furthermore, discrimination diagrams point to an adakitic character for the younger hornblende quartz diorite and typical arc rock signatures for the older gabbro and tonalite-granodiorite. The results indicate that hydrothermal mineralization is attributed to the hornblende quartz diorite, which coincides with the Pliocene mineralization recognized in the Mankayan Mineral District.

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Khammar, Fereshteh, Shahab Alborzian Joonaghani, Leila Jan Abadi, Mohammad Boomeri, and David R. Lentz. "Investigation of geochemical characteristics and hydrothermal alteration zone mapping supported by remote sensing of a porphyry-copper prospect, southeastern Iran: integrated applications to exploration." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, July 13, 2022, geochem2022–014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem2022-014.

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This exploration methodology case study is situated along the Sistan Suture Zone where the granitoid suite is a mantle-derived multiphase intrusive complex. One of the characteristics of this region is the presence of large areas of sulfide-bearing, quartz-rich stockwork and pyritic veins. Geochemical findings show it is limited to the calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series intrusions and is associated with a volcanic arc (I-type) formed within an active continental margin subduction setting. The associated intrusive complex has characteristics consistent with Cu productive porphyries, supported by high K-adakitic Sr/Y, La/Yb, Y, and Al2O3/TiO2 geochemical signatures. The stockwork mineralization includes the hypogene (chalcopyrite and bornite), with locally superimposed supergene (covellite, malachite, goethite, and hematite) zones. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images (visible-near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands) and Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) algorithm, enable identification of each hydrothermal alteration type, especially where pictures were innovatively classified by a concentration-number (C-N) fractal method. Four alteration types are evident, i.e. phyllic, argillic, and propylitic, as well as secondary (supergene) jarositethat are associated with gossans, which are an indicator of the hypogene pyritic shell. The propylitic alteration envelopes the phyllic and argillic varieties, forming a belt around the pyritic shell; alteration assemblages were confirmed by XRD analysis. Finally, all results show a mineralization-alteration pattern within this case study region that is similar to those of known porphyry copper and associated molybdenum- and gold-bearing systems in this region of Iran and worldwide.

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Majumdar, Dilip, Abhijit Gogoi, Arundhuti Ghatak, Angana Saikia, Nilotpol Bhuyan, and Perumala V. Sunder Raju. "Geochemistry and magnetite mineral properties in a porphyry copper prospect in A‐type granitoids: A case study from the Karbi Hills of Northeast India." Geological Journal, August 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4577.

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Henry, Dermot A., and William D. Birch. "The Wombat Hole Prospect, Benambra, Victoria, Australia: a Cu–Bi–(Te) exoskarn with unusual supergene mineralogy." Mineralogical Magazine, January 28, 2022, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2022.11.

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Abstract The Wombat Hole Prospect is a small copper–bismuth–(tellurium) exoskarn cropping out in the Morass Creek gorge, near Benambra, in eastern Victoria, Australia. Its main primary sulfide constituent is bornite in a grossular‒vesuvianite matrix. The skarn formed in a megaclast of Lower Silurian limestone from metal-bearing fluids accompanying the high-level emplacement of the Late Silurian–Lower Devonian Silver Flat Porphyry. Though the primary bornite mineralisation has been nearly obliterated by weathering, there are small relict patches containing exsolved grains of wittichenite (Cu3BiS3) and chalcopyrite, as well as inclusions of bismuth tellurides in the tetradymite group, namely sulphotsumoite (Bi3Te2S) and hedleyite (Bi7Te3). Joséite-A (Bi4TeS2), a mineral with a formula Bi3(Te,S)4, several unnamed Cu–Bi‒Te phases and minute grains of native bismuth have also been detected. Pervasive veining by chrysocolla throughout the garnet‒vesuvianite host contains a range of unusual secondary bismuth minerals that have crystallised at various times. These include mrázekite, namibite, pucherite, schumacherite and eulytine. Other secondary minerals present include wulfenite, bismutite, azurite, malachite and a poorly-crystalline bismuth oxide containing several weight percent tellurium. Rare grains of gold (electrum) containing up to 23 wt.% Ag are also present. The assemblage of grossular–vesuvianite with minor diopside is indicative of formation in a low- ${\rm X}_{{\rm C}{\rm O}_ 2}$ environment under fluid-buffered conditions. A temperature range between ~650°C and as low as ~150°C can be estimated from the exsolution of wittichenite and chalcopyrite from the bornite. The tetradymite-group inclusions formed first under low values of $f_{{\rm S}_ 2}$ / $f_{{\rm T}{\rm e}_ 2}$ , with bornite crystallising as values increased. The primary Cu‒Bi‒Te mineralogy and the unusual secondary mineral assemblage makes the Wombat Hole skarn unique in southeastern Australia. The deposit provides scope for studying the mobility of elements such as Bi and Te over short distances during weathering of hypogene ore minerals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coalstoun Porphyry Copper Prospect'

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