Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coal trade – Italy – History

Academic literature on the topic 'Coal trade – Italy – History'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal trade – Italy – History"

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Rehman, Scheherazade. "The Future of the European Union." Global Economy Journal 15, no. 2 (July 2015): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0028.

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The European Union (EU) currently comprised of 28 countries is heralded as the single most ambitious voluntary supra-national economic, trade and monetary arrangement in recent modern history. The initial impetus of this arrangement began in 1951 with The Coal and Steel Union amongst Germany, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, and Italy and it continues to evolve today. The most ambitious part of this arrangement is the economic and monetary union (EMU) of 19 EU members countries called the Eurozone. This grand experiment has recently faced its biggest stress test with a double dip recession – the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2010+ European sovereign debt crisis. While many experts focused on the lack of fiscal union to resolve the Eurozone’s current problems, the issues are more complex. Systemic risk in Eurozone originates in part from three principal areas: political issues, lack of a fiscal discipline enforcement mechanism, and market failure.
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Kupchyk, O. "ITALY IN THE FOREIGN TRADE OF SOVIET UKRAINE, 1921-1923." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 141 (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.141.3.

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The circumstances under which the Soviet Ukraine established trade relations with the Kingdom of Italy in the early 1920s are revealed. The contractual basis, organizational forms of trade activity of Soviet Ukraine in Italy have been clarified. Persons of sales representatives were established (V. Vorovskyi, A. Feinstein). The role of the Ukrainian SSR Trade Representation in Rome in the foreign trade activities of Soviet Ukraine is revealed. The place of the Italian market in export and import operations of Soviet Ukraine has been determined. After studying national historiography, it was found that the trade relations of the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s with the Kingdom of Italy were not the subject of scientific study in contemporary Ukrainian historians. In turn, it was found that in trying to forge trade relations with Italy, the Ukrainian adviser noted that she sought to rebuild the international influence, lost after the First World War through Great Britain and France. It was informed that after the conclusion of the Preliminary Trade Agreement on December 26, 1921, Soviet Ukraine and Italy exchanged trade representatives. The duties of Soviet Ukraine’s sales representative in Italy were first performed by Russian Trade Representative V. Vorovskyi and then by Russian Trade Representative A. Feinstein. There were 5 people employed in the Ukrainian SSR’s sales office in Italy. They thoroughly explored the Italian markets (Genoa, Milan, Roman). The article shows the interest of Italian traders in Ukrainian timber, coal, scrap metal, linen cake. It is noted that the sales representatives of Soviet Ukraine initially studied the possibility of selling on the Italian market of guts, skin, horse hair, wool. They then explored the possibility of selling cattle, wheat, barley, corn, caustic soda and soda ash. It was noted that together with Russian and Italian traders the Russian-Italian Trading Company was created, which had the task not only for export-import of goods, but also for obtaining concessions by the Italian entrepreneurs in Ukraine. It has been reported that Italian workers sent food aid (sowing grain) to Ukraine for the money raised.
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Rovelli, Alessia. "Coins and trade in early medieval Italy." Early Medieval Europe 17, no. 1 (December 17, 2008): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00244.x.

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Alfani, Guido. "Trade and industry in early modern Italy." Business History 52, no. 5 (August 2010): 860–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2010.500174.

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Guérin, Sarah M. "Forgotten Routes? Italy, Ifrīqiya and the Trans-Saharan Ivory Trade." Al-Masāq 25, no. 1 (April 2013): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2013.767012.

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Epstein, Steven A., and Gunnar Dahl. "Trade, Trust and Networks: Commercial Culture in Late Medieval Italy." American Historical Review 104, no. 3 (June 1999): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651110.

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Carreras-Marín, Anna, and Marc Badia-Miró. "La fiabilidad de la asignación geográfica en las estadísticas de comercio exterior: América Latina y el Caribe (1908–1930)." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 26, no. 3 (2008): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900000380.

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AbstractThe statistical accuracy of Historical Foreign Trade Sources has been stated by Federico and Tena (1991) and Tena (1985, 19991 y 1992). This article follows his works in the most suspect field: geographical distribution. We have use Latin American Coal Trade Data among 1908–1930. Most international trade, considering weight, was coal trade; meanwhile it is an ideal product to isolate geographical effects. Statistical disagreements persistence makes us to think this is not a random phenomenon. We have specified an econometric model based on distance. Results show that including geography we can understand statistical disagreements. As a consequence Latin American Sources appear reasonably accurate, considering its geographical pattern.
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FUSARO, MARIA. "Trade and industry in early modern Italy - By Domenico Sella." Economic History Review 63, no. 4 (October 11, 2010): 1185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00551_17.x.

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Koren, Elisabeth S. "The coal trade surplus and merchant seafarers in British-Norwegian relations during the First World War." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 3 (August 2021): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211037675.

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During the First World War, more than 800 Norwegian ships were sunk by hostile action, with a loss of about 2,100 seafarers. The Norwegian merchant fleet was extremely important for Norway's economy and for securing the import of vital goods. In addition, Britain and her allies needed goods carried in Norwegian merchant ships, such as coal shipped across the Channel to France. This article examines the relationship between Britain and Norway during the war, concentrating on the roles of two important resources, coal and maritime labour. The first part of the article outlines the wartime Anglo-Norwegian relationship. Negotiations around the so-called ‘coal trade surplus’, and how the surplus was allocated, are analysed in the second section. The coal trade surplus derived from British coal exports to Norway and was transferred from the British to the Norwegian Government in 1919. The British Ministry of Shipping, in recognition of the efforts of Norwegian seafarers, demanded that part of the surplus should be allocated to their well-being and to a memorial for the Norwegian merchant seafarers who had perished during the war.
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Dietz, B. "The North-East Coal Trade, 1550–1750: Measures, Markets And The Metropolis." Northern History 22, no. 1 (January 1986): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/007817286790616543.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal trade – Italy – History"

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Singh, Brajesh Bailey Conner. "Coal and renewable energy history, impacts, and future in Alabama /." Auburn, Ala., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2041.

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Jones, C. L. "Industrial relations in the Northumberland and Durham coal industry : 1825 - 1845." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353592.

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The prime aim of this work is to examine the industrial relations of the Northumberland and Durham Coal Industry in the period 1825 - 1845. In order to do so comprehensively several different themes are examined. The North-eastern coalfield had a history of m~n~ng enterprises dating back to monastic and other medieval ecclesiastical ventures. It had witnessed expansion and development under the monopolistic Grand Alliance of aristocratic owners in the eighteenth-century. And in the second quarter of the nineteenth-century it presented a multifaceted pattern of ownership varying from some of the largest territorial magnates in the two counties to partnership~composedof representatives of the mercantile, industrial, professional and squirearchic elites of the area. The regularly-expanding labour force was initially composed of a localised aristocracy of skilled labour, who developed strong bonds of occupational solidarity, loyalty and craft-pride. They also had a strong sense of occupational status. Attitudes and beliefs developed within the workplac~ pervaded community relationships and structures) and gave them a cohesive and essentially insular character in which local traditions and folk-lore and bucolic leisure activities continued to predominate. The pitmen had a history of combination and industrial action dating back to the mid-eighteenth-century and their trade unions were craft-orientated, moderate and community-based. Disputes reflected the men's concern with status and privileges, which from the 1820's were being threatened by the employers attempts to rationalise the production processes and reduce costs. In the period under consideration there were two major strikes (1831-2 and 1844): the second involving the national trade union, the Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland. Strikes affected the whole community and the pit populations responded with a degree of solidarity which made the enforcement of law and order difficult. The history of the pitmen's trade unions, and their relationship with the coal owners has not been considered in detail since 1923. Using newly-available source material this work will assess the situation using as its basis the pitmen's own perceptions of the situation, to provide a framework in which to analyse their relationship with the employers.
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Anderson, Ian Gareth. "Scottish trade unions and nationalisation, 1945-1955 : a case study of the coal industry." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8437/.

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This thesis contends that the historiographical boundaries and focus of labour history, political history, of policy making and nationalisation have resulted in an incomplete understanding of trade unions attitudes towards, and influence upon, post-war British economic policy. In particular, the predominant concern of labour historians with strike patterns and their causes, particularly within the coal industry, has been at the expense of other forms of trade union activity. Whilst the more general historiography of the period and that of policy making address these issues, they do not tend to do so below the peak level organisation of the TUC and of Whitehall and Westminster. This has lead to miners unions being portrayed as a somewhat monolithic organisation predominantly concerned with disputes, strike prone with poor industrial relations, but politically conservative and generally supportive of the Labour Party and Government policy. In taking a multi-level analysis, with particular emphasis on Scotland, and examining the evidence from the NUM's interaction with Government, party, National Coal Board and the industry'S conciliation and consultative machinery, this thesis argues that a more diverse pattern of trade union attitudes and influence existed. It is suggested that the TUC had a relatively minor role to play in the development of coal nationalisation policy after 1947. Furthermore, the national level of the NUM was unable to adapt fully to its new-role under nationalisation because areas such as Scotland continued to exercise considerable power and influence. In this it is demonstrated that Scotland could take a divergent attitude to the national level of the union, particularly over wages, and ultimately meet with some success. The Scottish Area of the NUM also displayed poorer industrial relations to the national and local levels. In particular, the evidence from colliery level consultation demonstrates that there was a more positive and constructive side to local union activity within the nationalised industry than the focus on disputes hitherto suggested. Therefore, this thesis concludes that there is sufficient evidence from the experience of the NUM to suggest that a more complex and diverse pattern of trade union behaviour existed between 1945 and 1955 in the nationalised coal industry. However, this pattern is not so rooted in any Scottish cultural explanation, or contradictory to existing interpretations, as to preclude its broader applicability to other areas of the coal industry or unions in other nationalised industries.
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RAMÍREZ, PÉREZ Sigfrido M. "Public policies, European integration and multinational corporations in the automobile sector : the French and Italian cases in a comparative perspective 1945-1973." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25416.

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Defence date: 21 December 2007
Examining board: Prof. Luciano Segreto, Università degli Studi di Firenze ; Prof. Patrick Fridenson, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris ; Prof. Giovanni Federico, EUI Department of History and Civilization (HEC) ; Prof. Bo Stråth (supervisor) EUI HEC/Robert Schuman Centre
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Ackers, Peter Brian Harry. "Christian brethren, union brother : a study of the relationship between religious nonconformity and trade union leadership, in the life of the coal mining deputies' official, W.T. Miller (1880-1963)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/108113.

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SUZUKI, Hitoshi. "Digging for European Unity : the role played by the trade unions in the Schuman plan and the European coal and steel community from a German perspective, 1950-1955." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10420.

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Defence date: 13 December 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Wilfried Loth (Universität Duisburg-Essen) ; Prof. Bo Stråth (EUI) ; Prof. Pascaline Winand (EUI and Monash University) ; Prof. Gérard Bossuat (Université de Cergy-Pontoise)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Olsaretti, Alessandro. "Trade, diplomacy and state formation in the early modern Mediterranean : Fakhr al-Dīn II, the Sublime Porte and the court of Tuscany." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98564.

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This thesis explores the relations between the Druze emir Fakhr al-Din II Ma'n and three successive Medici Grand Dukes between 1605 and 1633. Eschewing traditional historiographical concerns with the origins of Lebanese nationalism and the cultural encounter between East and West, I have sought first and above all to locate relations between this powerful emir and the Court of Tuscany within the broader context of Mediterranean history.
I suggest that the actions of Fakhr al-Din and of the Medici Grand Dukes have to be understood in relation to broad, long-term trends in the economic and social history of the Mediterranean. I explore two of these trends in detail: the breakdown in commercial and diplomatic relations between Florence (and then Tuscany) and the Ottoman empire during the course of the sixteenth century; the bargaining between the Porte and provincial power-holders in the Syrian provinces in the century following the Ottoman conquest.
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Bednářová, Jana. "Kolektivní vyjednávání a uplatňování zásad partipativních metod v řízení (srovnání ČR, Itálie a Řecka)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17920.

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The main aim of this tesis is the analysis of the collective bargaining process which should be helping the employees to reach better working conditions. The collective contracts from the CR will be explored to see if it this is true. Other aims are : 1. Description of the evolution of the Trade Unions in the Czech republic, Greece and Italy. 2. Description of the legal frame work and today situation of the Trade Unions in these countries. 3. Consideration of the influence of the financial crises on the collective bargaining. The tesis explores on the base of the data from the years 2008 and 2009 the influence of the financial crises on the collective bargaining in the Czech republic and explores if the salaries have economical containt and how the union members'demands change according to the general economic situation. As for the main target it tries to prove the success and necessity or its opposite of the collective bargaining in the reality of the Czech republic.
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Verschueren, Nicolas. "Fermer les mines en construisant l'Europe: une histoire sociale de l'intégration européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210001.

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Cette recherche a pour ambition de contribuer aux études sur l’histoire sociale de la construction européenne. En prenant pour point d’appui le cas de l’industrie charbonnière, il a été possible de mettre en évidence une tentative de préservation et de prolongement des politiques sociales d’après-guerre à l’intérieur de la Communauté. Les débats sur le logement ouvrier, les discussions paritaires et la tentative d’instauration d’un statut européen du mineur reflètent cette continuité entre les niveaux nationaux et européens. L’échec de politiques sociales d’envergure sonnait le glas d’un élan initié par quelques syndicalistes et militants européens pour un approfondissement de l’Europe sociale dont l’expression commençait à prendre consistance. La crise charbonnière de 1958 allait transformer les politiques de la Haute Autorité où la réponse aux crises régionales prenait une place majeure. En ce sens, la reconversion du Borinage était le premier test social d’envergure pour le maintien du consensus politique d’après-guerre. Malgré les mesures nationales et européennes pour la relance économique du bassin borain, aucune industrie n’est parvenue à remplacer les fosses tant du point de vue économique qu’identitaire. Les conflits sociaux apparus dans les années 1970 ont alors mis en lumière les transformations sociales et culturelles du Borinage en reconversion.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Khoojinian, Mazyar. "L'immigration, une main-d'oeuvre d'appoint temporaire? Marché du travail, politiques étatiques et trajectoires des travailleurs turcs recrutés pour l'industrie charbonnière belge, 1956-1980." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209171.

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L’objet principal de cette thèse porte sur l’immigration turque dans l’industrie charbonnière belge dans une séquence historique qui débute en 1956, année de la catastrophe du Bois-du-Cazier à Marcinelle (262 morts), de l’arrêt définitif de tout recrutement au départ de l’Italie pour ce secteur d’activité réputé pour sa dangerosité, de l’extension des bassins de prospection de l’industrie minière et de ses premières tentatives de recrutement en Turquie, et s’achève en 1980, année du rétablissement par les Etats membres du Benelux de l’obligation du visa d’entrée touristique pour les ressortissants turcs au lendemain de l’avènement d’un nouveau régime militaire en Turquie, annonciateur d’un nouvel afflux migratoire conséquent.

Plus largement, la thèse interroge la pertinence du postulat qui veut que les politiques migratoires conçues et mises en oeuvre par les pouvoirs publics, au cours des Golden Sixties, aient considéré les travailleurs migrants comme une main-d’oeuvre d’appoint temporaire.

La première partie de la thèse, qui porte sur la genèse de la politique d’immigration belge entre 1830 et 1960, recadre l’histoire de l’immigration turque dans l’industrie houillère belge et des politiques mises en oeuvre à son intention dans le contexte du double processus d’étatisation et de nationalisation des politiques migratoires au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles.

La seconde partie retrace la configuration des chaînes d’interdépendances qui relient les trajectoires migratoires des travailleurs migrants turcs recrutés par l’industrie charbonnière belge dans les années 1960 et 1970 aux dispositifs générés, séparément ou conjointement, par l’Etat belge, l’Etat turc, l’industrie charbonnière, les organisations syndicales et les services, associations et autres collectifs d’accueil et d’aide aux migrants pour organiser, stabiliser et intégrer cette immigration turque dans les régions minières du pays.

La troisième partie interroge le devenir de cette immigration turque au moment où les fermetures de charbonnages se succèdent et que de nouveaux besoins en main-d’oeuvre se font sentir dans les dernières sociétés charbonnières encore en activité. Elle esquisse en parallèle le processus d’étatisation des politiques d’intégration jusque-là principalement prises en charge par les modes de gestion paternalistes de l’industrie charbonnière.

Cette thèse aborde également, mais dans une moindre mesure, l’immigration originaire de Turquie avant 1960 et l’immigration turque qui se développe au cours des années 1960 et 1970, en marge de celle organisée en faveur de l’industrie charbonnière, à destination d’autres régions et secteurs d’activité du pays (Bruxelles, Anvers, Gand, Ardennes, etc.).

Son angle d’approche dépasse par ailleurs la seule immigration turque en Belgique et la seule politique migratoire belge. Elle s’intéresse ainsi, à travers des analyses comparées, au cas de l’immigration marocaine, qui lui est contemporain, ou encore à la politique migratoire néerlandaise, à l’origine d’un phénomène de désertion massive de l’industrie houillère belge par les ouvriers mineurs turcs.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Books on the topic "Coal trade – Italy – History"

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Simeon, Dilip. Coal and colonialism: An exploratory essay on the history of Indian coal. New Delhi: Centre for Contemporary Studies, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, 1998.

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K, Srivastava A. Coal mining industry in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1988.

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Coal and the state. North Ryde, NSW: Methuen Australia, 1987.

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Zheng xie Jiangxi Sheng wen shi zi liao yan jiu wei yuan hui. Pingxiang mei tan fa zhan shi lue. Pingxiang: Jiangxi Sheng zheng xie wen shi zi liao yan jiu wei yuan hui, Pingxiang Shi zheng xie wen shi zi liao yan jiu wei yuan hui, 1987.

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Hillman, John. A history of British coal preparation. Worksop: Minerals Engineering Society, 2003.

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A, Church Roy, and Economic History Society, eds. The Coal and iron industries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.

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Nanao, Kazuaki. Tankō tarō ga kita michi: Chika ni nemuru kindai Nihon no kioku. Tōkyō: Sōshisha, 2009.

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Phimister, I. R. Wangi Kolia: Coal, capital, and labour in colonial Zimbabwe, 1894-1954. Harare: Baobab Books, 1994.

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Some notes on the coal industry in Hamilton. Hamilton: Bell College, 1985.

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Liaoning sheng zhi: JWu zi zhi. Shenyang Shi: Liaoning ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal trade – Italy – History"

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Strangio, Donatella. "China: Politics, History and Economy." In Italy-China Trade Relations, 9–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39084-6_2.

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Ito, Kanna. "The IMF and Italy: Trade Liberalization and Return to Convertibility." In History of the IMF, 185–206. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55351-9_9.

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Peano, Irene. "“New Slavery”, Modern Marronage and the Multiple Afterlives of Plantations in Contemporary Italy." In Global Plantations in the Modern World, 285–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08537-6_11.

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AbstractWith reference to the Italian agribusiness sector, this chapter probes the specters of “the plantation” as the (ob)scene of discourses on “modern slavery,” and traces alternative genealogies of the current organization and representation of migrant farm labor. The history of the transatlantic trade and the New-World plantation has a prominent presence in this field of representation. But multiple, geographically and temporally heterogeneous plantation pasts and specters of enslavement haunt contemporary agribusiness districts, the slums and labor camps which punctuate them, and their patterns of labor management, in different and even contradictory ways. “The plantation” and “slavery” as its principle of organization may be evoked in diminishing or oppressive terms that work as a distancing mechanism to occlude subjectivities and struggles. At the same time, redemptive and oppositional conjurings of the New-World plantation emerge from the coinage of the notion of a “Black Mediterranean” as a redemptive parallel to the “Black Atlantic,” and in workers’ myriad references to practices and cultures of marronage first developed in cross-Atlantic exchanges. Yet, other scenes, recursive patterns, localized geographies and buried genealogies are shown to be equally crucial to understand contemporary forms of extraction, containment and racialization, and for truly abolitionist struggles.
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Hatcher, John. "Measuring the Coal Trade." In The History of the British Coal Industry: Volume 1: Before 1700, 483–507. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198282822.003.0014.

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Krueger, Anne O. "The EU and Brexit." In International Trade. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0015.

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How was the EU formed? The European Union (EU) started out as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) with six member nations (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands). The underlying motive for forming the ESC and for subsequent economic integration was...
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D'Angelo, Michela, and M. Elisabetta Tonizzi. "Recent Maritime Historiography on Italy." In New Directions in Mediterranean Maritime History. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007381.003.0004.

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This chapter presents and offers analysis of the maritime historiography of Italy. It is divided into two parts, the first concerning the Italian States before Unification, and the second concerning post-Unification Italy. Specific topics discussed include ports, trade, and navigation; ships, shipbuilding, and transports; maritime protectionism; port-policies; shipping-related institutions; sailors, fishermen, and yachtsmen; and naval history. The conclusion claims that research into Italian maritime history contains several gaps, and that the focus of maritime studies is often local rather than national or international, but that significant progress is currently underway within the field.
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Williams, David M., and Andrew P. White. "Shipping and Trade, Cargo Trades." In A Select Bibliography of British and Irish University Theses about Maritime History, 1792-1990. Liverpool University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780969588504.003.0004.

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Hatcher, John. "The Organization of the East Coast Trade." In The History of the British Coal Industry: Volume 1: Before 1700, 508–46. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198282822.003.0015.

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Rech, Walter. "International Law as a Political Language, 1600–1859." In A History of International Law in Italy, 48–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842934.003.0003.

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By illustrating the history of Italian international law from the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, this chapter explores the question of whether and to what extent this period may have been characterized by a genuinely Italian ‘tradition’ or approach to international legal issues. The chapter questions the notion of a monolithic Italian tradition in international law and shows that the commonality of topics and interests among Italian lawyers can best be read as part of broader trends in the European ‘law of nations’. Although they were concerned with nationally important matters such as maritime trade, the sovereignty of smaller polities and the relationship between State and church, Italian lawyers constantly defended their claims by resorting to the common European vocabulary of the ius naturae and ius gentium.
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Catterall, Stephen, and Keith Gildart. "Outsiders: Trade Union Responses to Polish and Italian Coal Miners in Two British Coalfields, 1945–54." In Towards a Comparative History of Coalfield Societies, 164–76. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315235936-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coal trade – Italy – History"

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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, and Jelena Vapa Tankosić. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.

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The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republic of Serbia. The findings show that the international travel for personal purposes has achieved the greatest value over the years, the second place is taken by travel for business purposes, whereas education-related travel achieved the third place. Exported and imported values of the category Travel, Personal and Travel, Business has the highest value of exports and imports from Serbia to European Union (EU 28), with Germany, Greece, Austria and Italy having the highest flows of exported and imported values. In 2020 Asia and the Pacific, was the region to suffer the hardest impact of Covid-19. On the second place there is Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa and the Middle East.
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Carr, Matthew A. "The Impact of Steam Innovations on Ship Design: An Abbreviated History of Marine Engineering." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43767.

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The adaptation of steam engines for marine propulsion caused a dramatic shift in naval and commericial ship design during the 19th Century. The transition from sail to steam hastened the demise of several classes of ships and altered shippings routes from the trade winds to great circle routing. The conduct of naval warfare was always influenced by the limits of available propulsion technology. Throughout maritime history, innovative naval commanders sought ways to overrun, outmaneuver, and outlast their opponents. Coincident developments in armaments and armor, facilitated by this “new” propulsion technology, rendered the world’s sailing navies largely obsolete within a relatively brief period of the 19th Century. This presentation highlights the major technological advances in steam propulsion from the early combination of low-speed single-acting reciprocating engines driving paddle wheels through high-speed turbines and reduction gears driving multiple-blade variable-pitch propellers; and, boilers heated by hand-fed wood and coal through nuclear fission.
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