Journal articles: 'Coal trade Australia Finance'

1

Swan, Anthony, Sally Thorpe, and Lindsay Hogan. "Australia–Japan coking coal trade." Resources Policy 25, no. 1 (March 1999): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(99)00004-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sharma, Prakash, Benjamin Gallagher, and Jonathan Sultoon. "Green pivot: can Australia master the hydrogen trade?" APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20120.

Full text

Abstract:

Australia is in a bind. It is at the heart of the pivot to clean energy: it contains some of the world’s best solar irradiance and vast potential for large-scale carbon capture and storage; it showed the world the path forward with its stationary storage flexibility at the much vaunted Hornsdale power reserve facility; and it moved quickly to capitalise on low-carbon hydrogen production. Yet it remains one of the largest sources for carbon-intensive energy exports in the world. The extractive industries are still delivering thermal coal for power generation and metallurgical coal for carbon-intensive steel making in Asian markets. Even liquefied natural gas’s green credentials are being questioned. Are these two pathways compatible? The treasury and economy certainly benefit. But there is a huge opportunity to redress the source of those funds and jobs, while fulfilling the aspirations to reach net zero emissions by 2050. In our estimates, the low-carbon hydrogen economy could grow to become so substantial that 15% of all energy may be ultimately ‘carried’ by hydrogen by 2050. It is certainly needed to keep the world from breaching 2°C. Can Australia master the hydrogen trade? It is believed that it has a very good chance. Blessed with first-mover investment advantage, and tremendous solar and wind resourcing, Australia is already on a pathway to become a producer of green hydrogen below US$2/kg by 2030. How might it then construct a supply chain to compete in the international market with established trading partners and end users ready to renew old acquaintances? Its route is assessed to mastery of the hydrogen trade, analyse critical competitors for end use and compare costs with other exporters of hydrogen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Xiang, Hongjin, Yanxiang Kuang, and Chenhua Li. "Impact of the China–Australia FTA on global coal production and trade." Journal of Policy Modeling 39, no. 1 (January 2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.01.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Beeson, Mark. "Australia-Japan Trade Relations: The Coal Industry as a Case in Point." Australian Quarterly 67, no. 3 (1995): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635828.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gower, Luke. "In Reply: Defeatism or Realpolitik? The Australia-Japan Coal Trade Once More." AQ: Australian Quarterly 70, no. 1 (1998): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20637711.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Findeis, Jill L., and James S. Shortle. "Trade-offs Between Severance Tax Revenues and Coal Mining Employment." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 14, no. 2 (October 1985): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00000970.

Full text

Abstract:

A severance tax can provide local jurisdictions with additional revenues to finance economic development, yet the imposition of a tax may create coal industry employment losses. This research analyzes this issue by examining the demand for Pennsylvania steam coal, providing estimates of the unconditional own price elasticities of demand for coal in each of two demand regions. These estimates in conjunction with labor/output coefficient estimates are used to determine the extent to which coal employment in a region already witnessing slow mining industry growth will be negatively affected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

King, Michael. "Policing the illicit trade of tobacco in Australia." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2017-0121.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have led to the rebirthing of the illicit cultivation of tobacco in Australia known as chop-chop. Limited research has been conducted on the Commonwealth policing of tobacco-related criminal activity, but no prior studies have investigated domestic cultivation since the tobacco farming ceased legal production. Design/methodology/approach To fill the void of the literature, this study used data collected from Australian Government publications, court cases and newspapers to develop an understanding of the financial aspects and policing of the rebirth of chop-chop. Newspaper articles for a range of publications for a two-year period were used to examine policing efforts to disrupt criminals engaged in domestic cultivation of tobacco. Findings As tobacco was first legally grown in Australia, authorities have always faced the problems associated with the illicit cultivation of tobacco. Findings indicate that as a result of the increased number of successful interception of illicit tobacco at the border, the domestic cultivation of chop-chop is growing as criminal enterprises find alternative means to fund their activities. Originality/value The paper improves upon a neglected topic by offering a current contribution to a topic looking at the illicit tobacco, chop-chop trade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bandara, Jayatilleke S., and Christine Smith. "Trade Policy Reforms in South Asia and Australia-South Asia Trade: Intensities and Complementarities." South Asia Economic Journal 3, no. 2 (September 2002): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/139156140200300204.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Siriwardana, Mahinda. "The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement: An economic evaluation." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 18, no. 1 (February 2007): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2006.07.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Truby, Jon, Andrew Dahdal, and Oriol Caudevilla. "Global Blockchain-Based Trade Finance Solutions: Analysis of Governance Models and Impact on Local Laws in Six Jurisdictions." Global Journal of Comparative Law 11, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-11020001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Despite the economic importance of trade finance in commercial trade, the fundamentals of trade finance have not dramatically changed for centuries. Most of the transactions continue to be largely paper-based and counterparties still face many of the same risks, obstacles and challenges they did when the Spanish empire ruled the seas. The use of blockchain can address many of these inefficiencies and reduce the friction encountered by sme s using trade finance arrangements to access global markets. This article sets out the main advantages of using blockchain-based trade finance solutions in order to explore the legal developments in a cross section of six jurisdictions with differing approaches (USA, UK, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Qatar). The paper concludes that legal reforms have an important role in assisting the introduction of blockchain into trade finance. Moreover, such an introduction will greatly benefit the economic prospects of sme s seeking to reach transnational markets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Thangavelu, Shandre M., Dionisius Narjoko, and Shujiro Urata. "Impact of FTA on Trade in ASEAN and Australia Using Customs Level Data." Journal of Economic Integration 36, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2021.36.3.437.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines the impact of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) on Australian trade with a particular focus on imports from ASEAN member countries to Australia. We examine the AANZFTA’s utilization by ten ASEAN countries at the six-digit trade classification level from 2012 to 2016 using Australian customs data. We implement Ando and Urata’s (2018) and Hayakawa et al.’s (2014) framework of free trade agreement (FTA) utilization based on preferential tariff margins. We also account for overlapping FTAs that are likely to impact the AANZFTA’s utilization. The results indicate that preferential tariff margins positively impact FTA utilization. However, the results also indicate that the AANZFTA’s utilization rate across ASEAN countries is low relative to Australia’s bilateral FTAs with Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. We also find evidence that co-sharing rules of origin positively impact FTA utilization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sribna, Yevheniia, Olena Trokhymets, Ihor Nosatov, and Iryna Kriukova. "The globalization of the world coal market – contradictions and trends." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301044.

Full text

Abstract:

The article describes the global coal market as the ratio of demand and supply depending on the development of energy technologies in the historical section. The continental specificity of coal mining is given. The basic world exporters and importers of coal and their role in the sale of energy fuels are analyzed. The key coal producing countries are China, India, the USA, and Australia. The largest consumers of coal products are China, India, Japan and Korea. There are unconditional leaders in the export coal market: Indonesia and Australia. In addition, a comparison of large coal companies and their share in the world market is presented. The features of coal supplies are analyzed in accordance with international rules (Incoterms), which regulate the rights and obligations of the buyer when conducting international trade, as well as determine the moment of transfer of risks from the seller to the buyer. The following supply bases were characterized: FOB (Free On Board), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight), DAP (Delivered At Place), FCA (Free Carrier) etc. Trends in the logistics component of the global coal industry are revealed. Logistic of coal supply chains in comparison with other energy fuels and their features are disclosed. The problem of profitability of mines and their effectiveness is presented. Assessment of the environmental components of coal use in industry and energy is analyzed. It was noted that on the background of the trend to protect the environment and promote renewable energy, coal is becoming less popular in developed countries. This trend is further exacerbated by state subsidies for green energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gani, Azmat. "Some Aspects of Trade between Australia and Pacific Island Countries." World Economy 33, no. 1 (January 2010): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01189.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

BAHMANI-OSKOOEE, MOHSEN, and YONGQING WANG. "IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE UNCERTAINTY ON COMMODITY TRADE BETWEEN THE US AND AUSTRALIA*." Australian Economic Papers 47, no. 3 (September 2008): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2008.00345.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Donn, Clifford B., and G. Phelan. "Australian Maritime Unions and Flag of Convenience Vessels." Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 3 (September 1991): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300303.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to update Kingsley Laffer's 1977 Journal of Industrial Relations article on the policies of Australian trade unions with respect to flag of convenience vessels. Australian unions have supported the campaign against such vessels initiated by the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF). After detailing the process by which the maritime unions become aware of whether or not a flag of convenience vessel is operating under the conditions established by the ITF, the paper goes on to examine two disputes involving flag of convenience vessels. The first, in 1977, was a ban by the Seamen's Union of Australia on coal ships operated by Utah Development Company; the second, in 1981, was a ban by several unions on the use of flag of convenience vessels in the coal trade in New South Wales. The paper discusses these disputes and offers an evaluation of the unions' activities in the general ITF campaign.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tyabji, Amina. "BOOK REVIEWS: ASEAN-Australia Trade in Manufacturers, edited by David Lim." Southeast Asian Economies 4, no. 2 (1987): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae4-2i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Schulze, Gordon. "Carry Trade Returns and Segmented Risk Pricing." Atlantic Economic Journal 49, no. 1 (March 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-021-09698-2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe returns to carry trades are controversially discussed. There seems to be no unifying risk-based explanation of currency returns and stock returns, while the countries’ interest rate differential plays a leading part in the carry-trade performance. Therefore, this paper addresses carry-trade returns from a risk-pricing perspective and examines if these returns can be connected to cross-country differences in risk pricing in the interest-rate market compared to the stock market. Data from Thomson Reuters Datastream and Federal Reserve Economic Data covering Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States were analyzed based on GMM estimation. The results indicate significant and persistent cross-country differences in risk aversion in the interest-rate market compared to the implied risk aversion in the stock market. This may offer opportunities for risk arbitrage and, therefore, a risk pricing-related explanation of carry-trade returns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ali, Saleem H., Kamila Svobodova, Jo-Anne Everingham, and Mehmet Altingoz. "Climate Policy Paralysis in Australia: Energy Security, Energy Poverty and Jobs." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184894.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the 2020 Climate Change Performance Index, Australia was ranked as the worst-performing country on climate change policy. The country has an ambivalent record of climate policy development as well as implementation, and has been criticized for its inaction. This paper considers why the country has been locked in climate policy “paralysis” through analyzing defining attributes of such a paralysis, and the tentative connections between domestic energy policies and international trade and development. We conducted a media content analysis of 222 articles and identified media narratives in three cases of energy projects in the country involving thermal coal exports, domestic renewable energy storage, and closure of a domestic coal power station. The analysis reveals that policy paralysis in Australian climate change policy can be traced back to the countervailing arguments that have been pervasive around domestic energy security, rural employment and international energy poverty. The political establishment has struggled to develop a sustainable consensus on climate change and the citizenry remains polarized. We also discuss how a “focusing event,” such as a major natural disaster can break the impasse but this is only possible if energy security at home, energy poverty abroad and employment imperatives across the board are clearly delineated, measured and prioritized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Colley, Peter. "A Different Perspective on the Australia-Japan Coal Trade: A Response to Comments by Luke Gower in AQ." Australian Quarterly 69, no. 2 (1997): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20634777.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Komarova, A. V. "The main instruments of state regulation of the transformation of the fuel and energy balance." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (May 18, 2022): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-4-165-170.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to analyze the experience of energy transition management policies in major fossil fuel exporting countries. The change in the structure of the fuel and energy balance in Canada, Australia, Norway, as well as Russia and the EU is assessed. The main trends associated with a significant decrease in the share of coal used and an increase in the share of natural gas and renewable energy sources for all the objects under consideration are identified. The analysis of carbon regulation policy revealed significant differences in the main applied principles. While Australia has a voluntary system of de facto subsidies for low-carbon activities, Canada is dominated by regional mandatory regulation, and Norway uses both tax instruments and EU cap-and-trade system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Mayes, David G. "The Implications of Closer European Integration for Australia and New Zealand." National Institute Economic Review 134 (November 1990): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013400110.

Full text

Abstract:

The European Community is an important trade partner for Australia and New Zealand taking 15 per cent of Australian exports and 18.5 per cent of New Zealand exports, while supplying 23.5 per cent and 18 per cent respectively of their imports. However, there has been a dramatic transformation during the 1950s, 60s and 70s away from the UK as the dominant partner (tables 1 and 2) especially in the case of New Zealand where the UK's share of exports went from 66 per cent in 1950 to 13 per cent in 1980.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Siriwardana, Mahinda. "The proposed Australia-China Free Trade Agreement: global and country-specific effects." International Journal of Trade and Global Markets 1, no. 4 (2008): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2008.021399.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Tung, Rosalie L., and Henry F. L. Chung. "Diaspora and trade facilitation: The case of ethnic Chinese in Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 27, no. 3 (May 15, 2009): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-009-9146-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

PLUNKETT, BRADLEY, FABIO R. CHADDAD, and MICHAEL L. COOK. "Ownership structure and incentives to invest: dual-structured irrigation cooperatives in Australia." Journal of Institutional Economics 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990361.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract:In the past decade, Australia has begun to privatize its irrigation system. Two general models have emerged: a single and a dual ownership structure. This paper examines the trade-offs, costs and benefits, and the attendant efficiencies regarding costs of ownership. In particular, we examine member capital investment incentives and resultant risk-bearing costs related to capital formation. The paper concludes that the dual ownership structure system has significant economic advantages relative to its single-structured counterpart.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wang, Wen Sheng, Shao Dong Huang, and Jie Long Zou. "The Present Situation and Policy Suggestion of Clean Coal Technology in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1120.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, our clean coal technology made some breakthrough by means of introduction, digestion, and innovation. But compared with the developed countries, the use of clean coal technology in our country is not common for the unsound policies and standards, the lack of market mechanism, insufficient capital investment, decentralize of trade management and so on. We can effectively promote the development of clean coal technology, promote our country's energy consumption to transform extensive to intensive consumption and gradually realize a coordinated development between the energy, economy and environment by completing the relevant policies, laws and regulations of technology, finance, taxation, environmental protection, perfecting the independent innovations and technology admittance mechanism, increasing financial investment, encouraging private investment and setting up specialized standard managing and setting body of clean coal technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

BODMAN, PHILIP M. "A CONTRIBUTION ON THE EMPIRICS OF TRADE, MIGRATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR AUSTRALIA AND CANADA." International Economic Journal 12, no. 3 (October 1, 1998): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739800080021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

BAHMANI-OSKOOEE, MOHSEN, and YOMGQING WANG. "THE J-CURVE AT THE INDUSTRY LEVEL: EVIDENCE FROM TRADE BETWEEN THE US AND AUSTRALIA*." Australian Economic Papers 46, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2007.00322.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Gounder, Neelesh, and Biman Chand Prasad. "Regional trade agreements and the new theory of trade." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2011): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14770021111116133.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the two issues of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the new theory of international trade and draw conclusions for Pacific Island countries (PICs). The authors provide a deeper conceptual treatment of the consequences of RTAs and analyse the new theory of international trade to explore its implications for trade policy in PICs.Design/methodology/approachWith regard to RTAs, the argument is developed in the context of the conjecture that questions the benefits from adopting more open trade policies with neighbours while maintaining restrictive policies towards the rest of the world. The authors draw on international and regional analytical literature and on recent modelling work to review critically the possible gains and losses of RTAs for PICs. In the latter issue, the focus is on the roles of imperfect competition and scale economies and their relevance to PICs.FindingsFreeing up trade gradually and unilaterally and realizing the benefits of comparative advantage remains the best way to maximise welfare. PICs could be worse off under a complex system of overlapping RTAs and existence of RTAs by Australia and New Zealand outside the region has the possibility of marginalizing weak PICs economies.Practical implicationsPICs are currently at a critical juncture in terms of trade policy making with various trade agreements being thrown in the region and this paper has the capacity to provide some answers to policy makers on the approach to take.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into regional trade agreements and the new theory of trade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Li, Hui, and Petros Stathis. "Determinants of capital structure in Australia: an analysis of important factors." Managerial Finance 43, no. 8 (August 14, 2017): 881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2017-0030.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the many factors that affect the leverage decisions of publicly traded Australian companies, and tests to see whether these factors are reliably important. The relationship between these factors and the leverage decision is examined. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multiple linear panel regressions to study the relationship between the factors and leverage. Findings The authors find a set of eight factors which are reliably important for capital structure decision making. These factors include: profitability, log of assets, median industry leverage, industry growth, market to book ratio, tangibility, capital expenditure, and investment tax credits. The empirical evidence indicates weakening support for the pecking order hypothesis and increasing support for the trade-off theory in Australia. Originality/value This paper examines the determinants of capital structure using Australian firms and provides a comprehensive empirical support for the capital structure theories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Plakitkina, L. S., Yu A. Plakinkin, and K. I. D’yachenko. "World market of coking coals within the period of 2000–2017 and tendencies of its further development." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-14-20.

Full text

Abstract:

Data on mining and consumption of coking coals quoted, including China, Australia, Russia, USA and India. It was shown, that China, taking the first place in the world on those indices, keeps a policy of coals mining and consumption cutting. The China authorities set a task to cut coal mining by 500 mt within 3–5 years beginning from 2016, by mines closing and reducing of working days number at coal-mining plants (from 330 down to 276 a year). At Ukraine in 2017 only 5.2 mt of coking coals were mined, relating to the 2000 level it constitutes only 18.8%. A cardinal reduction of coking coals production from 18.9 mt in 2000 down to 2.4 mt in 2017 observed in Germany. The world consumption of coking coals from 2000 through 2017 increased more than two-folds. However, beginning from 2014, a decreasing trend observed. China is the leader in coking coals consumption. The consumption of them increased in 2017 comparing with 2000 more than five-folds. South Korea takes the fifth place by coking coals consumption. The volume of its consumption increased from 2000 through 2017 by factor 1.9. Ukraine, USA and Germany decreased consumption of coking coals within the period under consideration by 44.3, 38.7 and 40.1% correspondently. The coal world export by end of 2017 comparing with 2000 increased by factor 1.7. By results of 2017, Australia exported 62% of the world coking coal trade volume. USA are the second big exporter of coking coals. The export of coals from the USA in 2017 increased comparing with 2000 by 68%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Barrell, Ray. "Policy Responses to the Collapse of the Financial Sector: Introduction." National Institute Economic Review 211 (January 2010): R1—R2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950110364091.

Full text

Abstract:

The downturn in global economic activity that started in 2008 was turned into a major recession after the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. It appears that world output fell by more than 1 per cent in 2009, and OECD output probably fell by around 3½ per cent. The effects on output were more marked in the Euro Area and the UK than they were in the US or Canada, which partly reflects the policy responses chosen by Treasuries and Central Banks. The financial crisis that drove the recession affected banks in the US, the UK, the Euro Area and the rest of Europe rather more than it did those in Canada, Australia and Japan. However, recessions have been common, with only Australia and Poland appearing to avoid them. The financial crisis led rapidly to a freezing of trade credit, which caused world trade to decline very sharply at the beginning of 2009. The financial crisis also led to an increase in risk premia in investment decision-making and hence to a decline in the equilibrium capital output ratio, which caused a sharp reduction in the demand for capital goods. Combined with credit rationing effects for firms needing access to borrowing, this induced a collapse in investment. Trade channels made the crisis global, as did movements in exchange rates. Interest rates were cut sharply in the US, Europe and Japan, and approached levels seen in Japan for the previous decade. As a result the yen appreciated strongly, and the combination of the effects of this appreciation on competitiveness and the decline in investment goods trade meant that Japan suffered worse than most other countries, at least in the short term.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Seltzer, Andrew J., and Jeff Borland. "The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000359.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Giesecke, James A., Nhi H. Tran, and Robert Waschik. "Should Australia be concerned by Beijing’s trade threats: modelling the economic costs of a restriction on imports of Australian coal." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 65, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12422.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Jamieson, Eric. "International Coal Supply and the Principal Countries Involved." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 6 (December 1988): 392–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600602.

Full text

Abstract:

In response to a directive from member countries in 1983, IEA Coal Research initiated a series of techno-economic studies designed to assess the future cost and availability of steam coal supplies for export from major existing and potential producing countries. As a means of setting this assessment work in a world context and to help explain why certain countries were selected for study and the order in which those studies have been carried out, the paper provides background information on world coal supply (4,400 Mt) and hard coal trade (330 Mt) for 1986. Since 1983 reports have been published on Colombia, United States, South Africa, Canada and the People's Republic of China; reports are currently in draft form for the Soviet Bloc and Australia; and studies are in progress for the Asia/Pacific Region and for Western Europe. The paper goes on to review the evolution of the study work, study methodology and typical report format. Generalised conclusions are drawn on coal supply categories, the economies of scale required to produce and deliver low value coal products, and the principal factors affecting coal pricing. More specific conclusions are then drawn for each country and finally the programme of future work in this field is indicated. The overall objective of this assessment work has now been geared towards producing integrated projections of world supply of all the principal coal products that are expected to be traded 15–20 years ahead and for those projections to be kept current and issued as annual reports.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bahmani‐Oskooee, Mohsen, and Hanafiah Harvey. "A nonlinear approach to the U.S.–Australia commodity trade and the J‐curve: Evidence from 123 industries." Australian Economic Papers 58, no. 3 (September 2019): 318–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Thome, Karim Marini, and Vitoria A. Leal Paiva. "Sparkling Wine International Market Structure and Competitiveness." Wine Economics and Policy 9, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/web-8433.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to analyse the Sparkling Wine international market structure and competitiveness, focusing on the 2004–2018 period. It used the data regarding exports and imports of sparkling wine available in the International Trade Centre’s Trade Map database. The method used to examine sparkling wine’s international market structure and competitiveness consisted of calculation of: (i) Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA); (ii) Relative Position in the Market (RPM); (iii) Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI); and (iv) Net Export Index (NEI). The paper analyses the growth of the sparkling wine trade worldwide. It demonstrated that France had the greatest relative position in the market, followed by Italy and Spain. This same sequence was found in the revealed comparative advantage, highlighting the increased Italian export level. A high export market structure concentration was also shown. On the other hand, there was an unconcentrated import market structure, and, according to the NEI, it was possible to identify three groups composed of actors who were stable in terms of: i) exports based on domestic production (France, Italy and Spain); ii) trade, reflecting re-export (Singapore and the Netherlands); iii) imports, with strong domestic consumption (Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia, and Belgium).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Bairagi, Ranajit Kumar. "Dynamic Impacts of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Australian Stock Market: An Intercontinental Evidence." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 21, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 64–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09726527211069610.

Full text

Abstract:

This study empirically investigates the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) of five countries from four continents on the Australian stock market with monthly observations from January 1998 to January 2021. The dynamic linkage model reports that EPUs are negatively influenced by their own lagged effect along with bidirectional volatility spillover and the returns of stock markets unidirectionally spillover to the EPU of the corresponding economy. The study documents that shocks originated in the Australian stock market spillover negatively onto its own EPU and that of China and positively onto EPUs of Europe and Japan. The shocks originated in EPUs of Australia, Europe, China, and Japan significantly negatively impact the Australian stock market. The bidirectional volatilities of EPUs can offer insight for portfolio investors in searching the possible hedging opportunities in Australia. The reported drivers of Australian EPU can be incorporated in formulating and implementing the EPU-sensitive Australian trade policies. JEL: G15, G17, G18

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Urdank, Albion M. "Economic Decline in the English Industrial Revolution: The Gloucester Wool Trade, 1800–1840." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (June 1985): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034148.

Full text

Abstract:

This study questions the concept of entrepreneurial failure, traditionally invoked to account for the demise of the Gloucestershire wool trade in the Industrial Revolution. Gloucester clothiers used steam power selectively because of the high cost of coal but on a more regular basis and at greater capacity than scholars have commonly admitted. Excess capacity due to overcapitalization accounted for the failure of mills with large engines; underutilization of steam accounted for the failure of mills with small engines. Both types of failure sprang from rational and entrepreneurial choices, and not from an unwillingness to innovate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Jawaid, Syed Tehseen, Abdul Waheed, and Aamir Hussain Siddiqui. "Terms of trade and economic growth in developing country." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-07-2019-0035.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the first time ever the effects of overall terms of trade, bilateral terms of trade and main commodity groups’ terms of trade on economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Augmented Dickey Duller and Philips Perron unit root tests and Johensan cointegration test have been applied by using annual time series data from 1974 to 2017. Dynamic ordinary least square and fully modified ordinary least square have also been used to perform sensitivity analysis. Findings The cointegration test confirm the positive long-run relationship between overall terms of trade (ToT) and economic growth. Country-wise results show that ToT with Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, UK and the USA have significant positive effect on economic growth. Conversely, ToT with China and UAE has significant negative effect on economic growth. In contrast, ToT with India, Norway, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland has insignificant effect on the economic growth of Pakistan. Product-wise results indicate that the product group namely, Chemical, Crude Material inedible except fuels, Manufactured and Minerals fuels and Lubricant found to be a significant positive effect on economic growth. However, Beverages and Tobacco, and Machinery and Transport product groups found to be significant negative impact on economic, while Food and Live animals found to be insignificant. Practical implications In general, it is suggested that the beneficial terms of trade are favorable for economic growth. The study suggested export promotion policy for which relationship between ToT and economic growth found positive and import substitution policy is suggested the products found a negative relationship between the said variables. Originality/value This paper is a pioneer attempt to investigate the effect of overall ToT, bilateral terms of trade and the main commodity group’s ToT on economic growth in Pakistan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.

Full text

Abstract:

John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bowden, Bradley. "The Ties of Place." Articles 59, no. 3 (June 20, 2005): 490–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010922ar.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores the ways in which spatial configurations have shaped the use of contractors in the export coalfields of Queensland (Australia) and western Canada since the late 1960s. It is argued that the divergent employer strategies pursued after 1996—whereby Queensland producers dramatically increased their use of contractors while their Canadian counterparts did not—reflects their different spatial placement within the global coal trade. In Canada, the main problem was locational disadvantage due to distance from deep-water. In consequence, employers responded to falling prices by concentrating production in the area of greatest locational advantage. For Queensland producers, the issue was high mine-site labour costs. In this context, using contractors was part of a strategy to transform labour relations through the Workplace Relations Act.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Alonso, Abel D., and Seng Kok. "A resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach in the context of a region’s international attractiveness: The recent case of Western Australia." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218765167.

Full text

Abstract:

This exploratory study proposes a framework based on the resource view theory and the dynamic capabilities approach to further the understanding of a region’s attractiveness, particularly from an international perspective. The case of Western Australia is examined through in-depth, face-to-face interviews with nine country consuls experienced in international trade. The findings revealed significant ways in which Western Australia could enhance its future commercial appeal. The findings revealed the value of synergies between this state and other countries, particularly exchanging expertise, transferring knowledge, or exporting know-how, education, both university and industry-focused, research and development and expertise. These forms of regional attractiveness emphasise the strategic role of industry resources and dynamic capabilities, thus, underscoring the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework. While the state’s mineral exports will continue to drive its economy, harnessing its potential in other areas is crucial to adapt to changing business environments and to build sustained competitive advantage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chan, Tze-Haw, Hooi Hooi Lean, and Chee-Wooi Hooy. "A macro assessment of China effects on Malaysian exports and trade balances." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-11-2012-0019.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the impact of China's export expansion on Malaysian monthly trading with to her 12 major trading partners over the liberalization era. Design/methodology/approach – The analytical framework comprises of both the export and trade balance models. Unit root and cointegration tests with break and error correction modeling are employed in the analyses. Findings – Regime shifts are evident in the long run where structural break(s) found mostly coincides with the Asia crisis and China's accession into WTO. While the income effects are more apparent in most cases, the real exchanges are rather insignificant and incorrectly signed for Malaysian bilateral trading. Besides, the trade balance estimation is generally more consistent that the Chinese exports have exhibited complementary effects in the long-run, mainly for advanced export destination such as Australia, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. On the whole, there is insufficient evidence to support the “PRC competitive threat”. Practical implications – The empirical evidence disfavors currency devaluation for current account correction and reveals that the fear for China effect might be over-projected. Closer regional collaboration and trade integration between the two nations are well expected. Originality/value – The paper assesses the China's crowding out effect and magnitudes of Malaysian export and trade balance elasticities with model specifications that consider structural breaks. The paper also assesses the macro dimension of income and real exchanges effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Chia, Siow Yue. "The Emerging Regional Economic Integration Architecture in East Asia." Asian Economic Papers 12, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00179.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines regional market integration through production networks and free trade agreements in East Asia and their attendant challenges and issues. It examines progress in the ASEAN Economic Community and in various ASEAN+1 free trade and economic integration agreements. It argues that there is a strong case for a region-wide agreement to maximize economic synergy and resolve emerging problems, including market fragmentation and the “noodle bowl” effect. It explores three possible paths to region-wide integration, namely, the East Asia Free Trade Area (encompassing ASEAN+3 [the People's Republic of China, Japan, and Korea]), the Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (encompassing ASEAN+3 countries and Australia—New Zealand and India) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, currently involving nine negotiating countries in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The paper explores the economic and political benefits and challenges of forming these three regionwide agreements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chia, Siow Yue. "Whither East Asian Regionalism? An ASEAN Perspective." Asian Economic Papers 6, no. 3 (October 2007): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2007.6.3.1.

Full text

Abstract:

East Asia is catching up with the rest of the world in establishing regional trade arrangements (RTAs). This region is responding to pressures from globalization, regionalism in the Americas and Europe, the rise of China and India, improved political relations in the region with the end of the Cold War, as well as market-driven trade and investment integration and the emergence of production networks. ASEAN formed the first RTA in 1992, and by the turn of the decade, ASEAN was signing or negotiating free trade agreements (FTAs) with Japan, China, South Korea, India, Australia–New Zealand, and the European Union. It also entered into bilateral FTAs with the United States and countries in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. ASEAN is also considering an East Asian FTA. Can ASEAN remain in the driver's seat of regional integration and be an effective hub? The FTA proliferation also has important consequences and effects for East Asia and the world trading system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shanahan, Martin P., and Kerrie Round. "Creating the “secret register”: The background to the register of trade agreements in Australia, 1967–1974." Entreprises et histoire 76, no. 3 (2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eh.076.0072.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Sharma, Prakash, Flor Lucia De la Cruz, and Jonathan Sultoon. "Finding winners in the hydrogen hype." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S67—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21168.

Full text

Abstract:

The global energy trade is set for its greatest transformation since the 1970s and the rise of OPEC (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). Electrification is central to this as countries plough money into renewables to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. But electrification can take the world only so far. With higher carbon prices looming on the horizon, fossil fuel exporters and industrial sectors – as well as heavy-duty trucking, shipping and aviation – need alternatives to decarbonise. Most are looking to electricity-based fuels and feedstocks such as hydrogen, ammonia and methanol to replace hydrocarbons. This will revolutionise energy trade, with total trade declining by as much as 50% and virtually all remaining traded oil gas and coal being either completely decarbonised or backed by offsets. With 147 GWel (giga‐watts electrolyser capacity) in announced projects, green hydrogen produced from renewable electricity is ahead of the game. And while its export supply chains are complex, requiring conversion into a ‘product’ to allow delivery, there is no exploration risk as in oil and gas projects. Worldwide, national hydrogen roadmaps are being passed, with virtually all oil and gas companies, utilities and industrials backing at least one hydrogen project. Focus is now shifting to future sources of hydrogen supply. Lenders will be drawn to locations with a proven track record of exporting natural resources, suitable conditions for low-cost renewable electricity and the potential for large-scale carbon capture. A few countries already stand out, but none more so than Australia. Using our proprietary research, we will present a case study evaluating hydrogen supply options from Australia, Saudi Arabia and Canada – delivered into key markets like Japan for different applications. We will also assess when costs will fall across the value chain – production, midstream and downstream – and reach parity to incumbent fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Endres, Anthony M., and Alan J. Rogers. "Trade Policy and International Finance in the Bretton Woods Era: a Doctrinal Perspective with Reference to Australia and New Zealand." History of Economics Review 59, no. 1 (January 2014): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18386318.2014.11681256.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Otenko, Iryna, Ihor Hrabynskyi, Alina Lytvynenko, Elena Lytvynenko, Mykola Povoroznyk, and Dmytro Nikitin. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Dynamics of Financial Instruments in the World Trade." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (November 10, 2022): 1748–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.158.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the research was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of financial instruments in international trade. The study examined the dynamics of price changes and determined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the price of futures contracts on the global market. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the futures volatility dynamics in the global financial market was explored for major commodity groups. The least-squares method was used as the main regression testing tool, while dynamics of the indicators was assessed through graphical and trends methods. The study involves the World Bank’s data for 2000-2021. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coal, natural gas, metals, beverage and food futures price on the global financial market was established and proved to be statistically significant. It was found that the pandemic had a statistically significant impact on the volatility of futures for coal, natural gas and tin on the global financial market. The futures price is being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic because of the collapse of global supply chains and countries’ protectionist measures. In aggregate, this produces imbalances in the distribution of goods in the world and impedes their flow. The market is consequently responding to the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic by raising prices. The results obtained open up new lines for research, in particular the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply and demand structure on the world commodity markets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Barrell, Ray, Nigel Pain, and Julian Morgan. "The World Economy." National Institute Economic Review 154 (November 1995): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019515400103.

Full text

Abstract:

Indications from the first half of the year suggested that the present cyclical expansion was starting to slow in much of the OECD. The pace of activity moderated particularly sharply in North America. Canadian GDP fell slightly in the second quarter of the year and inventory levels rose considerably. Trade growth was also lower than expected, although this partially reflected the regional impact of recent developments in Mexico. Within Europe, GDP growth slowed in the UK, France and Italy, although growth proved unexpectedly robust in a number of the smaller economies, particularly Ireland, Sweden and Finland. Output also continued to grow sharply in Australia and South East Asia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Coal trade Australia Finance'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles