Journal articles on the topic 'Coal Sulfur content China'
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1
Xu, Bo Hui, Shu Li Ding, and Dong Wang. "The Distribution Characteristics of Total Sulfur Content of Coals Formatting in Different Geological Age, Guangxi Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.486.
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The era distribution characteristics of total sulfur content of coals formatting in Early Carboniferous, Later Permian, Early Jurassic and Cenozoic in Guangxi,China, were studied by basing the statistics and analysis of total sulfur content of 19 important coals producing area including 173 exploration area and mining area. The results show that the coals of Early Carboniferous are mainly high sulfur coal and sub-high sulfur coal and the total sulfur content is high around the centered area around Liucheng Guilin - Xinan area and gradually decrease along south and north sides. The sulfur content of Late Permian coals are very high and reach to 5%-8% in some area and there is great difference among sulfur content in different area. The sulfur in Early Jurassic coals have great difference in distribution and are up to 10% in Northeast Guangxi area but less than 0.5% in Southeast Guangxi area. The coals of Cenozoic are low sulfur coal in common.
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Su, Yinjiao, Xuan Liu, Yang Teng, and Kai Zhang. "A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113119.
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Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.
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Yang, Yu, Luo Yang, Peng Fei Hu, and Gai Mei Ren. "Desulfurization Experimental Study on Flotation for High Sulfur Coal from Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.825.
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The total sulfur rate of the coal sample was 4.973%, the inorganic sulfur content was more than 60%, which was the main component in the coal sample. The effect of grinding fineness, flotation pulp density, collector and frother on coal flotation desulfurization were investigated in this paper to remove the inorganic sulfur. The results showed that it reached to the optimum desulfurization rate 54.7% when the optimum grinding fineness was 39.20% -200 mesh rate, pulp concentration was 80 g/L, kerosene consumption was 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil loading was 100 g/t, and the total sulfur content reduced to 2.72%. The optimized flotation condition determined by orthogonal experiments was as follow: pulp density for 60 g/L, kerosene dosage of 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil consumption of 100 g/t. In this case, total sulfur content reduced to 2.19%, the total desulfurization rate and the inorganic desulfurization rate were 55.96% and 92.89%, respectively.
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Li, Jing, Peng Wu, Guanghua Yang, Lei Pan, Xinguo Zhuang, Xavier Querol, Natalia Moreno, Baoqing Li, and Yunfei Shangguan. "Enrichment of Li–Ga–Zr–Hf and Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb Assemblages in the No. 11 Superhigh Organic Sulfur Coal from the Sangshuping Coal Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, North China." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246660.
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Superhigh organic sulfur(SHOS) coals have currently attracted great attention due to their typical depositional environments and formation history as well as their great negative impact on the ecosystem. This study investigated the geochemistry of the No. 11coalof the Late Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation from the Sangshuping coalmine, Hancheng miningarea, Weibei coalfield, Shaanxi, North China. The No. 11 coal is a high-sulfur coal with a large proportion of organic sulfur content (3.7 to 5.5%, avg. 4.4%) and belongs to typical SHOS coal. The high sulfur content in the Sangshuping coal mine has been mainly caused by the combined influences of seawater and hydrothermal fluids. The SHOS in No. 11 coal was formed in the Fe-poor and S-rich high-marine influenced occlusive environment. During the late coalification stage, a high proportion of pyritic sulfur was formed due to sufficient Fe supply from the Fe–S-rich epigenetic hydrothermal fluids. The No. 11 SHOS coal is enriched in Li–Ga–Zr–Hf and Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb element assemblages. The sediment provenance of the Sangshuping coal mine is predominantly felsic–intermediate rocks from both the Yinshan and Qinling Oldland. However, the elevated concentrations of critical elements (Li, Ga, Zr, and Hf) in the No. 11 coal are primarily inherited from the Yinshan Oldland. The enrichment of the Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb assemblage in No. 11 coal can be ascribed to the influence of both seawater and epigenetic hydrothermal activity.
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Zhao, Qiao Jing, Yue Gang Tang, Xiu Jie Deng, and Xiao Lei Yu. "Geochemistry of Sulfur in Extract from Hedong Coal Mine, China." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.89.
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The organosulfur compounds in the extract of the unusually organic sulfur rich of Hedong coal mine had been identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There are two series organosulfur compounds (OSC) were detected in the extract, they are benzonaphthothiophen and dibenzothiophene and the content of methylbiphenyl is overwhelming advantages in the biphenyl series. It demonstrates that the coal was formed in alkaline environment. The coal was formed in a reduction environment generally but there are exceptions, the samples HD9-2 and HD10-13 which have the value of Pr/Ph was 3.52 and 4.05 and So/St in sample HD9-2 was 78.82%, 73.08% in sample HD10-13 respectively . It show that the coal suffer strong oxidation and there are no good correlation between the content of organic sulfur and the oxidation environment.
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Gao, Wei, Qing Cai Liu, Cun Fang Lu, Jian Yang, Juan Wen, and Hui Min Zheng. "Sulfur-Loading Impact on Microstructure and Surface Morphology of Fly Ash-Based Adsorbent for Mercury Removal." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1511.
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Mercury is a toxic air pollution, and coal-fired utility plants are the largest anthropogenic emission source in China. Due to rapidly decreasing the cost and increasing the efficiency, it is becoming necessary to develop alternative technologies/materials for mercury removal. The adsorbents made from fly ash of coal-fired, and became spherical after sintering at temperature 500 . Finally, it has been treated by thermal precipitation sulfur, to remove mercury in fuel gas of coal-fired. High temperature deposition furnace was applied to increase sulfur content in fly ash based adsorbents produced in lab. SEM, BET, TGA and other measurement methods were used to characterize the surface morphology, sulfur distribution and specific surface. The experiments can increase its sulfur content of adsorbent, and the study found that sulfur attached to the surface, mesopore structure, microporous structure of fly ash-based adsorbents. So these treatments can increase their surface area and enhanced their adsorption capacity, while the sulfur was filled in interspace as small molecule S2 and S5. And the specific surface area increased by sulfur-loading and increasing temperature.
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Wang, Hua, Mei Li Du, and Guo Tao Zhang. "Concentration and Distribution of Cr, Pb and Zn in the Jurassic Coals from Northern Shaanxi and Ningxia, China." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1415.
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The concentration and distribution of Cr, Pb and Zn in 22 Jurassic coals from northern Shaanxi,and Ningxi, China were studied. The samples were collected from eight coal mines of five different region, including Yuyang Region, Hengshan, Shenmu, Huangling and Lingwu. Comparing with Chinese coals, American coals and coal Clarke value: Pb showed different degree enrichment in the study region except Ningxia ; Cr was enriched in Shenmu coals, Huangling coals and Hengshan coals; whereas the content of Zn in the study region coals was lower than in American coals. Horizontal variation of the three elements in the study region indicated that different elements showed different variation trend. Based on statistical analyses, Pb showed a moderate relationship with ash yield, whereas Cr had a high correlation coefficients with total sulfur.
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Kang, Jian, Zhi Juan Kang, and Hai Yue Shan. "Abundance of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in Coals from the Guanbanwusu Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Northern China, and their Geological Implication." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.152.
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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentrations of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in coal and associated rock samples from the Guanbanwusu Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Northern China. The Guanbanwusu coals have a similar vitrinite reflectance and sulfur content, and a slightly higher ash yield. The concentration of REY (from La to Lu plus Y) in the 6 coal of the Guanbanwusu Mine varies from 72 μg/g to 396 μg/g and averages 186 μg/g, higher than that in normal Chinese coal (136 μg/g) and much higher than that in average world hard coals. The H-type distribution patterns in the No. 6 coal (W9-2 and W9-9) were probably caused by stronger water influences than those in the other coalfield. The coal bench (W2 and W9) with L-type is because terrigenous input influence.
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Yu, Jiang Long, Fang Rui Meng, Xian Chun Li, and Arash Tahmasebi. "Power Generation from Coal Gangue in China: Current Status and Development." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.443.
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This paper provides an overview on the current status of power generation in China using coal gangue. The government regulation towards the use of coal gangue for power generation is introduced. Emission of pollutants and low thermal power plant efficiency are the two major problems for the power industry firing coal gangue. Particulate matter emission control is a problem due to the high ash content. Sulfur emissions from these units are easily controlled mostly through lime/limestone injection and in-situ capture. Overall, efficient power generation using coal gangue is a promising approach to reduce the use of coal resources and reduce the environmental impacts.
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Ma, Jialiang, Bangjun Liu, Ke Zhang, Zhenzhen Wang, Jinxiao Li, Maksim G. Blokhin, and Cunliang Zhao. "Geochemical characteristics of No. 6 coal from Nanyangpo Mine, Datong coalfield, north China: Emphasis on the influence of hydrothermal solutions." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 1367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720922309.
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This paper discusses the volcanic influence on the mineralogical and elemental geochemistry of No. 6 coal from Nanyangpo Mine in the Datong coalfield, north China. Sixteen samples (14 coal and 2 partings) were analyzed by different geochemical methods. The results revealed that the No. 6 coal is a medium–high volatility, highly calorific, bituminous coal with a low-ash and medium-sulfur content. The minerals mainly consisted of kaolinite, calcite, dolomite, and pyrite. In addition, traces of apatite, sphalerite, and anatase were also found. Calcite, dolomite, and pyrite in the coal samples were mainly derived from epigenetic hydrothermal solutions, whereas kaolinite and apatite originated from volcanic ash. Harmful trace elements including Pb, Cu, Mo, Tl, and Hg in the No. 6 coal samples were higher than those of common global coals. These harmful elements mainly occurred in sulfide minerals, which were probably influenced by hydrothermal inputs.
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Yuan, Yue, Shuheng Tang, and Songhang Zhang. "Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of the Middle Jurassic Coals from the Tongjialiang Mine in the Northern Datong Coalfield, Shanxi Province, China." Minerals 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030184.
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There is limited information available on the minerals and elements present in the Jurassic coals from Datong Coalfield. This paper investigates the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Middle Jurassic coals from the Tongjialiang Mine using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). No.12 coal is a low-medium volatile bituminous coal and is characterized by low ash yield content, low moisture content, and ultra-low sulfur content. Compared with Chinese coals, the Tongjialiang coals have slightly higher average percentages of MgO and P2O5, and lower average percentages of the other major oxides, including SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MnO, Na2O, and K2O. Compared with the World hard coals, Be, Cr, Co, Ni, Ge, Sn, Ta, and W are slightly enriched in the Tongjialiang coals. The concentrations of Li, F, Sc, V, Cu, Ga, Se, Sr, Zr, Nb, Hf, Pb, Th, and U are close to the average values of the world’s hard coals. The minerals in No.12 coal mainly include quartz, kaolinite, siderite, and ankerite, along with smaller amounts of pyrite, illite, calcite, and rutile. The formation of syngenetic siderite in No.12 coal is related to the weathering of biotite in the gneiss of the Yinshan Upland. The modes of occurrence of ankerite indicate that the coals may be affected by the injection of low temperature hydrothermal fluids. It is noteworthy that a portion of epigenetic ankerite may be a product of metasomatism between syngenetic siderite and the epigenetic Fe-Mg-Ca rich hydrothermal fluids. The ratios of Al2O3/TiO2, REY (rare earth elements and yittrium) enrichment patterns, the modes of occurrence of siderite and ankerite, as well as the enriched lithophile and siderophile elements indicate that the No.12 coal may have originated from the Yinshan Upland and may also have been influenced by low temperature hydrothermal fluids that might have circulated in the coal basin.
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Wu, Dun, Wenyong Zhang, Guijian Liu, Run Zhan, and Guangqing Hu. "Characteristics and geological significance of germanium in Taiyuan coal formation of Huainan Coalfield, Anhui, China." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00382-5.
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AbstractHN-1# is the first fully working coring well of the Taiyuan Formation (Ty) in the Huinan Coalfield and exploration studies are currently underway on the associated resources of the coal-bearing strata. The HN-1# well is located in the Fufeng thrust nappe structural belt in the south of the Huainan Coalfield. Three coal samples from the Ty were collected from HN-1# and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to determine the Ge content of each sample. Based on proximate and ultimate analyses, microscopy data, and analyses of the ash products, some important findings were made. The Ty coal samples had a relatively high total sulfur (St,d) content (4.24%), thus the coal was considered to be a lower ranked coal (high volatility bituminous coal), which also had a low coal ash composition index (k, 1.87). Collodetrinite was the main submaceral of the Ty coal. Small amounts of pyrite particles were found in the coal seams of the Ty, while the contents of pyrite and algae in the top and bottom sections of the coal seam were relatively high, which meant that the swampy peat conditions which existed during the formation of the coal seams were affected by seawater; also the degree of mineralization of the coal seam was relatively high, which is consistent with reducing conditions in a coastal environment setting. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments showed that the modes of occurrence of Ge in the Ty coal were mainly those for organic-bound and adsorbed Ge species. The organic carbon isotope values for the Ty coal ranged from − 24.1‰ to − 23.8‰, with an average value of − 24.0‰, which is equivalent to the value for terrestrial plants (average value − 24.0‰). The Ge content of the Ty coal was 13.57 mg/kg. The Ge content was negatively correlated with volatile matter and the ash yield.
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Deng, Jun, Kai Wang, and Xiao Wei Zhai. "Study on the Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Jurassic Coal in North Shaanxi." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.124.
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Proximate and ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis experiments were carried out to study the spontaneous combustion oxidation based characteristic of six Jurassic coal samples from North Shaanxi in West China and three Permo-carboniferous coal samples from East China. The results showed that the characteristic of north Shaanxi Jurassic coal was low ash, low sulfur, high volatile, high oxygen content and amorphous structure. More type and quantity of reactive functional groups existed in the original Jurassic coal, such as carboxyl, methyl, methylene and ether oxygen. And the characteristic temperatures of north Shaanxi Jurassic coal sample in the oxidation and spontaneous combustion process was lower than other coal samples, due to the participation in the reaction with oxygen of the more active functional groups.
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Ge, Tao. "A Research into the Distribution Characteristics & Natural Existing Condition of the Mercury in the Coal of Huainan City." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.448.
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The mercury content in the raw coal is one of the important basic data to estimate the mercury emission of the coal. The outcome of the test and analysis of the mercury content in the raw coal of the 9 mines in Huainan Coalfield has shown that the mercury content in the coal samples of Huainan, although higher than that in the coal of the United States，Russia，Germany，Australia，etc., is within the normal range, with no major differences from that of the coal in North China region. With a research into the content change of the mercury in the coal in the process of washing and in combination with the relevant analysis result of the relation between the mercury in the coal and sulfur, ash content, selenium, we have inferred that the mercury in the coal of Huainan is existing naturally in the minerals, but has come into combination with organic matter in some way or scattered in the organic groups in the form of particles.
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Qin, Cao, Wei, Wang, and Liu. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the No. 5-2 High-Sulfur Coal from the Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, North China, with Emphasis on Anomalies of Gallium and Lithium." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070402.
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This paper reports the mineral compositions and geochemical characteristics of the No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal (Taiyuan Formation) from Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, Northern China via transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). We also confirmed the input of intermediate-felsic volcanic ashes into the Taiyuan Formation coals in Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield. The results show that Dongpo coals are enriched in Ga and Li compared to the average values for world hard coals, and they are depleted in Al2O3 compared to Chinese coals. The coal low temperature ash contains kaolinite, illite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, and to a lesser extent, chlorite, plagioclase, dolomite, ankerite, and apatite. The concentration anomalies of Ga and Li in No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal were not caused by the Benxi Formation Bauxite, but by the influence of multiple geological factors. The Middle Proterozoic moyite from the Yinshan Oldland led to the slightly higher Ga and Li contents of the No. 5-2 coal than those in world hard coals. Input of synchronization volcanic ash, injection of hydrothermal fluids during the syngenetic or early diagenetic stages and influence of seawater further contributed to the Ga and Li enrichment of the No. 5-2 coal.
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Li, Ming Xiao, Sheng Jian, Mei Hua Liu, and Jin Fang Lv. "Desulfurization Process of High-Sulfur Coal by Full-Flotation." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.603.
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The coal sample from the Shijiazhai mine located in the east of Yunnan province of China, is characterized with high ash and sulfur content which are 64.90% and 8.66% respectively. Analysis results indicate that coal and pyrite are the valuable minerals that can be recycled from the crude ore. According to the properties of the ore, a full-flotation flowsheet is proposed to process the ore. The coal is separated by depressing the pyrite firstly, then the pyrite is activated and flotated. Based on the regulating of reagent scheme and flowsheet process, the optimum small-scale closed circuit experiment is conducted to obtain a coal concentrate with a yield of 37.18%, assaying 41.10% C and 5.38% S at a C recovery of 83.05%, and a S concentrate with a yield of 6.18%, assaying 9.04% C and 42.49% S at a S recovery of 30.56%, which could provide technical support for the building of the plant.
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Wang, Weicheng, Liugen Zheng, Zhiwei Wu, Qian Zhang, Xing Chen, Yongchun Chen, and Liqun Zhang. "Geochemical Characteristics of Rare-Metal, Rare-Dispersed, and Rare-Earth Elements and Depositional Environments in the Shanxi Formation Coal, Huainan Coalfield, Anhui, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031887.
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Coal, being one of the major energy sources for power generation, contains several critical trace elements. There is a growing scarcity and expense of these critical elements as a result of the increased demand and limitation of mining sources. To explore the geochemical characteristics of the rare-metal, rare-dispersed (scattered), and rare-earth elements (TREs) in coal, 25 coal seam samples of the Shanxi Formation in the Huainan coalfield were collected. The major element oxides, minerals, and TREs were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results revealed that the coal of the Shanxi Formation had ultra-low moisture and low ash yield and was medium–high-volatility with low sulfur content and high calorific value. Concerning minerals, the coal was mainly composed of kaolinite, illite, quartz, calcite, dolomite, and pyrite. Compared with Chinese coal and world hard coal, rare-metal element Li and rare-dispersed element Se were enriched, whereas Ga and Ta were only slightly enriched. The average content of REYs was 51.34 μg/g, which is lower than the average content of REYs in Chinese coal. It has the enrichment characteristics of light REYs. In the vertical direction, the content of most TREs was higher in the roof and floor of the coal seam and the parting, indicating that the sedimentary microenvironment plays an important role in controlling the migration and enrichment of elements. The experimental results of sequential chemical extraction and correlation analysis showed that the TREs in the Shanxi Formation coal mainly exist in a residual and carbonate bound state, and occur in clay minerals and carbonate minerals. The enrichment of Se may be due to its high organic form ratio. The C-value, B content, w(Sr)/w(Ba), and REY geochemical parameters indicated that the Shanxi Formation Coal seam was developed in a transitional, semi-saline, deltaic sedimentary environment. With their development affected by seawater, REYs in coal are greatly supplied by terrigenous clastics. The complex sedimentary environment is an important reason for the varying occurrence states of TREs in the Shanxi Formation coals.
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Wei, Qiang, and Weijiao Song. "Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ashes from Two High-Sulfur Coal-Fired Power Plants in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China." Minerals 10, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040323.
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The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the feed coals and coal combustion products (CCPs) from two power plants (Xilaifeng and Damo) that consume coals from the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, were investigated, using XRD, SEM–EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The feed coals from Xilaifeng and Damo are both of high ash yield (52.93% and 48.36%, respectively), and medium and high total sulfur content (2.22% and 3.32%, respectively). The minerals in the feed coals are primarily composed of kaolinite, quartz, illite, pyrite, and, to a lesser extent, gypsum and anatase. In addition to the elevated incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Th), Li and Hg are enriched in the feed coals from the Xilaifeng and Damo power plants, respectively. Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are more enriched in the feed coals from Xilaifeng (194 μg/g) than those of Damo (93.9 μg/g). The inorganic phases of CCPs from both power plants are mainly composed of amorphous phase, quartz, hematite, illite, and anhydrite. Compared with the feed coals, concentrations of most trace elements in the CCPs are elevated, and they are preferentially enriched in the fly ashes relative to the bottom ashes (*f/b > 1), especially F, As, Sr, Mo, Se, and Hg (*f/b > 2.5). Furthermore, most trace elements (Xilaifeng: excluding Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Rb, Nb and Cs; Damo: excluding Li, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Cs and Ba) are more enriched in the (fine) fly ashes relative to the laboratory high-temperature coal ashes (HTAs). The REY barely differentiate in either the fly ash or bottom ash from Xilaifeng. In contrast, the REY in the fine and coarse fly ashes from Damo have very similar H-type distribution patterns with negative Ce and slightly positive Y anomalies. Attention should be paid to the enriched toxic elements (including F, As and Hg) in the fly ashes from both power plants due to possible adverse environmental effect.
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Yuan, Yue, Yanheng Li, and Jingsen Fan. "Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the No. 6 coal in the Tanggongta Mine, Inner Mongolia, China." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.6.551.
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In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of the trace elements of the No. 6 coal seam from Tanggongta mine, Jungar Coalfield, were studied using the methods of an energydispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometric (XRF) techniques. The content of sulfur ranges from 0.09% to 2.83% (1.09% on average). The ash is from 11.70% to 31.47% (20.72% on average), and the moisture is from 2.72% to 6.82% (4.72% on average). The main minerals are kaolinite, carbonate minerals and pyrite. Compared with the average values of Chinese coal, the contents of Ga, Cd, Tl, Li, Sr, and Ag are high. Compared with the values of world coal, Li and Sr are found at high levels. The distribution mode of the REE shows that LREE is concentrated, but HREE is relatively low. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most likely source of the coal’s Li. The bauxite of the Benxi formation could be another source of the coal’s Li in the NE Jungar Coalfield.
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Sakai, Yuji, Masataka Nakamura, and Chang Wang. "Soil Carbon Sequestration Due to Salt-Affected Soil Amelioration with Coal Bio-Briquette Ash: A Case Study in Northeast China." Minerals 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10111019.
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Increasing soil carbon storage and biomass utilization is an effective process for mitigating global warming. Coal bio-briquettes (CBB) are made using two low-ranked coals with high sulfur content, corn stalks, and calcium hydroxide, and the combustion ash can ameliorate the physicochemical properties in salt-affected soil. CBB ash contains mainly calcium compounds, such as calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate, and coal fly ash and biomass ash. In this paper, changes in soil carbon and nitrogen content through salt-affected soil amelioration during 5 months using two CBB ashes and pig manure were examined in Northeast China. Application rates of CBB ash were 0 tha−1 (control), 11.6 tha−1, 23.2 tha−1, 46.4 tha−1, and 69.6 tha−1. Consequently, total carbon content in topsoil (0–0.15 m) after harvest of maize in all test fields indicated a range between 27.7 tCha−1 and 50.2 tCha−1, and showed increased levels compared to untreated salt-affected soil. In a 3.0% (69.6 tha−1) application plot of only CBB ash with higher carbon and higher exchangeable Ca2+, the carbon content increased by 51.5% compared to control plot, and changes in carbon sequestration compared to untreated soil was roughly twice that of the control plot. CBB ash contributed to carbon application and pig manure supply as a form of N fertilization in the case of all test plots. Changes in carbon content due to soil amelioration have a significant relationship with changes in corn production and soil chemical properties, such as pH, Na+, Cl−, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Therefore, CBB production from low-ranked coal and waste biomass, and the use of CBB ash in agriculture is advocated as an effective means for sequestering carbon.
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Wu, Li, Zhuang, Querol, Moreno, Li, Ge, et al. "Mineralogical and Environmental Geochemistry of Coal Combustion Products from Shenhuo and Yihua Power Plants in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Northwest China." Minerals 9, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080496.
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The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of feed coals and coal combustion products (CCPs) from the Shenhuo and Yihua Power Plants in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, were studied by means of proximate analysis, Power X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-AES). The environmental geochemistry of CCPs was evaluated by Al-normalized enrichment factor as well as European Standard EN-12457 leaching test. Two feed coals have the characteristics of low sulfur content, medium to high volatiles matter yields, medium moisture content, super low to medium ash yield, medium to high calorific value and low mineral content. The main crystalline facies in fly ash and slag are quartz and mullite, with a small amount of calcite, and some unburned carbon. Hematite, SrSO4 and barite also can be observed in fly ashes by SEM. Typical plerophere occurs in fine fly ash rather than the coarse fly ash. The concentration of most trace elements in CCPs falls within the lower concentration range of European fly ashes. With respect to the partitioning behavior of trace elements during coal combustion, S is highly volatile, and Mg, Na, Zn, B, Co, As, Nb, Zr, Cu and K also show certain volatility, which may to some extent emit to the atmosphere. Furthermore, leaching experiments show that leachable concentrations of most of the potentially toxic elements in CCPs are low, and the CCPs fall in the range between inert and nonhazardous landfill material regulated by the 2003/33/EC Decision.
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Tang, Yang, and Ruiyin Han. "Stable Carbon and Sulfur Isotope Characteristics of Stream Water in a Typical Karst Small Catchment, Southwest China." Water 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040523.
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Surface water samples from the Maolan National Natural Reserved Park (MNNRP) were analyzed from Sept. 2013 to June 2014, for major ion concentrations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−), δ13C-DIC and δ34S-SO42− to quantify the sources of solutes and chemical weathering. The results show that HCO3− and SO42− are the main anions in Banzhai watershed, which account for 86.2 and 10.4% of the total anion equivalent, respectively. While Ca2+ and Mg2+ account for 76.9 and 20.5%, respectively. Considerable Mg2+ in stream water indicates that it may be affected by dolomite weathering. stream water samples present the δ13C-DIC values in the range of −16.9‰~−10.8‰ (mean value was −13.9‰), which were lower than that of the groundwater. The δ34S-SO42− values ranged from −15.2‰ to 1.7‰ (mean value was −4.4‰). There was a negative correlation between HCO3− content and δ13C value, implying the result of the interaction of temperature and precipitation intensity in different seasons. The significant positive correlation between SO42− content and δ13C-DIC indicates that H2SO4 may be involved in the weathering process of carbonate rocks in small watershed scale. The content of SO42− in a school sample site was much higher than that of other sample sites for the interference from human sources. The δ34S values show that the average δ34S-SO42− in most sites is close to the δ34S isotopic values of Guizhou coal and rain, indicating that they may be affected by local coal.
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Li, Xiao, Shifeng Dai, Victor P. Nechaev, Ian T. Graham, David French, Xibo Wang, Lei Zhao, and Jingtao Zhao. "Mineral Matter in the Late Permian C1 Coal from Yunnan Province, China, with Emphasis on Its Origins and Modes of Occurrence." Minerals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010019.
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This paper reports the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Permian C1 Coal from Bole and Laibin mines in eastern Yunnan, Southwestern China (C1 Coal in Laibin mine is composed of three layers termed B1, B2, and B3). The coals are characterized by medium-high ash yields and very low sulfur contents. Compared with average values of trace element concentrations in hard coals worldwide, the Bole and Laibin coals are enriched in V, Co, Cu, Zn, and Se, which were mainly derived from the sediment-source region of the Kangdian Upland. Major minerals in the coal samples and roof and floor strata include quartz, interstratified berthierine/chamosite (B/C), as well as kaolinite, mixed layer illite/smectite, calcite, pyrite, and anatase. Unlike a pure chamosite, the 7 Å peak of interstratified B/C is sharp and narrow, while the 14 Å peak is broad and weak, or absent in some coal samples. Interstratified B/C was largely precipitated from low-temperature Fe-rich and Mg-rich hydrothermal fluids or, in some cases, is an alteration product of kaolinite. Secondary phases of quartz, calcite, pyrite, kaolinite, chalcopyrite, gypsum, and REE-phosphates in the coal samples are the dominant authigenic minerals formed at syngenetic and early diagenetic stages. Four intra-seam partings in C1 Coal, B1, and B3 layers are identified as tonsteins derived from felsic volcanic ashes. These tonsteins consist mainly of cryptocrystalline kaolinite with graupen and vermicular textures, and minor amounts of high-temperature quartz, zircon, apatite, monazite, and anatase. The floor of the C1 Coal in the Bole mine is a tuffaceous claystone and consists of altered high-Ti basalt volcaniclastics, characterized by high concentrations of Zr, Nb, V, Co, Cu, and Zn, low Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (~4.62), high Ti/Y ratio (~900), enrichment of middle rare earth elements, and positive Eu anomalies.
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Lu, Z., and D. G. Streets. "Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2011): 20267–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20267-2011.
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Abstract. China and India are the two largest anthropogenic aerosol generating countries in the world. In this study, we develop a new inventory of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and primary carbonaceous aerosol (i.e., black and organic carbon, BC and OC) emissions from these two countries for the period 1996–2010, using a technology-based methodology. Emissions from major anthropogenic sources and open biomass burning are included, and time-dependent trends in activity rates and emission factors are incorporated in the calculation. Year-specific monthly fractions for major sectors and gridded emissions at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° distributed by multiple year-by-year spatial proxies are also developed. In China, the interaction between economic development and environmental protection causes large temporal variations in the emission trends. From 1996 to 2000, emissions of all three species showed a decreasing trend (by 9 %–17 %) due to a slowdown in economic growth, a decline in coal use in non-power sectors, and the implementation of air pollution control measures. With the economic boom after 2000, emissions from China changed dramatically. BC and OC emissions increased by 46 % and 33 % to 1.85 Tg and 4.03 Tg in 2010. SO2 emissions first increased by 61 % to 34.0 Tg in 2006, and then decreased by 9.2 % to 30.8 Tg in 2010 due to the wide application of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment in power plants. Driven by the remarkable energy consumption growth and relatively lax emission controls, emissions from India increased by 70 %, 41 %, and 35 % to 8.81 Tg, 1.02 Tg, and 2.74 Tg in 2010 for SO2, BC, and OC, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the emission uncertainties. The average 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of SO2, BC, and OC emissions are estimated to be −16 %–17 %, −43 %–93 %, and −43 %–80 % for China, and −15 %–16 %, −41 %–87 %, and −44 %–92 % for India, respectively. Sulfur content, fuel use, and sulfur retention of hard coal and the actual FGD removal efficiency are the main contributors to the uncertainties of SO2 emissions. Biofuel combustion related parameters (i.e., technology divisions, fuel use, and emission factor determinants) are the largest source of OC uncertainties, whereas BC emissions are also sensitive to the parameters of coal combustion in the residential and industrial sectors and the coke-making process. Comparing our results with satellite observations, we find that the trends of estimated emissions in both China and India are in good agreement with the trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and SO2 retrievals obtained from different satellites.
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Lu, Z., Q. Zhang, and D. G. Streets. "Sulfur dioxide and primary carbonaceous aerosol emissions in China and India, 1996–2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (September 23, 2011): 9839–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9839-2011.
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Abstract. China and India are the two largest anthropogenic aerosol generating countries in the world. In this study, we develop a new inventory of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and primary carbonaceous aerosol (i.e., black and organic carbon, BC and OC) emissions from these two countries for the period 1996–2010, using a technology-based methodology. Emissions from major anthropogenic sources and open biomass burning are included, and time-dependent trends in activity rates and emission factors are incorporated in the calculation. Year-specific monthly temporal distributions for major sectors and gridded emissions at a resolution of 0.1°×0.1° distributed by multiple year-by-year spatial proxies are also developed. In China, the interaction between economic development and environmental protection causes large temporal variations in the emission trends. From 1996 to 2000, emissions of all three species showed a decreasing trend (by 9 %–17 %) due to a slowdown in economic growth, a decline in coal use in non-power sectors, and the implementation of air pollution control measures. With the economic boom after 2000, emissions from China changed dramatically. BC and OC emissions increased by 46 % and 33 % to 1.85 Tg and 4.03 Tg in 2010. SO2 emissions first increased by 61 % to 34.0 Tg in 2006, and then decreased by 9.2 % to 30.8 Tg in 2010 due to the wide application of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment in power plants. Driven by the remarkable energy consumption growth and relatively lax emission controls, emissions from India increased by 70 %, 41 %, and 35 % to 8.81 Tg, 1.02 Tg, and 2.74 Tg in 2010 for SO2, BC, and OC, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the emission uncertainties. The average 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of SO2, BC, and OC emissions are estimated to be −16 %–17 %, −43 %–93 %, and −43 %–80 % for China, and −15 %–16 %, −41 %–87 %, and −44 %–92 % for India, respectively. Sulfur content, fuel use, and sulfur retention of hard coal and the actual FGD removal efficiency are the main contributors to the uncertainties of SO2 emissions. Biofuel combustion related parameters (i.e., technology divisions, fuel use, and emission factor determinants) are the largest source of OC uncertainties, whereas BC emissions are also sensitive to the parameters of coal combustion in the residential and industrial sectors and the coke-making process. Comparing our results with satellite observations, we find that the trends of estimated emissions in both China and India are in good agreement with the trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and SO2 retrievals obtained from different satellites.
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Li, Wenbo, Qiyan Feng, and Ze Li. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Iron–Sulfur Oxidizing Bacterium Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans YQ-N3 and its Applicability in Coal Biodesulfurization." Minerals 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010095.
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Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemotrophic, aerobic, acidophilic, and Gram-negative bacterium that plays a key role in iron and sulfur cycling and has a wide range of applications in the industrial field. A novel A. ferrooxidans strain, hereinafter referred to as strain “YQ-N3”, was isolated from sediments of a river polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) of an abandoned mine in Shanxi, China. The whole genome sequencing results revealed that A. ferrooxidans YQ-N3 has a 3,217,720 bp genome, which is comprised of one circular chromosome and five circular plasmids (Plasmid A, Plasmid B, Plasmid C, Plasmid D, Plasmid E). Plasmid E, a new plasmid, had not been annotated in the reference database. A. ferrooxidans YQ-N3 had a close evolutionary relationship with A. ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and A. ferridurans JCM18981 and exhibited higher similarity in its genomic structure with A. ferrooxidans ATCC23270. Multiple genes related to environmental resistance and iron and sulfur metabolism were predicted from its genome. A. ferrooxidans YQ-N3 can remarkably increase the oxidation rate of Fe2+ and S0 and enhance the hydrophilicity of S0, which was supported by functional gene analysis and laboratory experiments. The biological desulfurization experiment demonstrated that A. ferrooxidans YQ-N3 can reduce the sulfur content in coal by removing pyrite sulfur and organic sulfur.
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Song, Yu, Kai Zhu, Yinbo Xu, Qingtao Meng, Zhaojun Liu, Pingchang Sun, and Xiang Ye. "Paleovegetational Reconstruction and Implications on Formation of Oil Shale and Coal in the Lower Cretaceous Laoheishan Basin (NE China): Evidence from Palynology and Terpenoid Biomarkers." Energies 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154704.
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In some cases, the oil shale deposited in shallow lakes may be genetically associated with the coal-bearing successions. Although paleovegetation is an important controlling factor for the formation of oil shale- and coal-bearing successions, few studies have focused on their joint characterization. In this study, a total of twenty-one oil shale and coal samples were collected from the upper member of the Lower Cretaceous Muling Formation (K1ml2) in the Laoheishan Basin, and investigated for their bulk geochemical, maceral, palynological, and terpenoid biomarker characteristics, in order to reconstruct the paleovegetation and reveal its influence on the formation of oil shale and coal. The K1ml2 is subdivided into lower, middle, and upper units. The studied oil shale samples from the lower and upper units display a high ash yield (Ad), low total organic carbon (TOC) and sulfur (S) contents, and limited hydrocarbon generation potential. The studied coal samples from the middle unit are characterized by low Ad, and high TOC and low S values, and show significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The paleovegetation during the formation of the lower unit was dominated by mire vegetation, such as shrubs (e.g., Lygodiaceae, Schizaeaceae), tree ferns (e.g., Dicksoniaceae/Cyatheaceae), and coniferous trees (e.g., Podocarpaceae). In the middle unit interval, the paleovegetation was represented by highland vegetation (Pinaceae and Araucariaceae) and peat-forming coniferous plants (e.g., Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae). Various vegetation, such as herbs (e.g., Osmundaceae), shrubs (e.g., Schizaeaceae), and coniferous trees (e.g., Podocarpaceae) was prosperous during the upper unit interval. Coniferous trees could provide abundant hydrogen-rich materials (e.g., resins) to the mire/lake, which may elevate the hydrogen content in peat/lake sediments, and finally result in higher hydrocarbon generation potential in the coal than in the oil shale. Therefore, the influence of paleovegetation on the formation of oil shale and coal should be fully considered when studying oil shale- and coal-bearing successions. The results also provide guidance for further exploration studies on oil shale and coal in northeast China.
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Zong, Chen, Xiao Hui Zhang, and Qi Min Wang. "Analysis on the Calculation Methods of Acid Dew Point of Flue Gas." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.414.
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At present, there are lots of calculation methods of acid dew point of flue gas; formula of acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R has been widely applied in China. But this formula still has some problems, such as the desulphurization ability of different fuels, classification of sulfur content in fuel and the factors of SO2 transferred into SO3.In order to solve these problems,the formula of the acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R is adjusted. It was found that the precision of A.G.O kkes formula is the highest by comparing several formulas. So the last will be the compilation of the new formula and A.G.O kkes formula, the former Soviet union formula and the calculation of burning lean coal,bituminous coal and lignite typical instance of 600 MW,it was found that the precision of new formula calculation has improved.
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Bao, Guozhang, Wenyi Tang, Fanglin He, Weiwei Chen, Yue Zhu, Cunxin Fan, Mengyu Zhang, Yixin Chang, Jiaxing Sun, and Xuemei Ding. "Physiological response in the leaf and stolon of white clover under acid precipitation and freeze–thaw stress." Functional Plant Biology 47, no. 1 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19072.
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Freeze–thaw (FT) in northern China is a common event in spring and autumn, and the release of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning in winter is apt to trigger acid precipitation. Both these stresses can aggravate the wintering ability of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Acid precipitation and FT simulation experiments were carried out in the field and an indoor alternation refrigerator, respectively. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and antioxidant activity were tested under acid precipitation and FT stress. The results showed that under acid precipitation stress, the content of MDA, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased in both leaves and stolons, whereas soluble protein and soluble sugar content declined compared with the control groups. During the freezing period, the content of antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble protein and proline increased at first and then dropped, whereas MDA and soluble sugar content both increased. As a conclusion, the stolon of white clover is more sensitive than the leaf to short-term stress, either as the single FT stress or the combined stress of FT and acid precipitation, suggesting that maintaining more leaves can contribute to the resistance of white clover to these stresses.
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Fiedler, V., R. Nau, S. Ludmann, F. Arnold, H. Schlager, and A. Stohl. "Chinese SO<sub>2</sub> pollution over Europe – Part 1: Airborne trace gas measurements and source identification by particle dispersion model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 1377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-1377-2009.
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Abstract. A large SO2-rich pollution plume of Chinese origin was detected by aircraft based CIMS (Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry) measurements at 3–7.5 km altitude over the North Atlantic on 3 May 2006 during the INTEX (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment) campaign. Additional trace gases (NO, NOy, CO, H2O) were measured and used for comparison and source identification. All measurements took place aboard the German research aircraft Falcon. The atmospheric SO2 mole fraction was markedly increased inside the plume and reached up to 900 pmol/mol. The measured ratio SO2/NOy of 1.4 suggests combustion of coal or fuel with a very high sulfur content as a source of the excess SO2. Accompanying FLEXPART particle dispersion model simulations indicate that the probed pollution plume originated at low altitudes over densely populated and industrialized areas in eastern China about 8–12 days prior to the measurements.
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Pan, Libo, Xiao Guan, Bo Liu, Yanjun Chen, Ying Pei, Jun Pan, Yi Zhang, and Zhenzhen Hao. "Pollution Characteristics, Distribution and Ecological Risk of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils from an Abandoned Coal Mine Area in Southwestern China." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030330.
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned coal mines can lead to serious environmental problems due to its low pH and high concentrations of potentially toxic elements. In this study, soil pH, sulfur (S) content, and arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) concentrations were measured in 27 surface soil samples from areas in which coal-mining activities ceased nine years previously in Youyu Catchment, Guizhou Province, China. The soil was acidic, with a mean pH of 5.28. Cadmium was the only element with a mean concentration higher than the national soil quality standard. As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Fe concentrations were all higher than the background values in Guizhou Province. This was especially true for the Cd, Cu, and Fe concentrations, which were 1.69, 1.95, and 12.18 times their respective background values. The geoaccumulation index of Cd and Fe was present at unpolluted to moderately polluted and heavily polluted levels, respectively, indicating higher pollution levels than for the other elements in the study area. Spatially, significantly high Fe and S concentrations, as well as extremely low pH values, were found in the soils of the AMD sites; however, sites where tributaries merged with the Youyu River (TM) had the highest Cd pollution level. Iron originated mainly from non-point sources (e.g., AMD and coal gangues), while AMD and agricultural activity were the predominant sources of Cd. The results of an eco-risk assessment indicated that Cd levels presented a moderate potential ecological risk, while the other elements all posed a low risk. For the TM sites, the highest eco-risk was for Cd, with levels that could be harmful for aquatic organisms in the wet season, and may endanger human health via the food chain.
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Li, Bo, Fuqiang Zhang, Jialong Liao, Baoqing Li, Xinguo Zhuang, Xavier Querol, Natalia Moreno, and Yunfei Shangguan. "Geological Controls on Geochemical Anomaly of the Carbonaceous Mudstones in Xian’an Coalfield, Guangxi Province, China." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 5196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145196.
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The anomalous enrichment of the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), U, Mo, As, Se, and V in the coal-bearing intervals intercalated within the carbonate successions in South China has attracted much attention due to the highly promising recovery potential for these elements. This study investigates the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the late Permian coal-bearing intervals (layers A–F) intercalated in marine carbonate strata in the Xian’an Coalfield in Guangxi Province to elucidate the mode of occurrence and enrichment process of highly elevated elements. There are two mineralogical assemblages, including quartz-albite-kaolinite-carbonates assemblage in layers D–F and quartz-illite-kaolinite-carbonates assemblage in layers A–C. Compared to the upper continental crust composition (UCC), the REY, U, Mo, As, Se, and V are predominantly enriched in layers A and B, of which layer A displays the REY–V–Se–As assemblage while layer B shows the Mo–U–V assemblage. The elevated REY contents in layer B are primarily hosted by clay minerals, zircon, and monazite; Mo, U, and V show organic association; and As and Se primarily display Fe-sulfide association. Three geological factors are most likely responsible for geochemical anomaly: (1) the more intensive seawater invasion gives rise to higher sulfur, Co, Ni, As, and Se contents, as well as higher Sr/Ba ratio in layers A–C than in layers D–F; (2) both the input of alkaline pyroclastic materials and the solution/rock interaction jointly govern the anomalous enrichment of REY; and (3) the influx of syngenetic or early diagenetic hydrothermal fluids is the predominant source of U, Mo, V, Se, and As.
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Li, Haiyan, Jing Cheng, Qiang Zhang, Bo Zheng, Yuxuan Zhang, Guangjie Zheng, and Kebin He. "Rapid transition in winter aerosol composition in Beijing from 2014 to 2017: response to clean air actions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 17 (September 12, 2019): 11485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11485-2019.
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Abstract. The clean air actions implemented by the Chinese government in 2013 have led to significantly improved air quality in Beijing. In this work, we combined the in situ measurements of the chemical components of submicron particles (PM1) in Beijing during the winters of 2014 and 2017 and a regional chemical transport model to investigate the impact of clean air actions on aerosol chemistry and quantify the relative contributions of anthropogenic emissions, meteorological conditions, and regional transport to the changes in aerosol chemical composition from 2014 to 2017. We found that the average PM1 concentration in winter in Beijing decreased by 49.5 % from 2014 to 2017 (from 66.2 to 33.4 µg m−3). Sulfate exhibited a much larger decline than nitrate and ammonium, which led to a rapid transition from sulfate-driven to nitrate-driven aerosol pollution during the wintertime. Organic aerosol (OA), especially coal combustion OA, and black carbon also showed large decreasing rates, indicating the effective emission control of coal combustion and biomass burning. The decreased sulfate contribution and increased nitrate fraction were highly consistent with the much faster emission reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) due to phasing out coal in Beijing compared to reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions estimated by bottom-up inventory. The chemical transport model simulations with these emission estimates reproduced the relative changes in aerosol composition and suggested that the reduced emissions in Beijing and its surrounding regions played a dominant role. The variations in meteorological conditions and regional transport contributed much less to the changes in aerosol concentration and its chemical composition during 2014–2017 compared to the decreasing emissions. Finally, we speculated that changes in precursor emissions possibly altered the aerosol formation mechanisms based on ambient observations. The observed explosive growth of sulfate at a relative humidity (RH) greater than 50 % in 2014 was delayed to a higher RH of 70 % in 2017, which was likely caused by the suppressed sulfate formation through heterogeneous reactions due to the decrease in SO2 emissions. Thermodynamic simulations showed that the decreased sulfate and nitrate concentrations have lowered the aerosol water content, particle acidity, and ammonium particle fraction. The results in this study demonstrate the response of aerosol chemistry to the stringent clean air actions and identify that the anthropogenic emission reductions are a major driver, which could help to further guide air pollution control strategies in China.
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Lu, Xiaofeng, and R. S. Amano. "Feasible Experimental Study on the Utilization of a 300MW CFB Boiler Desulfurizating Bottom Ash for Construction Applications." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 4 (October 21, 2005): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2358146.
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Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has entered electric power industry field because of burning a wide range of fuels, while still achieving strict air emissions requirements. This study focuses on a 300MW CFB boiler, which will be one of the largest CFB boiler in the world. In a CFB boiler, fuels were burned with the addition of limestone to capture SO2 in a solid form. Therefore, the volume of ashes, both bottom ash and fly ash, discharged from a CFB boiler is much higher than the ashes discharged from a pulverized coal-fired (PC) boiler at the same capacity of the boiler. CFB boiler ash cannot be used as a cement replacement in concrete due to its unacceptably high sulfur content. The disposal in landfills has been the most common means of handling ash in circulating fluidized bed boiler power plants. However, for a 300MW CFB boiler power plant, there will be 600,000tons of ash discharged per year and will result in great volumes and disposal cost of ash byproduct. It was very necessary to solve the utilization of CFB ash and to decrease the disposal cost of CFB ash. The feasible experimental study results on the utilization of the bottom ashes of a 300MW CFB boiler in Baima power plant in China were reported in this paper. The bottom ashes used for test came from the discharged bottom ashes in a 100MW CFB boiler in which the anthracite and limestone designed for the 300MW CFB project was burned. The results of this study showed that the bottom ash could be used for cementitious material, road concrete, and road base material. The masonry cements, road concrete with 30MPa compressive strength and 4.0MPa flexural strength, and the road base material used for base courses of the expressway, the main road and the minor lane were all prepared with milled CFB bottom ashes in the lab. The better methods of utilization of the bottom ashes were discussed in this paper.
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Pak, Yu N., M. V. Ponomaryova, and D. Yu Pak. "Monitoring the sulfur content of coal." Coke and Chemistry 59, no. 1 (January 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x16010051.
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Sun, Hui, Hong Bo Xia, Qun Yang, Shuai Du, Dan Dan Song, and Hai Zhou Chang. "Investigation of Sulfur Transformation during Coking Process." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.228.
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Twenty-four kinds of coking coals which have different ranks are selected to investigate the sulfur transformation during coking process. The form sulfur in coals and cokes are determined by wet chemical method. The results show that the conversion of total sulfur during coal coking process is influenced by volatile content of coal and the content of the inertinite. The conversion of total sulfur is high for the large volatile content in coal. There is some linear correlation between the average conversion of total sulfur and the average inertinite content, this paper presents that the average conversion of total sulfur is high for the low average inertinite content. We also foud that coke sulfur depends primarily on the amount of coal sulfur, and the transformed capability of sulfide sulfur is stronger than that of the organic sulfur conversion for coal during coking process.
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Hong, Yetang, Hongbin Zhang, and Yongxuan Zhu. "Sulfur isotopic characteristics of coal in China and sulfur isotopic fractionation during coal-burning process." Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02869045.
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Gao, Fei, Zhe Jia, Ji Xia, Dapeng Wang, Yulong Yang, Yafei Shan, and Jiaqi Shen. "Study on H2S Occurrence in Low Sulfur Coal Seams." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5455101.
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Coal samples from the Shanxi Shaping coal mine were selected to investigate the occurrence of H2S in low sulfur coal seams. The adsorption mechanism of coal to H2S was explored, and an occurrence equation for H2S in coal seams was fitted through adsorption experiment results. The results showed that under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, the H2S adsorbed by coal reached equilibrium within 24 h. The increase in H2S concentrations and the moisture content of coal samples resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of H2S. Chemical adsorption of H2S by the coal also occurred. The total sulfur content in the coal increased, and water promoted the conversion from H2S to sulfur in coal. After adsorption, most of the H2S remains in the coal structure in the form of inorganic sulfur, such as sulfur hydride, iron sulfide sulfur, and monomeric sulfur, and a small proportion of H2S is bonded in the structure of the coal in the form of organic sulfur such as thiophene, C-S-C, and C-SH. Therefore, the higher the total sulfur content in coal, the greater the occurrence of H2S. The total amount of H2S increased exponentially with the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal at equilibrium. This meant that the total amount of H2S in the coal seam could be estimated by fitting an equation according to the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal seams. The concentration of free H2S decreased linearly with the increase in moisture content of the coal, therefore, the concentration of H2S in space could be reduced by injecting water into coal seams.
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Liu, Qian Yan, Yi Ran Zhang, Li Li Zhao, Yu Yu Yan, Qi Fen Li, Jiang Wu, Jian Xing Ren, Shuai Zheng, Yun Si Li, and Ru Xin Zhang. "Research on the Correlation between Mercury and Sulfur Content in Coals." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.526.
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To reduce mercury emission in the flue gas at coal-fired power plant, it is very important and meaningful to research the mercury content and the existing status of other elements in coal. In this paper, mercury and sulfur content including their relevant relations of existing speciations from five coal samples were studied. Experimental method was based on U.S. EPA Method 7471 and experimental apparatus was automatic mercury analysis system Hydra AA. The results showed that in these 5 coal samples, the range of mercury content was from 0.284μg/g to 0.663μg/g and the average content was 0.401μg/g. The range of sulfur content was from 0.688% to 5.546% and the average content was 2.30% . The existing status of mercury and sulfur in coal was very complex. Under normal circumstances, when there was high sulfur content in coal, there was also high mercury content. However, the low sulfur coal may be of high mercury content.
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Chernyavskyy, M. V., A. M. Voronov, O. V. Moiseienko, S. H. Duliienko, and T. M. Monastyriova. "Predicting changes in the sulfur content during steam coal preparation and the level of sulfur dioxide emissions when its combustion." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/032.
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Purpose. Development of a method and forecast estimation of sulfur dioxide emission reduction during combustion of steam coal by regulating its quality during coal preparation. Methodology. Study on sulfur content in coal using sieve, fractional analysis, analysis of ash and total sulfur content. Forecasting of sulfur content in concentrate according to the developed calculation method. Production tests at the coal preparation plant. Forecasting of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized coal combustion according to the developed calculation method. Findings. The distribution of sulfur content of Ukrainian steam bituminous coal by size classes depending on ash content is investigated; the proximity of sulfur content to the linear dependance on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The calculations of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized combustion of coal and its cleaned products taking into account their elemental composition is performed, and the linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the total sulfur content to lower heating value (LHV) ratio is proved. Based on the obtained results, methods are developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the concentrate and the forecasted level of SO2 emissions during its combustion; the optimal depth of preparation for the coal from various mines is determined by the criterion of compliance of the SO2 emission level with the current environmental standards. Originality. Proximity of the sulfur content to the linear dependence on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the ratio of the total sulfur content to LHV during pulverized combustion of coal and its clean products is proved. Practical value. A method has been developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the products of coal preparation by jigging, taking into account the allowable content of the high-density fraction in the concentrate and adding dense slimes to the coal preparation products. A method has been developed for determining the predicted level of SO2 emissions during their combustion. The optimal depth of the coal preparation for coal from various mines has been determined by the criterion of compliance of the level of SO2 emissions with the current environmental standards.
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Yuniar, Silky Amanda, Edy Nursanto, and Rika Ernawati. "POST-COMBUSTION COAL DESULFURIZATION Review." Eksergi 17, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v17i2.3828.
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The sulfur content in coal ranges from 0.5 to 5%, and it is an impurity that must be removed before burning coal, due to the toxic effects and acid rain caused by SO2 gas generated from sulfur oxidation. Sulfur cleaning technology can be carried out on coal before combustion (pre-combustion), and can reduce the inorganic sulfur content by up to 50%; however, it cannot reduce the organic sulfur content. Therefore, the industry relies on post-combustion desulfurization to remove SO2 from the gas from coal combustion. The aim of the coal desulfurization review is to direct desulfurization research to be efficient and effective, as well as to be environmentally friendly. Sulfur in coal consists of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur. Coal inorganic sulfur consists of pyrite (FeS2), sulfate, and sulfide. The largest composition is pyrite. Organic sulfur consists of hetero-atomic and heterocyclic (thiophenic) macromolecules that bind N and O atoms, aromatic sulfides, and aromatic disulfides (small amounts). Inorganic sulfur can easily be separated from coal by means of flotation, microwave energy, magnetic forces, ultrasonic energy, and as well as microorganisms. Meanwhile, organic sulfur cannot be separated from coal by using the methods used in the inorganic sulfur separation process. Organic sulfur can be removed by chemical and biodesulfurization, however, this process is inefficient for industrial scale. The most recommended method is the absorption of SO2 gas in the gas from coal combustion, or post-combustion desulfurization. Various methods have also been investigated to separate SO2 gas, and more details will be described in this paper.
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Xia, W., W. He, and J. Sokolović. "Effect of pyrolysis temperature on desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low rank coal." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy A: Mining 57, no. 1 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jmma2101027x.
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The sulfur in coal not only influences the coke quality but also pollutes the environment during the combustion. The desulfurization of high organic sulfur coal is a key issue in coal cleaning science. As the pyrolysis has been used in low-rank coal conversion to obtain gas/liquid products and coal char, the desulfurization effects of pyrolysis on the low-rank coal with high organic sulfur requires further studies. This study investigated the desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low-rank coal by the pyrolysis and the changes in the coal calorific value and sulfur forms during the pyrolysis. The XPS was applied to analyze the changing regulation of sulfur that forms on coal surface. The results indicated certain amount of FeS was newly created during the pyrolysis and high amounts of sulfate sulfur was transferred to pyrite sulfur and formed more FeS2 when compared to the distribution of raw coal. The total sulfur content of coal was reduced from 2.32% for raw coal to 1.68% for 700 °C pyrolysis coal and then the pyrolysis temperature had little effect on the sulfur content. The net calorific value (at constant volume and air-dry basis) was increased from 17.38 kJ for raw coal to 24.35 kJ for 700 °C pyrolysis coal. The pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C may be the best pyrolysis temperature for both low sulfur content and high calorific value.
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Wiranata, Beny, Hendra Amijaya, Ferian Anggara, Agung Rizki Perdana, Oyinta Fatma Isnadiyati, and Deddy Nan Setya Putra Tanggara. "Total Sulfur and Ash Yield of Tanjung Formation Coal in Sekako, Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan: Implication of Depositional Process." Journal of Applied Geology 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.53208.
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Tanjung Formation is one of the major coal-bearing deposit in the Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan. The distribution of total sulfur and ash yield in coal is closely related to the depositional environment. This study was to determine the total sulfur and ash yield and the interpretation of the dynamics of depositional process. Coal seam A and B generally have low to medium ash yield 2.82 to 9.23 (wt.%, db) and low total sulfur content of <1 (wt.%, db), except for the 6PLY1 coal sample which has total sulfur content that relatively high at 1.55 (wt.%, db). Coal samples 5PLY1A, 5PLY1B, 5PLY3, 5PLY5, 6PLY2, 6PLY4, 6PLY5, 6PLY7, and 6PLY9 which have low to medium ash yield and low total sulfur content <1% (wt.%, db) are formed in the topogeneous mire (freshwater swamp) in a fluvial environment. The total sulfur content was interpreted to be derived mainly from the parent plant materials. Meanwhile, the 6PLY1 coal sample which has an ash yield of 5.83 (wt.%, db) and total sulfur content of 1.55 (wt.%, db) formed in topogeneous mire in an environment that is invaded by sea water, and the total sulfur content were interpreted coming from the parent plant materials and the effect of seawater invasion which is rich in sulfate (SO4) compounds. It is also supported by the occurrence of syngenetic mineral content (framboidal pyrite) and epigenetic pyrite of 1.23 (vol.%).
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Mursito, Anggoro Tri, Widodo, and Danang Nor Arifin. "Characterization of bio-coal briquettes blended from low quality coal and biomass waste treated by Garant® bio-activator and its application for fuel combustion." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00309-0.
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AbstractExperimental research was carried out on the manufacturing of bio-coal briquettes from a blend of two different types of low-quality coal and biomass waste in the absence of coal carbonization, where the third blend of the material was fermented by adding a bio-activator solution before pressurizing the components into briquettes. The coal samples from Caringin–Garut Regency (BB–Garut) had a low calorific value and a high sulfur content (6.57 wt%), whereas the coal samples from Bayah–Lebak Regency (BB–Bayah) had a higher calorific value and a lower sulfur content (0.51 wt%). The biomass added to the coal blend is in the form of fermented cow dung (Bio–Kohe), and it had a calorific value of 4192 kcal/kg and a total sulfur content of 1.56 wt%. The main objective of this study is to determine the total decrease in the sulfur content in a blend of coal and biomass in which a fermentation process was carried out using a bio-activator for 24 h. The used bio-activator was made from Garant® (1:40) + molasses 1 wt%/vol, and its used amount was 0.2 L/kg. Also, the total sulfur content in the blend was 1.00 wt%–1.14 wt%, which fulfills the necessary quality requirements for non-carbonized bio-coal briquettes. The pyritic and sulfate content in the raw coal was dominant, and the organic sulfur, when fermented with Garant®, was found to be less in the produced bio-coal briquettes by 38%–58%.
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Gao, Fei, Zhe Jia, Mei-ling Qin, Xiao-gang Mu, Yi-fei Teng, Ying-di Li, and Qi-hui Bai. "Effects of organic sulfur on oxidation spontaneous combustion characteristics of coking coal." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 40, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01445987211049045.
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Research on the spontaneous combustion of coal caused by sulfur has always been focused on pyrite in coal but has rarely considered the influence of organic sulfur. In this paper, coal samples, rather than model compounds, were used to study the influence of organic sulfur content in coal on its spontaneous combustion process. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry indicate that organic sulfur in Shuiyu clean coal exists in forms of mercaptan, thioether, sulfone (sulfoxide), and thiophene. With the decrease of organic sulfur content, the characteristic temperature points and the peak values of the exothermic curves in the process of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion all shifted toward higher temperatures. The ignition activation energy of coal also increased, and the initial and peak gas evolution temperatures of the oxidation products shifted toward higher temperatures. These findings suggest that the reduction of organic sulfur content can inhibit the oxidation process and spontaneous combustion tendency of coal. This effectively reveals the mechanism of the spontaneous combustion of coal and is of great significance to future studies in this field.
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Liu, Chengyuan, and Qingyue Wang. "New Approach Study on Dry Coal Cleaning System with Two-Stage Corona Electrostatic Processes for High-Sulfur Low-Grade Fine Coals." Processes 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111915.
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Corona electrostatic separation can remove inorganic materials from coal, reduce coal ash content and sulfur content and improve coal quality, reduce air pollution caused by smoke dust, SOX, and COX. The performance of corona electrostatic separation technology in cleaning a middle ash medium-ash, high-sulfur coal was experimentally investigated. The electrode voltage, drum rotational speed, and feeding speed were tested, whereas other parameters were maintained constant during the experiment. The results indicate that the performance of this technology in cleaning medium-ash, high-sulfur coal can be improved by optimizing the process parameters. The results demonstrate that corona electrostatic separation is effective for the beneficiation of this grade coal. In addition, the efficiency of coal cleaning is significantly improved by adding the second stage beneficiation to clean the middlings out from the first stage beneficiation. In this study, the first stage of beneficiation recovered 38.00% (by weight) of clean coal (ash content below 20%), and the second stage recovered 48.58% (by weight) of clean coal, improving the overall separation efficiency from 0.69 to 1.74. Furthermore, the sulfur content was reduced from 4.71% (raw coal) to 3.53% (clean coal). Our result show that corona electrostatic separation can effectively reject inorganic sulfur from raw coal, and the two-stage separate is also very helpful for coal purification.
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Бутузова, Людмила Федорівна, Руслан Васильович Маковський, Григорій Григорович Клешня, Денис Юрійович Мілов, Юрій Степанович Кафтан, Оксана Миколаївна Турчаніна, and Генадій Миколайович Бутузов. "Coking coal mixture with high content of weakly coking and sulfur coal." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 5(73) (February 26, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2015.37022.
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Yao, Hai-Fei. "Study on the Effect of Polysulfide Content on the Micromorphology and Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Coal." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7399808.
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This paper aimed to study the effect of the polysulfide content on the micromorphology and spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal, in order to develop more targeted prevention and treatment strategies. To this end, this study selected the method of mixing different sulfides with very low sulfur content raw coal to prepare the coal samples to be tested. Various parameters, such as true density, porosity, micromorphology, and oxygen uptake of the different sulfur samples, were tested. The results reveal that sulfide had a certain expansion effect on the coal body and improved the pore structure of coal, and the porosity increased with the increase of the sulfur content. After adding iron (II) disulfide (FeS2) and iron (II) sulfide (FeS) powder to the original coal sample, the number of fine particles on the surface increased significantly. After increasing the oxidation temperature, the lamellar structure disintegrated, and the massive coal body was broken into several fine particles, which promoted the spontaneous combustion of coal. Polysulfide promotes the low-temperature oxygen absorption of coal and shortens the natural firing period of coal. FeS has a slightly greater effect on increasing the tendency of coal to spontaneously combust and shortening the shortest natural firing period of coal. Before the addition of FeS2 and FeS to the coal samples, the coal production amount was not much different below 80–90°C, and then, the gap gradually widened. Under the same temperature condition of coal, carbon monoxide (CO) production basically occurred first as the sulfur content increased. When FeS2 and FeS were added, the sulfur content of the coal samples was 3 and 4%, respectively, and the production of CO and ethene (C2H4) was the largest. Although the peak areas of aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, hydroxyl group, and carbonyl group in the coal samples with FeS were different, they all reached their maximum value when the sulfur content was 4%.
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Anggreini, Dian, Syamsul Bahtiar, Fauzi Widyawati, and Syamsul Hidayat. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL MOISTURE, TOTAL SULPHUR DAN ASH CONTENT TERHADAP GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE PADA BATUBARA." Jurnal TAMBORA 5, no. 3 (October 21, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v5i3.1316.
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Most of the coal is used as fuel in power plants,cement industry and metal processing industry. Use of coal as fuelwill depend on the quality of the coal used. The main parameters thatdetermining the quality of coal is the calorific value. Meanwhile, the calorific value of a coalwill depend on several parameters, namely total moisture, total sulfur andash content. This study aims to determine the effect of the relationship betweenthe content of some of these parameters on the calorific value of a coal. Analysisperformed using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).The stages of this analysis include sample preparation, air dry loss testing, residualmoisture, total sulfur, ash content and gross calorific value. The results of the analysis showthat the higher the total moisture content, total sulfur and ash content, the higher thecauses the lower the calorific value of a coal.
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Pratiwi, Tiara, Junaidi Junaidi, and Zulfikar Ali As. "Pengaruh Jarak Sumber Pencemar Terhadap Kada Sulfat (SO4) pada Debu Terendap di Sepanjang Jalan Angkut Batubara." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v14i2.74.
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Abstract: The Influence Of The Distance Of Pollutant Source On Sulfate (So4) Concentrations In The Dust Along The Coal Haul Road. One of the quality parameters of coal is Sulfur. Sulfur content in coal be able to reach 4%. Sulfur content in coal at South Kalimantan mine ranges from 0.08 – 1.58%. Sulfur can be in the form of pyrite as S2 and sulfate as SO4. Sulfur content in coal dust that floats in the air will fall along with rain. This study aims to determine the effect of distance to SO4 levels on dust along coal haul roads. The sampling point was taken from variation of distance that is 1 m, 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, and 200 m from the side of coal haul road. The results showed that the highest sulfate concentration was at 1 m distance from the side of the road, that was 37.865 mg/L, and the lowest was at 200 m distance from the side of the road, that was 3.405 mg/L. These sulfate concentrations were proportional to dust fall. The farther the sampling point, the sulfate content decreases.
Keywords: Dust Fall; sulfate concentration; distance.