Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coal Sulfur content Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Coal Sulfur content Australia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

1

Ge, Tao. "A Research into the Distribution Characteristics & Natural Existing Condition of the Mercury in the Coal of Huainan City." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.448.

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The mercury content in the raw coal is one of the important basic data to estimate the mercury emission of the coal. The outcome of the test and analysis of the mercury content in the raw coal of the 9 mines in Huainan Coalfield has shown that the mercury content in the coal samples of Huainan, although higher than that in the coal of the United States，Russia，Germany，Australia，etc., is within the normal range, with no major differences from that of the coal in North China region. With a research into the content change of the mercury in the coal in the process of washing and in combination with the relevant analysis result of the relation between the mercury in the coal and sulfur, ash content, selenium, we have inferred that the mercury in the coal of Huainan is existing naturally in the minerals, but has come into combination with organic matter in some way or scattered in the organic groups in the form of particles.
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Moyo, Annah, Juarez R. do Amaral Filho, Susan T.L. Harrison, and Jennifer L. Broadhurst. "Implications of Sulfur Speciation on the Assessment of Acid Rock Drainage Generating Potential: A Study of South African Coal Processing Wastes." Minerals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120776.

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The presence of sulfur in coal processing wastes can lead to environmental impacts, such as acid rock drainage (ARD). However, not all sulfur species are acid-forming, and the implications of sulfur speciation when assessing acid rock drainage potential by means of static chemical tests are not well understood. This study set out to evaluate the implications of different sulfur forms on the assessment of acid rock drainage potential using static laboratory-scale tests and to investigate the reliability of methods for the analysis of such forms for the case of three South African coal processing wastes. Both the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 157:1996 and Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) C15034 protocols were found to be suitable tools for analyzing the different forms of sulfur. Acid-generating sulfur forms constituted between 53% and 64% of the total sulfur in the wastes evaluated, with the maximum potential acidity (MPA) and net acid-producing potential (NAPP) values calculated on the basis of acid-forming sulfur being significantly lower than those calculated on the basis of total sulfur content. Results also showed that the partial conversion of sulfur species under the relatively aggressive conditions of the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and net acid generation (NAG) tests may overestimate the potential acid generating potential in the case of coal. These findings highlight the uncertainties associated with standard ARD static tests and the importance of taking sulfur speciation into account when calculating the MPA for coal processing wastes.
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Lambourne, LJ, and IM Wood. "Nutritional quality of grain of Australian cultivars of lablab bead (Lablab purpureus)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850169.

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Nutritional studies using rats have shown that the grains of Rongai and Highworth, the current commercial cultivars of lablab bean in Australia, and of CPI41222, a white-seeded accession, have low nutritive value. Diets containing raw beans of the three accessions at levels up to 12% crude protein led to severe weight losses of up to 0.89 g/day compared with weight gains of up to 2.8 g/day with autoclaved soybean meal. Autoclaving for 20 min or boiling the grain improved growth rates only marginally. Increasing the period of autoclaving reduced the feeding value; extraction of the grain with saline solution or treatment with formaldehyde failed to improve it. These results are consistent with previous reports of the presence in lablab beans of a heat-labile phytohaemagglutinin. Blood haemoglobin levels were signifycantly depressed on diets which contained Highworth beans. The proteins of all accessions contained low levels of the sulfur-containing amino acids; a deficiency of methionine was confirmed by feeding trials. The level of histidine in the lablab protein was about 50% higher than in soybean and, in supplementation trials, additions of histidine reduced growth rates. In two feeding trials, there were good correlations (R2=0.85 and 0.92) between weight gains and digestible dry matter intake, indicating that the differences in growth rates were primarily the result of differences in intake. Intakes of digestible dry matter and digestible crude protein and the digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were all significantly lower with Rongai than with the other two accessions. These differences do not appear to be associated with the quality of the protein as shown by amino acid analyses or by the responses to supplementation with essential amino acids. They also do not appear to be associated with seed coat colour, seed size or crude protein content of the grain.
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Pak, Yu N., M. V. Ponomaryova, and D. Yu Pak. "Monitoring the sulfur content of coal." Coke and Chemistry 59, no. 1 (January 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x16010051.

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Sun, Hui, Hong Bo Xia, Qun Yang, Shuai Du, Dan Dan Song, and Hai Zhou Chang. "Investigation of Sulfur Transformation during Coking Process." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.228.

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Twenty-four kinds of coking coals which have different ranks are selected to investigate the sulfur transformation during coking process. The form sulfur in coals and cokes are determined by wet chemical method. The results show that the conversion of total sulfur during coal coking process is influenced by volatile content of coal and the content of the inertinite. The conversion of total sulfur is high for the large volatile content in coal. There is some linear correlation between the average conversion of total sulfur and the average inertinite content, this paper presents that the average conversion of total sulfur is high for the low average inertinite content. We also foud that coke sulfur depends primarily on the amount of coal sulfur, and the transformed capability of sulfide sulfur is stronger than that of the organic sulfur conversion for coal during coking process.
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Gao, Fei, Zhe Jia, Ji Xia, Dapeng Wang, Yulong Yang, Yafei Shan, and Jiaqi Shen. "Study on H2S Occurrence in Low Sulfur Coal Seams." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5455101.

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Coal samples from the Shanxi Shaping coal mine were selected to investigate the occurrence of H2S in low sulfur coal seams. The adsorption mechanism of coal to H2S was explored, and an occurrence equation for H2S in coal seams was fitted through adsorption experiment results. The results showed that under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, the H2S adsorbed by coal reached equilibrium within 24 h. The increase in H2S concentrations and the moisture content of coal samples resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of H2S. Chemical adsorption of H2S by the coal also occurred. The total sulfur content in the coal increased, and water promoted the conversion from H2S to sulfur in coal. After adsorption, most of the H2S remains in the coal structure in the form of inorganic sulfur, such as sulfur hydride, iron sulfide sulfur, and monomeric sulfur, and a small proportion of H2S is bonded in the structure of the coal in the form of organic sulfur such as thiophene, C-S-C, and C-SH. Therefore, the higher the total sulfur content in coal, the greater the occurrence of H2S. The total amount of H2S increased exponentially with the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal at equilibrium. This meant that the total amount of H2S in the coal seam could be estimated by fitting an equation according to the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal seams. The concentration of free H2S decreased linearly with the increase in moisture content of the coal, therefore, the concentration of H2S in space could be reduced by injecting water into coal seams.
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Liu, Qian Yan, Yi Ran Zhang, Li Li Zhao, Yu Yu Yan, Qi Fen Li, Jiang Wu, Jian Xing Ren, Shuai Zheng, Yun Si Li, and Ru Xin Zhang. "Research on the Correlation between Mercury and Sulfur Content in Coals." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.526.

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To reduce mercury emission in the flue gas at coal-fired power plant, it is very important and meaningful to research the mercury content and the existing status of other elements in coal. In this paper, mercury and sulfur content including their relevant relations of existing speciations from five coal samples were studied. Experimental method was based on U.S. EPA Method 7471 and experimental apparatus was automatic mercury analysis system Hydra AA. The results showed that in these 5 coal samples, the range of mercury content was from 0.284μg/g to 0.663μg/g and the average content was 0.401μg/g. The range of sulfur content was from 0.688% to 5.546% and the average content was 2.30% . The existing status of mercury and sulfur in coal was very complex. Under normal circumstances, when there was high sulfur content in coal, there was also high mercury content. However, the low sulfur coal may be of high mercury content.
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Chernyavskyy, M. V., A. M. Voronov, O. V. Moiseienko, S. H. Duliienko, and T. M. Monastyriova. "Predicting changes in the sulfur content during steam coal preparation and the level of sulfur dioxide emissions when its combustion." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/032.

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Purpose. Development of a method and forecast estimation of sulfur dioxide emission reduction during combustion of steam coal by regulating its quality during coal preparation. Methodology. Study on sulfur content in coal using sieve, fractional analysis, analysis of ash and total sulfur content. Forecasting of sulfur content in concentrate according to the developed calculation method. Production tests at the coal preparation plant. Forecasting of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized coal combustion according to the developed calculation method. Findings. The distribution of sulfur content of Ukrainian steam bituminous coal by size classes depending on ash content is investigated; the proximity of sulfur content to the linear dependance on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The calculations of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized combustion of coal and its cleaned products taking into account their elemental composition is performed, and the linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the total sulfur content to lower heating value (LHV) ratio is proved. Based on the obtained results, methods are developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the concentrate and the forecasted level of SO2 emissions during its combustion; the optimal depth of preparation for the coal from various mines is determined by the criterion of compliance of the SO2 emission level with the current environmental standards. Originality. Proximity of the sulfur content to the linear dependence on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the ratio of the total sulfur content to LHV during pulverized combustion of coal and its clean products is proved. Practical value. A method has been developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the products of coal preparation by jigging, taking into account the allowable content of the high-density fraction in the concentrate and adding dense slimes to the coal preparation products. A method has been developed for determining the predicted level of SO2 emissions during their combustion. The optimal depth of the coal preparation for coal from various mines has been determined by the criterion of compliance of the level of SO2 emissions with the current environmental standards.
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Yuniar, Silky Amanda, Edy Nursanto, and Rika Ernawati. "POST-COMBUSTION COAL DESULFURIZATION Review." Eksergi 17, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v17i2.3828.

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The sulfur content in coal ranges from 0.5 to 5%, and it is an impurity that must be removed before burning coal, due to the toxic effects and acid rain caused by SO2 gas generated from sulfur oxidation. Sulfur cleaning technology can be carried out on coal before combustion (pre-combustion), and can reduce the inorganic sulfur content by up to 50%; however, it cannot reduce the organic sulfur content. Therefore, the industry relies on post-combustion desulfurization to remove SO2 from the gas from coal combustion. The aim of the coal desulfurization review is to direct desulfurization research to be efficient and effective, as well as to be environmentally friendly. Sulfur in coal consists of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur. Coal inorganic sulfur consists of pyrite (FeS2), sulfate, and sulfide. The largest composition is pyrite. Organic sulfur consists of hetero-atomic and heterocyclic (thiophenic) macromolecules that bind N and O atoms, aromatic sulfides, and aromatic disulfides (small amounts). Inorganic sulfur can easily be separated from coal by means of flotation, microwave energy, magnetic forces, ultrasonic energy, and as well as microorganisms. Meanwhile, organic sulfur cannot be separated from coal by using the methods used in the inorganic sulfur separation process. Organic sulfur can be removed by chemical and biodesulfurization, however, this process is inefficient for industrial scale. The most recommended method is the absorption of SO2 gas in the gas from coal combustion, or post-combustion desulfurization. Various methods have also been investigated to separate SO2 gas, and more details will be described in this paper.
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Xia, W., W. He, and J. Sokolović. "Effect of pyrolysis temperature on desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low rank coal." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy A: Mining 57, no. 1 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jmma2101027x.

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The sulfur in coal not only influences the coke quality but also pollutes the environment during the combustion. The desulfurization of high organic sulfur coal is a key issue in coal cleaning science. As the pyrolysis has been used in low-rank coal conversion to obtain gas/liquid products and coal char, the desulfurization effects of pyrolysis on the low-rank coal with high organic sulfur requires further studies. This study investigated the desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low-rank coal by the pyrolysis and the changes in the coal calorific value and sulfur forms during the pyrolysis. The XPS was applied to analyze the changing regulation of sulfur that forms on coal surface. The results indicated certain amount of FeS was newly created during the pyrolysis and high amounts of sulfate sulfur was transferred to pyrite sulfur and formed more FeS2 when compared to the distribution of raw coal. The total sulfur content of coal was reduced from 2.32% for raw coal to 1.68% for 700 °C pyrolysis coal and then the pyrolysis temperature had little effect on the sulfur content. The net calorific value (at constant volume and air-dry basis) was increased from 17.38 kJ for raw coal to 24.35 kJ for 700 °C pyrolysis coal. The pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C may be the best pyrolysis temperature for both low sulfur content and high calorific value.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

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Telfer, Marnie. "Sulphur transformations during pyrolysis of low-rank coals and characterisation of Ca-based sorbents." Title page, summary and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht2712.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 279-293. Temperature-programmed Pyrolysis experiments employing Bowmans and Lochiel low-rank coal and treated Bowmans coals, were conducted to investigate the sulphur transformations during pyrolysis.
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BARUA, SUKHENDU LAL. "APPLICATION OF CONDITIONAL SIMULATION MODEL TO RUN-OF-MINE COAL SAMPLING FREQUENCY DETERMINATION AND COAL QUALITY CONTROL AT THE POWER PLANT (BLENDING, GOAL PROGRAMMING, MICROCOMPUTER)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187940.

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Run-of-mine (ROM) coal sampling is one of the most important factors in determining the disposition of ROM coal for an overall emission control strategy. Determination of the amount of sample, or still better, the frequency of ROM coal sampling is thus essential to the analysis of overall emission control strategies. A simulation model of a portion of the Upper Freeport coal seam in western Pennsylvania was developed employing conditional simulation. On the simulated deposit, different mining methods were simulated to generate ROM coal data. ROM coal data was statistically analyzed to determine the sampling frequency. Two schemes were suggested: (1) the use of geostatistical techniques if there is spatial correlation in ROM coal quality, and (2) the use of classical statistics if the spatial correlation in ROM coal quality is not present. Conditions under which spatial correlation in ROM coal quality can be expected are also examined. To link the ROM coal and coals from other sources to coal stockpiles and subsequently to solve coal blending problems, where varying qualities of stockpiled coals are normally used, an interactive computer program was developed. Simple file-handling, for stockpiling problems, and multi-objective goal programming technique, for blending problems, provided their solutions. The computer program was made suitable for use on both minicomputer and microcomputer. Menu-driven and interactive capabilities give this program a high level of flexibility that is needed to analyze and solve stockpiling and blending problems at the power plant.
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Telfer, Marnie. "Sulphur transformations during pyrolysis of low-rank coals and characterisation of Ca-based sorbents / by Marnie Telfer." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19410.

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Bibliography: leaves 279-293.
xxxiv, 323 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Temperature-programmed Pyrolysis experiments employing Bowmans and Lochiel low-rank coal and treated Bowmans coals, were conducted to investigate the sulphur transformations during pyrolysis.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2000
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Books on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

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A, Attia Yosry, ed. Processing and utilization of high sulfur coals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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C, Cobb James. Sulfur in Kentucky coal and the clean air act amendments of 1990. Lexington: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, 1992.

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Derda, Małgorzata. Izotopy siarki w przyrodzie: Metodyka oznaczania stosunków izotopowych siarki w węglu i ropie naftowej metodą spektrometrii masowej. Warszawa: Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej, 1999.

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Hackley, Keith C. Study of sulfur behavior and removal during thermal desulfurization of Illinois coals. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1990.

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Harvey, Richard D. Characterization of organic sulfur in macerals and chars. Champaign, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Illinois State Geological Survey, 1992.

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Harvey, Richard D. Characterization of the organic sulfur in macerals and chars. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1990.

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Demir, Ilham. Characterization of available (marketed) coals from Illinois mines. Champaign, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Illinois State Geological Survey, 1994.

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International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals. (5th 1993 Lexington, Ky.). Processing and utilization of high-sulfur coals V: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High-Sulfur Coals, October 25-28, 1993. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

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International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals. (1st 1985 Columbus, Ohio). Processing and utilization of high sulfur coals: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals, October 13-17, 1985, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.

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International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals. (3rd 1989 Ames, Iowa). Processing and utilization of high-sulfur coals III: Based on the Third International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High-Sulfur Coals, November 14-16, 1989, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

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Wang, Xuebin, Hongying Wu, Shuanghui Deng, Lan Zhang, Bo Wei, and Houzhang Tan. "A Mechanism Study on the Decomposition of Sulfate in Zhundong Coal with High Sulfur Content in Coal Ash." In Clean Coal Technology and Sustainable Development, 101–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2023-0_14.

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Oliazadeh, M., A. R. Shahverdi, M. Tabatabaei, and M. Sanati. "Microbial desulfurization of a high content sulfur coal." In Mining Science and Technology, 617–22. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203022528-119.

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Tabatabaei, M., M. Oliazadeh, A. Shahverdi, and M. Sanati. "Microbial desulfurization of a high content sulfur coal." In Mining Science and Technology, 617–21. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203022528.ch119.

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Schobert, Harold. "Environment." In Rethinking Coal, 120—C9.P96. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199767083.003.0009.

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Abstract Any strategy for using coal for electricity generation has potentially significant impacts on the environment if steps are not taken to minimize emissions. Acid rain results from emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides produced during combustion. Reducing the sulfur content of the coal before it is burned or capturing sulfur oxides before they can be released are both helpful steps. Tiny ash particles suspended in the flue gases are captured by electrostatic precipitators or in baghouses. The hazardous trace element mercury can be controlled by adsorbing mercury vapors on activated carbon. A coal-fired power plant has greatly reduced emissions compared to plants of even a few decades ago. Because the dominant element in all coals is carbon, coal-fired plants will continue to emit large quantities of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide problem is the source of much of the pressure to reduce or eliminate the use of coal in electricity generation.
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Schobert, Harold. "Preparation." In Rethinking Coal, 85—C7.P72. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199767083.003.0007.

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Abstract Most coals require one or more treatment operations to convert the coal as it came from the mine into a product of consistent quality that satisfies the specifications for its use. Coals can be prepared for use by one or more strategies. Size reduction of as-mined pieces produces material segregated into various size ranges. Coal cleaning reduces the amount of ash-forming inorganic constituents, decreasing the amount of ash to be handled when the coal is used. Removal of pyrite provides a way to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from combustion. Drying or dewatering reduces moisture content. None of the coal preparation operations destroys the unwanted components; they must be dealt with separately. Prepared coal often needs to be stored or stockpiled before it is used. For some coals, storage can lead to the problem of “spontaneous” combustion.
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"Pollution Control." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0017.

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Coal is now used mainly as fuel for the production of electricity. Worldwide about 28% of commercial energy production depends on coal. In the United States it is about 31% and in some coal rich but oil poor countries such as China, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic the figures are 73%, 56%, 95% and 86%, respectively (1). Because of the ample supply of available coal, dependence on coal as an energy source will probably remain high for some time to come. However, coal is the most polluting of all fuels; its main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Depending on its origin, coal contains between 1 and 2.5% or more sulfur. This sulfur comes in three forms: pyrite (FeS2), organic bound sulfur, and a very small amount of sulfates (2). Upon combustion, about 15% of the total sulfur is retained in the ashes. The rest is emitted with flue gases, mostly as SO2 but also, to a lesser extent, as SO3. This mixture is frequently referred to as SOx (2). The three basic approaches to the control of SOx emission are prepurification of coal before combustion, removal of sulfur during combustion, and purification of flue gases. The first approach, referred to as a benefication process, is based on a difference in specific gravity between coal (sp gr = 1.2–1.5) and pyrite (sp gr = 5). Although the technical arrangements may vary, in essence the procedure involves floating the crushed coal in a liquid of specific gravity between that of pure coal and that of pyrite. Coal is removed from the surface while pyrite and other minerals settle to the bottom. Coal benefication can reduce sulfur content by about 40% (2). Although gravity separation is presently the only procedure in use, research was initiated on microbial purification of coal. A research project conducted by the Institute of Gas Technology, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, was aimed at the development of genetically engineered bacteria capable of removing organic sulfur from coal. Inorganic sulfur can be removed by the naturally occurring bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (3).
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"Evidence of corrosion in home piping system began to appear in fixture stains and metallic taste. In 1985, the Federal Government did surveys of heavy metals in water supplies, focusing on lead in drinking water and its effect on children. The prevalence of this metal resulted in the banning of lead from solder used in plumbing. In 1988, and in 1989, regulations reduced the safe limit of lead in water from 50^gm/L to 5 μgm/L, with an action level at 15pgm/L in a first draw sample. At the same time the E.P.A. provided guidance documents to schools and day care centers to help reduce children's lead exposure in water supplies. Grants were made available to states to be used for spreading the knowledge about this danger. However, the Federal regulations applied only to public water supplies, which were defined as systems serving 25 or more people. But private wells serving family homes, many containing children, were not included. Children could be assured of regulated water supplies in school, but not at home. Aware that lead was a problem in paint chips, Connecticut required that pediatricians test for traces of lead in children at age two. The Federal act recognized that the primary source of lead in water supplies came through home plumbing systems stemming from the corrosion by the water. This was remedied by requiring public water supplies to prevent corrosion, usually by adding alkalinity to the water. Here again, private wells not included in the educational phase of the program were also not included in the remedies. While these activities with water supplies were occurring, a phenomenon of a different sort was originating in states hundreds of miles away from Southeastern Connecticut. Throughout the Midwest and into West Virginia and Kentucky, electric power generators were erecting tall stacks to disperse sulfur dioxide gasses high into the atmosphere. The gas came mostly from the burning of high sulfur coal mined nearby. The Federal air pollution standards for ambient air were being met in the Midwest by the use of these tall stacks. In the eastern states, restrictions on sulfur content of fuels, mostly petroleum based, were used to meet the ambient air standards. By the early 1980's Connecticut eased its restrictions on sulfur content in these fuels from 0.5% to 1% by weight . Still, during the next five years the sulfur dioxide level actually decreased. However, in 1986, other data collected by the State showed that 32% of the rain storms had an acidic pH of 4.0 or below [ 1 ]. The lowest pH ’ s recorded that year were 3.6. The State also reported that from 1985 to 1996 there had been a further decrease in ambient sulfur dioxide levels [ 2 ]." In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 30th Mid-Atlantic Conference, 860. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781498709453-139.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

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Widodo, Sri, Sufriadin, Meinarni Thamrin, and Khairul Alif. "Reduction of sulfur and ash content on Mallawa’s coal using flotation column method." In THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH EPI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (EICSE) 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095362.

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Selc¸uk, Nevin, Yusuf Gogebakan, and Hakan Altindag. "Co-Firing of Steam Coal With High Sulfur Content Lignite in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78067.

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Combustion and emission behavior of 100 % steam coal (SET 1) and a mixture of 80 % by weight steam coal and 20 % by weight local lignite, characterized by high sulfur and ash contents, (SET 2) were investigated in the 0.3 MWt Middle East Technical University (METU) Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor (ABFBC) Test Rig. Experiments were performed with limestone addition at various Ca/S molar ratios with fines recycle. In both sets of experiments, parameters other than Ca/S molar ratio were held as nearly constant as possible. On-line measurements of O2, CO2, CO, SO2, NOx emissions were carried out. Comparisons between the emissions show that lower NOx and SO2 emissions are obtained from combustion of steam coal/lignite mixture compared to those from steam coal only despite higher sulfur and almost equal nitrogen contents of the mixture. Calculated combustion efficiencies were found to be around 98 and 96 % for SET 1 and SET 2, respectively. As for the sulfur retention efficiencies, up to three times higher efficiencies were achieved when steam coal is co-fired with high sulfur lignite.
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3

Wojciechowicz, A., L. Buczkowski, S. Bednarczyk, J. Kowalewski, and M. Ziçba. "Possibility of Using VIS-NIR Spectroscopic Methods to Determine the Sulfur Content in Brown Coal." In 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902483.

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4

Bilgin, Oyku. "Reduction of sulfur content in coal structure by chemical methods and investigation of test results." In 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismsit.2018.8567292.

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5

Rokni, Emad, Hsun Hsien Chi, and Yiannis A. Levendis. "In-Furnace Sulfur Capture by Co-Firing Coal With Alkali-Based Sorbents." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65549.

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Over the last quarter of a century, since the 1990 US Clean Air Act Amendments were enacted the gaseous sulfur emission, in the form of sulfur dioxide, have been reduced [1] by a factor of 4, by switching to lower sulfur content coals, installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sorbents or switching altogether to natural gas as a fuel. Penetration of alternative energy generation also has had a positive impact. However, current emissions of sulfur dioxide are still voluminous, amounting to 3,242,000 short tons annually in the USA [2]. As wet flue gas desulfurization is both real-estate- and capital-intensive, infurnace dry sorbent injection has been considered over the years to be a viable alternative. However there is still uncertainty on the best selection of the sorbents for particular coals and furnace operating conditions. This is particularly the case when it is economically attractive for the power-plant operator to burn locally-sourced high-sulfur coal, such as the case of Illinois bituminous coals. This manuscript presents experimental results on the reduction of sulfur oxide emissions from combustion of a high-sulfur content pulverized bituminous coal (Illinois #6 Macoupin). The coal particles were in the size range of 90–125 μm and were blended with dry calcium-, sodium-, potassium-, and magnesium-containing powdered sorbents at different proportions. The alkali/S molar ratios were chosen to be at stoichiometric proportions (Ca/S = 1, Mg/S = 1, Na2/S = 2, and K2/S = 2) and the effectiveness of each alkali or alkali earth based sorbent was evaluated separately. Combustion of coal took place in a drop-tube furnace, electrically-heated to 1400 K under fuel-lean conditions. The evolution of combustion effluent gases, such as NOx, SO2 and CO2 were monitored and compared among the different sorbent cases. The use of these sorbents helps to resolve the potential of different alkali metals for effective in-furnace sulfur oxide capture and possible NOx reduction. It also assesses the effectiveness of various chemical compounds of the alkalis, such as oxides, carbonates, peroxides and acetates.
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Cheng, Leming, Zhongyang Luo, Zhenglun Shi, Haixiao Zheng, Qinghui Wang, Xiang Gao, Mengxiang Fang, and Chunjiang Yu. "Combustion Behavior and SO2, NOx Emissions of an Anthracite Coal in a Circulating Fluidized Bed." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78065.

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Combustion behavior and SO2, NOx emissions of anthracite coal in a circulating fluidized bed are reported in this paper. Experimental researches were done on a 1 MWt circulating fluidized bed facility with a 0.31 m × 0.31 m cross section and 11.2 m height combustor. The anthracite coal with 6.28% volatile and 3.76% sulfur content burns steadily during the test. The bed was operated under different temperature, Ca/S ratio and excess air. A limestone containing 75% CaCO3 and 15% MgCO3 was used as the sulfur sorbent. Results show that the SO2 emission varies with operating bed temperature and more than 90% sulfur capture efficiency can be reached while Ca/S is about 3. With Rosemount Analytical NGA2000, N2O, NO and NO2 were also measured in the test. It was found the majority content of NOx was NO and the least was NO2. Those NOx emissions change highly with the excess air number.
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7

Green, Leon. "Indirect Firing of Gas Turbines by Residual Coal-Water Fuel." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-168.

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Production of low-ash, low-sulfur coal-water fuel (CWF) will yield large quantities of high-ash but still low-sulfur “residual” CWF analogous to the residual fuel oil produced by petroleum refining. Relatively low in cost compared to the premium, low-ash CWF product, “resid” CWF will thus be available for in-plant industrial generation of conventional steam power or process heat. Due to its low sulfur content, however, a higher-value use of such a compliance fuel can be the indirect firing of gas turbines for the more efficient combination of power generation plus subsequent bottoming-cycle use or process heat applications (cogeneration). To limit NOx emissions, staged combustion will be required. Such operation can be accomplished starting with substoichiometric CWF reaction in “conventional” slurry burners followed by final combustion completed in the bottom region of a deep, intensely-mixed, fludized-bed heat exchanger. By virtue of the highly enhanced heat-transfer characteristics of the strongly-stirred bed of non-reactive particles, the normal limitation of rates of non-pressurized fire-side heat transfer is elevated. The fuel ash particles, milled fine by passage through the bed of refractory heat-transfer particles, are collected in a conventional baghouse. The conceptual design of such a combustion-driven, fluid-bed heat exchanger system fired by high-ash, residual coal-water fuel is outlined and its advantages over a conventional fluid-bed, solid-coal combustor for indirect firing of gas turbines are enumerated.
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Ávila, Adrian, Víctor Nova, Rafael Gomez, Arnaldo Verdeza, and Jorge M. Mendoza. "Biobriquettes: As a Sustainable Composite Fuel for Rural Areas in Developing Countries." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91105.

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The province of Cordoba, Colombia, has a 250.000 tons production of corn, which generate about 45.000 tons of cobs per year, which do not represent any value for farmers. The disposal of this agricultural waste has become a source of contamination because is burned in open areas. On the other hand, this province has a considerable production of raw coal; nevertheless, it is characterized by its high sulfur content (1.65%) and low heat value (5111 cal/gr), as a consequence, it has a limited market, but is still used as a fuel. This study proposes the use of biobriquettes that are a composite fuel prepared from a mixture of biomass (corn cob) and coal in a low die press briquetting machine. They consist of different proportions of milled cob (up to 80%) and coal (up to 40%) mixed with a cassava starch based binder. For the mixtures proximal analysis, including sulfur content and heat values of the material was determined according to their composition. The experimental results showed that the biobriquettes compared with the raw coal have between a 92 to 32% lower sulfur content, while the heat value was reduced by 14 to 29%. Therefore, its use will reduce the amount of burned residue in open spaces and consequently the pollution.
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Gupta, Vishal, Manoj K. Mohanty, Ajay Mahajan, and Surendra K. Biswal. "Performance Optimization of a Coal Preparation Plant Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60870.

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A coal preparation plant typically has multiple cleaning circuits based on size of coal particles. The traditional way of optimizing the plant output and meeting the product constraints such as ash, sulfur and moisture content is to equalize the average product quality from each circuit. The present study includes multiple incremental product quality approach to optimize the clean coal recovery while satisfying the product constraints. The plant output was optimized at the given constraints of 7.5% ash and 1.3% sulfur. It was observed that utilizing incremental product quality process gives 2.13% higher yield which can generate additional revenue of $4,260,000 per annum than that obtained by using the equal average product quality approach in this particular case. This paper introduces a novel approach for optimizing plant output using Genetic Algorithms (GA) while satisfying the multiple quality constraints. The same plant product constraints were used for GA based analysis. The results showed that using GA as an optimization process gives 2.23% higher yield that will result in additional revenue generation of $4,460,000 per annum than average product quality approach. The GA serves as an alternative process to optimize the coal processing plant yield with multiple quality constraints.
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Newby, Richard A., Wen-Ching Yang, and Ronald L. Bannister. "Fuel Gas Cleanup Parameters in Air-Blown IGCC." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-341.

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Fuel gas cleanup processing significantly influences overall performance and cost of IGCC power generation. The raw fuel gas properties (hearing value, sulfur content, alkali content, ammonia content, “tar” content, particulate content) and the fuel gas cleanup requirements (environmental and turbine protection) are key process parameters. Several IGCC power plant configurations and fuel gas cleanup technologies are being demonstrated or are under development. In this evaluation, air-blown, fluidized-bed gasification combined-cycle power plant thermal performance is estimated as a function of fuel type (coal and biomass fuels), extent of sulfur removal required, and the sulfur removal technique. Desulfurization in the fluid bed gasifier is combined with external hot fuel gas desulfurization, or, alternatively with conventional cold fuel gas desulfurization. The power plant simulations are built around the Westinghouse 501F combustion turbine in this evaluation.
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Reports on the topic "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

1

Chaparro, L. F. Automated microscopy methods for measuring pyritic sulfur content of coal and determining degree of liberation of pyrite in coal: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5665273.

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