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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal gasification Waste disposal'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lee, Sang Yeop, Md Tanvir Alam, Gun Ho Han, Dong Hyuk Choi, and Se Won Park. "Gasification Applicability of Korean Municipal Waste Derived Solid Fuel: A Comparative Study." Processes 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111375.

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Gaining energy independence by utilizing new and renewable energy resources has become imperative for Korea. Energy recovery from Korean municipal solid waste (MSW) could be a promising option to resolve the issue, as Korean MSW is highly recyclable due to its systematic separation, collection and volume-based waste disposal system. In this study, gasification experiments were conducted on Korean municipal waste-derived solid fuel (SRF) using a fixed bed reactor by varying the equivalence ratio (ER) to assess the viability of syngas production. Experiments were also conducted on coal and biomass under similar conditions to compare the experimental results, as the gasification applicability of coal and biomass are long-established. Experimental results showed that Korean SRF could be used to recover energy in form of syngas. In particular, 50.94% cold gas efficiency and 54.66% carbon conversion ratio with a lower heating value of 12.57 MJ/Nm3 can be achieved by gasifying the SRF at 0.4 ER and 900 °C. However, compared to coal and biomass, the syngas efficiency of Korean SRF was less, which can be resolved by operating the gasification processes at high temperatures. If proper research and development activities are conducted on Korean SRF, it could be a good substitute for fossil fuels in the future.

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2

Lartey-Young, George, and Limin Ma. "Remediation with Semicoke-Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Application." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194334.

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Development of low-cost contaminant sorbents from industrial waste is now an essential aspect of the circular economy since their disposal continues to threaten ecological integrity. Semicoke (SC), a by-product generated in large quantities and described as solid waste from gasification of low-rank coal (LRC), is gaining popularity in line with its reuse capacity in the energy industry but is less explored as a contaminant adsorbent despite its physical and elemental carbon properties. This paper summarizes recent information on SC, sources and production, adsorption mechanism of polluting contaminants, and summarizes regeneration methods capable of yielding sustainability for the material reuse.

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3

Zhang, Yixin, Wenke Jia, Rumeng Wang, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, Jianjun Wu, and Baiqian Dai. "Investigation of the Characteristics of Catalysis Synergy during Co-Combustion for Coal Gasification Fine Slag with Bituminous Coal and Bamboo Residue." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101152.

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As a kind of solid waste from coal chemical production, the disposal of coal gasification fine slag poses a certain threat to the environment and the human body. It is essential for gasification slag (GS) to realize rational utilization. GS contains fewer combustible materials, and the high heating value is only 9.31 MJ/Kg, which is difficult to burn in combustion devices solely. The co-combustion behavior of the tri-fuel blends, including bituminous coal (BC), gasification slag (GS), and bamboo residue (BR), was observed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The TGA results showed that the combustibility increased owing to the addition of BC and BR, and the ignition and burnout temperatures were lower than those of GS alone. The combustion characteristics of the blended samples became worse with the increase in the proportion of GS. The co-combustion process was divided into two main steps with obvious interactions (synergistic and antagonistic). The synergistic effect was mainly attributed to the catalysis of the ash-forming metals reserved with the three raw fuels and the diffusion of oxygen in the rich pore channels of GS. The combustion reaction of blending samples was dominated by O1 and D3 models. The activation energy of the blending combustion decreased compared to the individual combustion of GS. The analysis of the results in this paper can provide some theoretical guidance for the resource utilization of fine slag.

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Zhang, Yixin, Rumeng Wang, Guofeng Qiu, Wenke Jia, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, and Jianjun Wu. "Synthesis of Porous Material from Coal Gasification Fine Slag Residual Carbon and Its Application in Removal of Methylene Blue." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 6116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206116.

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A large amount of coal gasification slag is produced every year in China. However, most of the current disposal is into landfills, which causes serious harm to the environment. In this research, coal gasification fine slag residual carbon porous material (GFSA) was prepared using gasification fine slag foam flotation obtained carbon residue (GFSF) as raw material and an adsorbent to carry out an adsorption test on waste liquid containing methylene blue (MB). The effects of activation parameters (GFSF/KOH ratio mass ratio, activation temperature, and activation time) on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of GFSA were investigated. The total specific surface area and pore volume of GSFA with the highest CEC were 574.02 m2/g and 0.467 cm3/g, respectively. The degree of pore formation had an important effect on CEC. The maximum adsorption capacity of GFSA on MB was 19.18 mg/g in the MB adsorption test. The effects of pH, adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, and initial MB concentration on adsorption efficiency were studied. Langmuir isotherm and quasi second-order kinetic model have a good fitting effect on the adsorption isotherm and kinetic model of MB.

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5

Federer, J. I., and R. J. Lauf. "Crystallization behavior of coal gasification ash." Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management 5, no. 3 (January 1985): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-815x(85)90081-6.

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6

Chen, Tianxiang, Ning Yuan, Shanhu Wang, Xinfei Hao, Xinling Zhang, Dongmin Wang, and Xuan Yang. "The Effect of Bottom Ash Ball-Milling Time on Properties of Controlled Low-Strength Material Using Multi-Component Coal-Based Solid Wastes." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169949.

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As the conventional disposal method for industrial by-products and wastes, landfills can cause environmental pollution and huge economic costs. However, some secondary materials can be effectively used to develop novel underground filling materials. Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a highly flowable, controllable, and low-strength filling material. The rational use of coal industry by-products to prepare CLSM is significant in reducing environmental pollution and value-added disposal of solid waste. In this work, five different by-products of the coal industry (bottom ash (BA), fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag, and coal gangue) and cement were used as mixtures to prepare multi-component coal industry solid waste-based CLSM. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the particle size/fineness of samples was also measured. The changes in fresh and hardened properties of CLSM were studied using BA after ball milling for 20 min (BAI group) and 45 min (BAII group) that replaced fly ash with four mass ratios (10 wt%, 30 wt%, 50 wt%, and 70 wt%). The results showed that the CLSM mixtures satisfied the limits and requirements of the American Concrete Institute Committee 229 for CLSM. Improving the mass ratio of BA to fly ash and the ball-milling time of the BA significantly reduced the flowability and the bleeding of the CLSM; the flowability was still in the high flowability category, the lowest bleeding BAI70 (i.e., the content of BA in the BAI group was 70 wt%) and BAII70 (i.e., the content of BA in the BAII group was 70 wt%) decreased by 48% and 64%, respectively. Furthermore, the 3 d compressive strengths of BAI70 and BAII70 were increased by 48% and 93%, respectively, compared with the group without BA, which was significantly favorable, whereas the 28 d compressive strength did not change significantly. Moreover, the removability modulus of CLSM was calculated, which was greater than 1, indicating that CLSM was suitable for structural backfilling that requires a certain strength. This study provides a basis for the large-scale utilization of coal industry solid waste in the construction industry and underground coal mine filling.

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7

Akash, Varshney, and Singh O. P. "Municipal Solid Waste as an Alternate Source of Energy: A Review." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.049.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a big environmental challenge. However; it is a potential source of recycling materials, heat and energy. In developed countries this waste is used as resource to produce energy and compost; whereas in developing countries like India, collection, transportation and disposal of MSW are a big task. Wastes to energy technologies (WTE-T) play important role in sustainable management of MSW throughout the world. These technologies reduce the amount of waste as well as produce energy, which can be used to generate electricity. These include thermochemical treatment technologies, biochemical treatment technologies and utilization of landfill gas. Thermochemical techniques include Incineration, Gasification, Pyrolysis, Plasma arc gasification and Hydrothermal carbonization. Incineration is the most common technique used for treatment of MSW. It reduces 70% mass and 90% volume of MSW and sterile ash remains as byproduct. Gasification is advantageous over incineration, as gases are not released into atmosphere. Pyrolysis is the anaerobic thermal degradation of MSW, carried out in an oxygen free environment, producing gases (syngas), liquid and solid residuals. Syngas is composed of methane, hydrogen, carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide. It can be used in engines, boilers, turbines, fuel cells and heat pumps. Plasma arc gasification also involves partial oxidation of MSW. Syngas and high quality producer gas is obtained that can be used as transport fuel, heat and to generate electricity. Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is a complex process through which hydro-char is produced, which is similar to coal and can be used as a solid fuel for heat and power generation. Organic fraction of MSW is biodegradable and has high energy content. Biochemical treatment technologies are designed to utilize this fraction of MSW. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste is performed by microbes in absence of oxygen in a closed container (biogas digester), resulting in the reduction of waste and production of a combustible gas, biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Landfill gas is rich in methane and must be used to produce heat and energy. It usually consists of 50% methane and 50% CO2. Gas is collected by pipes and reaches the wells installed inside the landfills.

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8

Cascarosa, Esther, Lorena Gasco, Gorka García, Gloria Gea, and Jesús Arauzo. "Meat and bone meal and coal co-gasification: Environmental advantages." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 59 (February 2012): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.06.005.

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9

Li, Dedi, Jianzhong Liu, Jinqian Wang, Qingcheng Bai, Jun Cheng, and Kefa Cen. "Experimental studies on coal water slurries prepared from coal gasification wastewater." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): e2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.2162.

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10

Chen, Denghong, Tianwei Cao, Ran Chen, and Chao Li. "Optimization Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Multicontent Gasification Slag Paste Filling Material." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5908317.

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In view of the difficult utilization of a large amount of coal-based solid waste produced by coal electrification in the Ningdong mining area, especially the large storage and low utilization rate of gasified slag, combined with the advantages of high paste filling concentration, fast efficiency, and low construction cost, it is of great significance to study the appropriate proportion of fly ash-based multicontent gasified slag paste filling material for green mining and large-amount utilization of gasified slag. Based on the microstructure, composition, and particle size distribution of gasification slag, fly ash, broken coal gangue, furnace bottom slag, and desulfurization gypsum tested by XRD, SEM, and particle size sorting screen, the mass fraction (X1), gasification slag content (X2), m (c): m (FA) (X3). 29 groups of schemes are designed by four factors : mass fraction X1 refers to the proportion of solid in the filling paste, the amount of gasification slag in the solid X2 refers to the proportion of gasification slag in the solid, and m (c): m (FA) X3 refers to the proportion of fly ash and cement in the solid excluding gasification slag, coal gangue, desulfurization gypsum, and furnace bottom slag. The amount of desulfurization gypsum in the solid X4 refers to the proportion of desulfurization gypsum in the solid. The flow and strength characteristics of each group are analyzed. It is found that before proportioning, coal gangue of 2.5∼5 mm accounts for 80.8%, furnace bottom slag of less than 2.5 mm accounts for 56.5%, fly ash of 20∼80% μm accounts for 80%, and fly ash of 10∼20% μm accounts for 90%. XRD patterns reveal that the main components of four solid wastes and cement are SiO2 and Ca3SiO5, and the chemical composition of desulfurization gypsum is Ca(SO4)(H2O)2. The regularity of size change tends to be consistent, and the uniaxial compressive strength of 3 days later in group thirteenth exceeds 0.991 MPa. Combined with the flow characteristics, it is determined that there are 6 optimization groups in the inclined ladder area with the expansion of 200∼250 mm and the uniaxial compressive strength of 0.6∼1.4 MPa. The compressive strength increases with the increase of the mass fraction of single-factor analysis. The response surface method of C shows that the significance of X1, X2, X3, and X4 decreases in turn. The central combination design is used to predict that the mix proportion of X1 is 84%, X2 is 15%, X3 is 1 : 5, and X4 is 7%, the content of coal gangue is 10%, and the content of furnace bottom slag is 5% which is the best. The supplementary experimental results show that σ3d is 1.35 MPa and the expansion is 200 mm. Combined with SEM, it is found that the microstructure before and after optimization is rich in hydration products and the internal structure is well cemented, which further explains σC. The above research provides important basic parameters for large-scale disposal and green filling mining which is difficult to deal with a large amount of stockpiled gasification slag.

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11

Kriengsak, Sangtongam N., Rafal Buczynski, Jakub Gmurczyk, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Hydrogen Production by High-Temperature Steam Gasification of Biomass and Coal." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 4 (April 2009): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0246.

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12

Reidy, B. L., and G. W. Samson. "An Assessment of a Low-Cost Wastewater Disposal System after Twenty-Five Years of Operation." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0249.

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A low-cost wastewater disposal system was commissioned in 1959 to treat domestic and industrial wastewaters generated in the Latrobe River valley in the province of Gippsland, within the State of Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The Latrobe Valley is the centre for large-scale generation of electricity and for the production of pulp and paper. In addition other industries have utilized the brown coal resource of the region e.g. gasification process and char production. Consequently, industrial wastewaters have been dominant in the disposal system for the past twenty-five years. The mixed industrial-domestic wastewaters were to be transported some eighty kilometres to be treated and disposed of by irrigation to land. Several important lessons have been learnt during twenty-five years of operating this system. Firstly the composition of the mixed waste stream has varied significantly with the passage of time and the development of the industrial base in the Valley, so that what was appropriate treatment in 1959 is not necessarily acceptable in 1985. Secondly the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts engendered by this low-cost disposal procedure was not imagined when the proposal was implemented. As a consequence, clean-up procedures which could remedy the adverse effects of twenty-five years of impact are likely to be costly. The question then may be asked - when the total costs including rehabilitation are considered, is there really a low-cost solution for environmentally safe disposal of complex wastewater streams?

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13

Guo, Xin, Yuegang Tang, Yafeng Wang, Cortland F. Eble, Robert B. Finkelman, and Peiyang Li. "Evaluation of carbon forms and elements composition in coal gasification solid residues and their potential utilization from a view of coal geology." Waste Management 114 (August 2020): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.037.

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14

Adeyemi, Idowu, Chaouki Ghenai, and Isam Janajreh. "Simulation of the Co-gasification of Kentucky Coal And Biomass in an Entrained Flow Gasifier." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 43, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswt.2017.250.

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15

Zhang, Xiaotao, Keying Li, Chuan Zhang, and Aijun Wang. "Performance analysis of biomass gasification coupled with a coal-fired boiler system at various loads." Waste Management 105 (March 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.039.

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16

Ji, Qinhong, Salma Tabassum, Guangxin Yu, Chunfeng Chu, and Zhenjia Zhang. "Determination of biological removal of recalcitrant organic contaminants in coal gasification waste water." Environmental Technology 36, no. 22 (June 3, 2015): 2815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1049215.

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17

Patni, Neha, Pallav Shah, Shruti Agarwal, and Piyush Singhal. "Alternate Strategies for Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuels." ISRN Renewable Energy 2013 (May 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902053.

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The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, natural gas, or coal. There are many alternatives to fossil energy such as biomass, hydropower, and wind energy. Also, suitable waste management strategy is another important aspect. Development and modernization have brought about a huge increase in the production of all kinds of commodities, which indirectly generate waste. Plastics have been one of the materials because of their wide range of applications due to versatility and relatively low cost. The paper presents the current scenario of the plastic consumption. The aim is to provide the reader with an in depth analysis regarding the recycling techniques of plastic solid waste (PSW). Recycling can be divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. As calorific value of the plastics is comparable to that of fuel, so production of fuel would be a better alternative. So the methods of converting plastic into fuel, specially pyrolysis and catalytic degradation, are discussed in detail and a brief idea about the gasification is also included. Thus, we attempt to address the problem of plastic waste disposal and shortage of conventional fuel and thereby help in promotion of sustainable environment.

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18

Lv, Peng, Yonghui Bai, Jiaofei Wang, Xudong Song, Weiguang Su, and Guangsuo Yu. "Investigation into the catalytic gasification of coal gasification fine slag residual carbon by the leachate of biomass waste: Gasification reactivity, structural evolution and kinetics analysis." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 6 (December 2021): 106715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106715.

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19

Mafu, Lihle D., Hein W. J. P. Neomagus, Raymond C. Everson, Gregory N. Okolo, Christien A. Strydom, and John R. Bunt. "The carbon dioxide gasification characteristics of biomass char samples and their effect on coal gasification reactivity during co-gasification." Bioresource Technology 258 (June 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.053.

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20

Qi, Xiaobin, Qiyao Yang, Weijian Song, Zhiping Zhu, and Qinggang Lyu. "Experimental study and theoretical analysis on fluidized activation of coal gasification fly ash from an industrial CFB gasifier." Waste Management 157 (February 2023): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.010.

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21

Ding, Guangchao, Boshu He, Huifeng Yao, Yucheng Kuang, Jingge Song, and Liangbin Su. "Synergistic effect, kinetic and thermodynamics parameters analyses of co-gasification of municipal solid waste and bituminous coal with CO2." Waste Management 119 (January 2021): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.028.

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22

Chen, Hanping, Haiping Yang, Fudong Ju, Jing Wang, and Shihong Zhang. "The influence of pressure and temperature on coal pyrolysis/gasification." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 3 (2007): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.42.

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23

Francis, C. W., E. C. Davis, and J. C. Goyert. "Plant Uptake of Trace Elements from Coal Gasification Ashes." Journal of Environmental Quality 14, no. 4 (October 1985): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400040018x.

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24

Zhao, Xinyuan, Ke Yang, Xiang He, Zhen Wei, Xiang Yu, and Jiqiang Zhang. "Study on Mix Proportion Optimization and Microstructure of Coal-Based Solid Waste (CSW) Backfill Material Based on Multi-Objective Decision-Making Model." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 8464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238464.

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The preparation of underground-backfill material from CSW can be used for large-scale disposal of solid waste. The proportion of backfill material plays an important role in transportation and backfilling effect, and the mix-proportion optimization of backfill material is essentially a multi-factor and multi-objective optimization problem. In this paper, to obtain the mix proportion of backfill materials with optimal comprehensive-evaluation indexes, and suitable for the engineering application, the fluidity and strength of backfill material, mainly composed of coal gangue(CG), fly ash (FA), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum), and gasification coarse slag (GCS), were tested by single-factor transformation method, and the effects of various solid wastes on the slump-flow, bleeding rate and early strength of backfill material were analyzed. The optimal mix proportion of CSW with the slump-flow, bleeding rate, and 3-day and 7-day strengths as the evaluation indicators is FA: GCS: FGD gypsum: CG = 25%:25%:25%:25%, according to the multi-objective decision model. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation index that meets the requirements of mine backfilling is obtained by changing the ordinary portland cement (OPC) content, that is, the optimal OPC content is 10% of the total solid waste, and the mass concentration is 78%. Finally, the pore structure, micromorphology, and composition of the backfill material with the optimal mix proportion were studied by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The research results provide a good reference for the field application of CSW for underground backfilling.

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25

Li, Kun, Wencheng Ma, Hongjun Han, Chunyan Xu, Yuxing Han, Dexin Wang, Weiwei Ma, and Hao Zhu. "Selective recovery of salt from coal gasification brine by nanofiltration membranes." Journal of Environmental Management 223 (October 2018): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.032.

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26

Wu, Xiaojiang, Tuo Zhou, Yushuang Chen, Zhongxiao Zhang, Guilin Piao, Nobusuke Kobayashi, Shigekatsu Mori, and Yoshinori Itaya. "Mineral melting behavior of chinese blended coal ash under gasification condition." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2 (March 2011): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.425.

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27

Kronbauer, Marcio A., Maria Izquierdo, Shifeng Dai, Frans B. Waanders, Nicola J. Wagner, Maria Mastalerz, James C. Hower, et al. "Geochemistry of ultra-fine and nano-compounds in coal gasification ashes: A synoptic view." Science of The Total Environment 456-457 (July 2013): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.066.

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28

Chen, Wei-Hsin, Chih-Jung Chen, and Chen-I. Hung. "Taguchi approach for co-gasification optimization of torrefied biomass and coal." Bioresource Technology 144 (September 2013): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.016.

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Yu, Wei, Hanlin Zhang, Xuebin Wang, Zia ur Rahman, Zhaochen Shi, Yonghui Bai, Guishan Wang, Yongqiang Chen, Jianjun Wang, and Lijun Liu. "Enrichment of residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag by spiral separator." Journal of Environmental Management 315 (August 2022): 115149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115149.

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30

Wang, Yafeng, Yuegang Tang, Ruiqing Li, Xin Guo, John P. Hurley, and Robert B. Finkelman. "Measurements of the leachability of potentially hazardous trace elements from solid coal gasification wastes in China." Science of The Total Environment 759 (March 2021): 143463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143463.

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31

Jian-ping, Kuang, Zhou Jun-hu, Zhou Zhi-jun, Liu Jian-zhong, and Cen Ke-fa. "Research on alkali-catalyzed gasification of coal black liquor slurry cokes made up by five different coals." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 3 (2007): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.34.

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32

Wang, Yafeng, Yuegang Tang, Xin Guo, Qiang Xie, Robert B. Finkelman, Peiyang Li, and Pengxiang Chen. "Fate of potentially hazardous trace elements during the entrained-flow coal gasification processes in China." Science of The Total Environment 668 (June 2019): 854–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.076.

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33

Hu, Xuewei, Kai Chen, Xinke Lai, Qi Yao, Siping Ji, and Kevin Kaiser. "Treatment of pretreated coal gasification wastewater (CGW) by magnetic polyacrylic anion exchange resin." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 2 (June 2016): 2040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.02.018.

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34

Wang, Xiong-Lei, Jun Shen, Yan-Xia Niu, Yu-Gao Wang, Gang Liu, and Qing-Tao Sheng. "Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon prepared from coal gasification tar residue." Environmental Technology 39, no. 6 (April 10, 2017): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1310304.

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35

Miao, Zekai, Jianjun Wu, Guofeng Qiu, Zhenkun Guo, Xu Zhao, and Yixin Zhang. "Solving two industrial waste issues simultaneously: Coal gasification fine slag-based hierarchical porous composite with enhanced CO2 adsorption performance." Science of The Total Environment 821 (May 2022): 153347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153347.

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36

Zheng, Jinhao, Lei Liao, Rui Liu, Chongcong Li, and Yan Zhang. "A rational and feasible approach to the co-management of condensates from biomass torrefaction and carbon-rich fly ash from fluidized-bed coal gasification." Waste Management 154 (December 2022): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.016.

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37

Shi, Jingxin, Yuxing Han, Chunyan Xu, and Hongjun Han. "Biological coupling process for treatment of toxic and refractory compounds in coal gasification wastewater." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 765–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-018-9481-2.

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38

Shi, Jingxin, Yuxing Han, Chunyan Xu, and Hongjun Han. "Anaerobic bioaugmentation hydrolysis of selected nitrogen heterocyclic compound in coal gasification wastewater." Bioresource Technology 278 (April 2019): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.113.

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Chen, Xiye, Li Liu, Linyao Zhang, Yan Zhao, and Penghua Qiu. "Gasification reactivity of co-pyrolysis char from coal blended with corn stalks." Bioresource Technology 279 (May 2019): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.108.

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McLendon, T. R., A. P. Lui, R. L. Pineault, S. K. Beer, and S. W. Richardson. "High-pressure co-gasification of coal and biomass in a fluidized bed." Biomass and Bioenergy 26, no. 4 (April 2004): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.003.

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Hei, Shengqiang, Hui Xu, Biming Liu, Xianzheng Zhu, Shuo Zhang, Xian Zhang, Renwei Li, and Xia Huang. "Enhanced pre-treatment of sepiolite on coal gasification wastewater: Performance and adsorption mechanism." Journal of Hazardous Materials 440 (October 2022): 129842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129842.

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DONNELLY, K. C., K. W. BROWN, K. V. MARKIEWICZ, C. S. ANDERSON, D. J. MANEK, J. C. THOMAS, and C. S. GIAM. "The Use of Short-Term Bioassays to Evaluate the Health and Environmental Risk Posed by an Abandoned Coal Gasification Site." Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 10, no. 1 (January 1993): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hwm.1993.10.59.

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Śliwińska, Anna, Dorota Burchart-Korol, and Adam Smoliński. "Environmental life cycle assessment of methanol and electricity co-production system based on coal gasification technology." Science of The Total Environment 574 (January 2017): 1571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.188.

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Li, Jiawei, Zhichao Chen, Linxuan Yuan, Yanyu Qiao, Zhenhua Yuan, Lingyan Zeng, and Zhengqi Li. "Effects of flotation and acid treatment on unburned carbon recovery from atmospheric circulating fluidized bed coal gasification fine ash and application evaluation of residual carbon." Waste Management 136 (December 2021): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.024.

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Mbakwe, Ikenna, Pieter C. De Jager, John G. Annandale, and Taurai Matema. "Nitrogen Mineralization from Sludge in an Alkaline, Saline Coal Gasification Ash Environment." Journal of Environmental Quality 42, no. 3 (May 2013): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0410.

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Li, Jiawei, Zhichao Chen, Xuyang Zhang, Yanyu Qiao, Zhenhua Yuan, Lingyan Zeng, and Zhengqi Li. "Structure and reactivity of residual carbon from circulating fluidized bed coal gasification fine ash." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, no. 3 (June 2022): 107759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107759.

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Wang, Zixing, Xiaochen Xu, Jie Chen, and Fenglin Yang. "Treatment of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater in pre-denitrification anaerobic and aerobic biofilm process." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 1, no. 4 (December 2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.033.

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Song, Ho-Jun, Jaehoon Lee, Ankur Gaur, Jong-Jin Park, and Jin-Won Park. "Production of gaseous fuel from refuse plastic fuel via co-pyrolysis using low-quality coal and catalytic steam gasification." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 12, no. 4 (November 2010): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-010-0299-4.

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Li, Hui-qiang, and Hong-jun Han. "Nitrite accumulation performance of aerobic MBBR treating Lurgi coal gasification waste water by adjusting pollutant load and DO concentration." Environmental Technology 36, no. 24 (July 10, 2015): 3210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1056756.

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Tong, Shan, Yiming Sun, Xian Li, Zhenzhong Hu, Nakorn Worasuwannarak, Huan Liu, Hongyun Hu, Guangqian Luo, and Hong Yao. "Gas-pressurized torrefaction of biomass wastes: Co-gasification of gas-pressurized torrefied biomass with coal." Bioresource Technology 321 (February 2021): 124505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124505.

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