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Journal articles on the topic 'Coal Drying'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Umar, Datin, Suganal Suganal, Ika Monika, Gandhi Hudaya, and Dahlia Diniyati. "The influence of steam drying process on combustion behavior of Indonesian low-rank coals." Indonesian Mining Journal 23, no. 2 (November 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30556/imj.vol23.no2.2020.1105.

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Steam drying process of the Low Rank Coals (LRCs) has been conducted to produce coal which is comparable with the High Rank Coal (HRC). Characterization of the raw and dried coals was carried out through proximate, ultimate, calorific value, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) to study the combustion behavior of the coals. This study used Indonesian low rank coals coming from Tabang (TKK coal) and Samurangau (SP coal), East Kalimantan. The results indicate that the calorific value of the dried coals increases significantly due to the decrease in moisture content of the coal. The FTIR spectrums show that the methylene-ethylene (RCH3/CH2) and aromaticity-aliphaticity ratios (Rar/al) of the dried coals increased while the ratio of RCO/ar decreased which reflect that the rank of the coals increased equivalent to the high rank coal (bituminous). Meanwhile, the TG-DTA indicates that the ignition temperature (Tig) and combustion rate (Rmax) of the dried coals increased. This analysis expresses that the dried coals produced by steam drying process have better combustion behavior due to the higher calorific value than those of the raw coals.

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2

Swamy, K. M., K. L. Narayana, and J. S. Murty. "ACOUSTIC DRYING OF COAL." Drying Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1988): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373938808916395.

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3

Zhong, Xiao Hui, Zhen Huan Jin, and Bin Zhao. "Experimental Study of Yuzhou Danhou Long Flame Coal on Vibrating Mixed Flowing Drying System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1956.

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According to the characteristic of Yuzhou Danhou Mine long flame coal, the drying process of the coal was studied on mixed flowing vibrating drying system. The parameter was tested, according to the drying effect, the drying process was optimized. The experimental result shows that mixed flowing vibrating drying system can reduce the moisture and improve the net calorific power of coal effectively, by which transportation cost was saved and the value of coal was increased.

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4

Yan, Ming, Xinnan Song, Jin Tian, Xuebin Lv, Ze Zhang, Xiaoyan Yu, and Shuting Zhang. "Construction of a New Type of Coal Moisture Control Device Based on the Characteristic of Indirect Drying Process of Coking Coal." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164162.

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This paper presents an in-depth study on the indirect drying characteristics and interface renewal. By comparing the drying rate curve, it is found that shortening the surface drying stage, which contains a repeated evaporation-diffusion-condensation process of moisture, is the key to improve the total drying efficiency. By stirring the coal and realizing the interface renewal between the bottom layer and the surface layer, the drying efficiency reached seven times than that of static indirect drying. Based on indirect heat transfer with high heat and mass transfer rate, a new type of indirect heat transfer moving bed coal moisture control device is designed. At the same time, Fluent fluid mechanics software is used for mathematical modeling and simulation experiments. It is proved that the designed moving bed coal moisture control device has a good application prospect in coal pre-drying technology.

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5

Hartiniati, Hartiniati. "UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/elk.v7i1.2729.

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A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion

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6

Matyukhin, V. I., N. V. Yamshanova, A. V. Matyukhina, and T. A. Meyster. "Convective Drying of D Coal." Coke and Chemistry 61, no. 11 (November 2018): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x18110042.

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7

Somov, A. A., A. N. Tugova, M. N. Makarushin, and N. I. Grigor’eva. "Coal Slurry Drying Process Research." Thermal Engineering 65, no. 8 (July 18, 2018): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601518080050.

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8

Zhong, Xiao Hui, Zhen Huan Jin, and Bin Zhao. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Evaluation of Mixed Flowing Vibrating Drying System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.939.

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According to the characteristic of Yuzhou Danhou mine long flame coal, the drying processes of coal was study on mixed flowing vibrating drying system. The parameters were tested during the drying process, and thermodynamic process of drying were analysed, the result show that reducing the exergy loss of hot stove is the key point to improve the efficiency of drying system.

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9

Plutecki, Zbigniew, Paweł Sattler, Krystian Ryszczyk, Anna Duczkowska, and Stanisław Anweiler. "Thermokinetics of Brown Coal during a Fluidized Drying Process." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030684.

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This paper presents the results of research describing the thermokinetics of brown coal’s (lignite) drying process in a fountain-bubble fluidized bed dryer. The drying medium was atmospheric air of a variable temperature in subsequent tests, which ranged from 27 to 70 °C. This paper presents the results of many experimental studies for two different types of brown coal: xylite, from the Bełchatów mine, and earth, from the Turów mine. The two types of brown coal are used to assess different sized coal particles and different air drying temperatures. The functions parameterizing the moisture content of dried coal at different air drying temperatures at any given time are also presented.

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10

Halim, Abdul, Afninda Aryuni Widyanti, Celvin Dicky Wahyudi, Fahimah Martak, and Eka Luthfi Septiani. "A Pilot Plant Study of Coal Dryer: Simulation and Experiment." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.68745.

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High moisture content in low-range coal causes low calorific value. To increase the quality, drying by a coal dryer to minimize moisture content is proposed. Here, a case study of a cyclone-like conical tube coal dryer pilot plant was reported. Drying heating uses combustion heat generated from volatile matter combustion. This approach will solve the two problems simultaneously: decreasing moisture content and volatile matter. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach is used to study fluid dynamics inside the coal dryer using ANSYS Fluent 2020R2 software. The CFD simulation results represent the phenomenon of coal drying inside the coal dryer validated by the pilot plant experimental result. The simulation was carried out in steady and unsteady conditions to understand the drying phenomena. The simulation firmly fits the experimental result, especially in an unsteady state system, indicating that the simulation result is promising for further coal dryer design. The optimal condition produces a high moisture content reduction of 86.37%, uniform fluid distribution, and significant volatile matter combustion

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11

Xie, Hongxin, Qiangling Yao, Liqiang Yu, and Changhao Shan. "Study on Damage Characteristics of Water-Bearing Coal Samples under Cyclic Loading–Unloading." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148457.

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For underground water reservoirs in coal mines, the complex water-rich environment and changing overburden stress can damage coal pillar dams. In this paper, the coal samples from coal seam 22 of Shangwan coal mine were taken as research objects and the damage mechanism and characteristics of coal samples with different moisture content and wetting-drying cycles under cyclic loading were investigated. The results show that as the moisture content and wetting-drying cycles increase, the post-peak stage of the coal samples under cyclic stress becomes obvious, and the hysteresis loop changes from dense to sparse. Compared to the uniaxial compression experiment, when w = 5.28% (the critical water content), mechanical parameters such as peak strength and modulus of elasticity decrease the most. Under cyclic loading, the damage mode of both sets of coal samples was tensile damage, but the increase in wetting-drying cycles promotes the development of shear fractures. For evaluating fracture types, the RA-AF density map is more applicable to wetting-drying cycle coal samples, whereas for the coal samples with different moisture contents this should be carried out with caution. This study can provide some theoretical basis for the stability evaluation of coal pillar dams in underground water reservoirs.

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12

Setiawan, Agus, and Zainal Arifin. "Low rank coal drying technology for decreasing electricity cost production: case study of Nagan Raya power plant." E3S Web of Conferences 181 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018103003.

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Considering the depletion of black coal resources, utilization of low rank coal currently is emerging to meet the growing of electricity consumption globally. Some coal fired power plants urge to use the domestic low rank coal due to some financial reasons. They are several coal drying technologies have been proposed. This study analyzes the utilization low rank coal to decrease the electricity cost production at Nagan Raya coal fired power plant. The Coal Moisture Control Fluidized Bed (CMC-FB) technology is selected as a basis for both technical and financial calculation. Based on the pilot project in Fukuoka, this technology is technically feasible and well suited for Nagan Raya power plant. A financial modelling shows that coal drying technology implementation can potentially decrease the electricity cost production for the utility and also make benefits for the investor. Further research is recommended to investigate other proven technologies. Additionally the effect of coal drying implementation to the environment should be noticed.

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13

Kolani, Damintode, Eric Blond, Alain Gasser, Tatiana Rozhkova, and Matthieu Landreau. "Modeling of Coal Drying before Pyrolysis." Defect and Diffusion Forum 336 (March 2013): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.336.121.

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The coking process is composed of two main stages: drying process and pyrolysis of coal. A heat and mass transfer model was developed to simulate the drying process of coal. The mechanisms of heat and mass transfer described in the model are: conduction through the coal cake; conduction and convection through the gas in pores; generation, flux and condensation of water vapor. The model has been implemented in finite element software. It requires basic data on the coke oven charge properties and oven dimensions as input. These input data were obtained by experiments or from the literature. The proposed model includes condensation and evaporation allowing us to reproduce the temperature plateau observed experimentally.

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14

Luluk Karlina, Diyajeng, and Ilham Bintang. "Optimization Design of Coal Dryer Using Genetic Algorithm in Power Plant." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (IJAIR) 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ijair.v3i1.3825.

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Coal that is often used in Steam Power Plants is a type of Low Rank Coal (Low Rank Coal) which has a caloric value of 4200 kcal / kg with a moisture content of 40%. Coal with water content that reaches 40% can cause the efficiency process of the plant to be not optimal. Low efficiency values will cause the use of electricity to increase and the combustion process to be incomplete so that it can cause many losses to the Steam Power Plant. From this problem, there needs to be a process of drying coal in order to reduce water content, the technology used in the process of drying coal is coal dryer. Design of coal dryer required source of steam or heat for drying process. Steam Power Plant there is steam waste extraction from turbines that can be used as a heat source to heat coal. If this extraction vapor is utilized, it can reduce the load from the condenser. The amount of turbine extraction steam that can be received by the coal dryer depends on the design of the coal dryer, because the design process of the coal dryer will affect the availability of energy in the coal dryer. This paper will discuss about optimization calculation with genetic algorithm method, to obtain the best design of coal dryer so that the heat received can be maximized so that the drying process becomes faster.

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15

Irawan, Anton, and Indar Kustiningsih. "Simulasi pengeringan batu bara muda dengan metode rangkaian pori pada kondisi isotermal." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.3.2.

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Simulation of low rank coal drying with pore network method in isothermal condition.Indonesia has large coal reserve with most of them are low rank coal. Low rank coal has low energy content (< 4,800 kcal/kg) and high moisture content (> 25%). High moisture content of coal will make a problem for coal conversion processing to be a main energy source such as power plant so that the moisture of coal must be removed from inside of coal. The moisture content in the coal can be removed by drying based on drying kinetic (drying rate). Drying kinetic is influenced by several variables such as hot fluid velocity and temperature, size and pore structure of material. In this model, sample of low rank coal are analyzed to obtain the data of pore size distribution. The size of pore were used 40 and 100 nm, the pore length was 100 nm. Four different pore structures were simulated by pore network modelling. From pore network simulation, the structure with large pore had long time for drying constant period, but the structure with small pore had short time for drying constant period.Keywords: coal, drying, pore network, moisture, vapour diffusion. AbstrakIndonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki cadangan batubara yang besar yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi utama untuk industri, tetapi batubara yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia sebagian besar merupakan batubara muda yang memiliki kandungan energi yang rendah (< 4.800 kcal/kg) serta kandungan air yang tinggi (> 25%). Kandungan air batubara yang tinggi menyulitkan dalam proses konversi batubara untuk dijadikan sebagai sumber energi utama seperti pada sistem tenaga. Kandungan air dalam batubara dapat dikurangi dengan pengeringan dengan mengamati data kinetika pengeringan berupa laju pengeringan. Laju pengeringan batubara dipengaruhi oleh beberapa variabel antara lain kecepatan fluida panas, temperatur fluida panas, ukuran partikel yang dikeringkan serta struktur pori-pori dari partikel yang dikeringkan. Beberapa sampel batubara muda dianalisis strukturnya untuk mendapatkan data distribusi pori. Ukuran pori yang digunakan terdiri atas 2 macam yaitu 40 dan 100 nm serta panjang pori 500 nm. Empat macam struktur pori disimulasikan dengan metode rangkaian pori. Dari simulasi rangkaian pori memperlihatkan bahwa ukuran pori yang besar akan memberikan waktu yang lebih lama untuk laju pengeringan tetap sedangkan struktur pori dengan ukuran pori kecil akan memberikan laju pengeringan tetap yang lebih pendek waktunya.Kata Kunci: batubara, pengeringan, rangkaian pori, kandungan air, difusi uap.

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16

Zhao, Yong Jie, Xiang Wei Kong, Bin Li, and Zi Cheng Zhang. "Application of Vibrating Fluidized Bed in Low Rank Coal Drying Process." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.233.

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Low rank coal is an important energy resource in the world, particularly in the developing countries. But its high water content causes a waste of energy and serious environmental pollution, which restricts its applications. In order to improve the efficiency of the low rank coal and reduce pollution, the drying processes for low rank coal are urgently needed. This paper presented a review of the general drying processes for low rank coal. In the review, the newly-developed vibrating fluidized bed (VFB) drying process was emphasized. This novel VFB drying process which can be used in large-scale industrial production has several advantages, such as high speed, high drying intensity and low pollution. Moreover, two VFB researches reported by the authors were also introduced. In these researches, the dynamic behavior of VFB was simulated by two commercial codes of ADAMS and ANSYS separately. According to the simulation results, the exciting force and the structure of sieve box were optimized.

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17

Zeng, Qing Liang, Xian Peng Li, Xing Hua Wang, Bin Zhang, and Zhe Cui. "Green and Efficient Coal Slurry Drying Process." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1105.

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The existing coal slurry drying process efficiency is low and discharge waste gas and water. So a green and efficient coal slurry drying process was putted forward in this paper. A technical support was provided for construction of resource-saving and environment friendly mining area.

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18

Cui, Jia Ping, Yu Liu, Zhi Hong Wang, Li Li Zhao, Fei Fei Shi, and Li Wei Hao. "Life Cycle Assessment of Silicate Cementitious Material Production Using Calcium Carbide Sludge." Key Engineering Materials 599 (February 2014): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.324.

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The environmental impacts of cement production using two pre-drying processes, i.e., coal-fired pre-drying process and pre-drying process by waste heat from kiln tail process were analyzed and compared through life cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that the energy consumption, GWP, AP, POCP, HT and EP of pre-drying process by waste heat from kiln tail are about 1%, 2%, 5.2%, 5% ,3.5% and 3.8% lower than coal-fired process; therefore the application of pre-drying process by waste heat from kiln tail has obvious environmental benefits.

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19

Standish, N., H. Worner, and H. Kaul. "Microwave Drying of Brown Coal Agglomerates." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 23, no. 3 (January 1988): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.1988.11688052.

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20

Zhang, Ze, and Shuting Zhang. "Indirect Drying and Coking Characteristics of Coking Coal with Soda Residue Additive." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030575.

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To improve indirect drying efficiency, the effect of soda residue on the drying characteristics of coking coal were studied using a self-made indirect drying system. A tube furnace was used in the dry distillation of coal samples with soda residue, and the coke properties were analyzed. The results indicated that the soda residue has a significant influence on the increase in the heating rate of coal samples in the temperature distribution range of 90 to 110 °C. With the addition of 2%, 5%, and 10% soda residue, the drying rates increased by 11.5%, 25.3%, and 37.3%, respectively at 110 °C. The results of dry distillation show that addition of 2%, 5% and 10% soda residue decreases the carbon loss quantity by 4.67, 4.99, and 8.82 g, respectively. The mechanical strength of coke samples satisfies the industrial conditions when the soda residue ratio ranges from 2% to 5%. Soda residue can improve the active point of coke dissolution reaction and inhibit coke internal solution. Economically, coking coal samples mixed with soda residue have an obvious energy saving advantage in the drying process. Energy saving analysis found that it can reduce cost input by 20% than that of the normal drying method.

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21

Kindzera, D. P., V. M. Atamaniuk, Z. Ya Gnativ, and I. M. Mitin. "Рroduction of light fillers on the basis of technogenic raw materials." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.01.131.

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In Ukraine, along with the growing demand for tonnage production of light fillers, the need for raw materials is growing, considering that most of the range of light fillers is made from natural raw materials. Thus, a promising direction of utilization of TPP slags and coal concentrate obtained by enrichment of primary coal sludge is there involvement to the production process after preliminary drying. Drying of the thermal power plant slag and the coal concentrate, which are hydraulic mixtures, by the filtration method will reduce energy consumption due to the displacement and removal of significant amount of moisture by the moving thermal agent due to the pressure drop. The results of studies of the thermal agent velocity effect on the drying process duration of TPP slag and coal concentrate, as well as the obtained values of heat transfer coefficients at different velocities of the thermal agent for TPP slag α = 40 ÷ 112 and coal concentrate α = 92,5 ÷ 294 will allow to calculate energy consumption and scientifically substantiate the optimal technological parameters for intensification of the drying process of the charge components for porous fillers production.

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22

Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan, and Aliyu Jauro. "Chemical and Pyrolytic Thermogravimetric Characterization of Nigerian Bituminous Coals." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0017.

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Abstract The discovery of new coal deposits in Nigeria presents solutions for nation’s energy crises and prospects for socioeconomic growth and sustainable development. Furthermore, the quest for sustainable energy to limit global warming, climate change, and environmental degradation has necessitated the exploration of alternatives using cleaner technologies such as coal pyrolysis. However, a lack of comprehensive data on physico-chemical and thermal properties of Nigerian coals has greatly limited their utilization. Therefore, the physico-chemical properties, rank (classification), and thermal decomposition profiles of two Nigerian bituminous coals – Afuze (AFZ) and Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ) – were examined in this study. The results indicate that the coals contain high proportions of C, H, N, S, O and a sufficiently high heating value (HHV) for energy conversion. The coal classification revealed that the Afuze (AFZ) coal possesses a higher rank, maturity, and coal properties compared to the Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ) coal. A thermal analysis demonstrated that coal pyrolysis in both cases occurred in three stages; drying (30-200 °C), devolatilization (200-600 °C), and char decomposition (600-1000 °C). The results also indicated that pyrolysis at 1000 °C is not sufficient for complete pyrolysis. In general, the thermochemical and pyrolytic fuel properties indicate that the coal from both places can potentially be utilized for future clean energy applications.

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23

Aslaksen, Erik W. "Mathematical Model of a Flash Drying Process." Journal of Industrial Mathematics 2014 (February 24, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/460857.

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The paper presents a basic model of the flash drying process, as it is applied in a number of industrial applications, and illustrates this by means of a particular application: the drying of subbituminous coal. Besides its economic importance, that application is representative of those where the product is combustible, so that the drying needs to be conducted in an inert atmosphere, which is achieved by recycling some of the drying gas. A novel feature of the model is that it takes explicit account of the transport of heat and moisture within the coal particles. The model provides the basis for the development of a tool to support the design of a flash drying plant.

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24

Su, Hui Long. "Design of Light Moisture Tester and its Application in Tiefa Coal Industry Group." Applied Mechanics and Materials 721 (December 2014): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.386.

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This paper introduces the research and design of a light moisture tester. In the coal quality analysis field, moisture test most of the use of infrared heating pipe heating or drying box to measure, low heating rates, nitrogen through a single mode, before heating furnace uniform nitrogen filled with test conditions and have the test conditions, the same way caused by nitrogen, nitrogen waste. Based on this study, the heating pipe comprises an infrared tube into a light tube, the heating rate is improved; the general nitrogen control size flow switching mode using 2.5min before the experiment, large flow quick heating furnace filled with nitrogen, achieved through experimental conditions drying nitrogen, open a small flow, keep the atmosphere. The improved design of a light moisture meter analysis of water air drying method precision test, analysis of water air drying method accuracy experiments, 6 water - air drying method of precision experiment, 6 water - air drying method accuracy experiments, analysis of water through nitrogen drying method precision experiment, analysis of water. Nitrogen drying method accuracy experiments, Ȼ 6 full water through nitrogen drying method precision experiment, Ȼ 6 full water through nitrogen drying method accuracy experiments, results in line with national standard test, repeatability. Instrument for field application test in Tiefa Coal Industry Group, good test effect.

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25

Heydari, Mehran. "Thermal Drying Methods on Coal Liquefaction Conversion." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2019.57.60.

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26

WILLSON, WARRACK G., DAN WALSH, and W. (BILL)IRWINC. "Overview of Low-Rank Coal (LRC) Drying." Coal Preparation 18, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349349708905135.

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27

C. J. Bern, P. W. Peterson, D. B. Van Meter, and A. W. Joensen. "Drying Corn with Coal on Iowa Farms." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1986): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26749.

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28

Chen, X. Dong, and James B. Stott. "Calorimetric Study of the Heat of Drying of a Sub-Bituminous Coal." Journal of Fire Sciences 10, no. 4 (July 1992): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419201000406.

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This paper presents recently measured heats of drying of Ohai sub-bituminous coal at two temperatures, 50 °C and 75 ° C, using a Calvet type microcalorimeter. The study demonstrates the heat of drying increases with the reducing of moisture content of coal in a pattern such that at least three progressive energy levels are involved. This indicates that there are three types of moisture which co-exist in the tested coal, namely free moisture, loosely bound and tightly bound moisture. These data are valuable in the mathe matical simulation of the spontaneous ignition process in which the effect of moisture transfer is considered. The high heat of drying, as measured in this study, indicates that the extent of the moisture effect on the spontaneous igni tion is beyond 100 ° C.

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29

Toei, Ryozo, Hajime Tamon, Katsuya Uehara, and Saburo Matsumiya. "Drying characteristics of Morwell brown coal and effects of drying on liquefaction." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 25, no. 1 (January 1986): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200032a026.

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30

Kravets, Taras, Yevhen Miroshnychenko, and Andrii Kapustianskyi. "Enhancement of Technical and Economic Indicators of Power-Generating Units of Thermal Power Plants by Eliminating Flue Gas Recirculation." Energy Engineering and Control Systems 7, no. 1 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2021.01.026.

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Boiler units at Ukrainian thermal power plants need to be modernized or replaced in the short run, as this is important for the national energy security. The authors determined one of possible ways to improve the efficiency indicators of coal-fired boiler units and power generating units as a whole up to the values exceeding the design ones. This variant of improvement consists in abandoning the technology of using flue gas as drying agent in pulverized coal systems and replacing it with direct discharge of the gas flow into the boiler furnace. Numerous computations were carried out to study the change of efficiency indicators and manoeuvrability of power generating units due to the replacement of the ball mill pulverizing system using flue gases for coal drying with the scheme including ball-and-race mills that use hot air as drying agent.

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31

Liu, Yin, Kun-Zheng Zhao, Man Jiu, and Yan Zhang. "A heat pump system for Lentinula edodes drying and its drying property." Thermal Science 22, no. 4 (2018): 1759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1804759l.

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The traditional drying of Lentinula edodes is by hot gases obtained by burning coal or wood. This process wastes a lot of energy, increases carbon emissions, and rises the burden of the environment. This article presents a heat pump system for Lentinula edodes drying. Optimal conditions for drying process is obtained by using orthogonal test. Experiment results show that the heat pump system is reasonable, reliable, and practicable. Optimal drying process, compared to the traditional one, significantly improvs the drying quality

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32

Wibowo, Suriyan Arif, and Jaka Windarta. "Pemanfaatan Batubara Kalori Rendah Pada PLTU untuk Menurunkan Biaya Bahan Bakar Produksi." Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan 1, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2020.10029.

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Tingginya jumlah sumber daya dan cadangan batubara kalori rendah, perlu untuk ditingkatkan pemanfaatannya. Penyediaan energi sampai dengan tahun 2050 diperkirakan tetap didominasi oleh energi fosil. Energi fosil yang tumbuh paling pesat adalah batubara karena sektor pembangkit listrik didominasi oleh PLTU batubara. Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memanfaatkan batubara nilai kalori rendah yang mempunyai harga energi yang relatif lebih murah, maka dapat dilakukan alternatif pemanfaatan batubara tersebut dengan metode coal blending, coal switching, ataupun coal drying pada PLTU. Coal blending merupakan cara terbaik untuk mengatasi masalah ketersediaan batubara dan ketergantungan terhadap satu sumber pemasok batubara untuk PLTU di Indonesia. Dengan mengganti batubara menjadi kalori yang lebih rendah (coal switching) memang akan menaikkan jumlah konsumsi batu bara, namun karena harganya lebih murah, maka masih didapat penghematan secara finansial. Coal drying dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk memperbaiki kualitas batubara yang mempunyai kandungan moisture tinggi, sehingga batubara tersebut dapat digunakan untuk bahan bakar PLTU eksisting.

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Huang, De Jie, Lian Min Cao, and Peng Huai Wang. "Efficient and Circulation Raw Coal Processing Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1078 (December 2014): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.158.

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This paper analyzed the raw coal mining and transportational process to get the cause of raw coal of poor quality and more impurity. And, this paper research on raw coal processing technology of efficient and circulation, from coal preparation technique, slurry drying technology and efficient warehousing system. Finally, raw coal is exploited and transported on condition of efficient and environment protection to realize green and circulating production.

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34

Wang, Wei Dong, Xiao Yang, Jing Wen, Meng Hui Lu, Chen Gao, Kuan Zhang, Jian Jian Wang, and Yue Ding. "Experimental Study on the Xilingol Lignite Dewatering in Microwave Field." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.442.

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Microwave drying characteristics of Xilingol lignite were investigated with microwave drying testing equipment at 2450 MHz. Effects of particle size has been carefully studied. Mass losses of the samples were measured during drying. Drying rates were then obtained through the trends of drying curves. Results show the 0.6-1mm sample has low drying rate. Changing the stacking superficial area and size composition has been tested and resulted that only mixed with fine coal can increase the drying rate of 0.6-1mm. But classification experiment shows sieving 0-6mm sample into fine sample and coarse sample cannot advance the drying rate obviously.

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35

Qi, Tingye, Haochen Wang, Guorui Feng, Xianjie Du, Zehua Wang, and Shufeng Zhang. "Effects of Corn Stalk Fly Ash (CSFA) on the Mechanical and Deformation Properties of Cemented Coal Gangue Backfill." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7421769.

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To reduce the amount of cement used in cemented coal gangue backfill (CCGB, a mixture of coal gangue, cement, fly ash, and water), mechanical and deformation properties of CCGB in which CSFA partially replaces the cement (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) were studied. Compressive strength, acoustic emission during uniaxial loading, shear strength, and drying shrinkage were analysed. The compressive strength, shear strength, and drying shrinkage tests were performed at different curing times. The results showed that cemented coal gangue and corn stalk fly ash backfill (CGCAB) presented better performance, and the CGCAB with a 20% substitution rate had the best performance at day 28. Despite having the largest drying shrinkage value, 20% is the best choice for the substitution rate of CSFA. A 20% CSFA addition can enhance the bearing capacity of CGCAB and improve its failure mode, which is of great significance to support the upper overburden load and maintain the surface stability of the goaf.

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36

Tulepov, Marat I., Larissa R. Sassykova, Dauren A. Baiseitov, Bibigul U. Rakhimova, Fedosya Y. Abdrakova, Galiya A. Spanova, Sestager Kh Aknazarov, and Zhansaya Beksultan. "Synthesis and optimization of combustion of briquettes based on substandard brown coals of Kazakhstan deposits with multipolymer binders." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02003271253ls.

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The work aimed to study the process of burning coal briquettes with polymers. As the object of the research, the coals of Kazakhstan deposits were applied. The methodology of the study included theoretical and computational studies on the applied significance of coal processing, analysis by physicochemical research methods, pressing, drying and briquetting of coal with binders. It is shown that the briquettes combustion takes place stepwise and is characterized by a stationary regime. This is due to the mutual influence of the stages of pyrolysis of polyolefins and combustion of coke residue of substandard coal. In the combustion zone, the temperature did not depend on the content of polyethylene and was 400–500ºC in the coal burnout zone. The optimal compositions of briquettes supporting the combustion temperature of 1300°С were determined: coal-40 %, clay-20 %, polyethylene-40 %. Adding up to 20% clay to the polymer and coal mixture led to the formation of a combustion wave structure with symmetric temperature profiles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that polyethylene plays the role of the initiator of combustion, burning at 500ºC, and in the future does not affect the maintenance of the combustion temperature of the briquette. The perspective of the results obtained is the possibility of utilization of low-demand coals of various brands of Kazakhstan deposits, which are waste of coal mining and coal enrichment with further production of coal briquettes of the required quality. Coal briquettes made from substandard coals with a multi-polymer binder, from chemical production waste have a higher calorific value, are mechanically robust during prolonged storage, do not crumble in the furnace until complete combustion, and are waterproof. These advantages determine their use for the population, as well as for various purposes of industrial economy, metallurgy and chemical industry.

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Shustov, Oleksandr, Artem Pavlychenko, Andrii Bondarenko, Oleksandr Bielov, Olena Borysovska, and Arstanbek Abdiev. "Substantiation into Parameters of Carbon Fuel Production Technology from Brown Coal." Materials Science Forum 1045 (September 6, 2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1045.90.

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Technological solutions for brown coal processing, thermal influence on it at temperature change, thermo vacuum drying are analysed and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semi – coking products are studied. The parameters of crushing and thermo vacuum drying of brown coal, heat treatment and cascade separation (electrostatic and magnetic) are substantiated. Studies on the manufacture of a pilot batch of carbon fuel with high quality characteristics are performed. Cascade treatment of heat-treated brown coal on electric and magnetic separators allowed to obtain a concentrate with ash content from 17.72 to 22.8%, volatile yield ≤ 35%, higher heat of combustion from 7256.1 to 7523.6 kcal/kg. It is determined that favourable modes of preliminary heat treatment of brown coal samples are in the temperature range of 200-400°С. The established characteristics of the obtained solid fuel correspond to the gas group of thermal coal. The obtained technological solutions for the processing of brown coal can be the basis for the manufacture of an industrial line, taking into account the thermo vacuum installation for further implementation in enterprises using carbon fuel.

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38

Mortazavi, H. R., A. F. Emery, R. C. Corlett, and W. R. Lockwood. "The Effect of Moisture on the Structural Stability of a Coal Cavity." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231273.

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The drying of coal and the associated thermal and moisture-induced stresses are examined with a numerical model to estimate the rate of surface regression in underground coal gasification. The model includes internal convection, diffusion, conduction and flow of liquid, vapor and gas. The structural failure is modeled by three different mechanisms based upon a strength reduction due to heating, drying, or crack formation. Using properties and boundary conditions appropriate to Western United States coal, the model predicts a regression rate which is in qualitative agreement with measured results. Using the model, it is possible to examine different thermal and failure modes and to gain an understanding of some of the mechanisms which may control the surface regression of coal during gasification. These results may be applicable to the formation of rubble during gasification and to internal cavity collapse.

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Sinha, Abhijit, Rajat Gupta, Krishna Murari Pandey, and Sanjoy Kumar Dey. "Exergy analysis of coal fired tea drying furnace." International Journal of Exergy 17, no. 1 (2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2015.069318.

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40

Ullshin, V. A., V. I. Bardamid, A. S. Menyailenko, and N. S. Serdiuk. "An Equipment Complex for Coal Drying Process Automation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 8 (August 1987): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)59076-x.

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41

Tang, Wen Jiao, Shou Yu Zhang, Jian Xun Dong, Xi Guo, Ai Xia Dong, Hong Jun Zheng, Wen Xiang Deng, Yan Jun Ding, and Jun Fu Lv. "Effects of Drying Process on Lignite Quality." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.127.

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The drying experiments of three typical kinds of Inner Mongolia lignite were conducted on a self-designed apparatus. The proximate analyses and oxygen adsorbing capacities of all the samples were analyzed on an industrial analyzer and a coal spontaneous combustion tendency tester. The results show that the treated samples show no apparent changes in their properties compared to the original lignite and no pyrolysis or combustion phenomenon occurs in the drying process. It is also observed that the oxygen adsorbing capacity of the dewatered sample is lower than that of the original lignite. Especially the oxygen adsorbing capacity of the lignite sample undergoing high-temperature drying process decreases significantly. Considering the amount of adsorbed oxygen can reflect the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal to a certain extent, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the treated lignite decreases.

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Chen, Chun Xiang, Xiao Qian Ma, Xiao Cong Li, and Wei Ping Qin. "Study on Drying Characteristics of Microalgae under Different Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.296.

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To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

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Kim, Tae Joo, Sang Do Kim, Jeong Hwan Lim, Young Woo Rhee, and Si Hyun Lee. "Characteristics of Coal Water Fuel by Various Drying Coals, Surfactants and Particle Size Distribution Using Low Rank Coal." Clean Technology 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2013.19.4.464.

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44

Wen, Zhi Qiang, and Xian Ran Zhu. "Technical Analysis on Lignite Drying Technology with High Temperature Flue Gas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1335.

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The procedure and system of drum drying technology are introduced for lignite drying and upgrading with high temperature flue gas. The total moisture and inherent moisture of lignite decrease significantly after being dried and the lower heat value (LHV) increases greatly, which means that the quality of lignite is improved obviously. Both the moisture and air dried volatile of the dried product coal decrease gradually when increasing the drum inlet temperature. However, only the moisture decreases and the volatile varies little when increasing the drum outlet temperature.The rotating speed of drum will make a few impact on the drying degree. Because the combustion load and the drying output will affect each other, it is recommended that the independent pulverized coal system is added. The key factors affecting the system material balance are the ratio of fine-grained powder and lower heat value. The appropriate ratio of fine-grained powder is suggested. The inert atmosphere feeding system which can control the oxygen content independently must be designed.

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45

Marbun, Aripin Gandi, Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro, and Alvin Mizrawan Tarmizi. "Study of Coal Drying Characteristics Using Boiler Blowdown in a Rotary Coal Dryer." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25807471.v6i1.12053.

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46

Chen, Heng, Zhen Qi, Qiao Chen, Yunyun Wu, Gang Xu, and Yongping Yang. "Modified High Back-Pressure Heating System Integrated with Raw Coal Pre-Drying in Combined Heat and Power Unit." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092487.

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A conceptual high-back pressure (HBP) heating system cooperating raw coal pre-drying for combined heat and power (CHP) was proposed to improve the performance of the HBP-CHP unit. In the new design, besides of heating the supply-water of the heating network, a portion of the exhaust steam from the turbine is employed to desiccate the raw coal prior to the coal pulverizer, which further recovers the waste heat of the exhaust steam and contributes to raising the overall efficiency of the unit. Thermodynamic and economic analyzes were conducted based on a typical 300 MW coal-fired HBP-CHP unit with the application of the modified configuration. The results showed that the power generation thermal efficiency promotion of the unit reaches 1.7% (absolute value) owing to suggested retrofitting, and meanwhile, the power generation standard coal consumption rate is diminished by 5.8 g/kWh. Due to the raw coal pre-drying, the energy loss of the exhaust flue gas of the boiler is reduced by 19.1% and the boiler efficiency increases from 92.7% to 95.4%. The impacts of the water content of the dried coal and the unit heating capacity on the energy-saving effect of the new concept were also examined.

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47

Yuliani, Galuh, Imas Noviyana, and Agus Setiabudi. "Enrichment of Indonesian Low Rank Coal's Surface Oxygen Compounds (SOCs) Using Hydrogen Peroxide and its Adsorptive Properties." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.159.

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Cheap and highly abundant low rank coal from Banten, West Java, Indonesia, was utilized as an adsorbent for a cationic dye. The previous reports show that raw low rank coal has low adsorption capacity when compared to activated carbon. It is also indicated that the coals surface oxygen compounds played a major role in the adsorption mechanism. This research aimed to enrich the oxygen compounds on the coals surface by a straightforward oxidation process using hydrogen peroxide and to investigate the adsorption capacities of raw and treated coals using cationic dye solutions. The oxidation process was conducted by adding the raw coal in hydrogen peroxide solutions having concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, followed by stirring for 10 minutes to 60 minutes. After a serial of washing processes and air-drying, the adsorption capacities of the treated coals for a cationic dye were investigated using batch tests. The batch tests were conducted by adding 0.1 to 0.3 g of coals to 50 mL of methylene blue solutions followed by stirring the solutions for 5 hours. The experimental data were plotted using Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of a treated coal when plotted using Langmuir isotherm was found to be 103 mg/g, significantly higher than that of the raw coal, which was only 52 mg/g. The FTIR spectra showed new absorption of carboxylates at 1700 cm-1 indicating increases in the oxygen containing groups, whilst the surface area measurement indicated an increase in surface area from 0.097 m2/g to 0.232 m2/g. It is concluded that the treatment using hydrogen peroxide solution has significantly improved the surface oxygen compounds of the low rank coal, increased its surface area and also its adsorption capacity for a cationic dye.

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Gu, Zhipan, Jichun Yang, Jing Liu, Leren Tao, Ye Zhang, and Lihao Huang. "Study on Sewage Sludge Drying System With Built-in Solar Drying Bed." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123701041.

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In this paper, the renewable energy solar energy is used as the heat source. The combination of solar drying bed and traditional hot air drying can effectively reduce energy consumption and operation cost. The drying chamber is divided into three layers. The top air supply outlet supplies hot air, the middle layer places wet sludge, and the bottom layer uses hot water coil to dry the sludge. The whole drying process is a heat and mass transfer process with convective heat transfer and radiation heat transfer. After analysis and comparison with traditional energy drying, it is found that drying 97.5kg of sewage sludge will save 79% energy, save 12.84 kg of standard coal, reduce 32 kg of carbon dioxide and 1.284 kg of sulphur dioxide.

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Murko, Vasily, Anatoly Zaostrovsky, Elena Murko, and Mikhail Volkov. "Research of Kinetics of Coal Briquette Drying and Determination of the Optimum Mode Providing Fire and Explosion Safety." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184101040.

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The role coal in power industry is predicted to be increased in future that is caused by its large stocks and depletion of oil and gas fields. Due to production growth, deterioration in mining and geological conditions and broad mechanization of production, the quality characteristics of coals as ash content, particle-size distribution, humidity and sulfur content worsen. Therefore, practically all mined coal requires enriching. The smallgrade and fine concentrates received after enrichment often happen to be unsuitable because of their fineness for further processing or direct use. Therefore briquetting is applied for possibility of further processing or increased utilization efficiency. Compared to the conventional fuel the briquetted fuel possesses higher calorific capacity and bigger stability during storage and transportation.

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Li, Xinyi, Masaki Takaoka, Fenfen Zhu, Jiawei Wang, Kazuyuki Oshita, and Tadao Mizuno. "Environmental and economic assessment of municipal sewage sludge management – a case study in Beijing, China." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.688.

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A case study was conducted in Beijing to identify municipal sewage sludge (SS) management systems appropriate for a sound material-cycle society. The environmental and economic impacts of four realistic SS-handling scenarios were investigated: stabilization by thermal drying, increased inclusion of SS in cement manufacture, and using either dried or carbonized SS as substitute fuel for coal-fired power generation plants. The results showed that the current sludge management system had the lowest operating cost but higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a low recycling rate. The case with the use of carbonized SS reused in coal-fired power plants had higher energy consumption and almost the same GHG emissions as the current system. On the other hand, the case including more SS in cement manufacture had the same level of energy consumption with much lower GHG emissions. The case with the use of dried SS in coal-fired power plants also resulted in lower energy consumption and lower GHG emissions than at present. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that drying SS with surplus heat from cement plants used less energy and emitted less GHG compared to the other two drying methods.

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