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Academic literature on the topic 'Coal Drying'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal Drying"

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Umar, Datin, Suganal Suganal, Ika Monika, Gandhi Hudaya, and Dahlia Diniyati. "The influence of steam drying process on combustion behavior of Indonesian low-rank coals." Indonesian Mining Journal 23, no. 2 (November 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30556/imj.vol23.no2.2020.1105.

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Steam drying process of the Low Rank Coals (LRCs) has been conducted to produce coal which is comparable with the High Rank Coal (HRC). Characterization of the raw and dried coals was carried out through proximate, ultimate, calorific value, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) to study the combustion behavior of the coals. This study used Indonesian low rank coals coming from Tabang (TKK coal) and Samurangau (SP coal), East Kalimantan. The results indicate that the calorific value of the dried coals increases significantly due to the decrease in moisture content of the coal. The FTIR spectrums show that the methylene-ethylene (RCH3/CH2) and aromaticity-aliphaticity ratios (Rar/al) of the dried coals increased while the ratio of RCO/ar decreased which reflect that the rank of the coals increased equivalent to the high rank coal (bituminous). Meanwhile, the TG-DTA indicates that the ignition temperature (Tig) and combustion rate (Rmax) of the dried coals increased. This analysis expresses that the dried coals produced by steam drying process have better combustion behavior due to the higher calorific value than those of the raw coals.
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Swamy, K. M., K. L. Narayana, and J. S. Murty. "ACOUSTIC DRYING OF COAL." Drying Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1988): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373938808916395.

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Zhong, Xiao Hui, Zhen Huan Jin, and Bin Zhao. "Experimental Study of Yuzhou Danhou Long Flame Coal on Vibrating Mixed Flowing Drying System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1956.

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According to the characteristic of Yuzhou Danhou Mine long flame coal, the drying process of the coal was studied on mixed flowing vibrating drying system. The parameter was tested, according to the drying effect, the drying process was optimized. The experimental result shows that mixed flowing vibrating drying system can reduce the moisture and improve the net calorific power of coal effectively, by which transportation cost was saved and the value of coal was increased.
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Yan, Ming, Xinnan Song, Jin Tian, Xuebin Lv, Ze Zhang, Xiaoyan Yu, and Shuting Zhang. "Construction of a New Type of Coal Moisture Control Device Based on the Characteristic of Indirect Drying Process of Coking Coal." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164162.

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This paper presents an in-depth study on the indirect drying characteristics and interface renewal. By comparing the drying rate curve, it is found that shortening the surface drying stage, which contains a repeated evaporation-diffusion-condensation process of moisture, is the key to improve the total drying efficiency. By stirring the coal and realizing the interface renewal between the bottom layer and the surface layer, the drying efficiency reached seven times than that of static indirect drying. Based on indirect heat transfer with high heat and mass transfer rate, a new type of indirect heat transfer moving bed coal moisture control device is designed. At the same time, Fluent fluid mechanics software is used for mathematical modeling and simulation experiments. It is proved that the designed moving bed coal moisture control device has a good application prospect in coal pre-drying technology.
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Hartiniati, Hartiniati. "UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/elk.v7i1.2729.

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A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion
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Matyukhin, V. I., N. V. Yamshanova, A. V. Matyukhina, and T. A. Meyster. "Convective Drying of D Coal." Coke and Chemistry 61, no. 11 (November 2018): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x18110042.

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Somov, A. A., A. N. Tugova, M. N. Makarushin, and N. I. Grigor’eva. "Coal Slurry Drying Process Research." Thermal Engineering 65, no. 8 (July 18, 2018): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601518080050.

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Zhong, Xiao Hui, Zhen Huan Jin, and Bin Zhao. "Thermodynamic Analysis and Evaluation of Mixed Flowing Vibrating Drying System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.939.

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According to the characteristic of Yuzhou Danhou mine long flame coal, the drying processes of coal was study on mixed flowing vibrating drying system. The parameters were tested during the drying process, and thermodynamic process of drying were analysed, the result show that reducing the exergy loss of hot stove is the key point to improve the efficiency of drying system.
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Plutecki, Zbigniew, Paweł Sattler, Krystian Ryszczyk, Anna Duczkowska, and Stanisław Anweiler. "Thermokinetics of Brown Coal during a Fluidized Drying Process." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030684.

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This paper presents the results of research describing the thermokinetics of brown coal’s (lignite) drying process in a fountain-bubble fluidized bed dryer. The drying medium was atmospheric air of a variable temperature in subsequent tests, which ranged from 27 to 70 °C. This paper presents the results of many experimental studies for two different types of brown coal: xylite, from the Bełchatów mine, and earth, from the Turów mine. The two types of brown coal are used to assess different sized coal particles and different air drying temperatures. The functions parameterizing the moisture content of dried coal at different air drying temperatures at any given time are also presented.
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Halim, Abdul, Afninda Aryuni Widyanti, Celvin Dicky Wahyudi, Fahimah Martak, and Eka Luthfi Septiani. "A Pilot Plant Study of Coal Dryer: Simulation and Experiment." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.68745.

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High moisture content in low-range coal causes low calorific value. To increase the quality, drying by a coal dryer to minimize moisture content is proposed. Here, a case study of a cyclone-like conical tube coal dryer pilot plant was reported. Drying heating uses combustion heat generated from volatile matter combustion. This approach will solve the two problems simultaneously: decreasing moisture content and volatile matter. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach is used to study fluid dynamics inside the coal dryer using ANSYS Fluent 2020R2 software. The CFD simulation results represent the phenomenon of coal drying inside the coal dryer validated by the pilot plant experimental result. The simulation was carried out in steady and unsteady conditions to understand the drying phenomena. The simulation firmly fits the experimental result, especially in an unsteady state system, indicating that the simulation result is promising for further coal dryer design. The optimal condition produces a high moisture content reduction of 86.37%, uniform fluid distribution, and significant volatile matter combustion
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal Drying"

1

Freeland, Chad Lee. "Low Temperature Drying of Ultrafine Coal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76750.

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A new dewatering technology, called low temperature drying, has been developed to remove water from ultrafine (minus 325 mesh) coal particles. The process subjects partially dewatered solids to intense mechanical shearing in the presence of unsaturated air. Theoretical analysis of the thermodynamic properties of water indicates residual surface moisture should spontaneously evaporate under these conditions. This is contingent on the large surface area of these fine particles being adequately exposed to an unsaturated stream of air. To demonstrate this process, three dispersion methods were selected for bench-scale testing; the static breaker, air jet conveyor, and centrifugal fan. Each of these devices was chosen for its ability to fully disperse and pneumatically convey the feed cake. The moisture content of the feed cake, and the temperature and relative humidity of the process air were the key parameters that most significantly affected dryer performance. Of the three methods tested, the centrifugal fan produced the best results. The fan was capable of handling feeds as wet as 21.5% and consistently dried the coal fines below 2% moisture. The cost of the air and heat required to provide good drying performance was modeled to explore the practicality of the drying process. Modeling was accomplished by modifying equations developed for thermal dryers. The modeling results indicate, if good exposure of the fine particle surface area is achieved, dryers operating with either heated or unheated (ambient) air can be used for drying ultrafine coal.
Master of Science
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Yang, Xinbo. "SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF EMERGING DRYING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FINE CLEAN COAL DRYING." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1688.

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The selling price of coal product in the market depends on the heating value or BTU content of coal, which is a function of both ash and moisture content. Typically the ash content of fine coal and coarse coal reporting to the clean coal belt of a coal preparation plant are relatively similar from each other, however, the moisture content of fine coal is much higher, i.e., 2 to 3 times that of the coarse coal. In that case, although the fine coal proportion of the total clean coal tonnage produced from a plant is in the 10 to 15% range, as much as 33% of the total moisture content in the clean coal product is contributed by the fine coal fraction. A simple analysis indicates that if the moisture content of the fine coal fraction can be substantially reduced by 50% or more, the density-cut of the coarse coal cleaning circuit can be increased and higher overall plant yield can be obtained while satisfying the overall product heating value specification. To achieve this improvement, the use of a suitable drying technology for fine coal is required. The conventional thermal dryer using convective heating mechanism is an expensive option because of the inherent inefficiencies and safety issues in its operations. The major goal of this study was to evaluate two emerging coal drying technologies, the Nano Drying Technology (NDT) and the Parsepco Drying Technology (PDT), for further reducing moisture content of fine clean coal generating from coal preparation plants in Illinois. The Nano Drying Technology, developed by Nano Drying Technologies, LLC. in West Virginia, makes use of molecular sieves to extract residual moisture from mechanically dewatered coal. In this study, mechanically dewatered fine clean coal collected from Prairie Eagle coal preparation plant, IL and Kepler coal preparation plant, WV were used for the NDT system evaluation. The laboratory experimental results showed that the NDT is able to reduce the moisture content of Illinois fine clean coal from over 20% to less than 10%. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted at NDT LLC's pilot-scale facility in Beckley, WV to evaluate and optimize the system's performance. A parametric study conducted using the Box-Behnken experimental design showed that the mass ratio of molecular sieves to coal feed was the most significant factor for the NDT coal moisture reduction process. An optimal product moisture content of 7.3% was achieved for the IL No. 6 seam coal. The Parsepco Drying Technology is provided by Particle Separation System (PSS) Ltd. in South Africa, which utilizes medium wave infrared radiation to remove the moisture from dewatered fine clean coal. Pilot-scale tests were conducted in Illinois Coal Development Park with IL fine clean coal collected from Prairie Eagle coal preparation plant. Product moisture of 5.3% was achieved with production of 22.8 lb/hr. An optimization analysis on the preliminary tests results was then carried out using Historical Data Respond Surface Method in Design Expert software. The medium-wave infrared radiative (MIR) intensity at 60% of its full power was concluded to be the optimal condition for fine clean coal drying. Feed rate and retention time of drying controlled by coal depth and speed of belt were significant on production. The optimized condition predicted a coal product moisture of 9.5% with production of 57.7 lb/hr. An economic analysis of the plant yield improvement and the resulting revenue gain achievable in a coal preparation plant flow sheet was conducted for Prairie Eagle coal processing plant in Illinois which produces 88 tph mechanically dewatered fine clean coal with average moisture content of 19.66%. The increased coal production of the plant with introducing fine coal drying technology was estimated based on the feed washability data of Knight Hawk coal. Both NDT and PDT are able to reduce the fine coal product moisture to be less than 10%, however, the nanotechnology was proved to be more safety and economical for fine clean coal drying.
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3

Sun, Shang Liang. "Coal drying and comminution in a spouted bed." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28068.

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The simultaneous comminution and drying of coal in spouted beds at various temperatures and structural conditions was studied in a column with 152 mm internal diameter. Size reduction in the spouted bed occurs by three different mechanisms: impaction, shear (attrition) and crushing. The size reduction process depends on the physical parameters and the operating conditions in the spouted bed. The key parameters are the design features of the insert, the spouting velocity, the chosen feedrate and the drying temperature. The feedrate for a continuous run can be determined from the instantaneous production rates of the related semi-batch run at the same operating conditions. In this study, the operating conditions were kept constant in each run, except for the inlet gas temperature, while the grinding medium was either glass beads or a special static insert. The results show that the size reduction rate is more rapid with the special insert than with the glass beads. At elevated temperature the rate of size reduction is also more rapid than that at room temperature. The moisture content and particle size distribution of the products with various inlet gas temperatures were measured for each run. The particle size distribution of the product was dependent on the outlet gas velocity. The energy input to a spouted bed during a comminution and drying operation includes both kinetic energy and thermal energy. The kinetic energy has a direct effect, that is, it provides comminution energy to the particles, whereas the thermal energy influences the comminution of the particles due to the change in their physical properties. These two kinds of energy can complement each other and improve both the efficiency and the capacity of the comminution. The total energy equation, therefore, can provide a simple method to estimate the energy requirement for the coal comminution.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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4

Badenhorst, Mathys Johannes Gerhardus. "A study of the influence of thermal drying on physical coal properties / M.J.G. Badenhorst." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3989.

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One of the major issues facing the coal industry today is the decline in economically recoverable reserves, especially in the Witbank 1 Mpumalanga region of South Africa. This necessitates a critical review of alternate coal sources. One such source was identified as previously discarded and currently arising coal fines. It is well known that great value lies within these fines, but that the high moisture content associated with fine coal leads to thermal inefficiencies, handling problems and increased transport cost. This study will investigate thermal drying as a feasible solution to effectively remove this moisture. During thermal drying coal is fed into a high temperature environment; this can influence the physical and mechanical properties of the coal. The effects include swelling, caking, cracking, loss of water, loss of volatiles, and many more. These effects are investigated by means of thennogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with a heating stage, proximate analysis and mercury intrusion. Coal samples with an average particle size of 500 um were selected for this study. It was found that: The rate of moisture loss up to temperatures between 150 and 200°C is at a maximum where after the rate declines up to temperatures between 350 and 450°C when primary devolatilisation initiates. No visual changes in the coal are observed up to temperatures between 350 and 450°C. A limited amount of volatiles evolve at a constant rate up to 250°C; this is not significant enough to decrease the calorific value of the coal. Porosity changes in the coal are observed from temperatures as low as 250°C. Thermal drying was found to be a feasible alternative to currently employed drying methods with 150°C selected as the optimal drying temperature. A thermal drying plant is proposed with recommendations for future work needed to realise such a plant.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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GAO, FENG. "Comparison of microwave drying and conventional drying of coal." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6258.

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The moisture contents of the final coal products from processing plants are often too high and do not meet the requirements of the client. In many cases, drying becomes a necessary step to control the moisture content. Conventional thermal drying is inefficient and is not environmentally friendly. This study investigates the application of microwaves as an alternative heat source for drying coal. The rate of drying was determined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. Several variables that have significant effects on the drying kinetics were investigated, including incident microwave power, initial moisture content and the sample mass. Microwave drying tests were performed under various conditions and the mass change was monitored continuously. The percentage mass loss, moisture fraction and drying rate were obtained for each experimental condition. The final temperature was measured and drying efficiencies were calculated. For comparison purposes, some conventional thermal drying tests were also carried out at temperatures ranging from 130 to 220oC and with coal masses ranging from 10g to 100g. The TGA results show that microwave drying has distinct advantages over conventional drying such as reducing the overall required time and increasing the drying efficiency. A multiple-regression analytical method was used for both microwave and conventional drying to find the best fit model among eleven different types. Finally, the sample mass, which proved to be the most dominant factor in microwave drying, was incorporated into the equation of the best fit model.
Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-12-23 22:56:04.119
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Zhang, Wei. "Modeling of continuous fluidized bed drying of coal." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316901.

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Norinaga, Koyo. "DRYING INDUCED CHANGE IN MOLECULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN COAL AND WATER." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2115/32677.

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Chikerema, Pheneas. "Effects of particle size, shape and density on the performance of an air fluidized bed in dry coal benefeciation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10505.

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MSc (Eng), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011
Most of the remaining coalfields in South Africa are found in arid areas where process water is scarce and given the need to fully exploit all the coal reserves in the country, this presents a great challenge to the coal processing industry. Hence, the need to consider the implementation of dry coal beneficiation methods as the industry cannot continue relying on the conventional wet processing methods such as heavy medium separation. Dry coal beneficiation with an air dense-medium fluidized bed is one of the dry coal processing methods that have proved to be an efficient separation method with separation efficiencies comparable those of the wet heavy medium separation process. Although the applications of the fluidized bed dry coal separator have been done successfully on an industrial scale, the process has been characterized by relatively poor (Ecart Probable Moyen), Ep values owing to complex hydrodynamics of these systems. Hence, the main objectives of this study is to develop a sound understanding of the key process parameters which govern the kinetics of coal and shale separation in an air fluidized bed focusing on the effect of the particle size, shape and density on the performance of the fluidized separator as well as developing a simple rise/settling velocity empirical model which can be used to predict the quality of separation. As part of this study, a (40 x 40x 60) cm air fluidized bed was designed and constructed for the laboratory tests. A relatively uniform and stable average bed density of 1.64 with STDEV < 0.01 g/cm3 was achieved using a mixture of silica and magnetite as the fluidizing media. Different particle size ranges which varied from (+9.5 -16mm), (+16 -22mm), (+22 -31.5mm) and (+37 -53mm) were used for the detailed separation tests. In order to investigate the effect of the particle shape, only three different particle shapes were used namely blockish (+16 -22mm Blk), flat (+16 -22mm FB) and sharp pointed prism particles (+16 – 22mm SR).Different techniques were developed for measuring the rise and settling velocities of the particles in the bed. The Klima and Luckie partition model (1989) was used to analyze the partition data for the different particles and high R2 values ranging from (0.9210 - 0.9992) were recorded. Average Ep iii values as low as 0.05 were recorded for the separation of (+37 -53mm) and (+22 -31.5mm) particles under steady state conditions with minimum fluctuation of the cut density. On the other hand, the separation of the (+16 -22mm) and (+9.5 – 16mm) particles was characterized by relatively high average Ep values of 0.07 and 0.11 respectively. However the continuous fluctuation or shift of the cut density for the (+9.5 -16mm) made it difficult to efficiently separate the particles. Although, particle shape is a difficult parameter to control, the different separation trends that were observed for the (+16 -22mm) particles of different shapes indicate that particle shape has got a significant effect on the separation performance of the particles in the air fluidized bed. A simple empirical model which can be used to predict the rise/settling velocities or respective positions of the different particles in the air fluidized bed was developed based on the Stokes’ law. The proposed empirical model fitted the rise/settling data for the different particle size ranges very well with R2 values varying from 0.8672 to 0.9935. Validation of the empirical model indicate that the model can be used to accurately predict the rise/settling velocities or respective positions for all the other particles sizes ranges except for the (+9.5 – 16mm) particles where a relatively high average % error of (21.37%) was recorded. The (+37 -53mm) and (+22 -31.5mm) particles separated faster and more efficiently than the (+16 -22mm) and (+9.5 -16mm) particles. However, the separation efficiency of the particles can be further improved by using deeper beds (bed height > 40cm) with relatively uniform and stable bed densities. Prescreening of the coal particles into relatively narrow ranges is important in the optimization of dry coal beneficiation using an air fluidized bed since different optimum operating conditions are required for the efficient separation of the different particle size ranges and shapes. The accuracy and the practical applicability of the proposed empirical model can be further improved by carrying out some detailed rise/settling tests using more accurate and precise equipment such as the gamma camera to track the motion of the particles in the fluidized bed as well as measuring the actual bed viscosity and incorporate it in the model.
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LIAO, WEI-YUAN, and 廖尉淵. "Drying Pre-treatment of Kitchen Waste for Composition Blending to Produce Artificial Green Coal." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pz4j26.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
107
The municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment has always been an important issue in Taiwan. This study selected TP City A, B, and C incineration plant as sampling sites and each site samples three times. To understand the physical and chemical composition of TP municipal solid waste (MSW), this study classified kitchen waste into 13 categories. Kitchen waste conducts a drying experiment and basic characteristics analysis. According to the experiment result, it can evaluate and design the required space for solar drying equipment for kitchen waste. To discuss the feasibility of blending dry kitchen waste to make artificial green coal. The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in TP city is 39.1 wt% paper, 5.9 wt% fiber cloth, 3.5 wt% wood and straw, 19.3 wt% kitchen waste, 21.3 wt% plastic, and 3.0 wt% leather, and the average water content is about 35.9 wt%. Therefore, up to 79.7 wt% of waste is consist of paper, kitchen waste, and plastics. For the kitchen waste, the three main categories were 37.4 wt% vegetables and fruits, 20.7 wt% peels, and 8.4 wt% noodles, and the average water content was 74.3 wt%. Hence, the water content of municipal solid waste (MSW) is highly related to the ratio of kitchen waste to overall waste. By conducting 7 hours of drying processing, the water content can be reduced by 34.2%~55.8wt%, and the drying rate is about 3.1 ~0.2 g·H2O/kg·min. Can process about 160 tons/day of kitchen waste. According to the experiment result, this study inference the area of the solar drying equipment is about 9,990m2. Analysis basic characteristics of kitchen waste, the ash content and fixed carbon of the kitchen waste are lower, the volatile content is higher, if blended in artificial green coal, kitchen waste not only reduce the ash content but also reduce the calorific value of artificial green coal. According to the results, a little of kitchen waste has the opportunity to blend artificial green coal.
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Van, Rensburg Martha Johanna. "Drying of fine coal using warm air in a dense medium fluidised bed / Martha Johanna van Rensburg." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15902.

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Fluidised bed drying is currently receiving much attention as a dewatering option after the beneficiation of fine coal (defined in this study as between 1mm and 2mm particles). The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of moisture from fine coal by using air at relatively low temperatures of between 25°C and 60°C within a controlled environment by lowering of the relative humidity of air. The first part of the experimental work was completed in a controlled climate chamber with the coal samples in a static non-fluidised state. Drying in the second part was carried out using a fluidised bed with conditioned air as the fluidising medium. Introduction of airflow to the system led to a lower moisture content in the coal samples and it also proved to have the ability to increase the drying rate. It was determined that the airflow had the ability to remove more free moisture from the filter cake. In addition more inherent moisture could also be removed by using upward flowing air, resulting in a lower equilibrium moisture content. It was proven that the airflow rate and relative humidity of the drying air contributed to faster drying rates. The effect of temperature was not as significant as expected, but higher temperatures did increase the drying rate at higher airflow and lower humidity conditions. The larger surface areas of particles create surface and capillary forces that prevent the moisture from leaving the finer coal particles. It was found that the rate of drying is independent of the moisture content in the coal sample. Just in terms of the fastest drying time and drying rate in the fluidised bed, it was concluded that the most efficient conditions is airflow above minimum fluidisation point causing vigorous mixing and maximum contact with the drying air. In addition to the high airflow it was concluded that 30% relative humidity and 55°C resulted in the fastest drying time. All the drying processes at all the airflow rates, temperature and relative humidity conditions were energy efficient. This process was shown to be energy positive, resulting in an overall energy gain. The overall energy consumption for the fluidised bed is lower than for all the dryer systems compared to and it compared favourably with other thermal drying technologies. It was therefore shown that this is a viable technology for the dewatering of fine coal.
MIng (Chemical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Books on the topic "Coal Drying"

1

Lindroth, David P. Microwave drying of fine coal. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Draeger, E. A. Thermal drying of subbituminous coal. S.l: s.n, 1988.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Microwave Drying of Fine Coal. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Gillian, Clark F. Positive pressure thermal coal dryers. [Charleston, W. Va.]: West Virginia, Dept. of Energy, Division of Mines and Minerals, Board of Miner Training, Education, and Certification, 1985.

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Pang, Shusheng, Sankar Bhattacharya, and Junjie Yan. Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal. Edited by Shusheng Pang, Sankar Bhattacharya, and Junjie Yan. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871.

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Sprute, R. H. Electrokinetic densification of solids in a coal mine sediment pond: A feasibility study (in two parts). Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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Sturgulewski, R. M. Thermal drying of low rank coals. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Pang, Shusheng, Sankar Bhattacharya, and Junjie Yan. Drying of Biomass Biosolids and Coal. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Pang, Shusheng, Sankar Bhattacharya, and Junjie Yan. Drying of Biomass Biosolids and Coal. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Dharma, Rao P., and Alaska Science and Technology Foundation., eds. Characterization of coal products from high temperature processing of Usibelli low-rank coal: Report to Alaska Science and Technology Foundation. [Fairbanks: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal Drying"

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Yan, Junjie, and Xiaoqu Han. "Advances in Coal Drying." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 135–64. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-7.

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Kamei, Takao, Fuminobu Ono, Keiichi Komai, Takeshi Wakabayashi, and Hayami Itoh. "Dewatering and Utilization of High Moisture Brown Coal." In Drying ’85, 403–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21830-3_54.

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Ho, Y. C., K. Y. Show, Yuegen Yan, and D. J. Lee. "Drying of Algae." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 97–116. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-5.

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Bhattacharya, Sankar. "Coal Drying in Large Scale." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 117–34. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-6.

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Pang, Shusheng, Yanjie Wang, and Hua Wang. "Recent Advances in Biomass Drying for Energy Generation and Environmental Benefits." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 1–18. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-1.

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Rezaei, Hamid, Fahimeh Yazdanpanah, Shahab Sokhansanj, Lester Marshall, Anthony Lau, C. Jim Lim, and Xiaotao Bi. "Biomass Drying and Sizing for Industrial Combustion Applications." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 19–50. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-2.

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Curío, César Huiliñir, Francisco Stegmaier, and Silvio Montalvo. "Advances in Biodrying of Sludge." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 51–74. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-3.

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Show, K. Y., Yuegen Yan, and D. J. Lee. "Advances in Algae Dewatering Technologies." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 75–96. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-4.

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Yan, Junjie, and Ming Liu. "Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of Coal and Biomass Drying." In Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 165–92. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advancing in drying technology: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351000871-8.

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van Rensburg, M. J., M. Le Roux, and Q. P. Campbell. "Drying of coal fines assisted by ceramic sorbents." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 741–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_114.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coal Drying"

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Bhattacharya, Chittatosh, and Nilotpal Banerjee. "Integrated Drying and Partial Coal Gasification for Low NOX Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55108.

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Coal bound moisture is a key issue in pulverized coal fired power generation. Coal being hygroscopic, accumulates considerable surface moisture with seasonal variations. A few varieties of coals are having unusually high inherent as well as surface moisture that affects the pulverizer performance and results lower thermal efficiency of the plant. A proper coal drying is essential for effective pulverization and pneumatic conveyance of coal to furnace. But, the drying capacity is limited by available hot airflow and temperature of hot primary air. Even, use of high-grade coal for blending would not provide the entire useful heat value due to moisture, when used for matching power plant design coal parameters. Besides, the inefficient mining, transportation, stacking and associated coal fleet management deteriorates the “as fired” coal quality affecting cost while purchased on “total moisture and gross heat value” basis. Partial devolatilisation of coal in a controlled heating process, prior combustion in fuel-rich environment ensures better in-furnace flame stability and less residual carbon in product of combustion. It improves the opportunity of a lower flame zone temperature, delivering better control over thermal NOx formation from fuel bound nitrogen. The pulverized coal fired power plants use coal feeders in either gravimetric or volumetric mode of feeding that needs correction for moisture in coal which changes the coal throughput requirement. In this paper an integrated coal drying and partial coal gasification system model is discussed to improve the useful heat value for pulverized coal combustion of high moisture typical power coals so that related improvement in coal throughput can be carried out by application of suitable coal drying mechanism like Partial Flue Gas Recirculation through Pulverizer (PFGR©) for mitigating the coal throughput demand with optimizing available pulverizing capacity along NOx control opportunity without derating steam generation capacity of the boiler.
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Yang, Xuliang, Yuemin Zhao, Zhenfu Luo, Zengqiang Chen, Chenlong Duan, and Shulei Song. "Brown coal drying processes-a review." In Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930834.

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Alvarado, Maria, Julio Mejia, Marley Vanegas Chamorro, and Luis Hernandez. "Influential variables in coal batch microwave drying." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Alternative Energies and Energy Quality (SIFAE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sifae.2012.6478899.

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Chen, Wei, Yunlei Wang, Kalyan Annamalai, Jiafeng Sun, and Zhimin Xie. "Dewatering Studies on the Low Rank China Lignite Using N2, CO2 and Air." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-44035.

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The integrated gasification and combined cycle (IGCC), uses low rank coal (higher moisture and volatile contents and lower heating value) as fuel for gasification (e.g Texaco gasifier of Tampa electric with low ash coal) and convert the solid fuel into synthetic gas mainly consisting of CO and H2. During the storage of fresh low rank but highly reactive coals near the IGCC plants, the coals undergo drying and low temperature atmospheric oxidation which raises the temperature, reduces the moisture and eventually causes spontaneous ignition if the temperature rises above about 800 °C in the coal piles for bituminous and 500 °C for lignite coals. Thus it is of interest to understand the dewatering mechanism of the low rank lignite by drying samples using N2, CO2 and air (which represents partial oxidation) as drying mediums. Fundamental experiments were performed on dewatering of coal samples using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) with different particle sizes and drying mediums. A wide range of drying temperatures from 100 to 225 °C with a step of 25 °C was investigated at a residence time of about 30 minutes. There are no significant differences among moisture weight loss curves for the three drying mediums. It was found that the lignite lost only 5% mass at about 100 °C. With further increase in temperatures most of the mass loss occurred within the temperature range of 120 to 170 °C. The maximum moisture release rate occurred for the temperatures between 125 °C and 140 °C and hence serves as the optimal temperature range for removing the moisture. When drying temperature was below 140 °C, highest moisture release rate occurred in N2 environment while for CO2 environment, optimal temperature rose beyond 140 °C. The structure of the dewatered lignite samples were further investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. When experiments were repeated in air, ignition occurred and corresponding ignition temperatures were obtained. The larger particles reveal lower ignition temperatures.
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Giuffrida, Antonio. "Impact of Low-Rank Coal on Air-Blown IGCC Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26843.

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This paper presents simulation results of air-blown coal gasification-based combined cycles when using low-rank coals, by means of a previously realized thermodynamic model. In detail, besides considering a sub-bituminous coal, attention is also paid to a brown coal, pre-dried to reduce its high moisture content. When gasifying a sub-bituminous as received coal the results highlight a slight reduction in IGCC LHV efficiency, with an absolute difference less than 1 percentage point if compared to the case with bituminous coal. This result is accomplished with an increase in net power output (almost 8 percentage points). As concerns the brown coal, a pre-drying before gasification is considered because of its significant moisture content (65 wt%). In particular, three cases with different pre-drying levels are analyzed, with the highest residual moisture content limited to 30 wt%. Even considering an energy-saving technology as the fluidized bed dryer with integrated waste heat recovery, the specific demand for coal drying amounts to 2.1–2.3 percentage points referred to the (pre-dried) coal thermal input, seriously affecting both the final IGCC efficiency and its power output in comparison with the case of bituminous coal. Higher residual moisture in coal leads to lower IGCC efficiency, whereas the net power is always less than the one delivered by the plant with the sub-bituminous coal. However, comparing the cases with sub-bituminous coal and brown coal with the minimum moisture content (10 wt%), LHV and HHV efficiencies present opposite trends, since HHV efficiency for the case with brown coal is even better than with sub-bituminous coal.
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Kutovyi, Volodymyr Alexandrovich, Victor Tkachenko, and Alice Nikolaenko. "Thermal - Vacuum dehydration and dispergation of dispersed materials." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7798.

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Scientific and technical studies on the intensification of removal moisture from dispersed materials and their simultaneous dispergation in the hollow heating element of a thermo-vacuum apparatus is researched. Continuous thermo-vacuum dehydration and dispergation process of zirconium hydroxide, brown coal, graphite, sawdust, biological materials is considered. Based on conducted studies was made conclusions about perspective to use this technology. Thermo-vacuum technology is different from the other by low-temperature heating, low time processing, humidity indicators controlling and nano-dispersion grinding. Keywords: dehydration, dispergation, energy saving
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CLAYTON, SAM, DILIP DESAI, and ANDREW HOADLEY. "DRYING OF BROWN COAL USING A SUPERHEATED STEAM ROTARY DRYER." In The Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771957_0024.

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Liu, Ming, Rongtang Liu, and Junjie Yan. "Theoretical study and case analysis for a pre-dried pyrolysis coupled lignite-fired power system." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7373.

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Lignite, a kind of low rank coal, has the characteristics of high moisture, high volatile, high ash and low heat value. The low-temperature pyrolysis technology is potential to improve the utilization efficiency of lignite. Therefore, a lignite-based energy system integrated with pre-drying and low-temperature pyrolysis was proposed in this paper. To assess the influence of pre-drying process, theoretical models were developed based on thermodynamics, and a case analysis was then performed to get the quantitative effect of pre-drying on efficiency of energy utilization. Results show that pre-drying on PPPS theoretical model can significantly improve the utilization of lignite by 1.46%.Keywords: Lignite; Pre-drying; Low-temperature pyrolysis; Energy efficiency; Case analysis.
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Roberts, Heather, Mitch Favrow, Jesse Coatney, David Yoe, Chenaniah Langness, and Christopher Depcik. "Small Scale Prototype Biomass Drying System for Co-Combustion With Coal." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62188.

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Thermoelectric power plants burn thousands of tons of non-renewable resources every day to heat water and create steam, which drives turbines that generate electricity. This causes a significant drain on local resources by diverting water for irrigation and residential usage into the production of energy. Moreover, the use of fossil reserves releases significant amounts of greenhouse and hazardous gases into the atmosphere. As electricity consumption continues to grow and populations rise, there is a need to find other avenues of energy production while conserving water resources. Co-combusting biomass with coal is one potential route that promotes renewable energy while reducing emissions from thermoelectric power plants. In order to move in this direction, there is a need for a low-energy and low-cost system capable of drying materials to a combustion appropriate level in order to replace a significant fraction of the fossil fuel used. Biomass drying is an ancient process often involving the preservation of foods using passive means, which is economically efficient but slow and impractical for large-scale fuel production. This effort, accomplished as an undergraduate capstone design project, instead implements an active drying system for poplar wood using theorized waste heat from the power plant and potentially solar energy. The use of small-scale prototypes demonstrate the principles of the system at a significantly reduced cost while allowing for calculation of mass and energy balances in the analysis of drying time, Coefficient of Performance, and the economics of the process. Experimental tests illustrate the need to distribute air and heat evenly amongst the biomass for consistent drying. Furthermore, the rotation of biomass is critical in order to address the footprint of the system when placing next to an existing thermoelectric power plant. The final design provides a first step towards the refinement and development of a system capable of efficiently returning an amount of biomass large enough to replace non-renewable resources. Finally, an innovative methodology applied to the dryer is discussed that could recover water evaporated from the biomass and utilize it for agricultural purposes or within the power plant thermodynamic cycle.
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Iki, Norihiko, Osamu Kurata, and Atsushi Tsutsumi. "Performance of IGFC With Exergy Recuperation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26675.

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The Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is considered to be a very clean and efficient system for coal-fired power generation. And given the development of 100 MW-scale solid oxide fuels cells (SOFCs), the integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle (IGFC) would be the most efficient coal-fired power generation system. However, more energy efficient power generation systems must be developed in order to reduce CO2 emissions over the middle and long term. Thus, the authors have proposed the Advanced Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (A-IGCC) and Advanced IGFC (A-IGFC) systems, which utilize exhaust heat from solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and/or gas turbines as a heat source for gasification (exergy recuperation). The A-IGCC and A-IGFC systems utilize a twin circulating fluidized bed coal gasifier consisting of three primary components: a pyrolyzer, steam reformer and partial combustor. The temperature of the steam reformer is 800 °C, and that of the partial oxidizer is 950 °C. Since the syngas, produced by pyrolysis and the reforming process involving volatile hydrocarbons, tar and char, contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the A-IGCC technology has considerable potential for higher thermal efficiency while utilizing low-grade coals. The coal types utilized in the study were bituminous Taiheiyo, sub-bituminous Adaro and Loy Yang coal. Milewski’s formula was used to model the circuit voltage of the SOFC. Cool gas efficiency increases, in order, from Taiheiyo coal to Adaro coal to Loy Yang coal. The A-IGFC system has the potential to achieve high thermal efficiency using various coals, with Loy Yang coal achieving the highest thermal efficiency. However, the drying process for Loy Yang and Adaro coal is an important issue.
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Reports on the topic "Coal Drying"

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Skone, Timothy J. Biomass Drying for Coal-Biomass Cofiring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509242.

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Rahimi, P. M., A. Palmer, and M. Fatemi. Effect of mode of coal drying on coprocessing performance. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304587.

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Edward K. Levy. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882403.

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Edward K. Levy. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882405.

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Edward K. Levy, Hugo Caram, Zheng Yao, and Gu Feng. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882430.

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Nenad Sarunac and Edward Levy. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882431.

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Edward Levy, Nenad Sarunac, Harun Bilirgen, and Wei Zhang. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882433.

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Edward Levy. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882434.

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Edward Levy, Harun Bilirgen, Ursla Levy, John Sale, and Nenad Sarunac. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882436.

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Edward K. Levy, Nenad Sarunac, Harun Bilirgen, and Hugo Caram. USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882470.

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