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Academic literature on the topic 'Coal Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal Australia"

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Sappal, Krishna K. "Geology and organic petrology of some selected Permian and Jurassic coals of Western Australia." Journal of Palaeosciences 45 (December 31, 1996): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1996.1216.

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The commercial coal resources of Western Australia occur in sediments ranging in age from Permian to Jurassic. The coal from each period has distinctive geographical, biological and geological characteristics which effects its utilization in industry and power generation. Currently the Permian intracratonic Collect Basin is the only producing coalfield in Western Australia. The annual production from this coalfield is approximately 6million tonnes, which is mostly used for power generation. Another Permian coal deposit in the Vasse Shelf, located in the southern part of the Perth Basin has potential for export to Asian markets. The Early Jurassic coal of the Hill River area in the northern Perth Basin has been fully explored and is ready for mining as a source for power generation. All three coal deposits represent a measured in situ resource in excess of 1500 million tonnes for Western Australia. Similar to the Gondwana coals of Australia, the coals are finely banded and the dominant lithotypes are dull banded with minor bright and bright banded types. The maceral composition of the coal is variable, however, the macerals of vitrinite and inertinite groups dominate, and the exinite and mineral matter contents are low, particularly in the Permian coals. On the basis of petrology of coal and the inter-seam sediments the depositional environment for the Permian coal was braided fluvial and fluvio-lacustrine, with marked fluctuations in the water table. The low water table accounts for fusain and inertodetrinite in the coal. The depositional environment for the Jurassic coal was of a low delta with some marine influence, supported by the presence of framboidal pyrite and acritarchs in the coal measures.
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Walters, A. D. "Coal Preparation Developments in Indonesia and Australia." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 4 (August 1995): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300407.

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There is considerable development within the coal processing industries of both Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia is rapidly becoming a major coal producer of thermal coal and there is little need for conventional coal preparation of the generally low ash coal. However, much of Indonesia's lower grade coal is high moisture, high volatile sub-bituminous and new methods of thermal moisture reduction and briquetting will have to be used to increase quality, particularly for export. The coal briquetting industry in Indonesia is also planned to grow dramatically to some 4 M tpy to conserve Indonesia's oil products. Australia's mature coal industry has been carrying out a considerable amount of practical research and development with programmes that will result in improved process control and optimization resulting in increases in yield and better quality control.
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Salmachi, Alireza, Mojtaba Rajabi, Carmine Wainman, Steven Mackie, Peter McCabe, Bronwyn Camac, and Christopher Clarkson. "History, Geology, In Situ Stress Pattern, Gas Content and Permeability of Coal Seam Gas Basins in Australia: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092651.

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Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coalbed methane (CBM), is an important source of gas supply to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting facilities in eastern Australia and to the Australian domestic market. In late 2018, Australia became the largest exporter of LNG in the world. 29% of the country’s LNG nameplate capacity is in three east coast facilities that are supplied primarily by coal seam gas. Six geological basins including Bowen, Sydney, Gunnedah, Surat, Cooper and Gloucester host the majority of CSG resources in Australia. The Bowen and Surat basins contain an estimated 40Tcf of CSG whereas other basins contain relatively minor accumulations. In the Cooper Basin of South Australia, thick and laterally extensive Permian deep coal seams (>2 km) are currently underdeveloped resources. Since 2013, gas production exclusively from deep coal seams has been tested as a single add-on fracture stimulation in vertical well completions across the Cooper Basin. The rates and reserves achieved since 2013 demonstrate a robust statistical distribution (>130 hydraulic fracture stages), the mean of which, is economically viable. The geological characteristics including coal rank, thickness and hydrogeology as well as the present-day stress pattern create favourable conditions for CSG production. Detailed analyses of high-resolution borehole image log data reveal that there are major perturbations in maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) orientation, both spatially and with depth in Australian CSG basins, which is critical in hydraulic fracture stimulation and geomechanical modelling. Within a basin, significant variability in gas content and permeability may be observed with depth. The major reasons for such variabilities are coal rank, sealing capacity of overlying formations, measurement methods, thermal effects of magmatic intrusions, geological structures and stress regime. Field studies in Australia show permeability may enhance throughout depletion in CSG fields and the functional form of permeability versus reservoir pressure is exponential, consistent with observations in North American CSG fields.
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Selvey, Linda. "Coal and health in Australia." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14040.

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It is worth remembering that perhaps the biggest health impact of mining and burning coal today is the impact on our climate due to the CO2 that will be released from coal combustion. At Copenhagen in December 2009, world leaders agreed on a target of 2°C warming. At current global emissions we are way off that target, and are set for at least 4°C warming by 2100. If we are going to meet the 2°C degree target, then the world can only emit 1000 billion tonnes of CO2 between 2000 and 2050. In the first 13 years of the century, we’ve already burned 40% of that. If we were to mine and then burn Australia’s known coal reserves, on their own, would use up one-twelfth of the remaining global carbon budget. Whether we burn our coal here or sell it to China, it’s all the same to the atmosphere
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Petersen, Henrik I. "Oil generation from coal source rocks: the influence of depositional conditions and stratigraphic age." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 7 (July 29, 2005): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v7.4822.

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Although it was for many years believed that coals could not act as source rocks for commercial oil accumulations, it is today generally accepted that coals can indeed generate and expel commercial quantities of oil. While hydrocarbon generation from coals is less well understood than for marine and lacustrine source rocks, liquid hydrocarbon generation from coals and coaly source rocks is now known from many parts of the world, especially in the Australasian region (MacGregor 1994; Todd et al. 1997). Most of the known large oil accumulations derived from coaly source rocks have been generated from Cenozoic coals, such as in the Gippsland Basin (Australia), the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand), and the Kutei Basin (Indonesia). Permian and Jurassic coal-sourced oils are known from, respectively, the Cooper Basin (Australia) and the Danish North Sea, but in general only minor quantities of oil appear to be related to coals of Permian and Jurassic age. In contrast, Carboniferous coals are only associated with gas, as demonstrated for example by the large gas deposits in the southern North Sea and The Netherlands. Overall, the oil generation capacity of coals seems to increase from the Carboniferous to the Cenozoic. This suggests a relationship to the evolution of more complex higher land plants through time, such that the highly diversified Cenozoic plant communities in particular have the potential to produce oil-prone coals. In addition to this overall vegetational factor, the depositional conditions of the precursor mires influenced the generation potential. The various aspects of oil generation from coals have been the focus of research at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) for several years, and recently a worldwide database consisting of more than 500 coals has been the subject of a detailed study that aims to describe the oil window and the generation potential of coals as a function of coal composition and age.
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Swan, Anthony, Sally Thorpe, and Lindsay Hogan. "Australia–Japan coking coal trade." Resources Policy 25, no. 1 (March 1999): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(99)00004-5.

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Crosdale, Peter J. "Coal facies studies in Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 58, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2003.10.004.

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Plakitkina, L. S., Yu A. Plakinkin, and K. I. D’yachenko. "World market of coking coals within the period of 2000–2017 and tendencies of its further development." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-14-20.

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Data on mining and consumption of coking coals quoted, including China, Australia, Russia, USA and India. It was shown, that China, taking the first place in the world on those indices, keeps a policy of coals mining and consumption cutting. The China authorities set a task to cut coal mining by 500 mt within 3–5 years beginning from 2016, by mines closing and reducing of working days number at coal-mining plants (from 330 down to 276 a year). At Ukraine in 2017 only 5.2 mt of coking coals were mined, relating to the 2000 level it constitutes only 18.8%. A cardinal reduction of coking coals production from 18.9 mt in 2000 down to 2.4 mt in 2017 observed in Germany. The world consumption of coking coals from 2000 through 2017 increased more than two-folds. However, beginning from 2014, a decreasing trend observed. China is the leader in coking coals consumption. The consumption of them increased in 2017 comparing with 2000 more than five-folds. South Korea takes the fifth place by coking coals consumption. The volume of its consumption increased from 2000 through 2017 by factor 1.9. Ukraine, USA and Germany decreased consumption of coking coals within the period under consideration by 44.3, 38.7 and 40.1% correspondently. The coal world export by end of 2017 comparing with 2000 increased by factor 1.7. By results of 2017, Australia exported 62% of the world coking coal trade volume. USA are the second big exporter of coking coals. The export of coals from the USA in 2017 increased comparing with 2000 by 68%.
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Post, David, Peter Baker, and Damian Barrett. "Determining the impacts of coal seam gas extraction on water-dependent assets." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15051.

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Many Australians, particularly in rural areas, are seeking clear scientific information about the potential impacts of coal seam gas production on groundwater and surface water across the country. In response to the resultant community concern, the Australian Government commissioned an ambitious multi-disciplinary program of bioregional assessments to improve understanding of the potential impacts of coal seam gas (and large coal mining) activities on water-dependent assets across six bioregions in eastern and central Australia. Delivered through a collaboration between the Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, and Geoscience Australia—and including close engagement with natural resource management and catchment management organisations, coal resource companies, Indigenous peoples and state governments—the results will allow coal resource companies, governments, and the community to focus on the areas where impacts may occur so that these can be minimised. Key findings of the program will be presented with specific reference to the potential impacts on water-dependent assets due to CSG development by Metgasco and AGL in the Clarence-Moreton and Gloucester regions, respectively.
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Boreham, C. J., J. E. Blevin, A. P. Radlinski, and K. R. Trigg. "COAL AS A SOURCE OF OIL AND GAS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE BASS BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02006.

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Only a few published geochemical studies have demonstrated that coals have sourced significant volumes of oil, while none have clearly implicated coals in the Australian context. As part of a broader collaborative project with Mineral Resources Tasmania on the petroleum prospectivity of the Bass Basin, this geochemical study has yielded strong evidence that Paleocene–Eocene coals have sourced the oil and gas in the Yolla, Pelican and Cormorant accumulations in the Bass Basin.Potential oil-prone source rocks in the Bass Basin have Hydrogen Indices (HIs) greater than 300 mg HC/g TOC. The coals within the Early–Middle Eocene succession commonly have HIs up to 500 mg HC/g TOC, and are associated with disseminated organic matter in claystones that are more gas-prone with HIs generally less than 300 mg HC/g TOC. Maturity of the coals is sufficient for oil and gas generation, with vitrinite reflectance (VR) up to 1.8 % at the base of Pelican–5. Igneous intrusions, mainly within Paleocene, Oligocene and Miocene sediments, produced locally elevated maturity levels with VR up to 5%.The key events in the process of petroleum generation and migration from the effective coaly source rocks in the Bass Basin are:the onset of oil generation at a VR of 0.65% (e.g. 2,450 m in Pelican–5);the onset of oil expulsion (primary migration) at a VR of 0.75% (e.g. 2,700–3,200 m in the Bass Basin; 2,850 m in Pelican–5);the main oil window between VR of 0.75 and 0.95% (e.g. 2,850–3,300 m in Pelican–5); and;the main gas window at VR >1.2% (e.g. >3,650 m in Pelican–5).Oils in the Bass Basin form a single oil population, although biodegradation of the Cormorant oil has resulted in its statistical placement in a separate oil family from that of the Pelican and Yolla crudes. Oil-to-source correlations show that the Paleocene–Early Eocene coals are effective source rocks in the Bass Basin, in contrast to previous work, which favoured disseminated organic matter in claystone as the sole potential source kerogen. This result represents the first demonstrated case of significant oil from coal in the Australian context. Natural gases at White Ibis–1 and Yolla–2 are associated with the liquid hydrocarbons in their respective fields, although the former gas is generated from a more mature source rock.The application of the methodologies used in this study to other Australian sedimentary basins where commercial oil is thought to be sourced from coaly kerogens (e.g. Bowen, Cooper and Gippsland basins) may further implicate coal as an effective source rock for oil.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal Australia"

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Alder, Lisa. "Strategies in the Australia-Japan Coking Coal Bilateral Oligopoly Market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227110/1/T%28BS%29%20235_Alder_2001.pdf.

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Studies of price and output behaviour in the Australia-Japan coking coal market since Ben Smith (1977) have focused on low and inflexible prices determined with quantities under the contract system, and the outcomes have been attributed to the cartel behaviour of integrated Japanese Steel Mills (JSMs). When viewed with theory on oligopoly, these price and associated output outcomes are not unexpected nor are they necessarily inefficient. Oligopoly theories contribute to an understanding of the way in which oligopolists comprehend their interdependence and use their knowledge and experience to achieve joint profit maximisation without coordination or collusion. Yet these oligopoly theories only serve to explain certain behaviours within the Australia-Japan coking coal market. The presence oflarge coordinated oligopsonist buyers introduces factors specific to the study of bilateral oligopoly. Yet the way in which supplier oligopolists use output and costs to survive in the presence of the countervailing power of large organised buyers (JSMs) has not been fully investigated. Neither oligopoly suppliers nor oligopsonist buyers in the Australia-Japan coking coal market achieve joint profit maximisation. Instead, Australian oligopoly coking coal suppliers are price takers, which oversupply the market, earn reasonable profit, and through internal cost minimisation and risk diversification strategies, still manage to operate efficiently and effectively in the presence of cartel buyers. This study redirects the focus on coking coal to the internal behaviour and strategies ( drawing on game theories and strategic behaviour) of oligopolist suppliers and oligopsonist buyers to explain price and quantity levels in the presence of countervailing oligopsonists. The study highlights the strategies open to Australian coking coal oligopolists, and areas for future investigation.
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Santoso, Binarko. "Petrology of permian coal, Vasse Shelf, Perth Basin, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1466.

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The Early Permian coal samples for the study were obtained from the Vasse Shelf, southern Perth Basin, located approximately 200 km south- west of Perth. The selected coal samples for the study were also obtained from the Premier Sub-basin of the Collie Basin and the Irwin Sub-basin of the Perth Basin. The Early Permian coal measures are described as the Sue Coal Measures from the Vasse Shelf, the Ewington Coal Measures from the Premier Sub-basin and the coal measures from the Irwin sub-basin are described as the Irwin River Coal Measures.The Vasse Shelf coal is finely banded and the dominant lithotypes are dull and dull banded types, followed by bright banded and banded types, with minor bright types. The variation of dull and bright lithotypes represents fluctuating conditions of water table level during the growth of peat in the swamp. The maceral composition of the coal is predominantly composed of inertinite, followed by vitrinite and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal is characterized by very low to medium semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, supporting the deposition in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub- bituminous to high volatile bituminous of the Australian classification. In terms of microlithotype group, the predominance of inertite over vitrite suggests the coal was formed under drier conditions with high degree of oxidation during its deposition. On the basis of the interpretations of lithotypes, macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements, the depositional environment of the coal is braided and meandering deltaic-river system without any brackish or marine influence.The maceral composition of the Collie coal predominantly consists of inertinite and vitrinite, with low exinite and mineral matter. The very low to low semifusinite ratio and low to medium vitrinite content of the coal indicate that the coal was formed under aerobic dry to wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is categorized as sub-bituminous according to the Australian classification. The domination of inertite and durite over vitrite and clarite contents in the coal reflects the deposition under drier conditions with fluctuations in the water table. On the basis of the interpretations of macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements distribution, the depositional environment of the coal is lacustrine, braided to meandering fluvial system, without the influence of any marine influx.The maceral composition of the Irwin River coal consists predominantly of vitrinite and inertinite, and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal has very low semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, suggesting the coal was deposited in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub-bituminous of the Australian classification. The predominance of vitrite and clarite over inertite and durite contents in the coal indicates that the coal was formed in wetter conditions and in high water covers with a low degree of oxidation. Based on macerals and microlithotypes contents, the depositional environment of the coal is braided fluvial to deltaic, which is in accordance with the interpreted non- marine and mixed marine environment of deposition in the sub-basin.The petrological comparisons of Vasse Shelf, Collie and Irwin River coals show that the average vitrinite content of the Irwin River coal is highest (49.1%) and of the Collie coal is lowest (37.3%) of the three. The inertinite content is highest in Collie coal (49.1%), followed by Vasse Shelf (46.4%) and Irwin River (39.2%) coals. The exinite content is low in Irwin River coal (6.3%) as compared with Vasse Shelf (9.0°/,) and Collie (8.3%) coals. The mineral matter content is relatively low for all the three coals. The rank of the Vasse Shelf coal is high as compared with the Collie and Irwin River coals, either due to tectonic uplift after the deposition in post-Permian in the southern Perth Basin, or due to the average depth of burial over Vasse Shelf which is much greater than that of Collie and Irwin River coals.The comparisons of the coal from Western Australia with the selected Gondwana coals show that the predominance of inertinite over vitrinite occurs in the Western Australian coals (Vasse Shelf and Collie Basin). On the other hand, the Brazilian, eastern Australian, Indian and Western Australian (Irwin Sub-basin) coals are dominated by vitrinite over inertinite. The exinite content is highest in the Indian coals and lowest in the eastern Australian coals. The mineral matter content is highest in the Brazilian and Indian coals, and lowest in Western Australian (Vasse Shelf) and eastern Australian (Sydney Basin) coals. The rank of the coals ranges from sub- bituminous to medium volatile bituminous according to the Australian classification.
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Santoso, Binarko. "Petrology of permian coal, Vasse Shelf, Perth Basin, Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Geology, 1994. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14920.

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The Early Permian coal samples for the study were obtained from the Vasse Shelf, southern Perth Basin, located approximately 200 km south- west of Perth. The selected coal samples for the study were also obtained from the Premier Sub-basin of the Collie Basin and the Irwin Sub-basin of the Perth Basin. The Early Permian coal measures are described as the Sue Coal Measures from the Vasse Shelf, the Ewington Coal Measures from the Premier Sub-basin and the coal measures from the Irwin sub-basin are described as the Irwin River Coal Measures.The Vasse Shelf coal is finely banded and the dominant lithotypes are dull and dull banded types, followed by bright banded and banded types, with minor bright types. The variation of dull and bright lithotypes represents fluctuating conditions of water table level during the growth of peat in the swamp. The maceral composition of the coal is predominantly composed of inertinite, followed by vitrinite and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal is characterized by very low to medium semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, supporting the deposition in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub- bituminous to high volatile bituminous of the Australian classification. In terms of microlithotype group, the predominance of inertite over vitrite suggests the coal was formed under drier conditions with high degree of oxidation during its deposition. On the basis of the interpretations of lithotypes, macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements, the depositional environment of the coal is braided and meandering deltaic-river system without any brackish or marine influence.The maceral composition of the Collie coal predominantly consists of inertinite and vitrinite, with low exinite and mineral matter. The very low to low semifusinite ratio and low to medium vitrinite content of ++
the coal indicate that the coal was formed under aerobic dry to wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is categorized as sub-bituminous according to the Australian classification. The domination of inertite and durite over vitrite and clarite contents in the coal reflects the deposition under drier conditions with fluctuations in the water table. On the basis of the interpretations of macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements distribution, the depositional environment of the coal is lacustrine, braided to meandering fluvial system, without the influence of any marine influx.The maceral composition of the Irwin River coal consists predominantly of vitrinite and inertinite, and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal has very low semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, suggesting the coal was deposited in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub-bituminous of the Australian classification. The predominance of vitrite and clarite over inertite and durite contents in the coal indicates that the coal was formed in wetter conditions and in high water covers with a low degree of oxidation. Based on macerals and microlithotypes contents, the depositional environment of the coal is braided fluvial to deltaic, which is in accordance with the interpreted non- marine and mixed marine environment of deposition in the sub-basin.The petrological comparisons of Vasse Shelf, Collie and Irwin River coals show that the average vitrinite content of the Irwin River coal is highest (49.1%) and of the Collie coal is lowest (37.3%) of the three. The inertinite content is highest in Collie coal (49.1%), followed by Vasse Shelf (46.4%) and Irwin River (39.2%) coals. The exinite content is low in Irwin River coal (6.3%) as compared with Vasse Shelf (9.0°/,) and Collie (8.3%) coals. The mineral matter content ++
is relatively low for all the three coals. The rank of the Vasse Shelf coal is high as compared with the Collie and Irwin River coals, either due to tectonic uplift after the deposition in post-Permian in the southern Perth Basin, or due to the average depth of burial over Vasse Shelf which is much greater than that of Collie and Irwin River coals.The comparisons of the coal from Western Australia with the selected Gondwana coals show that the predominance of inertinite over vitrinite occurs in the Western Australian coals (Vasse Shelf and Collie Basin). On the other hand, the Brazilian, eastern Australian, Indian and Western Australian (Irwin Sub-basin) coals are dominated by vitrinite over inertinite. The exinite content is highest in the Indian coals and lowest in the eastern Australian coals. The mineral matter content is highest in the Brazilian and Indian coals, and lowest in Western Australian (Vasse Shelf) and eastern Australian (Sydney Basin) coals. The rank of the coals ranges from sub- bituminous to medium volatile bituminous according to the Australian classification.
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Coffin, Lindsay M. "Sedimentology, Stratigraphy and Petrography of the Permian-Triassic Coal-bearing New Lenton Deposit, Bowen Basin, Australia." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23998.

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The Bowen Basin is one of the most intensely explored sedimentary basins in Australia and hosts one of the world’s largest coking coal deposits. This study focuses on the Lenton deposit in the north-central part of the Bowen Basin and targets the Rangal Coal Measures, which are the youngest (245 Ma), most areally extensive and least structurally deformed coal measures in the study area. Six lithofacies were identified from detailed bed-by-bed logging of two cores and stratigraphically-upward comprise peatmire deposits of the Permian Blackwater Group overlain unconformably by braided fluvial strata of the Triassic Rewan Group. Coal-bearing strata of the Blackwater Group form a large-scale drying up sequence showing a change from permanent to seasonal waterlogged conditions related to the onset of regional uplift. Sedimentation was then terminated and a regional erosion surface formed by uplift related to the Hunter Bowen Orogeny. This, then, was overlain by braided fluvial strata of the Triassic Rewan Group.
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Carullo, Livia. "Geostructural analysis of a highwall in Meandu coal mine (QLD, Australia)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Il lavoro di tesi studia le condizioni geologiche e strutturali della roccia, prima dell'estrazione mineraria, all'interno di uno specifico sito minerario, Meandu Mine, situato nel Queensland, in Australia. Tale analisi è stata condotta nell'ambito di un progetto di ricerca, finanziato dal programma di ricerca associato al carbone australiano (ACARP) e condotto dall'Università di Newcastle e CSIRO (Australia). In particolare, è stata eseguita l'analisi strutturale di tre strisce di parete appartenente al sito minerario (circa 1000 m di lunghezza × 300 m di larghezza × 100 m di profondità) mediante strumenti di modellazione geo-strutturale e tecnologie sviluppate da CSIRO (Australia).
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Suwarna, Nana. "Petrology of Jurassic coal, Hill River area, Perth Basin, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/675.

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The Early Jurassic coal samples for the study were obtained from CRA Exploration Pty Ltd. (CRAE), drilled in the Gairdner and Mintaja Blocks, Gairdner Range of the Hill River Area, northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. The area is located approximately 280 km north of Perth. The coal measures subcrop in a half- graben bounded by the Lesueur-Peron Fault in the west, and the Warradarge Fault in the east. The coal occurs within the shallow sequence of the Cattamarra Member which is also described as the Cattamarra Coal Measures of the Cockleshell Gully Formation. Six sub-seams of seam G, namely G1 to G6, from the six drill cores, were examined for petrological and geochemical investigation. The coal predominantly comprises of banded, dull banded, and dull lithotypes, with minor bright banded, bright and fusainous types. Based on maceral analyses, the dominant maceral groups are vitrinite and inertinite, whilst the exinite and mineral matter are in minor contents. The vitrinite content has a range between 47.2% to 73.0%, and it is composed mainly of telocollinite and desmocollinite. The inertinite is dominated by semifusinite, fusinite, and inertodetrinite, and it has a range from 10.4% to 24.8%. The exinite group varies between 7.2% to 20.8% in content, and it is represented by sporinite, cutinite, alginite and resinite.The mineral matter dominated by clays and pyrite, ranges between 4.5% to 20.6%. The microlithotype analyses shows that the vitrite plus clarite content varies from 47.0% to 70.0%, intermediates between 8.0% to 26.0%, whilst inertite plus durite content is relatively low, varying from 6.55% to 14.0%. The maximum reflectance of vitrinite has a value between 0.47% and 0.53%, which represents rank at sub-bituminous level based on the Australian rank values and corresponding to the sub-bituminous A and B rank of the ASTM classification and to the metalignitous type of the Pareek classification. On the basis of carbon and hydrogen content, the coal is categorised as per-hydrous meta- to ortho-lignitous type. The trace elements As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, and Zr, are spectrographically analysed in the coal ash. The B content in the coal supports the presence of marine influence during peat deposition in the basin. On the basis of lithotype, maceral, microlithotype, trace element distribution, pyrite and total sulphur in the coal, the depositional environment for coal and the coal measures, is interpreted as an upper to lower delta type within a regressive phase of marine transgression.
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Suwarna, Nana. "Petrology of Jurassic coal, Hill River area, Perth Basin, Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Geology, 1993. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15765.

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The Early Jurassic coal samples for the study were obtained from CRA Exploration Pty Ltd. (CRAE), drilled in the Gairdner and Mintaja Blocks, Gairdner Range of the Hill River Area, northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. The area is located approximately 280 km north of Perth. The coal measures subcrop in a half- graben bounded by the Lesueur-Peron Fault in the west, and the Warradarge Fault in the east. The coal occurs within the shallow sequence of the Cattamarra Member which is also described as the Cattamarra Coal Measures of the Cockleshell Gully Formation.Six sub-seams of seam G, namely G1 to G6, from the six drill cores, were examined for petrological and geochemical investigation. The coal predominantly comprises of banded, dull banded, and dull lithotypes, with minor bright banded, bright and fusainous types. Based on maceral analyses, the dominant maceral groups are vitrinite and inertinite, whilst the exinite and mineral matter are in minor contents. The vitrinite content has a range between 47.2 % to 73.0 %, and it is composed mainly of telocollinite and desmocollinite. The inertinite is dominated by semifusinite, fusinite, and inertodetrinite, and it has a range from 10.4 % to 24.8 %. The exinite group varies between 7.2 % to 20.8 % in content, and it is represented by sporinite, cutinite, alginite and resinite. The mineral matter dominated by clays and pyrite, ranges between 4.5 % to 20.6 %. The microlithotype analyses shows that the vitrite plus clarite content varies from 47.0 % to 70.0 %, intermediates between 8.0% to 26.0 %, whilst inertite plus durite content is relatively low, varying from 6.55 % to 14.0 %. The maximum reflectance of vitrinite has a value between 0.47 % and 0.53 %, which represents rank at sub-bituminous level based on the Australian rank values and corresponding to the sub-bituminous A and B rank of the ASTM classification and ++
to the metalignitous type of the Pareek classification. On the basis of carbon and hydrogen content, the coal is categorised as per-hydrous meta- to ortho-lignitous type. The trace elements As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, and Zr, are spectrographically analysed in the coal ash. The B content in the coal supports the presence of marine influence during peat deposition in the basin.On the basis of lithotype, maceral, microlithotype, trace element distribution, pyrite and total sulphur in the coal, the depositional environment for coal and the coal measures, is interpreted as an upper to lower delta type within a regressive phase of marine transgression.
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Telfer, Marnie. "Sulphur transformations during pyrolysis of low-rank coals and characterisation of Ca-based sorbents." Title page, summary and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht2712.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 279-293. Temperature-programmed Pyrolysis experiments employing Bowmans and Lochiel low-rank coal and treated Bowmans coals, were conducted to investigate the sulphur transformations during pyrolysis.
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Meakin, Simone. "Palynological analysis of the Clinton Coal Measures, northern St. Vincent Basin, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbm481.pdf.

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Kremor, Andrew George. "Engineering geological factors affecting slope stability in soft brown coal deposits : a South Australian example /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk898.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Coal Australia"

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Taylor, Neil. Collie, coal, and energy policy in Western Australia. Murdoch, W.A: Murdoch University, 1985.

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Geological Survey of Western Australia., ed. Geology and Permian coal resources of the Collie Basin, Western Australia. Perth: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1993.

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Custodio, Rolando. Australia joint government and industry clean coal technology mission to the US and Canada: Mission report. [Perth]: Government of Western Australia, 2003.

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1953-, Mory A. J., Iasky R. P, and Western Australia. Dept. of Minerals and Energy., eds. Geology and Permian coal resources of the Irwin Terrace, Perth Basin, Western Australia. Perth: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1995.

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Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin" (21st 1987). Twenty First Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin": 10th-12th April, 1987, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia. [Newcastle]: Dept. of Geology, University of Newcastle, N.S.W., 1987.

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Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin" (28th 1994). Twenty Eighth Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin": 15th to 17th April, 1994, Newcastle NSW, Australia. Newcastle, NSW: Dept. of Geology, University of Newcastle, 1994.

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The Battle of Coral: Vietnam fire support bases Coral and Balmoral, May 1968. London: Arrow, 1990.

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Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin" (34th 2000). Proceedings of the Thirty Fourth Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin: July 6, 2000, Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia. Callaghan, N.S.W: University of Newcastle, Discipline of Geology, 2002.

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Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin" (32nd 1998). Proceedings of the Thirty Second Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin": April 3-5, 1998, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia. [Newcastle, N.S.W.]: Dept. of Geology, The University of Newcastle, 1998.

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Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin" (24th 1990). Twenty Fourth Newcastle Symposium on "Advances in the Study of the Sydney Basin": 23rd to 25th March, 1990, Newcastle N.S.W., Australia. [Newcastle, N.S.W.]: Dept. of Geology, University of Newcastle, N.S.W., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal Australia"

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Palmer, Graham. "Quarry Australia: Building Australia on Coal." In SpringerBriefs in Energy, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02940-5_2.

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Glikson-Simpson, Miryam. "General Review of Permian Sediments in Western Australia." In Coal—A Window to Past Climate and Vegetation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44472-3_1.

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Scott, S. G. "The Fairview Coal Seam Gasfield, Comet Ridge, Queensland Australia." In Coalbed Methane: Scientific, Environmental and Economic Evaluation, 23–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1062-6_3.

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Cobb, M., D. L. Lopez, M. Glikson, and S. D. Golding. "Simulating the Conductive and Hydrothermal Maturation of Coal and Coal Seam Gas in the Bowen Basin, Australia." In Coalbed Methane: Scientific, Environmental and Economic Evaluation, 435–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1062-6_26.

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Coenen, Lars, Stephanie Campbell, and John Wiseman. "Regional Innovation Systems and Transformative Dynamics: Transitions in Coal Regions in Australia and Germany." In New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons, 199–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71661-9_10.

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Zhao, Lei, and Greg You. "Cracking Mechanism Along the North Batter of Maddingley Brown Coal Open Pit Mine, Victoria, Australia." In Engineering Geology and Geological Engineering for Sustainable Use of the Earth’s Resources, Urbanization and Infrastructure Protection from Geohazards, 115–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61648-3_8.

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Heiertz, Arie-Johann. "Investigations to Apply Continuous Mining Equipment in a Shovel and Truck Coal Operation in Australia." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 473–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12301-1_41.

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McKnight, David, and Mitchell Hobbs. "Fighting for Coal: Public Relations and the Campaigns Against Lower Carbon Pollution Policies in Australia." In Carbon Capitalism and Communication, 115–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57876-7_10.

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Dingsdag, Donald P. "Risks of Coal Seam and Shale Gas Extraction on Groundwater and Aquifers in Eastern Australia." In Balanced Urban Development: Options and Strategies for Liveable Cities, 235–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28112-4_16.

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Bird, Deanne, and Andrew Taylor. "Disasters and Demographic Change of ‘Single-Industry’ Towns—Decline and Resilience in Morwell, Australia." In The Demography of Disasters, 125–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_7.

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Abstract In 2014, an open-cut coal mine fire burned for 45 days in the small single-industry town of Hazelwood in Victoria (Australia) spreading smoke and ash across the adjacent community of Morwell. This chapter examines the extent to which the mine fire acted as a catalyst for demographic and socio-economic change and considers how, if at all, it impacted Morwell’s resilience to disasters. We report on a range of secondary data analyses augmented with qualitative insights captured in government reports (namely, the Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry reports), as well as from related research papers and media articles. We suggest that a succession of structural and demographic changes meant that the town and its residents were accustomed and resilient to relatively large shocks. In this sense, the Morwell and broader Latrobe Valley population banded together around various community-led initiatives to fight for a better future for their community.
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Conference papers on the topic "Coal Australia"

1

Degereji, Mohammed U. "Numerical Assessment of the Slagging Potential of Nigerian Coal for Possible Co-Firing." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49781.

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Co-firing coal and biomass offers a sustainable renewable energy option. However, slagging and fouling have been identified as some of the major operational challenges associated with co-firing. The chemistry of individual fuels can be used to determine the slagging potential of the blend. Previously, we have developed a numerical slagging index (NSI) based on the ash content in coal and the chemical properties of the coal ash. The NSI has been tested on a wide range of coals, and very good prediction results were obtained. In this paper, the slagging potential of Nigerian coal and other coals from Australia, Colombia and South Africa have been numerically evaluated. The predicted results using the NSI indicate that the Nigerian coal has relatively low slagging propensity when compared with other coals tested in this paper. One of the Australian coals seems to have lower slagging potential, and this may be attributed to the extraordinary low ash content for the coal, as reported. It has been observed that the silica-rich coal ash composition can be used to select suitable coals that could be co-fired with the alkali-rich biomass, with low operational risk. However, detail information on the chemical properties of blend and the particle-particle interaction can improve the performance of the assessment tool.
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Urosevic, Milovan, Brian J. Evans, and Peter J. Hatherly. "New developments for coal exploration in Australia." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1932187.

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Pevzner, R., B. Gurevich, K. Tertyshnikov, A. Bóna, and S. Vlasov. "Scattering Attenuation from the Coal Seams (Cooper Basin, Australia)." In 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600866.

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Rees*, Nigel, Graham Heinson, Lars Krieger, and Dennis Conway. "Monitoring Coal Seam Gas Depressurisation Using Magnetotellurics." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2211469.

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Thovhogi*, Tshifhiwa, Sean Johnson, and Xavier Schalkwyk. "Assessment of the Coal Bed Methane Resource Potential Within Coal-bearing Strata of the Karoo Supergroup, South Africa." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2211000.

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Holz, Bill, and Oliver Batchelor. "Stabilization of Abandoned Coal Mines for a Motorway Upgrade, Queensland, Australia." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412350.0166.

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Toralde, Julmar Shaun Sadicon, and Chad Henry Wuest. "Underbalanced, Horizontal Coal Seam Gas Development in Australia: A Case History." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178572-ms.

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Toralde, Julmar Shaun S., and Chad H. Wuest. "Underbalanced, Horizontal Coal Seam Gas Development in Australia – A Case History." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2015-2154079.

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Flottmann, Thomas, Vibhas Pandey, Sameer Ganpule, Elliot Kirk-Burnnand, Massoud Zadmehr, Nick Simms, Jeslie George Jenkinson, Tristan Renwick-Cooke, Marco Tarenzi, and Ashok Mishra. "Fracture Stimulation Challenges in Tight Walloons Coal Measures: Surat Basin Queensland, Australia." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191958-ms.

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Landers, Matt, James Faithful, and Antonia Scrase. "Pit lake water quality closure tool for Hazelwood brown coal mine, Victoria, Australia." In Mine Closure 2022: 15th Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2215_28.

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Reports on the topic "Coal Australia"

1

Edwards, Gareth, Clare Hammer, Susan Park, Robert MacNeil, Milena Bojovic, Jan Kucic-Riker, Dan Musil, and Gemma Viney. Towards a just transition away from coal in Australia? The British Academy, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/just-transitions-a-p/g-e.

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Hughes, A. Australian resource review: brown coal 2017. Geoscience Australia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781925297997.

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Long, D. G. F., and P. S. W. Graham. Sedimentology and coal resources of the Early Oligocene Australian Creek Formation, near Quesnel, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/183995.

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London - Australia House The Strand - Australian bronze cast coat of arms. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000272.

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Head Office facade - Australian Coat of Arms (plate 656). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000943.

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Head Office - Construction of new premises - Australian Coat-of-Arms. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000695.

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Commonwealth Bank of Australia - Head Office 120 Pitt Street - Construction - Coat-of-Arms - c.1915. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000696.

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