Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coal agglomeration

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Coal agglomeration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

1

SHEN, M., and T. D. WHEELOCK. "Coal Agglomeration with Microbubbles." Coal Preparation 21, no. 3 (September 2000): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349340008945622.

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Özer, Mustafa, Omar M. Basha, and Badie Morsi. "Coal-Agglomeration Processes: A Review." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 37, no. 3 (February 2016): 131–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2016.1142443.

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Slaghuis, Johan H., and Leon C. Ferreira. "Selective spherical agglomeration of coal." Fuel 66, no. 10 (October 1987): 1427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90191-8.

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Guo, Yiquan, and Junying Zhang. "CFD Simulation Research on Agglomeration between Coal-fired Ash Fine Particulate and Atomized Droplets." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501006.

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In this paper, a collision model between atomized droplets of agglomeration solution and particles is established. On this basis, the effects of flue gas temperature, atomized droplet diameter and other factors on the particle agglomeration process are studied. In addition, the evaporation model of agglomeration solution in the flue of a power plant is established for the coal-fired unit of power plant. Through CFD software, the variation of flow field velocity, temperature and pressure in the flue is simulated to determine whether the chemical agglomeration technology has negative impact on the actual operating conditions of the power plant. The simulation results show that the velocity and pressure of the flow field in the flue have no obvious change after the agglomerating agent is injected. Besides, the temperature drop of about 7°C. The droplets evaporate completely at a distance of 7-8 m after spraying. The evaporation time of droplets is within 1.6 s.
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TAKAMORI, Takakatsu. "Underwater granulation of coal. Oil agglomeration." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 22, no. 8 (1985): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.22.542.

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Kalisz, Dorota, Kamil Kuglin, and Anna Młynarczykowska. "Particle size grouping method as a control system of efficiency flotation process on the example of coal." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, no. 00 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb200317033k.

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Agglomeration of coal particles during flotation can be analysed with the Particle Size Grouping (PSG) method. Numerous experiments were carried out to theoretically explain the effect of carbon particles agglomeration, but the result still remains incomplete. In this paper the PSG method was used to analyse agglomeration groups of carbon particles of initial size 100-400 ?m, maintaining the total particle volume. The size of particles population with definite radius and density was determined for 1 Mg coal. The influence of density and size of particles with given mixing energies and parameter ? on agglomeration was analysed. It was stated that the size of the particles had an effect on their agglomeration. In the analysed cases the dimensionless parameter of collision turbulence t* needed for particles agglomeration in particular size groups was importantly shorter for particles of initial size 300 and 400 ?m. The change of the mixing energy did not have influence on the agglomeration of coal particles. The theoretical analyses based on computer calculations were supplemented by the analyses of the coal flotation process on an aqueous model. Experiments lied in introducing a foaming agent in the form of aqueous solution of hexanol which, without changing pH of the pulp, lowered surface tension value, and consequently increased the dispersion of air in the suspension. The experimental results were presented in the form of flotation kinetics curves. Fine particles 100-200?m. turned out to be best for flotation, unlike coarse 400-500 ?m.
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Venkatadri, R., R. Markuszewski, and T. D. Wheelock. "Oil agglomeration of weakly hydrophobic coals and coal/pyrite mixtures." Energy & Fuels 2, no. 2 (March 1988): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00008a008.

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Guo, Li, Ming Zhai, Zhentong Wang, Yu Zhang, and Peng Dong. "Comprehensive coal quality index for evaluation of coal agglomeration characteristics." Fuel 231 (November 2018): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.119.

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SADOWSKI, Z., R. VENKATADRI, J. M. DRUDING, R. MARKUSZEWSKI, and T. D. WHEELOCK. "Behavior of Oxidized Coal During Oil Agglomeration." Coal Preparation 6, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349348808960512.

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Shampine, Rod W., Ruben D. Cohen, Yildiz Bayazitoglu, and Clay F. Anderson. "Effect of agglomeration on pulverized-coal combustion." Combustion and Flame 101, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)00192-u.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

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Sexton, Dane. "Coal agglomeration in blast furnace injection coals." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2019. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119742/.

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In order to reduce expensive coke usage, blast furnace operators inject coal to replace a portion of the coke. However, the use of some injection coals can result in blast furnace instability and lowered permeability. This thesis is concerned with the injection of coal under entrained flow, high heating rate (104-106 °C/s) blast furnace conditions, namely the possibility of coal particle agglomeration via the use of caking coals. Methods of mitigating agglomeration via blending and pre-oxidation are tested, whilst the resultant performance implications of agglomerated coal chars are considered and analysed. A drop tube furnace (DTF) was used to experimentally test coal injection under conditions that are applicable to the blast furnace 'hot blast' region. Relatable DTF parameters include an operating temperature of 1100°C, and heating rate of 104 °C/s. Four industrial injection coals with varying volatile matter and caking properties were tested at both granulated and pulverised particle size specifications. It was found that coals defined as 'caking coals' showed consistent agglomeration during DTF injection, a potentially problematic effect regarding blast furnace injection. Agglomeration percentages (as defined by sieve classification) for the industrially problematic MV4 coal were 11% and 23% for the granulated and pulverised samples respectively. Blending of whole coals was effective in reducing the amount of agglomerated material in the char, as was sample pre-oxidation prior to injection. Regarding performance, agglomerated chars had greater combustion performance and gasification reactivity than the non-agglomerated samples. With agglomeration shown to be present under high heating rate conditions at temperatures akin to the blast furnace hot blast, it is concluded that agglomeration is a possibility during blast furnace injection. However, due to differing feed systems between the DTF and blast furnace, the precise form and extent of agglomeration in the blast furnace remains uncertain. Based on char combustion and gasification analysis, chars characterised by fine agglomerated material are not likely to be problematic for blast furnace operators relative to 'standard' injection coals.
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Fong, William Shan-chen. "Plasticity and agglomeration in coal pyrolysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74963.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 202-205.
by William Shan-chen Fong.
Ph.D.
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Smith, Sarah Ann. "Methods of Improving Oil Agglomeration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76989.

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A simple thermodynamic analysis suggests that oil can spontaneously displace water from coal's surface if the coal particle has a water contact angle greater than 90°. However, the clean coal products obtained from laboratory-scale dewatering-by-displacement (DbD) test work assayed moistures substantially higher than expected. These high moisture contents were attributed to the formation of water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by coal particles. Four different approaches were taken to overcome this problem and obtain low-moisture agglomeration products. These included separating the water droplets by screening, breaking emulsions with ultrasonic energy, breaking agglomerates with ultrasonic energy, and breaking agglomerates using vibrating mesh plates. On the basis of the laboratory test work, a semi-continuous test circuit was built and tested using an ultrasonic vibrator to break the water-in-oil emulsions. The most promising results were obtained agglomerates were broken using the ultrasonic probe and the vibrating mesh plates. Tests conducted on flotation feed from the Kingston coal preparation plant gave a clean coal product containing 1% by weigh of moisture with a 94% combustible recovery. The separation efficiency of 93% is substantially higher than results achievable using froth flotation. When agglomerates formed from thermal coal from the Bailey coal preparation plant were broken using either ultrasonic energy or vibrating mesh plates, the obtained results were very similar: clean coal products assayed less than 5% moisture with separation efficiencies of 86% in average.
Master of Science
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Yu, Zhimin. "Flocculation, hydrophobic agglomeration and filtration of ultrafine coal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ39010.pdf.

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Zhang, Fujie. "The application of hydrophobic polymers to the agglomeration of fine coal." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292231.

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Xu, Jiangang Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Coal related bed material agglomeration in pressurized fluidized bed combustion." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25131.

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The thermodynamic behaviours in a PFBC combustor were simulated for the ash from all of the six coals with sand and limestone as bed material. Ash components determined the ash thermodynamic behaviour at high temperature, and each component had different effects. For assessment of the potential for bed material agglomeration, the temperature at which 15% of the ash would become liquid (T15) was calculated with the coal ash, the cyclone ash and the cyclone ash mixed with varying amounts of limestone. Both the bed ash and fly ash, collected from an industrial PFBC plant, consisted of limestone/lime particles with different extent of sulphation, and coal ash particles. The calcium aluminosilicate material formed on the coal ash particles but not on the limestone particles. The aluminosilicate materials appeared to be formed from fine ash and lime particles at some local hot zones in the boiler. The melted materials may glue ash and bed material particle into large particles leading to bed agglomeration and defluidization. Four mechanisms were proposed for the formation of bed material agglomeration in PFBC, which may occur under different conditions. One mechanism explains the bed material agglomeration with the high localized high temperature zone due to the improper design or operation, while the bed agglomeration through the other three mechanisms results from the unsuitable coals burnt in the PFBC combustor. The maximum char temperature and the minimum T15 were used simultaneously to predict the tendency towards bed material agglomeration in PFBC burning different coals. Both char properties and ash properties should be considered during coal selection process for PFBC, to ameliorate the potential problem of bed agglomeration.
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Rizeq, Rizeq George. "Alkali-induced agglomeration of aluminosilicate particles during coal combustion and gasification." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185278.

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This study focuses on the effect of alkali adsorption on the agglomeration of particles of bauxite, kaolinite, emathlite, lime, and two types of coal ash. An agglomeration (adhesion) temperature is defined which characterizes the adhesion propensity of particles. Using a small fluidized bed, a unique experimental technique is developed to measure this agglomeration point in-situ. The effects of alkali adsorption on the agglomeration characteristics of the substrates are determined. The agglomeration temperature of all substrates decreases as the alkali content increases. At low alkali loadings, alkali adsorption enhances particle agglomeration by forming new compounds of lower melting points. At high alkali concentrations, adhesion and agglomeration are caused by a layer of molten alkali which covers the exterior of the particles. Alkali surface composition of particles is studied using a Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM). Results indicate that the alkali surface concentration decreases as agglomeration temperature increases. SAM depth profiling data provides information on the variations of alkali loading across particles. These results show that an alkali surface product layer is formed where most of the alkali adsorbed is concentrated. The use of additives to scavenge alkali vapors is further studied in a pilot scale downflow combustor under more typical combustion conditions. SAM surface analyses of additive particles indicate three mechanisms of alkali capture. Alkali adsorption by reaction, alkali surface condensation, and alkali nucleation and coagulation with additive particles. These mechanisms may occur independently or simultaneously depending primarily on the alkali vapor concentration and the temperature profile along the combustion furnace. A mathematical model is developed to represent the kinetics and mechanisms of the alkali adsorption and agglomeration process. Modeling results indicate that the adsorption-reaction process is influenced by diffusion of alkali through the surface product layer. The model predictions of the alkali adsorbed as a function of minimum agglomeration temperature agree very well with the experimental results. Alkali-additive interactions in a downflow combustor are also modeled to predict the mechanisms of alkali capture and the overall alkali removal efficiency. Model predictions of the alkali capture agree well with the experimental results.
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Moses, Lucian Benedict. "Flotation as a separation technique in the coal gold agglomeration process." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2155.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, 2000.
Internationally, there is an increase in the need for safer environmental processes that can be applied to mining operations, especially on a small scale, where mercury amalgamation is the main process used for the recovery of free gold. An alternative, more environmentally acceptable, process called the Coal Gold Agglomeration (CGA) process has been investigated at the Cape Technikon. This paper explains the application of flotation as a means of separation for the CGA process. The CGA process is based on the recovery of hydrophobic gold particles from ore slurries into agglomerates formed from coal and oil. The agglomerates are separated from the slurry through scraping, screening, flotation or a combination of the aforementioned. They are then ashed to release the gold particles, after which it is smelted to form gold bullion. All components were contacted for fifty minutes after which a frother was added and after three minutes of conditioning, air, at a rate of one I/min per cell volume was introduced into the system. The addition of a collector (Potassium Amyl Xanthate) at the start of each run significantly improved gold recoveries. Preliminary experiments indicated that the use of baffles decreased the gold recoveries, which was concluded to be due to agglomerate breakage. The system was also found to be frother-selective and hence only DOW-200 was used in subsequent experiments. A significant increase or decrease in the air addition rate both had a negative effect on the recoveries; therefore, the air addition rate was not altered during further tests. The use of tap water as opposed to distilled water decreased the attainable recoveries by less than five per cent. This was a very encouraging result, in terms of the practical implementation of the CGA process.
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Levin, Ehud 1957. "IN-SITU PARTICLE IMPACTOR FOR A LABORATORY COAL COMBUSTOR." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276826.

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Smith, Kara E. "Cleaning and Dewatering Fine Coal using Hydrophobic Displacement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33416.

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A new processing technique, known as hydrophobic displacement, was explored as a means of simultaneously removing both mineral matter and surface moisture from coal in a single process. Previous thermodynamic analysis suggests that coal moisture will be spontaneously displaced by any oil with a contact angle greater than ninety degrees in water. Based on these results, six methods of hydrophobic displacement were evaluated: hand shaking, screening, air classification, centrifugation, filtration, and displacement. In the first five methods hydrophobic displacement took place during the cleaning stage. A recyclable non-polar liquid (i.e. pentane) was used to agglomerate coal fines followed by a physical separation step to remove the coal agglomerates from the mineral-laden slurry. Bench-scale tests were performed to identify the conditions required to create stable agglomerates. Only the last method, displacement, did not utilized agglomeration and performed hydrophobic displacement during dewatering, not cleaning. A procedure was also developed for determining moisture content from evaporation curves so that the contents of water and pentane remaining in a sample could be accurately distinguished.

Two primary coal samples were evaluated in the test program, i.e., dry pulverized 80 mesh x 0 clean coal and 100 mesh x 0 flotation feed. These samples were further screened or aged (oxidized) to provide additional test samples. The lowest moisture, 7.5%, was achieved with centrifugation of the pulverized 80 mesh x 0 clean coal sample. Centrifugation provided the most reliable separation method since it consistently produced low moisture, high combustible recoveries, and high ash rejections. Hand shaking produced the next lowest moisture at 16.2%; however, the low moistures were associated with a drop in combustible recovery. There was also a great deal of error in this process due to its arbitrary nature. Factors such as oxidation, size distribution, and contact angle hysteresis influenced the concentrate moistures, regardless of the method utilized.
Master of Science

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Books on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

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Larkin, L. Economic evaluation of oil agglomeration for recovery of fine coal refuse. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Alberta. Scientific and Engineering Services and Research Division. Development of an agglomeration process to beneficiate and transport Alberta coals. Edmonton: Alberta Energy, Scientific and Engineering Services and Research Division, 1988.

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Allen, Raymond William. An investigation into the selective agglomeration of fine coal from liquid suspension. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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Mining and Agglomeration of Hard Coal. Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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J, Mezey Eugene, and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Application of oil agglomeration for effluent control from coal cleaning plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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J, Mezey Eugene, and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., eds. Application of oil agglomeration for effluent control from coal cleaning plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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McCracken, Thomas William. Simultaneous grinding and oil agglomeration of coal in the Szego mill. 1985.

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J, Mezey E., ed. Application of oil agglomeration for effluent control from coal cleaning plants. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Hagni, Richard D. Process Mineralogy VI: Applications to Precious Metals Deposits, Industrial Minerals, Coal, Liberation, Mineral Processing, Agglomeration, Metallurg (Metallurgical ... Society of a I M E//Conference Proceedings). Tms, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

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Chakladar, Saswati, Ashok Kumar Mohanty, and Sanchita Chakravarty. "Oil Agglomeration Towards Quality Enhancement of High-Ash Coals: The Indian Scenario." In Clean Coal Technologies, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68502-7_4.

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Fehse, Franz, Hans-Werner Schröder, Jens-Uwe Repke, Mathias Scheller, Matthias Spöttle, and Ronald Kim. "A new approach for processing and agglomeration of low-rank coals for material usage." In XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress, 941–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40943-6_147.

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Kai, Zhang, Zhang Junying, Li Hailong, Zhao Yongchun, Zhang Liqi, and Zheng Chuguang. "Agglomeration Modelling of Sub-Micron Particle during Coal Combustion Based on the Flocculation Theory." In Electrostatic Precipitation, 234–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_45.

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Jia, Jining, Yongzai Lu, Jian Chu, and Hongye Su. "The Application of Fuzzy Pattern Fusion Based on Competitive Agglomeration in Coal-Fired Boiler Operation Optimization." In Advances in Swarm and Computational Intelligence, 76–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20469-7_10.

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Fei, Xu, Luo Zhongyang, Wei Bo, Wang Lina, Gao Xiang, Fang Mengxiang, and Cen Kefa. "Electrostatic Capture of PM2.5 Emitted from Coal-fired Power Plant by Pulsed Corona Discharge Combined with DC Agglomeration." In Electrostatic Precipitation, 242–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_47.

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Kawatra, S. Komar. "Selective Agglomeration." In Advanced Coal Preparation and Beyond, 253–72. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429288326-10.

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"SELECTIVE OIL AGGLOMERATION IN FINE COAL BENEFICIATION." In Physical Cleaning of Coal, 317–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351075589-14.

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Ünal, İ., and Z. Aktaş. "Oil agglomeration of Zonguldak bituminous coal." In Mineral Processing on the Verge of the 21st Century, 155–59. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203747117-27.

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Drzymala, J., R. Markuszewski, and T. D. Wheelock. "PYRITE SUPPRESSION IN OIL AGGLOMERATION OF COAL." In 1991 International Conference on Coal Science Proceedings, 1005–8. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0387-4.50254-0.

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Vega, J. M. G., M. R. Martinez-Tarazona, and A. B. Garcia. "Selective agglomeration of high rank coals with vegetable oils." In Coal Science, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Coal Science, 1569–72. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9449(06)80108-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

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Ünal, İ., and Z. Aktaş. "Oil agglomeration of Zonguldak bituminous coal." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-31.

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Wang, Q., H. Niida, P. Apar, Q. Chen, L. Gui, Q. Qian, N. Mitsumura, H. Kurokawa, K. Sekiguchi, and K. Sugiyama. "Influential factors on the oil agglomeration process for coal recovery from different grade coals." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm120181.

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Chen, Houtao, Wulin Liu, Jingbo Li, Xin Xun, and Xianglin Shen. "Experimental Study on Acoustic Agglomeration of Fine Particles from Coal Combustion." In 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2010.360.

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Kennedy, Lawrence A., and L. Ðš Hwang. "A STUDY OF THE COMBUSTION AND AGGLOMERATION OF COAL SLURRY FUEL." In International Heat Transfer Conference 8. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc8.4350.

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Wang, Q., N. Kashiwagi, P. Apaer, Q. Chen, Y. Wang, and T. Maezono. "Study on coal recovery technology from waste fine Chinese coals by a vegetable oil agglomeration process." In The Sustainable World. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sw100311.

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Li, Yongwang, Changsui Zhao, Xin Wu, Duanfeng Lu, and Song Han. "Experimental investigation on agglomeration of coal-fired PM10 in uniform magnetic field." In MULTIPHASE FLOW: THE ULTIMATE MEASUREMENT CHALLENGE: Proc.of The 5th Int. Symp. on Measurement Techniques for Multiphase Flows (5th ISMTMF); 2nd Int. Wrkshp.on Process Tomography (IWPT-2) (As a part of ISMTMF); 5th ISMTMF/IWPT-2, 2006-Macau/Zhuhai). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2747486.

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Akram, Muhammad, and C. K. Tan. "The Role of Alkali in Agglomeration During Combustion in Fluidised Beds." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42463.

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Biofuels originating from process industries as by-products can be utilised to produce onsite power which can reduce their dependence on the National Grid. Beet Sugar industry by-products vinasse, raffinate and pressured sugar beet pulp are co-fired with Thoresby coal in a 25kW fluidised bed combustor. Agglomeration indices were used and muffle furnace tests were carried out before firing the materials in order to pre-assess the suitability of the materials for the firing tests as well as for finding out validity of indices and muffle furnace tests in relation to actual firing tests. The effect of the presence of alkali and its concentration in the fuel on the onset of agglomeration is investigated. Presence of Calcium in coal ash extends de-fluidization time which indicates that lime can be used as a bed material to increase operational times while firing these troublesome fuels. However, no signs of agglomeration were observed during prolonged tests with blends of coal and pressed pulp. Therefore, pulp can be used as fuel in fluidised bed without the use of alkali getters as long as operational parameters are properly controlled. But, vinasse and raffinate can’t be used without adapting measures such as addition of alkali getters to reduce agglomeration. It is found that accumulation of alkali as well as its feed rate in to fluidised bed are very important parameters in determining agglomeration behaviour of the bed.
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Zhang, Yi, Kunqi Li, Haoran Chen, Yuanfeng Pan, Huining Xiao, and Hua Guo. "Agglomeration of ultra-fine particles from flue gas in coal-fired power plant using polymeric flocculants." In 2016 International Conference on Civil, Structure and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/i3csee-16.2016.29.

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Wang, Jie, and Jianzhong Liu. "Analysis of Acoustic and Spray Combine Agglomeration to Removal of Coal-fired Fly Ash Fine Particles." In 2015 International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ipemec-15.2015.212.

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Ward, John, Muhammad Akram, and Roy Garwood. "Fluidised Bed Combustion of Blends of Coal and Pressed Sugar Beet Pulp." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44093.

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Abstract:
It can be difficult to burn relatively cheap, poor quality, unprepared biomass materials in industrial heating processes because of their variable composition, relatively low calorific values and high moisture contents. Consequently the stability and efficiency of the combustion process can be adversely affected unless they are co-fired with a hydrocarbon support fuel. There is a lack of information on the “optimum” conditions for co-firing of coal and high moisture biomass as well as on the proportions of support fuel which should be used. This paper is therefore concerned with the pilot scale (<25 kW thermal input) fluidised bed combustion of blends of coal with pressed sugar beet pulp, a solid biomass with an average moisture content of 71%. The experimental work was undertaken in collaboration with British Sugar plc who operate a coal-fired 40 MW thermal capacity fluidised bed producing hot combustion gases for subsequent drying applications. The project studied the combustion characteristics of different coal and pressed pulp blends over a wide range of operating conditions. It was found that stable combustion could only be maintained if the proportion of pulp by mass in the blended fuel was no greater than 50%. However evaporation of the moisture in the pressed pulp cools the bed so that the excess air which is necessary to maintain a specified bed temperature at a fixed thermal input can be reduced as the proportion of biomass in the blended fuel is increased. Therefore, with a 50/50 blend the bed can be operated with 20% less fluidising air and this will be beneficial for the output of the full scale plant since at present the flow rate of the air and hence the amount of coal which can be burnt is restricted by supply system pressure drop limitations. A further benefit of co-firing pressed pulp is that NOx emissions are reduced by about 25%. Agglomeration of the bed can be a problem when co-firing biomass because of the formation of “sticky” low melting point alkali metal silicate eutectics which result in subsequent adhesion of the ash and sand particles. Consequently longer term co-firing tests with a 50/50 blended fuel by mass were undertaken. Problems of bed agglomeration were not observed under these conditions with relatively low levels of alkali metals in the ash.
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Reports on the topic "Coal agglomeration"

1

T.D. Wheelock. COAL CLEANING BY GAS AGGLOMERATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781793.

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Meiyu Shen, Royce Abbott, and T. D. Wheelock. Coal Cleaning by Gas Agglomeration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2118.

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MEIYU SHEN, ROYCE ABBOTT, and T.D. WHEELOCK. COAL CLEANING BY GAS AGGLOMERATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7478.

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4

Qiu, X., and T. D. Wheelock. Coal oxidation and its effect on oil agglomeration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163487.

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Akan-Etuk, A., R. Diaz, and S. Niksa. Pyrite thermochemistry, ash agglomeration, and char fragmentation during pulverized coal combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5683888.

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Akhtar, S. Pyrite thermochemistry, ash agglomeration, and char fragmentation during pulverized coal combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5339245.

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Quimby, J. M. Integrated low emission cleanup system for direct coal-fueled turbines (electrostatic agglomeration). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7133635.

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Quimby, J. M. Integrated low emission cleanup system for direct coal-fueled turbines (electrostatic agglomeration). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205361.

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Quimby, J., and K. Kumar. Integrated low emission cleanup system for direct coal-fueled turbines (electrostatic agglomeration). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6757847.

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Ignasiak, B., T. Ignasiak, and K. Szymocha. Development of clean coal and clean soil technologies using advanced agglomeration techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6042124.

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