Relevant bibliographies by topics / CoA ligases

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Academic literature on the topic 'CoA ligases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 21 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "CoA ligases"

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Villemur, Richard. "Coenzyme A ligases involved in anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-118.

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Bacterial strains and consortia of bacteria have been isolated for their ability to degrade, under anaerobic conditions, homocyclic monoaromatic compounds, such as phenolic compounds, methylbenzenes, and aminobenzenes. As opposed to aerobic conditions where these compounds are degraded via dihydroxyl intermediates introduced by oxygenases, most of aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions are metabolized via aromatic acid intermediates, such as nitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates, or phenylacetate. These aromatic acids are then transformed to benzoate before the reduction and the cleavage of the benzene ring to aliphatic acid products. One step of these catabolic pathways is the addition of a coenzyme A (CoA) residue to the carboxylic group of the aromatic acids by CoA ligases. This addition would facilitate the enzymatic transformation of the aromatic acids to benzoyl-CoA and the subsequent degradation steps of this latter molecule. Aromatic acid – CoA ligases have been characterized or detected from several bacterial strains that were grown under anaerobic conditions and from an anaerobic syntrophic consortium. They are also involved in the degradation of some aromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. They have molecular masses varying between 48 and 61 kDa, require ATP, Mg2+, and CoASH as cofactors, and have an optimum pH of 8.2–9.3. Amino acid sequence analyses of four aromatic acid–CoA ligases have revealed that they are related to an AMP-binding protein family. Aromatic acid – CoA ligases expressed in anaerobically grown bacterial cells are strictly regulated by the anaerobic conditions and the presence of aromatic acids.Key words: aromatic compounds, coenzyme A ligase, anaerobic microorganisms.
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Nolte, Johannes Christoph, Marc Schürmann, Catherine-Louise Schepers, Elvira Vogel, Jan Hendrik Wübbeler, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Novel Characteristics of Succinate Coenzyme A (Succinate-CoA) Ligases: Conversion of Malate to Malyl-CoA and CoA-Thioester Formation of Succinate AnaloguesIn Vitro." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03075-13.

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ABSTRACTThree succinate coenzyme A (succinate-CoA) ligases (SucCD) fromEscherichia coli,Advenella mimigardefordensisDPN7T, andAlcanivorax borkumensisSK2 were characterized regarding their substrate specificity concerning succinate analogues. Previous studies had suggested that SucCD enzymes might be promiscuous toward succinate analogues, such as itaconate and 3-sulfinopropionate (3SP). The latter is an intermediate of the degradation pathway of 3,3′-dithiodipropionate (DTDP), a precursor for the biotechnical production of polythioesters (PTEs) in bacteria. ThesucCDgenes were expressed inE. coliBL21(DE3)/pLysS. The SucCD enzymes ofE. coliandA. mimigardefordensisDPN7Twere purified in the native state using stepwise purification protocols, while SucCD fromA. borkumensisSK2 was equipped with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag at the SucD subunit. Besides the preference for the physiological substrates succinate, itaconate, ATP, and CoA, high enzyme activity was additionally determined for both enantiomeric forms of malate, amounting to 10 to 21% of the activity with succinate.Kmvalues ranged from 2.5 to 3.6 mM forl-malate and from 3.6 to 4.2 mM ford-malate for the SucCD enzymes investigated in this study. Asl-malate-CoA ligase is present in the serine cycle for assimilation of C1compounds in methylotrophs, structural comparison of these two enzymes as members of the same subsubclass suggested a strong resemblance of SucCD tol-malate-CoA ligase and gave rise to the speculation that malate-CoA ligases and succinate-CoA ligases have the same evolutionary origin. Although enzyme activities were very low for the additional substrates investigated, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses proved the ability of SucCD enzymes to form CoA-thioesters of adipate, glutarate, and fumarate. Since all SucCD enzymes were able to activate 3SP to 3SP-CoA, we consequently demonstrated that the activation of 3SP is not a unique characteristic of the SucCD fromA. mimigardefordensisDPN7T. The essential role ofsucCDin the activation of 3SPin vivowas proved by genetic complementation.
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Lazo, O., M. Contreras, and I. Singh. "Topographical localization of peroxisomal acyl-CoA ligases: differential localization of palmitoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA ligases." Biochemistry 29, no. 16 (April 24, 1990): 3981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00468a027.

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Singh, Inderjit, Oscar Lazo, and Miguel Contreras. "72 Topographical localization of Peroxisomal Acyl-CoA Ligases: Differential localization of Palmitoyl-CoA and Lignoceroyl-CoA Ligases." Pediatric Research 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199009000-00096.

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El-Said Mohamed, Magdy. "Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Phenylacetate-Coenzyme A Ligase, an Enzyme Catalyzing the First Step in Aerobic Metabolism of Phenylacetic Acid inAzoarcus evansii." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.2.286-294.2000.

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ABSTRACT Phenylacetate-coenzyme A ligase (PA-CoA ligase; AMP forming, EC6.2.1.30 ), the enzyme catalyzing the first step in the aerobic degradation of phenylacetate (PA) in Azoarcus evansii, has been purified and characterized. The gene (paaK) coding for this enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction of PA with CoA and MgATP to yield phenylacetyl-CoA (PACoA) plus AMP plus PPi. The enzyme was specifically induced after aerobic growth in a chemically defined medium containing PA or phenylalanine (Phe) as the sole carbon source. Growth with 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, benzoate, adipate, or acetate did not induce the synthesis of this enzyme. This enzymatic activity was detected very early in the exponential phase of growth, and a maximal specific activity of 76 nmol min−1mg of cell protein−1 was measured. After 117-fold purification to homogeneity, a specific activity of 48 μmol min−1 mg of protein−1 was achieved with a turnover number (catalytic constant) of 40 s−1. The protein is a monomer of 52 kDa and shows high specificity towards PA; other aromatic or aliphatic acids were not used as substrates. The apparent Km values for PA, ATP, and CoA were 14, 60, and 45 μM, respectively. The PA-CoA ligase has an optimum pH of 8 to 8.5 and a pI of 6.3. The enzyme is labile and requires the presence of glycerol for stabilization. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein showed no homology with other reported PA-CoA ligases. The gene encoding this enzyme is 1,320 bp long and codes for a protein of 48.75 kDa (440 amino acids) which shows high similarity with other reported PA-CoA ligases. An amino acid consensus for an AMP binding motif (VX2SSGTTGXP) was identified. The biochemical and molecular characteristics of this enzyme are quite different from those of the isoenzyme catalyzing the same reaction under anaerobic conditions in the same bacterium.
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Lamas-Maceiras, Mónica, Inmaculada Vaca, Esther Rodríguez, Javier Casqueiro, and Juan F. Martín. "Amplification and disruption of the phenylacetyl-CoA ligase gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding an aryl-capping enzyme that supplies phenylacetic acid to the isopenicillin N-acyltransferase." Biochemical Journal 395, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051599.

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A gene, phl, encoding a phenylacetyl-CoA ligase was cloned from a phage library of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78. The presence of five introns in the phl gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. The phl gene encoded an aryl-CoA ligase closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase. The Phl protein contained most of the amino acids defining the aryl-CoA (4-coumaroyl-CoA) ligase substrate-specificity code and differed from acetyl-CoA ligase and other acyl-CoA ligases. The phl gene was not linked to the penicillin gene cluster. Amplification of phl in an autonomous replicating plasmid led to an 8-fold increase in phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity and a 35% increase in penicillin production. Transformants containing the amplified phl gene were resistant to high concentrations of phenylacetic acid (more than 2.5 g/l). Disruption of the phl gene resulted in a 40% decrease in penicillin production and a similar reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity. The disrupted mutants were highly susceptible to phenylacetic acid. Complementation of the disrupted mutants with the phl gene restored normal levels of penicillin production and resistance to phenylacetic acid. The phenylacetyl-CoA ligase encoded by the phl gene is therefore involved in penicillin production, although a second aryl-CoA ligase appears to contribute partially to phenylacetic acid activation. The Phl protein lacks a peptide-carrier-protein domain and behaves as an aryl-capping enzyme that activates phenylacetic acid and transfers it to the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The Phl protein contains the peroxisome-targeting sequence that is also present in the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The peroxisomal co-localization of these two proteins indicates that the last two enzymes of the penicillin pathway form a peroxisomal functional complex.
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Chen, Janice S., Brendan Colón, Brendon Dusel, Marika Ziesack, Jeffrey C. Way, and Joseph P. Torella. "Production of fatty acids inRalstonia eutrophaH16 by engineeringβ-oxidation and carbon storage." PeerJ 3 (December 7, 2015): e1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1468.

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Ralstonia eutrophaH16 is a facultatively autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium capable of producing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based bioplastics. As PHB’s physical properties may be improved by incorporation of medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFAs), and MCFAs are valuable on their own as fuel and chemical intermediates, we engineeredR. eutrophafor MCFA production. Expression ofUcFatB2, a medium-chain-length-specific acyl-ACP thioesterase, resulted in production of 14 mg/L laurate in wild-typeR. eutropha. Total fatty acid production (22 mg/L) could be increased up to 2.5-fold by knocking out PHB synthesis, a major sink for acetyl-CoA, or by knocking out the acyl-CoA ligasefadD3, an entry point for fatty acids intoβ-oxidation. As ΔfadD3mutants still consumed laurate, and because theR. eutrophagenome is predicted to encode over 50 acyl-CoA ligases, we employed RNA-Seq to identify acyl-CoA ligases upregulated during growth on laurate. Knockouts of the three most highly upregulated acyl-CoA ligases increased fatty acid yield significantly, with one strain (ΔA2794) producing up to 62 mg/L free fatty acid. This study demonstrates that homologousβ-oxidation systems can be rationally engineered to enhance fatty acid production, a strategy that may be employed to increase yield for a range of fuels, chemicals, and PHB derivatives inR. eutropha.
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Knights, K., and C. Drogemuller. "Xenobiotic-CoA Ligases: Kinetic and Molecular Characterization." Current Drug Metabolism 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200003339261.

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Barragán, María J. López, Manuel Carmona, María T. Zamarro, Bärbel Thiele, Matthias Boll, Georg Fuchs, José L. García, and Eduardo Díaz. "The bzd Gene Cluster, Coding for Anaerobic Benzoate Catabolism, in Azoarcus sp. Strain CIB." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 17 (September 1, 2004): 5762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.17.5762-5774.2004.

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ABSTRACT We report here that the bzd genes for anaerobic benzoate degradation in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB are organized as two transcriptional units, i.e., a benzoate-inducible catabolic operon, bzdNOPQMSTUVWXYZA, and a gene, bzdR, encoding a putative transcriptional regulator. The last gene of the catabolic operon, bzdA, has been expressed in Escherichia coli and encodes the benzoate-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase that catalyzes the first step in the benzoate degradation pathway. The BzdA enzyme is able to activate a wider range of aromatic compounds than that reported for other previously characterized benzoate-CoA ligases. The reduction of benzoyl-CoA to a nonaromatic cyclic intermediate is carried out by a benzoyl-CoA reductase (bzdNOPQ gene products) detected in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB extracts. The bzdW, bzdX, and bzdY gene products show significant similarity to the hydratase, dehydrogenase, and ring-cleavage hydrolase that act sequentially on the product of the benzoyl-CoA reductase in the benzoate catabolic pathway of Thauera aromatica. Benzoate-CoA ligase assays and transcriptional analyses based on lacZ-reporter fusions revealed that benzoate degradation in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB is subject to carbon catabolite repression by some organic acids, indicating the existence of a physiological control that connects the expression of the bzd genes to the metabolic status of the cell.
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Philpott, Helena K., Pamela J. Thomas, David Tew, Doug E. Fuerst, and Sarah L. Lovelock. "A versatile biosynthetic approach to amide bond formation." Green Chemistry 20, no. 15 (2018): 3426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01697f.

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Combining N-acyltransferases and CoA ligases with desired substrate profiles allows the construction of non-natural biosynthetic pathways for the synthesis of structurally diverse secondary and tertiary amides in high yields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CoA ligases"

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Lelievre, Chloé. "Formation de liaisons amides par réactions enzymatiques détournées ATP Regeneration System in Chemoenzymatic Amide Bond Formation with Thermophilic CoA Ligase." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF026.

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La fonction amide est omniprésente dans les produits naturels et aussi dans de nombreux composés synthétiques comme des principes actifs et des polymères. De nombreuses approches ont été développées pour disposer de méthodes de synthèse efficaces. L'approche la plus courante en chimie conventionnelle est l'acylation d'une amine par un acide carboxylique activé. L'activation nécessite l'utilisation soit d'agents de couplage, résultant en une faible économie d'atomes, soit de catalyseurs couteux parfois utilisés dans des conditions drastiques. Les approches biocatalytiques sont donc des alternatives intéressantes pour des raisons économiques et environnementales. Différentes enzymes peuvent être utilisées comme des hydrolases, des nitrile hydratases et des transglutaminases qui activent l'acide sous forme acyl-enzyme pour favoriser l'addition nucléophile de l'amine. Depuis quelques années, l'intérêt pour les enzymes dépendantes de l'ATP s'est accru.Dans ce projet, nous nous sommes intéressés aux CoA ligases qui catalysent la formation d'acide activé sous forme d'acyl-adenylate puis acyl-thioester. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence qu'en détournant la réaction par piégeage de l'intermédiaire activé par une amine, nous obtenons l'amide. L'utilisation de CoA ligases thermophiles permet de travailler à une température élevée et ainsi de faciliter l'addition non catalysée de l'amine. Ce système s'affranchit donc de l'utilisation de HSCoA onéreux. Pour un système efficace, nous avons aussi intégré avec succès un système de régénération de l'ATP comprenant une Polyphosphate Kinase 2 (Classe III) et une inorganique pyrophosphatase. L'efficacité de cette cascade a été illustrée par la synthèse chemo-enzymatique à l'échelle du laboratoire du N-méthylbutyrylamide avec un rendement de 77 % avec de faibles quantités en enzyme.L'exploration de la biodiversité par approche génomique basée sur la comparaison de séquence, nous a permis d'identifier plusieurs CoA ligases thermophiles actives sur des substrats ω-amino acides précurseurs de lactames. K6Q029 issue de Thermaerobacter subterraneus a fait l'objet d'études plus approfondies. Elle est notamment active sur des substrats ω-amino acides fonctionnalisés ou non, de chaines carbonées plus ou moins longues, mais aussi sur des acides carboxyliques variés tels que des aromatiques.Grâce à la résolution structurale d'A4YDT1, une CoA ligase promiscuitaire, nous avons identifié, en collaboration avec une équipe de cristallographes de l'université de Groningen (Pays Bas), les résidus impliqués dans sa spécificité de substrats pour les modifier par une approche rationnelle. Des mutants de cette enzyme ont ainsi permis l'obtention de δ-valerolactame et Ɛ-caprolactame
The amide function is widespread in nature and also in many synthetic products such as pharmaceuticals and polymers. Numerous approaches have been developed to provide reliable synthesis methods. The most common approach in conventional chemistry is the acylation of an amine by activated carboxylic acid. Activation requires the use of either coupling reagents resulting in low atom economy, or expensive catalysts sometimes used under drastic conditions. Biocatalytic approaches are therefore interesting alternatives for economic and environmental reasons. Different enzymes can be used such as hydrolases, nitrile hydratases and transglutaminases that activate the acid in acyl-enzyme form to promote the nucleophilic addition of the amine. In recent years, interest in ATP-dependent enzymes has increased.In this project, we focused on CoA ligases that catalyze the formation of activated acid as acyl-adenylate and then acyl-thioester. We have thus demonstrated that by diverting the reaction by scavenging activated intermediate with an amine, we obtain the amide. The use of thermophilic CoA ligases allows us to work at a high temperature and thus facilitate the uncatalyzed addition of the amine. This system therefore dispenses with the use of expensive HSCoA. For a better system, we have also successfully integrated an ATP regeneration system with a Polyphosphate Kinase 2 (Class III) and an inorganic pyrophosphatase. The efficiency of this cascade was illustrated by the lab-scale chemo-enzymatic synthesis of N-methylbutyrylamide in 77 % yield using low enzyme loading.Biodiversity exploration using a genomic approach based on sequence comparison allowed us to identify several thermophilic CoA ligases active towards ω-amino acid substrates. K6Q029 from Thermaerobacter subterraneus was further studied. In particular, this enzyme is active towards ω-amino acid substrates, functionalized or not, with more or less long carbon chains, as well as on various carboxylic acids such as aromatics.Thanks to the structural resolution of A4YDT1, a promiscuous CoA ligase from the literature, we have identified, in collaboration with a team of crystallographers from theUniversity of Groningen (Netherlands), the residues involved in its substrate specificity to modify them by a rational approach. Variants of this enzyme have thus allowed to obtain δ-valerolactam and Ɛ-caprolactam
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Touré, Océane. "Approche biocatalytique pour la synthèse de lactames." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF027.

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La biotechnologie est maintenant bien établie dans le paysage de l'industrie chimique. Dans le domaine de la biocatalyse, il existe de nombreux exemples de mise en oeuvre réussie d'étapes enzymatiques dans des procédés de synthèse ou de développement de voies enzymatiques complètes, en particulier dans l'industrie pharmaceutique.Les lactames sont des composés qui se retrouvent dans de nombreux produits naturels et synthétiques, tels que les ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs (API) et sont des précurseurs dans la chimie des polymères. Pour accéder aux lactames à partir de squelettes simples d'acides omega-aminés, la synthèse nécessite un processus en deux étapes : tout d'abord, l'activation de la fonction acide, puis, l'addition intramoléculaire d'amine nucléophile. Pour les petits lactames (5-7 chaînons), la cyclisation intramoléculaire se produit spontanément une fois l'acide activé.Dans le cadre de nos travaux sur des voies d'accès enzymatiques aux amides, nous avons récemment mis au point une synthèse impliquant une activation par CoA ligases, en absence de CoASH, et utilisant uniquement leur aptitude d'activation de l'acide par adénylation par l'ATP, introduit à seulement 5% molaire grâce à la mise en place d'un système de régénération.Jusqu'à présent, le type de lactames obtenus par biocatalyse est limité aux cycles nus, dépourvus de fonctions. L'objectif du projet est de disposer d'enzymes permettant la synthèse par approche biocatalytique de lactames fonctionnalisés de 5 à 7 chaînons. Pour cela deux types d'approche seront menés :1) Exploration de la biodiversité. Une collection d'enzymes de type CoA ligases, construite par une approche génomique basée sur l'identité de séquences, est disponible au laboratoire. Cette collection, constituée d'environ 250 enzymes, sera criblée sur des substrats précurseurs de lactames d'intérêt. Des enzymes d'adénylation, autres que des CoA ligases ont été identifiées et seront également testées.2) Conception rationnelle. En collaboration avec l'équipe des Pr. Dick Janssen et Dr. Andy-Mark Thunnissen (Université de Groningen, Pays-Bas), les données structurales seront utilisées pour générer des bibliothèques ciblées. Des expériences de docking avec les substrats seront réalisées pour cibler les mutations
Biotechnology is now a well-established part of the chemical industry landscape. In the field of biocatalysis, there are numerous examples of the successful implementation of enzymatic steps in synthesis processes or the development of complete enzymatic pathways, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry.Lactams are compounds found in many natural and synthetic products, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and are precursors in polymer chemistry. To access lactams from simple omega-amino acid backbones, synthesis requires a two-step process: first, activation of the acid function, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic amine addition. For small lactams (5-7 members), intramolecular cyclization occurs spontaneously once the acid has been activated.As part of our work on enzymatic access routes to amides, we recently developed a synthesis involving activation by CoA ligases, in the absence of CoASH, and using only their ability to activate the acid by adenylation with ATP, introduced at only 5 mol% thanks to the implementation of a regeneration system.Until now, the type of lactams obtained by biocatalysis has been limited to bare, functionless rings. The aim of the project is to provide enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of 5- to 7-membered functionalized lactams. To achieve this, two approaches will be pursued:1) Exploration of biodiversity. A collection of CoA ligase enzymes, built up using a genomic approach based on sequence identity, is available in the laboratory. This collection, comprising around 250 enzymes, will be screened on lactam precursor substrates of interest. Adenylation enzymes other than CoA ligases have been identified and will also be tested.2) Rational design. In collaboration with the team of Prof. Dick Janssen and Dr. Andy-Mark Thunnissen (University of Groningen, Netherlands), structural data will be used to generate targeted libraries. Substrate docking experiments will be carried out to target mutations
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Menzies, Sam. "Ubiquitin E3 ligase mediated regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273763.

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Loss-of-function genetic screens are a powerful approach to identify the genes involved in biological processes. For nearly a century, forward genetic screens in model organisms have provided enormous insight into many cellular processes. However, the difficulty in generating and recovering bi-allelic mutations in diploid cells severely hindered the performance of forward genetic screens in mammalian cells. The development of a retroviral gene-trap vector to mutagenise the human near-haploid KBM7 cell line transformed forward genetic screens in human cells. The re-purposing of the microbial CRISPR/Cas9 system now offers an effective method to generate gene knockouts in diploid cells. Here, I performed a head-to-head comparison of retroviral gene-trap mutagenesis screens and genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in KBM7 cells. The two screening approaches were equally effective at identifying genes required for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of MHC class I molecules. The ER-resident enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and is targeted therapeutically by statins. To maintain cholesterol homeostasis, the expression of HMGCR is tightly regulated by sterols transcriptionally and post-translationally. Sterols induce the association of HMGCR with Insig proteins, which recruit E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes to mediate degradation of HMGCR by the ubiquitin proteasome system. However, the identity of the E3 ligase(s) responsible for HMGCR ubiquitination is controversial. Here, I use a series of genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens using a fluorescently-tagged HMGCR exogenous reporter and an endogenous HMGCR knock-in as an unbiased approach to identify the E3 ligases and any additional components required for HMGCR degradation. The CRISPR screens identified a role for the poorly characterised ERAD E3 ligase RNF145. I found RNF145 to be functionally redundant with gp78, an E3 ligase previously implicated in HMGCR degradation, and the loss of both E3 ligases was required to significantly inhibit the sterol-induced degradation and ubiquitination of HMGCR. A focused E3 ligase CRISPR screen revealed that the combined loss of gp78, RNF145 and Hrd1 was required to completely block the sterol-induced degradation of HMGCR. I present a model to account for this apparent complexity.
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Souza, Clarice de Azevedo. "The Acyl-CoA ligase-like (ACLL) gene family in Arabidopsis and poplar." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31283.

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Many genes of unknown function have been annotated in plant genome projects, and many of these may encode undiscovered enzymes. For example, completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence revealed large families of phenylpropanoid-like enzymes of unknown functions. Using an in silico similarity search based on the amino-acid sequences of known Arabidopsis genes encoding 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), I identified nine putative genes as members of the Arabidopsis acyl-CoA ligase-like (ACLL) gene superfamily which encode a plant-specific clade of enzymes closely related to true 4CLs. I also identified all ACLLs in the fully sequenced poplar and rice genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of amino-acid sequences revealed five ACLL clades, each containing at least one ACLL member from each species, suggesting conserved biochemical functions for ACLL enzymes. In four of five clades, most of the ACLL representatives have the PTS1 peroxisomal target sequence, indicating a likely function in that organelle. I established tissue expression profiles and the wound and herbivory responsiveness of Arabidopsis and poplar ACLL genes, and this revealed similar expression patterns for potentially orthologous genes. Finally, I mined publicly available microarray databases for co-expressed Arabidopsis genes, and this data provides clues for potential ACLL biochemical functions. The only non-peroxisomal clade is the one most closely related to true 4CLs and contains a single copy gene in Arabidopsis (ACLL5) and poplar (ACLL13). These genes are flower and anther-preferred in expression, and because of the apparent conservation in sequence and in expression, were chosen for functional analysis. ACLL5 is transiently expressed in tapetum cells just prior to release of microspores from tetrads, suggesting a role in pollen wall and/or sporopollenenin formation. In support of this, an acll5 transposon insertion mutant is male sterile and fails to produce pollen grains. These data suggest that ACLL5 and similar enzymes from other species, produce CoA ester intermediates used in an unknown pathway required for pollen wall formation. In silico co-expression analysis in Arabidopsis has revealed potential other members of this pathway, also conserved across angiosperms. This work highlights the utility of the Arabidopsis model system in the discovery of genes in other plant species with genome sequence information.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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Proctor, Lavinia M. "Pharmacological activity of C3a and C3a receptor ligands /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18423.pdf.

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Rampersad, Marilyn Vena. "The development of N2S2 metal complexes as bidentate ligands for organometallic chemistry." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4913.

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Electronic and steric parameters for square planar NiN2S2 complexes as bidentate, S-donor ligands have been established. According to the (CO) stretching frequencies and associated computed Cotton-Kraihanzel force constants of (NiN2S2)W(CO)4 adducts, a ranking of donor abilities and a comparison with classical bidentate ligands are as follows: Ni(ema)= > { [NiN2S2]0 } > bipy phen > Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 > Ph2PCH2PPh2. In addition, we have demonstrated that the NiN2S2 ligands are hemilabile as evidenced from CO addition to (NiN2S2)W(CO)4, which is in equilibrium with the resulting (NiN2S2)W(CO)5 species (Keq = 2.8 M-1, G = -1.4 kJ/mole at 50C). Complete NiN2S2 ligand displacement by CO-cleavage of the remaining W-S bond to form W(CO)6 was not observed, indicating that the remaining W-S bond is considerably strengthened upon ring-opening. Several new cluster compounds based on the NiN2S2 ligands bound to CuI, RhI, PdII and W0 are reported. Structural analysis of (NiN2S2)MLn complexes show a unique structural feature defined by the dihedral angle formed by the intersection of NiN2S2/WS2C2 planes; placing the NiN2S2 ligand in closer proximity to one side of the reactive metal center. This unique orientational feature of the NiN2S2 ligands in the series of bimetallic compounds contrasts with classical diphosphine or diimine ligands. The "hinge angle" ranges in value from 136 as in the (Ni-1*)W(CO)4 to 101 in the (Ni-1)Pd(CH3)(Cl) complexes. The rigidity of the SR hinge of the nickeldithiolate ligands suggests that they might be suitable for stereochemical and regioselective substrate addition to catalytically active metals such as RhI and PdII.. The structural as well as functional similarities of the acetyl CoA synthase enzyme (ACS) and a palladium-metal based industrial type catalyst led to the preparation of a [(Ni-1)Pd(CH3)]+ bimetallic complex. This complex facilitates CO and ethylene copolymerization to produce polyketone similar to conventional (diphosphine)Pd(X)2 catalysts. However, the diphosphine ligands produce more efficient catalysts as the electron-rich character of the NiN2S2 ligand favors the resting state of the catalyst, [(Ni-1)Pd(C(O)CH3)(CO)]+, over the reactive form (Ni-1)Pd(C(O)CH3)(2-C2H4)]+. An exploratory investigation with the Ni-Pd heterobimetallic showed that this complex also facilitated the C-S coupling reaction to form a thioester similar to the ACS enzyme.
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Prado, Rogilene Aparecida. "Clonagem gênica e caracterização de uma enzima tipoluciferase de coleópteros não bioluminescentes e sua relação com a origem da atividade luminescente." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5399.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Bioluminescence in beetles is dependent on luciferase which evolved from AMP/CoA ligases. The cDNA of a luciferase-like enzime was cloned from the Malpighian tubules of Zophobas morio mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The gene product of this cDNA displays weak luminescence and it is composed of 528 aminoacids residues with N-terminal and C-terminal sequences signal addressed to smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Although having a low identity (26-32%) with beetle luciferases, this enzyme is a reasonable protoluciferase model to investigate the origin and evolution of beetle luciferases. The luciferin binding site is higly conserved among the beetle luciferases. However, in this protoluciferase of Z. morio, most of these residues of this motif are substituted by others. Using a site-directed mutagenesis survey some of aminoacids residues of this protoluciferase, which are located at correspondent luciferin binding site of luciferases, were replaced by the conserved residues of beetle luciferases. Most of the substitutions had negative effect on the luminescent activity, however, the substitution I327T, which is located in a β-hairpin motif close to the luciferin binding site, improved the luminescence activity. Such substitution indicates the importance of this motif for luciferase activity and indicates a possible route for the evolution of bioluminescence function of beetle luciferase. Since this enzyme is located in the Malpighian tubules, which are involved in excretion and metabolization of carboxylic substrates, this enzyme could be involved to excretion the some type of chemical compound. Regardless of the function the results show that the potential for bioluminescent activity is older and probably arose before the divergences of the Coleoptera bioluminescent families.
A bioluminescência em coleópteros é dependente das luciferases, enzimas que evoluíram das AMP-CoA ligases. O cDNA de uma enzima tipo-luciferase foi clonado dos túbulos de Malphighi de larvas de Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). O produto gênico deste cDNA mostra naturalmente uma fraca luminescência na presença de MgATP e luciferina e possui 528 aminoácidos com sequências sinal na região N-terminal e C-terminal endereçadas a membrana do retículo endoplasmático liso. Apesar de ter uma baixa identidade (26-32%) com as luciferases de vaga-lumes, esta enzima é um modelo apropriado de protoluciferase para investigar a origem e evolução das luciferases de besouros. O sítio de ligação da luciferina é altamente conservado entre todas as luciferases de besouros; na protoluciferase de Z. morio porém, a maioria dos resíduos desta região é substituído por outros. Utilizando-se a técnica de mutagênese sitio-dirigida, alguns resíduos de aminoácidos desta protoluciferase, que são localizados na correspondente região do sítio ativo das luciferases, foram substituídos pelos resíduos conservados das luciferases. A maioria das substituições teve um efeito negativo sobre a atividade luminescente. Porém, a substituição I327T, cujo resíduo é localizado em um motivo grampo β, perto do sítio de ligação da luciferina, aumentou sua atividade luminescente. Tal substituição mostra a importância deste motivo para a atividade luciferásica e indica uma possível rota de evolução das luciferases de coleópteros. Uma vez que esta enzima foi extraída dos túbulos de Malpighi, é possível que esteja envolvida com a excreção de algum composto químico. Independente de sua função, os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que o potencial para atividade bioluminescente é bem antigo nas ligases e provavelmente evoluíram antes da divergência das famílias de coleópteros bioluminescentes.
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Wendt, Kerstin Sybille. "Zwei Untereinheiten aus Proteinkomplexen die Kristallstruktur der APC10-Untereinheit des humanen Anaphase-promoting-Complex und die Kristallstruktur der Carboxytransferase-Untereinheit der Glutaconyl-CoA-Decarboxylase aus Acidaminococcus fermentans /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965479730.

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Studart-Guimarães, Claudia Rodriguez. "Functional analysis of the role of succinyl CoA ligase in the photosynthetic metabolism of tomato." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2006/409/index.html.

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Tron, Cecile M. V. "Structural and functional studies of biotin protein ligase and its bacterial substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14582.

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Biotin protein ligase (BPL) catalyzes the formation of biotinyl-5’-AMP from biotin and ATP and the succeeding biotinylation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP). The genes encoding the BPL from the hyperthermophyle Aquifex aeolicus were overexpressed in E. coli and the recombinant protein AaBPL was purified to homogeneity. AaBPL was purified to homogeneity.  AaBPL was proven to be catalytically active and to biotinylate specifically the C-terminal biotinyl domain of BCCP (BCCPΔ67). It was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry experiments that in the class I AaBPL, the presence of biotin is not required for ATP binding in absence of Mg2+ ions and the binding of biotin and ATP has been determined to occur via a random but cooperative process. In the second step of the enzymatic reaction, BPL has been suggested to form a BPL:BCCP complex. This complex was characterized in A. aeolicus by chemical cross-linking and mutational studies have identified a salt bridge between AaBPL and BCCPΔ67 which is important for heterodimerisation. The structures at 2.4 Å resolution of AaBPL in the apo-form and in complex with biotin and ATP were determined. These are the first crystal structures of a BPL complex with biotin and ATP and also of an ATP-bound BPL. The adenylate binding loop is ordered in the structure of apo-AaBPL and the ATP binding pocket is well defined. The solvent-exposed β- and γ-phosphates of ATP are located in the inter-subunit cavity formed by the N- and C-terminal domains. The Arg40 residue from the conserved GXGRXG motif is shown to interact with the carboxyl group of biotin and to stabilise the α- and β- phosphates of the nucleotide.
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Books on the topic "CoA ligases"

1

S, Braterman Paul, ed. Reactions of coordinated ligands. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.

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Symposium on Host-Guest Molecular Interactions: from Chemistry to Biology (1990 : Ciba Foundation), ed. Host-guest molecular interactions: From chemistry to biology. Chichester: Wiley, 1991.

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Braterman, P. S. Reactions of Coordinated Ligands: Volume 2. Springer, 2011.

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Silva, Pedro Panhoca da, Luiz Fernando Martins de Lima, and Maira Zuculotto. Narrativas interativas contemporâneas. Diálogo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52788/9786589932482.

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Este livro pode funcionar como uma sequência, ou melhor, uma expansão de outra publicação prévia: Role-Playing Game: práticas, ressignificações e potencialidades. Devido ao sucesso de recepção desse e-book, nossa ideia inicial foi organizar outro livro que continuasse a abranger estudos ligados aos RPGs, dos mais tradicionais aos mais contemporâneos. Com novos textos, novas inspirações surgiriam. No entanto, visando ampliar ainda mais o leque do que pretendíamos oferecer ao leitor, decidimos por incluir outras possibilidades. Assim surgiu a ideia das Narrativas interativas contemporâneas, englobando estudos sobre multimodalidade e interatividade, não necessariamente presas ao RPG. O leitor continua, aqui, a se deparar com temas e abordagens variadas, publicados por autores ligados ao que se pretende desenvolver neste espaço. Acreditamos, assim, que novos textos, explorações e ideias são capazes de alimentar ainda mais a pesquisa em áreas relativamente novas. Ao passo que buscamos inovar, na medida do possível, temos em mente que os campos permanecem tão vastos quanto um jogo no estilo sandbox. Um dos segredos para explorá-los é, justamente, a criatividade.
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Cavalleri, María Silvina, Silvina Pantanali, and Silvia Perez Torrecilla, eds. Procesos de intervención en Trabajo Social. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/70519.

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El texto –destinado a estudiantes, docentes y graduados– reúne distintos artículos que contribuyen a comprender los procesos de intervención en la profesión de Trabajo Social. Para ello se aportan conceptos y análisis contextuales que recuperan categorías de la perspectiva histórico-crítica. Asimismo –y con el propósito de comprender particularidades de los procesos de intervención– se presentan diversos escritos vinculados con el ejercicio de la profesión en distintos ámbitos institucionales, ligados a la implementación de programas sociales y al abordaje de diferentes expresiones de la cuestión social.
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Aragão, Gislei Frota. Tópicos interdisciplinares da saúde humana: perspectivas translacionais. Editora Amplla, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.tis167.1122-0.

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Este livro reúne uma coletânea de textos científicos escritos por diversos profissionais da área da saúde, de acordo com suas áreas de atuação e expertise. A inclusão de cada capítulo embora tenha sido de livre escolha de cada autor se correlacionam entre si por discorrerem sobre problemas atuais relacionados a saúde humana. A característica marcante de cada capítulo deste livro é a visão científica do conteúdo com uma linguagem acessível para qualquer leitor e uma perspectiva para futuras pesquisas associadas aos problemas descritos pelos autores. Foi com grande prazer que tive a oportunidade de organizar e participar desta obra em parceria com profissionais altamente qualificados. Dessa forma, convido a todos que gostam e tem interesse por temas ligados a saúde humana a aproveitar esta prazerosa leitura.
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Acosta Quintero, Alexander, Faizully Andrea Barbosa Moreno, Jenny Marcela Cardona Bedoya, Carlos Alberto Espinosa Herrera, Jenny Jiménez Cruz, Diana Milena Riaño Cuevas, Bibiana Paola Ríos Cortés, et al. Comunicación y comunidades de destino en el marco de la Educación Superior. Edited by Luisa Fernanda Sánchez Sánchez and Diana Elizabeth Ruíz Herrera. FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA COMPENSAR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56262/9789587923216.

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la Fundación Universitaria Compensar presenta el texto Comunicación y comunidades de destino en el marco de la educación superior, como resultado de su aporte a la consolidación de iniciativas de investigación, proyección social y de docencia que propenden por la generación de reflexiones y cuestionamientos ligados a la perspectiva de lo común, lo colectivo desde la sistematización de experiencias institucionales en el marco de la Facultad de Comunicación, que han generado un aporte a la construcción de conocimiento, al diálogo con el sector externo, al relacionamiento con el sector productivo para la innovación educativa y la transformación organizacional, teniendo como marco orientador y como referente al campo de la comunicación.
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Cedeño Ávila, Leyla María, Viviana Paola Patiño Zambrano, Patricia Cecibel Rivera Ponce, Claudia Vanessa Hidalgo Zambrano, Karina Lisseth Mendoza Hidalgo, Nora Elizabeth Chele Chumo, María José Hidrovo Arteaga, Karen Ximena Villacrés Segovia, Ginna Paola Hidalgo Montenegro, and Katherine Gisella Bravo Bravo. Epidemiologia e investigación en salud pública. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2019, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-826-04-6.

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Los avances científicos generados en el campo de la salud, dan paso al surgimiento de una disciplina cuyas características estima aquellas posibles condiciones para lograr un recorrido específico en las áreas determinantes y existentes en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. Este proceso de transformación hacia la búsqueda de un método particular y directamente vinculado con el quehacer clínico, permite el surgimiento de la epidemiología como la herramienta que permite encaminar diferentes procesos investigativos y ofrecer con ello nuevas experiencias caracterizadas por reconocer la existencia de enfermedades trasmisibles y no transmisibles, valorar la necesidad de reconocer la importancia que presenta la sociedad como gestor de una modificación significativa en la investigación ligados a la salud pública.
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ANDREATTI, G. S. N., and L. V. S. SILVA, eds. Perspectivas para o Ensino de Línguas. Mares Editores, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35417/978-65-87712-07-9.

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A coletânea Perspectivas para o Ensino de Línguas reúne trabalhos que têm como foco o ensino de línguas, seja a materna, seja as línguas estrangerias modernas, com o intuito de proporcionar espaço para que os professores de línguas possam compartilhar suas pesquisas e experiências no âmbito acadêmico de ensino de línguas. São discutidas questões que se relacionam à formação do professor de línguas, à prática pedagógica na era digital, bem como a aspectos ligados ao cotidiano do ensino de línguas e as perspectivas para o ensino e aprendizagem.
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Melo, André Cristiano Silva, Denilson Ricardo de Lucena Nunes, and Vitor William Batista Martins. Logística na Amazônia, pesquisa e práticas no Estado do Pará: supply chain management. Editora da Universidade do Estado do Pará-Eduepa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31792/978-65-88106-33-4.

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Este segundo volume da série Logística na Amazônia cobre uma vasta extensão de temas que incluem elementos a partir de uma perspectiva mais geral e estratégica como sustentabilidade, logística reversa; aspectos táticos como gestão de riscos, e mapeamento de processos e componentes logísticos até aspectos mais operacionais, além de projetos ligados à infraestrutura, particularmente aquela que faz uso de hidrovias. Para além dos aspectos teóricos, o livro é rico em tratar de situações realistas com exemplos de diferentes setores industriais, tais como: mineração, geração de energia, indústria têxtil, indústria agropecuária e indústria alimentícia.
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Book chapters on the topic "CoA ligases"

1

Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "benzoyl-CoA-dihydrodiol lyase 4.1.2.44." In Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 450–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_34.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase 4.2.1.116." In Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 499–500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_43.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 4.2.1.119." In Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 507–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_46.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase 4.2.1.120." In Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 522–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_47.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Ida Schomburg. "3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase 6.2.1.36." In Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 663–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_86.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Phenylacetate-CoA ligase." In Enzyme Handbook 17, 309–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_72.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Anthranilate-CoA ligase." In Enzyme Handbook 17, 317–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_74.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "O-Succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase." In Enzyme Handbook 17, 293–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_68.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "4-Hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase." In Enzyme Handbook 17, 297–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_69.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "2-Furoate-CoA ligase." In Enzyme Handbook 17, 313–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58969-0_73.

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Conference papers on the topic "CoA ligases"

1

liu, jingjing, and Carla V. Finkielstein. "Abstract LB-309: Interplay between E3 ligases modulate Per2 stability." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-309.

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Jiang, Zeyu (David), Rui Hong, and Mike Farrell. "Abstract 3493: Anin-situproximity assay using biotin ligase." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3493.

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Dayneko, Sergey, Dmitriy Lypenko, Pavel Linkov, Alexey Tameev, Igor Martynov, Pavel Samokhvalov, and Alexander Chistyakov. "Effect of surface ligands on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes containing quantum dots." In SPIE/COS Photonics Asia, edited by Xuping Zhang, Hai Ming, and Changyuan Yu. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2071062.

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Londino, J. D., L. Chafin, J. Adair, D. Farkas, A. Elhance, and B. Johnson. "MicroID: A Novel Biotin Ligase Enables Rapid Proximity Ligation Proteomics." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3222.

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Lv, Huafei, Xuemei Zhang, Xinxin Yu, Sujuan Pan, Shusen Xie, Hongqin Yang, and Yiru Peng. "The effect of axial ligands on the quantum yield of singlet oxygen of new silicon phthalocyanine." In SPIE/COS Photonics Asia, edited by Qingming Luo, Xingde Li, Ying Gu, and Yuguo Tang. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2246271.

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Chen, Jian, Jiun-Sheng Chen, YoungJin Gi, Lior H. Katz, Ji-Hyun Shin, Liem Phan, Wilma Jogunoori, et al. "Abstract 2784: Targeting TGF-β regulated E3 ligases: a novel therapeutic approach for primary liver cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2784.

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Zondy, Jean-Jacques, Franck Bielsa, Albane Douillet, Laurent Hilico, Ouali Acef, Valentin Petrov, Alexander Yelisseyev, Ludmila Isaenko, and Pavel Krinitsin. "SHG of CO2 laser radiation at 10.6 μm in the highly nonlinear chalcopyrite LiGaTe2." In CLEO '07. 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2007.4452810.

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Carlos Triveño Rios, Maiara Dias Silveira, and Miluska Triveño Huamanñahui. "Síntese e Caracterização de Ligas do Sistema Al-Cu." In IX Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/con-2016-0935.

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Oliveira, V. C. H. C., B. L. Damineli, V. Agopyan, and V. M. John. "Teor de Ligantes, Tipos de Cimento e a Mitigação da Pegada de CO2 de Concretos." In Encontro Latinoamericano de Edificações e Comunidades Sustentáveis. Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil: UFPR/ANTAC/UEPG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/978-85-89478-40-3-a105.

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Bruna Almeida Barbosa and Maria Eliziane Pires de Souza Souza. "Oxidação por plasma eletrolítico em ligas de alumínio - caracterização eletroquímica." In IX Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/con-2016-1067.

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Reports on the topic "CoA ligases"

1

Stanley, Leonardo. Financiamiento verde en América Latina y el Caribe: debates, debilidades, desafíos y amenazas. Fundación Carolina, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt57.

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Resulta ampliamente reconocido que el cambio climático y el financiamiento están estrechamente relacionados, y que se requieren más fondos pero que también es preciso adoptar una nueva mirada. Pensar el problema del financiamiento “verde” de manera aislada no sirve. Resulta imperioso repensar el financiamiento como parte integral de un nuevo modelo de producción e inserción global. Ello implica aproximarse de forma diferente al crecimiento, de modo que se busque generar valor desde otra perspectiva. Transformar las finanzas supone modificar el régimen de inversión extranjera vigente. Además, resulta esencial repensar el rol de la inversión en el desarrollo económico y social, abandonando la idea de que cualquier aumento del PIB es exitoso sin importar el costo. Se requiere otro enfoque, superar el dilema de un horizonte bloqueado, que se asocia al cortoplacismo que caracteriza al sistema financiero actual. Debemos observar las necesidades de financiamiento ligadas al combate del cambio climático, pero también a los costos financieros de la inacción. Manejar la incertidumbre en el contexto actual requiere un cambio metodológico, que reconozca la imposibilidad de determinar a ciencia cierta cuáles son los peligros que conlleva la inacción. Pero que también condene aquellas acciones que perpetúan un modelo energético anclado en el pasado, junto con el financiamiento que lo hace factible. La interacción entre cambio climático y macroeconomía ya no puede soslayarse; ello obliga a evaluar una serie de propuestas políticas en discusión. Si tras la crisis surgió la necesidad de preservar la estabilidad financiera, las autoridades monetarias comienzan ahora a introducir nuevas regulaciones para impedir la irrupción de riesgos ligados al cambio climático. Independientemente de las ideas e instrumentos que se proponen en los países desarrollados, resulta imprescindible reconocer la especificidad de América Latina, y la visión particular que debería adoptarse en el análisis de la interacción entre política macroeconómica y cambio climático.
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Quijada, José Alejandro, and José David Sierra. Entendiendo las causas de la emigración indocumentada en hogares de bajos ingresos en Honduras. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009613.

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Este trabajo analiza las causas de la emigración indocumentada en Honduras a partir del desarrollo e implementación de instrumentos de encuesta, incluyendo grupos focales, encuestas a profundidad y una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional. En concordancia con la literatura reciente sobre migración internacional, planteamos un modelo empírico en el cual la propensión a emigrar es función de un conjunto de factores asociados tanto a las capacidades para emigrar como a las expectativas sobre la emigración. Nuestros resultados indican que la propensión a emigrar de individuos que residen en hogares de bajos ingresos está inversamente relacionada con el acervo de capital humano y el acceso a servicios públicos. Por otro lado, variables ligadas a la valoración de aspiraciones y oportunidades en EE.UU están positivamente correlacionadas con la propensión a emigrar.
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González, Andrea, Mercedes Sidders, Juan Carlos Hallak, and Mariana Chudnovsky. Construyendo capacidades institucionales para implementar PDP: El caso de las políticas de promoción del diseño en la Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012038.

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Dentro del amplio espectro de las políticas públicas de promoción del desarrollo productivo (PDP), este trabajo se concentra en las políticas de “promoción del diseño”, que conciben al diseño como una herramienta para la innovación, diferenciación y competitividad. Se estudiaron las principales agencias estatales encargadas de las PDP de diseño en el gobierno nacional y en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Algunos de los hallazgos principales del trabajo señalan que contar con infraestructura y/o presupuesto no siempre alcanza para contar con la capacidad de implementar políticas. La flexibilidad organizacional aparece como un elemento clave, sobre todo cuando se combina con la estabilidad contractual de esas personas que cuentan con el conocimiento necesario sobre el tema. Asimismo, se observa que estos dos últimos aspectos florecen cuando existe cierto "aislamiento" de los shocks políticos externos, ligados a la inestabilidad y volatilidad política contextual de Argentina.
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Feal-Zubimendi, Soledad, and Juan Pablo Ventura. El desafío de la formalización empresarial en Paraguay: causas, motivaciones y propuestas de política pública. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004814.

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A través de entrevistas en profundidad, grupos focales y talleres de validación con referentes del sector público y privado, este estudio tiene por objetivo indagar en las principales causas de la informalidad empresarial en Paraguay y proponer una agenda de política pública para fomentar el proceso de formalización. Los principales obstáculos para la formalización empresarial están ligados a factores institucionales, culturales y económicos, cuya incidencia varía dependiendo del tamaño de las empresas, mientras que los beneficios se asocian con el acceso a mercados de factores y de bienes y servicios, y con el financiamiento. A partir de estos hallazgos, se proponen cuatro áreas de intervención bajo un instrumento de gobernanza y coordinación que integre agentes públicos y privados: i) adecuación de los marcos regulatorios; ii) digitalización y uso de las TIC; iii) desarrollo empresarial, y iv) financiamiento y bancarización. Las recomendaciones de política que surgen de este estudio tienen relevancia no solo para Paraguay, sino también para otros países de la región.
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Niza Ribeiro, João, and Katia Pinello, eds. Relatório Oncológico Animal de Todos os Tumores registados na Vet-OncoNet, em 2021. Vet-OncoNet – Veterinary Oncology Network, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2021/1-1-04-2023.

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Os dados aqui apresentados nessa publicação espelham, cada vez mais, a realidade Epidemiológica do Cancro em animais de companhia em Portugal. Este trabalho pretende revelar a dimensão do problema e serve de base para a investigação epidemiológica e estudos clínicos, para além de ser um instrumento de apoio à decisão clínica médico- veterinária. Neste contexto torna-se premente o reconhecimento do trabalho realizado pelos profissionais ligados ao diagnóstico laboratorial dos parceiros da rede. Apenas com a colaboração de todos e o empenho dos que trabalham e apoiam a rede é possível produzir informação útil e de melhor qualidade, contribuindo para que o Registo Oncológico Animal – ROA, seja fonte de conhecimento e de suporte à decisão.
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Andrade Nieves, Mónica María, and Martha Cecilia Velásquez Ceballos. El cálculo de la dosis a partir de un caso ejemplificado: enfermería y medicina roles ligados a la seguridad durante la prescripción y la administración de fármacos. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.60.

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En la normativa colombiana existen componentes éticos y legales que permean el proceso de la prescripción y administración farmacológica para conseguir una práctica segura. El cálculo de la dosis representa dentro del rol del profesional médico y de enfermería uno de los mayores desafíos en materia de las competencias laborales, toda vez que para abordar de manera integral un proceso patológico se requiere contar, en muchos casos, con un plan terapéutico aplicado, ya sea con fines diagnósticos, de intervención terapéutica, paliativo, profiláctico, entre otros. Para la determinación de la dosis, es necesario evidenciar las fases requeridas, las cuales incluyen: calcular la dosis por administrar, según el peso del paciente, valorar los antecedentes por grupos de riesgo, así como la edad para establecer aspectos farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos que inciden en la prescripción, tener en cuenta las presentaciones farmacéuticas disponibles acorde con las formas farmacéuticas actuales y ejecutar la receta, incluyendo todos sus elementos. El presente ejercicio, a partir de un caso clínico descrito, pretende desarrollar el procedimiento del cálculo de la dosis de una forma farmacéutica líquida, tipo jarabe en un paciente pediátrico. Para ello se dispondrá de tres pasos básicos empezando por estimar la dosificación, según el peso del paciente, que recibirá una forma farmacéutica en relación con la dosis terapéutica prevista, posteriormente el estudiante expresará en unidades de peso y volumen el cálculo, acorde con los intervalos de dosificación requeridos para el principio activo y su posología culminará con la presentación de una receta ajustada a los requerimientos universales.
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Repetto, Fabián, Juan Sanguinetti, and Mariano Tommasi. La Influencia de los Aspectos Institucionales en el Desempeño de las Políticas de Protección Social y Combate a la Pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011895.

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Los países de América Latina y el Caribe tienen enormes desafíos ligados a la complejidad de la problemática social. Los avances alcanzados en materia de democratización política y mejoría del entorno económico requieren en la etapa actual de la región complementarse con mejores desempeños en materia de protección social y combate a la pobreza. Las estrategias de descentralización, privatización - desregulación y focalización llevadas a cabo en la última década han visto limitados sus efectos de cambio institucional, por causas variadas. Estas dificultades marcan en forma categórica la necesidad de impulsar y/o profundizar en toda la región una reforma institucional que haga foco en la construcción de una nueva estructura de incentivos y reglas de juego para estructurar las políticas de protección social y combate a la pobreza, ámbito en el cual participan múltiples actores. En este marco las instituciones resultan claves para entender la calidad de las intervenciones públicas.
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Lopez Delgado, Omar, Carlos Eduardo Prieto Cerón, and José Yeferson Yaya Garcia. Propuesta de implementación de soluciones técnicas para la optimización del uso de la energía en PYMES. Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55411/2023.30.

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Los costos energéticos y el impacto ambiental que generan las pequeñas y medianas industriasen su proceso de producción está estrechamente ligado a la tecnología de la maquinaria empleada para su operación , así como al saber hacer de la planta de personal, por ello al incluir en el área académica de electricidad los conceptos de producción sustentable ligados a la optimización y uso racional de la energía se incide puntualmente en la necesidad de conversión de la maquinaria y la determinación de ¿dónde, cómo y porque se generan pérdidas y mayores consumos de energía?. Se propone una estrategia pedagógica participativa entre la Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central (ETITC), el grupo de investigación GISTE y los estudiantes de electromecánica y mecatrónica a través del semillero SIGE, seleccionando empresas PYMES industrial de la ciudad de Bogotá. en las que con base a la medición de parámetros técnicos de la operación y la producción, se evalúe y se tomen como herramienta diagnósticos de energía para identificar fallas y sugerir propuestas técnicas de mejora. con lo cual se logre la optimizar de ' la energía y a su vez se integre a la enseñanza procesos de aprendizaje real y aplicable generando desarrollo sustentable.
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9

Núñez, Anamaría, Dolores Subiza, and Andrea Monje Silva. ¿Tiene género el agua? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006392.

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INFOGRAFÍA: En el sector de agua y saneamiento, las políticas públicas deben incorporar una perspectiva de género para asegurar su sostenibilidad. Para combatir las desigualdades, tenemos que empezar por saber medir la dimensión del problema. Aunque contamos con mucha información sobre el acceso a servicios de agua y saneamiento, muy poca está desagregada por sexo. Asimismo, es importante incorporar la perspectiva de género en nuestros proyectos, como por ejemplo a través de la capacitación y sensibilización sobre las diferencias en los roles de género o tomando en cuenta la opinión y necesidades específicas de las mujeres durante los procesos de toma de decisión ligados al diseño e implementación. Esto nos lleva a la necesidad de incrementar la participación de las mujeres en el sector: actualmente las mujeres están subrepresentadas, siendo solamente el 19,7% de los empleados del sector de agua y saneamiento (comparado con más del 60% en el sector servicios). Por tanto, es nuestra responsabilidad poner en marcha acciones que promuevan una participación igualitaria de hombres y mujeres en puestos de decisión (desde los ministerios hasta los comités de agua comunitarios), así como el desarrollo de políticas sectoriales y planificación y la administración de proyectos.
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10

Borensztein, Eduardo, Bernardita Piedrabuena, Rolando Ossowski, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Sebastián J. Miller. El manejo de los ingresos fiscales del cobre en Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008484.

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El manejo adecuado de los ingresos fiscales por Recursos Naturales No Renovables (RNNR) busca cumplir tres objetivos: evitar la desestabilización macroeconómica, redistribuir equitativamente la riqueza minera entre la generación presente y las futuras, y promover la diversificación económica. En el caso de Chile, desde 1987 se adoptó una política de manejo sistemático de los ingresos fiscales por cobre. En 2001 dicha política que fue perfeccionada y complementada con una regla fiscal comprensiva que consideraba adicionalmente el manejo de los ingresos fiscales no ligados a la minería. Estas políticas fueron exitosas en eliminar la correlación del crecimiento del gasto público con los ingresos por cobre, terminando con la desestabilización macroeconómica producida por una política fiscal cuyo gasto público reaccionaba a los efectos cíclicos del cobre. Además, estas políticas permitieron que Chile redujera significativamente su deuda pública y acumulara activos a largo plazo en un fondo soberano. Algunos desafíos persisten, entre los que cabe mencionar los referentes a la operatoria de la regla, el tratamiento de los gastos por reinversiones de CODELCO y sus costos operativos. En lo referente al marco institucional, la simpleza y transparencia de la regla podría mejorarse, incluyendo la publicación ex ante de las fórmulas utilizada para los cálculos, y la publicación de las estadísticas necesarias para la replicación de los cálculos. Alternativamente, se podría optar por calcular el flujo estructural hacia el fisco de la riqueza del cobre y establecer dicho flujo como ingreso estructural proveniente del cobre.
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