Relevant bibliographies by topics / CO2 challenge

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CO2 challenge'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Ziegler, Marc. "The Challenge of CO2 Limits." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 12 (November 8, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0154-5.

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Gitelman, Darren R., Isak Prohovnik, and Thomas K. Tatemichi. "Safety of Hypercapnic Challenge: Cardiovascular and Neurologic Considerations." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 11, no. 6 (November 1991): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1991.172.

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The hemodynamic, cerebrovascular, and neurologic effects of hypercapnia with 4% and 6% CO2 were retrospectively reviewed in 217 patients referred for regional CBF (rCBF) procedures. Inhalation of CO2 significantly increased rCBF, blood pressure, and pulse from baseline. The findings suggest a higher incidence of side effects with 6% CO2 concentration and an equivalent vasoreactivity to 4%. We recommend the use of 4% CO2 for hypercapnic stimulation, and present safety guidelines for its use.
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Westerhoff, Martin. "Sports Car Powertrains No Greater CO2 Challenge." MTZ worldwide 77, no. 11 (October 14, 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-016-0141-z.

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Green, J. E. "Civil aviation and the environmental challenge." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1072 (June 2003): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013579.

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Abstract In the coming century, the impact of air travel on the environment will become an increasingly powerful influence on aircraft design. Unless the impact per passenger kilometre can be reduced substantially relative to today’s levels, environmental factors will increasingly limit the expansion of air travel and the social benefit that it brings. This essay considers the three main impacts, noise, air pollution around airports and influence on climate change. Of the three, impact on climate change is taken to have the greatest long-term importance and is discussed at the greatest length. It is argued that, of the three main contributors to climate change from aircraft – CO2 emissions, NOX emissions and the creation of persistent contrails – it is the last two which are the most promising targets. Ways of reducing the impacts of these two are discussed and it is noted that, in each case, the best environmental result is likely to entail some increase in CO2 emissions. It follows that regulatory or economic measures to reduce impact on climate should be framed so as to do just that. Measures framed purely in terms of CO2 emissions are likely to be counter-productive. Nevertheless, the design of aircraft to reduce fuel burn and hence CO2 emission remains a key long-term objective; the essay considers the potential offered by new technology and new design concepts in this arena.
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Valença, Alexandre M., Antonio Egidio Nardi, Isabella Nascimento, Walter A. Zin, and Márcio Versiani. "Carbon dioxide test as an additional clinical measure of treatment response in panic disorder." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60, no. 2B (June 2002): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2002000300003.

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OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine if a treatment with a dose of clonazepam - 2 mg/day, for 6 weeks, blocks spontaneous panic attacks and the ones induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) in panic disorder (PD) patients. The CO2 challenge-test may be a useful addition tool for measuring the pharmacological response during the initial phase (6 weeks) in the treatment of PD. METHOD: Eighteen PD patients drug free for a week participated in a carbon dioxide challenge test. Fourteen had a panic attack and were openly treated for a 6-week period with clonazepam. At the end of the 6-week period they were submitted again to the CO2 challenge test. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of treatment with clonazepam, 12 of 14 PD patients (85.7%) did not have a panic attack after the CO2 challenge test. Just 2 of 14 patients (14.3%) had a panic attack after the CO2 challenge test. Ten of 14 (71.4%) PD patients had panic free status after clonazepam treatment. The 2 patients who had a panic attack in the sixth week, after the CO2 test, did not have panic free status after the treatment with clonazepam. CONCLUSION: The CO2-test may be a valid tool for testing and predicting the drug response.
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Morland, Bjørn H., Gaute Svenningsen, and Arne Dugstad. "The Challenge of Monitoring Impurity Content of CO2 Streams." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040570.

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Carbon capture and storage has gained increased attention during the last decade, and several full-scale projects are currently being planned. From economic and public acceptance point of view it is important to ensure that the transportation system is operated in a safe manner, avoiding threats such as corrosion or formation of solid matters. Thus, routine chemical analyses are required to ensure that the CO2 stream complies with the required specifications. The CO2 will usually be transported in the liquid or supercritical state (high pressure), which makes the practicalities around chemical analyses difficult. Phase transition from liquid or supercritical state to gaseous state may also introduce several physiochemical effects that may affect the analyses. This paper discusses technical and practical challenges with CO2 stream analyses experienced in a joint industry project that studied corrosion and chemical reactions in a simulated CO2 transport system.
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Pols, Henk J., Roos C. Hauzer, Jaap A. Meijer, Kees Verburg, and Eric J. Griez. "Fluvoxamine Attenuates Panic Induced by 35% CO2 Challenge." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 57, no. 11 (November 15, 1996): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v57n1107.

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Wolff, Eric, Christoph Kull, Jerome Chappellaz, Hubertus Fischer, Heinz Miller, Thomas F. Stocker, Andrew J. Watson, et al. "Modeling past atmospheric CO2: Results of a challenge." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, no. 38 (2005): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo380003.

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Perna, Giampaolo, Barbara Barbini, Silvia Cocchi, Angelo Bertani, and Mariangela Gasperini. "35% CO2 challenge in panic and mood disorders." Journal of Affective Disorders 33, no. 3 (March 1995): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(94)00088-q.

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Rising, Bruce. "CO2 Seen as Multidecade Challenge for Power Industry." Natural Gas & Electricity 35, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.22080.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Kanco, David. "Transmedia education on carbon capture and storage technology : The case of the CO2 degrees challenge." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54648.

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The master’s thesis addresses the transmedia education strategies applied in the CO2 degrees challenge, a project by the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI), dedicated to educating students about the low-carbon technology carbon capture and storage (CCS). Based on the literature review, the thesis theoretically discusses the public perception of low-carbon technology and carbon capture and storage in connection to transmedia storytelling and education. The thesis is structured upon a qualitative approach and conducts a detailed study of a selected single case. In addition, expert interviews are used to support the in-depth analysis of the case study with the use of the transmedia design analytical and operational model by Gambarato et al. (2020). The analysis provides insights into how this technical process was presented to the educators and students and identifies challenges and opportunities of the transmedia education project in the realm of low-carbon technologies. The results of the study show that the CO2 degrees challenge offered a significant contribution to the knowledge dissemination about the CCS technology among students, helped them to understand current problems, and to discuss real-time solutions. The results also point to the challenge of communicating a scientific and engineering topic with the audience outside of the technological and engineering industry, the complicated structure of the project, and difficulties connected with possible financial interests of the private companies supporting and funding the educational material and the project itself.
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Wallace, Rachel E. "Synchrony and concordance: A multilevel analysis of the effects of individual differences during a CO2 challenge." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4873.

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Emotion theories posit that emotion systems (e.g., behavior, self-report, physiology) should be related when an emotion is being elicited because this serves an adaptive purpose and allows the individual to respond appropriately to the present situation. Oftentimes, this coherent relationship is not found, and research has hypothesized that the type of analyses used and lack of examination of individual differences could be affecting this relationship. Most studies examine the relationship between emotion systems between-subjects when within-subjects analyses may be more appropriate. The present study examined the relationship between self-reported distress (SUDS) and heart rate, and whether trait differences of anxiety sensitivity and heart rate variability affect that relationship. Undergraduate students (N = 294) completed an anxiety sensitivity measure and their heart rate variability was calculated prior to undergoing a 7.5% CO2 challenge. SUDS was collected 11 times throughout the challenge and heart rate was collected continuously. Consistent with studies examining both concordance (between-subjects correlation between systems) and synchrony (within-subjects correlation between systems), synchrony was found between heart rate and SUDS, but concordance was not found between the two variables. Contrary to our hypotheses, neither anxiety sensitivity nor heart rate variability predicted synchrony between heart rate and SUDS. Our results suggest that synchrony is a more appropriate measure of adaptive emotional response than concordance because synchrony allows for examination of coordination of emotion systems over time.
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ZHAO, YANG, and LEI WU. "Driving Force and Challenge of Developing Low-Carbon Economy in China." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8015.

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With the growth of population and development of the global economy, the unrestrained use of natural and energy resources have seriously influenced environment and economy of world. Many people start to realize the serious environmental problems that come from the high energy utilizations, especially of high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. So Low-Carbon Economy has become focus of attention around the world; it also has become every country‟s strategic goals for future development under this global situation.As the biggest country of CO2 emissions in the world, China‟s development of Low-Carbon Economy is increasingly influencing the economy and environmental development in the world, and the country has faced more and more pressure after United Nations Climate Change Conference, 2009. Transition to Low-Carbon Economy is essential road for China, whether respond to the threat of climate change or balance domestic economic development with environmental sustainability. However, China also faces lots of challenges and pressure in the process of transition to Low-Carbon Economy.This thesis combines quantitative method with qualitative methods to do a research about driving force and challenges of developing Low-Carbon Economy in China. Firstly, it discusses the driving forces for China to develop Low-Caron Economy from two aspects-pressures and benefits. Secondly, it investigates challenges that China is likely to face in Low-Carbon Economy development from energy and economic aspect. Finally, it uses cause and effect diagram to explain the bottlenecks of Low-Carbon Economy development in China.Our conclusion is that China faces the bottleneck between challenges and driving force to develop Low-Carbon Economy. And this situation was caused by national actual situations and conditions in China. This explains also why China requested in Copenhagen Conference that “developing countries take appropriated measures to emission control and reduction in terms of receiving the funding and technology support from developed countries. Those emission reduction actions should be done according to the national actual situations and conditions.”
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Richey, John Anthony. "Cognitive control of acute symptoms during a 35% CO2 challenge development of a construct relevant to information processing models of anxiety /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07132009-121008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.
Advisor: Norman B. Schmidt, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on Nov. 2, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 88 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Elmer, Carl-Friedrich [Verfasser], Christian von [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirschhausen, Christian von [Gutachter] Hirschhausen, and Georg [Gutachter] Meran. "The economics of vehicle CO2 emissions standards and fuel economy regulations : rationale, design, and the electrification challenge / Carl-Friedrich Elmer ; Gutachter: Christian von Hirschhausen, Georg Meran ; Betreuer: Christian von Hirschhausen." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156274273/34.

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VITALI, MATTEO. "Thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic challenges associated with the transport of CO2 via pipelines." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/299669.

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The emissions related to the human activities that led to greenhouse effect can be related, but not limited to, the carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is claimed as a solid climate mitigation strategy in particular for the most challenging missions. The development of an international CO2 transportation network is considered a necessary cross-cutting topic in the Carbon Capture and Storage sector. Indeed, the development of large-scale CCUS projects will require the management and transport of CO2 in the presence of impurities and with lower costs. The accuracy of modelling CO2 in the presence of other components needs to be further assessed and lots of thermodynamic aspects of CO2 management are still object of debate and research. In this work the thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic challenges associated with the transport of CO2 via pipelines have been investigated. A complete and critical review of the main thermodynamics aspects involved during the transport of CO2 at high-pressure has been presented. The aspects related to risk and safety of CO2 pipelines have been deeply analysed with specific focus on the modelling of accidental releases with computational fluid dynamic and simplified models. Furthermore, an assessment of the most suitable equations of state for the accurate modelling of CO2 in presence of impurities is also proposed with quantitative and qualitative conclusions. Moreover, the transient transport phenomena involved for the transport of dense-phase CO2 have been analysed experimentally and numerically. Horizontal depressurization behaviour have been modelled with numerical thermofluid-dynamic simulations and validated against experimental data obtained from high-resolution measurements on a state-of-the-art large scale laboratory. This work includes also some experimental activity performed for the study of vertical flows in CO2 pipes for injection and the development of a data extraction and processing tool. Finally, the simulation of running shear fracture and its implication in CO2 have been also discussed and a tool for the simulation of decompression in CO2-rich mixtures has been developed and validated.
Le emissioni legate alle attività umane che hanno portato all'effetto serra sono attribuibili alle emissioni di anidride carbonica. La cattura, utilizzo e stoccaggio dell’anidride carbonica (CCUS) è considerata una solida strategia di mitigazione del clima, in particolare per le missioni più impegnative. Lo sviluppo di una rete di trasporto internazionale di CO2 è considerato un tema trasversale necessario nel settore della cattura e dello stoccaggio del carbonio. Infatti, lo sviluppo di progetti CCUS su larga scala richiederà la gestione e il trasporto di CO2 in presenza di impurità e con costi inferiori. L'accuratezza della modellazione della CO2 in presenza di altri componenti deve essere ulteriormente valutata e molti aspetti termodinamici della gestione della CO2 sono ancora oggetto di dibattito e ricerca. In questo lavoro sono state studiate le sfide termodinamiche e fluidodinamiche associate al trasporto di CO2 tramite condotte. È stata presentata una rassegna completa e critica dei principali aspetti termodinamici coinvolti nel trasporto di CO2 ad alta pressione. Gli aspetti relativi al rischio e alla sicurezza delle condotte di CO2 sono stati approfonditi con focus specifico sulla modellazione dei rilasci accidentali con modelli fluidodinamici computazionali e semplificati. Viene inoltre proposta, con conclusioni quantitative e qualitative, una valutazione delle equazioni di stato più idonee per la modellizzazione accurata della CO2 in presenza di impurità. Sono stati altresì analizzati sperimentalmente e numericamente i fenomeni di trasporto transitorio coinvolti nel trasporto di CO2 in fase densa. Il comportamento della depressurizzazione orizzontale è stato modellato con simulazioni termofluidodinamiche numeriche e convalidato rispetto a dati sperimentali ottenuti da misurazioni ad alta risoluzione su un laboratorio all'avanguardia su larga scala. Questo lavoro comprende anche alcune attività sperimentali svolte per lo studio dei flussi verticali nei tubi di CO2 per l'iniezione e lo sviluppo di uno strumento di estrazione ed elaborazione dati. Infine, è stata discussa anche la simulazione della frattura duttile e la sua implicazione nella CO2 ed è stato sviluppato e validato uno strumento per la simulazione della decompressione in miscele ricche di CO2.
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Chalmers, Hannah. "Opportunities and challenges for flexible operation of pulverised coal power plants with CO2 capture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525154.

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Strefler, Jessica [Verfasser], Ottmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Edenhofer, Elmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kriegler, Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Luderer, and Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Brecha. "Challenges for low stabilization of climate change : the complementarity of non-CO2 greenhouse gas and aerosol abatement to CO2 emission reductions / Jessica Strefler. Gutachter: Ottmar Edenhofer ; Robert Brecha. Betreuer: Ottmar Edenhofer ; Elmar Kriegler ; Gunnar Luderer." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067387250/34.

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Pereira, Pedro Manuel Afonso. "Viabilidade económico-financeira do projecto da Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados de Longa Duração e Manutenção da Fundação COI : estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6842.

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RESUMO - Este trabalho consiste numa análise sobre a viabilidade económico-financeira do projecto de construção de uma Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados de Longa Duração e Manutenção pela Fundação COI, que pretende ser uma resposta adequada à diversidade de fenómenos que têm origem no envelhecimento populacional, inserindo-se no modelo de prestação de cuidados de saúde e apoio social preconizado pela Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados. Em termos estruturais, numa primeira fase, o trabalho faz uma análise sobre o estado da arte dos cuidados continuado, nomeadamente através da sua conceptualização e enquadramento, focando os aspectos e características da RNCCI, nomeadamente os aspectos relacionados com a sustentabilidade financeira e os desafios futuros que este sector da saúde se confronta. Numa segunda fase, o trabalho apresenta o projecto de investimento alvo do estudo de caso, mediante o enquadramento histórico e caracterização da Fundação COI, sendo descrita especificamente a tipologia de longa duração e manutenção e o projecto em termos da sua estrutura física e humana. Numa terceira fase, o trabalho estuda a racionalidade do projecto de investimento, através da análise económico-financeira. Tendo-se concluído, com a utilização de indicadores de avaliação e decisão de investimentos, que a ULDM, é viável. Deve-se contudo ter em conta que a sua viabilidade é sensível a hipotéticas alterações de cenários, nomeadamente perante diferentes taxas de ocupação ou alteração do modelo de pagamento. ----------------------- ABSTRACT - This paper consists on analyzing the economical and financial viability of a project of Integrated Continuous Cares on Long-Term and Maintenance Unit (LTMU), managed by COI Foundation, that can create a correct social answer on the various aspects and phenomenon’s that have their origin in an aged population. This kind of project belongs in the role model of social and health cares of the National Network of Integrated Continuous Cares (NNICC). In a first stage the paper is focused on the analysis of the state of the present services of the continuous cares in Portugal, more concretely of his conceptualization and social frame, putting under the lights the aspects and characteristics of the NNICC, more closely the parts related to their financial sustainability and the challenges that this health sector faces nowadays. The next stage is about the investment project applied to this case-study, given his social and historical frame and attending to the specific characteristics of the COI Foundation. It’s also describing its specific LTMU typology under the involved physic and human structure. Finally this paper study the investment project rationality trough scientific methods like its economic–financial analysis. The conclusion, using decision and evaluation procedures that lead to financial indicators, is that the LTMU, is viable. However, the viability of the project is sensible to an hypothetical change of scenario, namely with different rates of change of occupation or type of payment.
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Schintler, Laurie A., and Manfred M. Fischer. "Big Data and Regional Science: Opportunities, Challenges, and Directions for Future Research." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6122/1/Fischer_etal_2018_Big%2Ddata.pdf.

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Recent technological, social, and economic trends and transformations are contributing to the production of what is usually referred to as Big Data. Big Data, which is typically defined by four dimensions -- Volume, Velocity, Veracity, and Variety -- changes the methods and tactics for using, analyzing, and interpreting data, requiring new approaches for data provenance, data processing, data analysis and modeling, and knowledge representation. The use and analysis of Big Data involves several distinct stages from "data acquisition and recording" over "information extraction" and "data integration" to "data modeling and analysis" and "interpretation", each of which introduces challenges that need to be addressed. There also are cross-cutting challenges, which are common challenges that underlie many, sometimes all, of the stages of the data analysis pipeline. These relate to "heterogeneity", "uncertainty", "scale", "timeliness", "privacy" and "human interaction". Using the Big Data analysis pipeline as a guiding framework, this paper examines the challenges arising in the use of Big Data in regional science. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future activities to realize the possibilities and potential for Big Data in regional science.
Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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Books on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Affairs, Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General for Economic and Financial. The climate challenge: Economic aspects of the Community's strategy for limiting CO2 emissions. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.

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Linz), Austrian-Hungarian Informatics Conference (9th 1994 University of. Workflow management: Challenges, paradigms, and products : CON '94. Wien: Oldenbourg, 1994.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Lone-parent families: The economic challenge. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1990.

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The Hispanic challenge: Opportunities confronting the church. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press, 1993.

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Co-management challenges in the Lake Victoria fisheries: A context approach. Stockholm: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2010.

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Clyde, Wilson Douglas, Nielsen Jesper Raakjær, and Degnbol Poul, eds. The fisheries co-management experience: Accomplishments, challenges, and prospects. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2003.

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Canada. Library of Parliament. Research Branch. International humanitarian responses to crises and conflicts: Current challenges. Ottawa: Library of Parliament, 1995.

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Kiichiro, Fukasaku, Plummer Michael G. 1959-, Tan Loong-Hoe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., and ASEAN, eds. OECD and ASEAN economies: The challenge of policy coherence. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1995.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. The export credit arrangement: Achievements and challenges 1978-1998. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998.

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Coulombe, Françoise. The agency for cultural and technical cooperation: Meeting new challenges. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Nicholson, Charles C. "Industry Response to the CO2 Challenge." In Challenges of a Changing Earth, 65–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19016-2_10.

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Dale, Virginia H. "Terrestrial CO2 Flux: The Challenge of Interdisciplinary Research." In Effects of Land-Use Change on Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations, 1–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8363-5_1.

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Teske, Sven, and Thomas Pregger. "Science-Based Industry Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Targets: Defining the Challenge." In Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 9–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99177-7_2.

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AbstractBackground information is given on the Paris Climate Agreement and the role of nationally determined contributions and net-zero pledges. An overview of historical energy-related CO2 emissions since 1750 and how they relate to economic development, measured in gross domestic product (GDP), is provided, together with the cumulative energy-related CO2 emissions by region. The future energy demand if historical trends in energy efficiency and carbon intensity continue until 2050 is projected. The term ‘science-based target setting’ is defined, and how it relates to the carbon budget published in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC is discussed. The energy-related CO2 emission pathway required to achieve the 1.5 °C target is outlined.
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Moradi, Farshad, and Audrey P. Fan. "Perfusion PET and Cerebrovascular Reactivity with Acetazolamide Versus CO2 Challenge." In Hybrid PET/MR Neuroimaging, 827–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82367-2_69.

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Chitlaru, Theodor, Orit Gat, Galia Zaide, Haim Grosfeld, Izhak Inbar, Sharon Ehrlich, Moshe Leitner, Ofer Cohen, and Avigdor Shafferman. "Proteomic Studies of Bacillus anthracis Reveal In Vitro CO2-Modulation and Expression During Infection of Extracellular Proteases." In The Challenge of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, 11–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9054-6_2.

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Unnerstall, Thomas. "The Most Important Challenge Is: Switching from Fossil to CO2-Free Energy Sources." In Factfulness Sustainability, 13–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65558-0_2.

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Martin, Andrew J., and Martin J. D. Kirk. "Sustainability and Bridges." In Sustainable Structural Engineering, 111–40. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.111.

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<p>How should bridges be considered with regard to sustainability? Should it be by maximizing the use of recycled materials and minimizing CO2 emissions and the use of water? Alternatively, should it be by taking its impacts on local communities during their planning and execution into account? Or, might it be by designing bridges to minimize the need for maintenance and repair during their intended service lives? None of these approaches is necessarily right or wrong, but none on its own suffi ciently addresses the breadth and complexity of the challenge posed by sustainability and sustainable thinking to all those involved with bridges—as owners, designers, constructors, maintainers, and users.</p>
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Kaneko, Shinji. "Economy, Energy, and CO2 Emissions." In Climate Change Policies and Challenges in Indonesia, 3–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55994-8_1.

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Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Ravinder Kaushik, and Aditi Halder. "Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction: Perspective and Challenges." In Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69023-6_89-1.

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Hatfield, Jerry L., and John H. Prueger. "Challenge for Future Agriculture." In Crop Wild Relatives and Climate Change, 24–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118854396.ch2.

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Conference papers on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Gray, Lily, and Stephen Geoffrey Goodyear. "Overcoming the CO2 Supply Challenge for CO2 EOR." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/172105-ms.

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Smith, Liane, Michael Billingham, Chee Hong Lee, Dragan Zivko Milanovic, and Ged Lunt. "CO2 Sequestration Wells - the Lifetime Integrity Challenge." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/136160-ms.

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Gil-Sayas, Susana, Giuseppe Di Pierro, Simone Serra, Georgios Fontaras, Chiara Lodi, and Davide Currò. "Eco-Innovation CO2-Reducing Technologies: Status and Future Challenge." In CO2 Reduction for Transportation Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-37-0031.

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Williams, G. "Applying Reservoir Filling Techniques to the CO2 Storage Modelling Challenge." In Asia Petroleum Geoscience Conference and Exhibition (APGCE). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202270165.

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Sandve, T. H., A. B. Rustad, A. Thune, B. Nazarian, S. Gasda, and A. F. Rasmussen. "Simulators for the Gigaton Storage Challenge. A Benchmark Study on the Regional Smeaheia Model." In EAGE GeoTech 2022 Sixth EAGE Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20224033.

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Christian, Zinke-Wehlmann, and Schlieber Jorg. "Estimate and optimize fuel consumption on vessels to reduce CO2 impact of fishery." In 2021 Reconciling Data Analytics, Automation, Privacy, and Security: A Big Data Challenge (RDAAPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rdaaps48126.2021.9452003.

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Lieboldt, Matthias, Wiebke Seifert, and Matthias Tietze. "Resource consumption in construction as a global challenge." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0992.

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<p>The construction industry plays a central role in the design of our environment. Global population growth is associated with an increase in material resource consumption and CO2 emissions. Sustainable ideas and developments to reduce the need for resources and CO2 emissions as well as to increase the service life of buildings are becoming more important. Carbon Concrete Composite – C³ is made of a high-tensile reinforcement with carbon fibers and concrete is particularly convincing due to its high durability and long service life. In practice, its suitability has already been proven in numerous projects, so that carbon reinforced concrete is an integral part of research and application. The selected example illustrates the potential of carbon concrete construction. For this purpose, a material-related and systemic comparison of steel and carbon reinforced concrete is carried out using the example of a carbon reinforced concrete bridge.</p>
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Toempromraj, Wararit, CW Graham Grant, Chakrit Chanpen, Kittipat Wejwittayaklung, Pornchuda Konganuntragul, Parthasarathi Bandyopadhyay, Noppadon Kosiri, et al. "Old Field, New Well: Well Design Challenge for Long-Terms CO2 Storage in a Depleted Field." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209861-ms.

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Abstract Interest in CCS project development is accelerating in SE Asia, driven by the need to monetize emission-intensive assets in the region while complying with increasingly ambitious GHG emissions targets. Depleted hydrocarbon fields represent an attractive storage option for early CCS project due the enhanced understanding of the reservoir, its dynamic behavior, and proven storage capability. Re-use of existing infrastructure also presents the potential to reduce both project costs and time to first injection, however, these brownfield sites also carry significant risk to the long-term, safe containment of injected CO2 through risk of leakage via legacy wells. A methodology is presented in this paper to investigate the risk-reward balance of developing a depleted gas field as a storage site in the Gulf of Thailand. A screening process to assess all abandoned, suspended, and active wells is used to identify wells with re-use potential as CO2 injectors or CO2 plume monitoring wells, and those which represent a leakage risk to the project. A set of legacy well risk identifiers is generated for the field based on well construction records, descriptions of current well barriers, well utilization history, and current best practice guidelines. Southeast Asia has significant remaining reserves of oil and gas, and coal, and an active liquefied natural gas (LNG) export industry. The region's energy demand is increasing rapidly and is forecast to continue to grow over the next decades (World Economic Forum, 2019). To date, fossil fuels have supplied nearly 90% of this growth in the demand for energy in the region (IEA, 2021). To meet this growing energy demand, several new gas projects are under development across Southeast Asia, but many of these are associated with high CO2 gas fields where the produced gas contains significant (up to 70% by volume) CO2 (GCCSI, 2020). In Thailand, where nearly 94% of the primary energy is met by fossil fuels (BP Statistical Review, 2022), the energy sector represents the biggest contributor (74% in 2013) to the country's greenhouse gas emissions (GHG; UNFCCC, 2020). However, as per the nationally determined contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Thailand intends to reduce its GHG emissions by at least 20% from projected business as usual levels by the year 2030 (UNFCCC, 2020). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one option to help meet this increased demand in fossil energy while also reducing GHG emissions. An approach which is gaining traction across the region is to utilize the high concentrations of CO2 stripped out of the raw gas streams at gas processing plants and, instead of venting to atmosphere, the CO2 can be compressed, dehydrated, and transported to suitable long-term storage locations. Depleted oil and gas fields form an attractive opportunity for long-term storage of CO2 due to the wealth of both static and dynamic knowledge available from appraisal through production activities. Depleted fields also have the advantage that they have a working primary seal for hydrocarbons, which has been proven over geological time and so can be considered, in general, to carry low risk of leakage through geological means. Brownfield sites can, however, also represent a challenge to project success through an increased risk to the containment of the injected CO2 due to the presence of legacy wells. These existing wells represent a variable risk to containment depending on well age and type, well history, well design, and plug and abandonment methodology applied. This paper presents the outcomes of a CO2 storage feasibility study for a depleted gas-condensate field in the Gulf of Thailand. The main aims of the study were to:1) identify the project risk associated with the integrity of the field legacy wells, and 2) to evaluate the potential for well re-use for the CO2 injection project. Reusing an existing field offers new life to an otherwise end-of-life asset, inching towards decommissioning and site closure. As commercial scale CO2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon fields represents a ‘First of a Kind’ project, the feasibility study is designed to evaluate the current status of the field and surface facilities with respect to CO2 injection and long-term storage. As a feasibility study, the focus of the technical work was to identify any ‘showstoppers’ which might indicate that the selected site was not suitable for long-term CO2 storage and, if sufficient positive storage indicators were identified, to select the most appropriate options for progression into a Concept Selection study in which more detailed engineering studies will be completed.
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Olugunwa, Babafemi, Julia Race, Ahmet Yurtseven, and Tahsin Tezdogan. "Investigation of Near-Field Temperature Distribution in Buried Dense Phase CO2 Pipelines." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-65310.

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Abstract Buried pipelines transporting dense phase Carbon dioxide CO2 are crucial to carbon reduction and climate change mitigating technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). One of the major challenges for optimum pipeline operating conditions is to avoid phase change of the compressed CO2 and maintain temperature and pressure above the critical point throughout the pipeline route. A suitable pipe-soil heat transfer model during design can mitigate this challenge. However, variations in annual ambient temperatures, ground temperature at pipeline burial depth and soil temperature profile behaviors with seasonal climatic conditions especially during winter and summer periods also affect the heat transfer process between the soil burial medium and the CO2 pipeline. Assuming steady state, this paper investigates the nearfield temperature distribution up to 3m lateral distance away from a buried dense phase CO2 pipeline by numerical simulation with a two-dimensional pipe-soil heat transfer model at a burial depth of 2.3m to pipe center using a finite volume computational code. Results show that thermal parameters such as thermal conductivity and the soil temperature profile influence the heat exchange between pipe walls and porous soil medium. Consequently, this study shows that the near-field temperature distribution and effect of heat around a buried CO2 pipeline diminishes with distance and burial depth further away within the immediate vicinity of the pipeline.
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Stein, Arthur, and Carl Perkins. "Materials Selection and Design Issues for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Power Systems." In ASME 2014 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2014-1035.

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Current materials and designs limit the service life of key components in supercritical CO2 power cycles. There are few economical materials which have a long term track record operating in the creep range that can support a practical and economical plant design. This paper outlines some of the specific materials and design limitations that challenge the economical implementation of this technology and proposes design approaches that may be more practical and economical. Paper published with permission.
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Reports on the topic "CO2 challenge"

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Ruppert-Stroescu, Mary. Waterfall: A co-design challenge. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-729.

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Johnson, Aaron N., Rodney A. Bryant, Tamae Maeda Wong, James R. Whetstone, Toralf Dietz, Donald Giel, David Elam Jr., et al. Measurement Challenges and Metrology for Monitoring CO2 Emissions from Smokestacks – Workshop Summary. National Institute of Standards and Technology, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1201.

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Walker, Matthew, Matthew Walker, Alan Michael Kruizenga, Alan Michael Kruizenga, Philippe F. Weck, Philippe F. Weck, Elizabeth Ann Withey, et al. Progress in Overcoming Materials Challenges with Supercritical CO2 Recompression Closed Brayton Cycles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561836.

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Prusky, Dov, Noel Keen, and Rolf Christoffersen. Involvement of Epicatechin in the Regulation of Natural Resistance of Avocado Fruit against Postharvest Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7613028.bard.

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In this project it was found that the activation of the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides depends on the increase of the level of the preformed antifungal diene. This increase is regulated by the synthesis of the flavonoid epicatechin present in the fruit peel. Epicatechin is an inhibitor of the enzyme lipoxygenase whose activity catalyze the breakdown of the antifungal diene. Increase in epicatechin concentration inhibits the breakdown of the antifungal compound and since the compound is continuously synthesized, both combined processes result in the increase of the antifungal level. Biotic and abiotic elicitors affecting the mechanism of resistance, all activate the synthesis of epicatechin. As abiotic elicitors were tested wounding, ethylene and CO2 treatments. As biotic elicitors were tested challenge inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum magna (a non pathogen of avocado) and also non pathogenic strain of C. magna. In all the cases activation of the key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway is followed by an enhance in the level of epicatechin and the antifungal diene. In order to determine the level of regulation by the different elicitors of the mechanism, the genes encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway were cloned and it was found that the different elicitors regulate the expression of those genes at a translational level. Modulation of the mechanism of resistance could also be done by activation of lipoxygenase gene expression. For this purpose lipoxygenase from avocado was cloned and its over-expression, under the effect of methyl jasmonate, determined.
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Walker, Matthew S., Alan Michael Kruizenga, Philippe F. Weck, Elizabeth Ann Withey, and Darryn D. Fleming. Progress in Overcoming Materials Challenges with S-CO2 RCBCs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340664.

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Acosta Restrepo, Patricia, and Clara Isabel Gómez García. Elusive Urban - Regional Governance: The Sustainable Development Challenge of Megacities in Latin America. Universidad del Rosario, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/issne.2745-2085_10336.37999_feipu.

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Cuatro de las megaciudades del mundo se han consolidado en la región de América Latina (LatAm): Ciudad de México, Sao Paulo, Río de Janeiro y Buenos Aires, mientras que hay dos más en proceso: Lima y Bogotá. Estas grandes aglomeraciones urbanas no solo son motores económicos nacionales esenciales de gran importancia demográfica; pero se han extendido a las ciudades-región que encarnan los desafíos de desarrollo más agudos: degradación ambiental, ineficiencia de los recursos, exclusión social, desigualdad de ingresos, empobrecimiento, inseguridad, violencia, vulnerabilidad social y económica al cambio climático y los correspondientes problemas de habitabilidad. En resumen, las megaciudades de LatAm están lidiando con los impactos acumulativos y los bucles de retroalimentación de megaproblemas que han sido descuidados durante mucho tiempo. Este documento explora las estrategias o arreglos institucionales utilizados para enfrentar los problemas de desarrollo de estas ciudades y ciudades-región y las prácticas de gobernanza implícitas en diferentes enfoques utilizados para gestionar sectores clave. Una revisión de estudios y casos comparativos existentes, complementada con varias entrevistas con expertos locales, sugiere que los contextos nacionales políticos, administrativos y legales específicos definen en gran medida las opciones para abordar formalmente estos desafíos a una escala geográfica adecuada. Sin embargo, nuestro análisis destaca tres problemas para superar los obstáculos políticos e institucionales, que dificultan la planificación integrada, las políticas coordinadas y las inversiones a escala de megaciudad, y la implementación limitada de esquemas formales de gestión integrada, como áreas metropolitanas, para abordar los problemas dentro y fuera de las metrópolis de manera efectiva. La evaluación sugiere que ambas situaciones han promovido el surgimiento de arreglos alternativos, a veces informales, paralelos de gobernanza de redes entre una diversidad de partes interesadas.
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Goldemberg, Diana, James Genone, and Scott Wisor. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Minerva's Co-op Model: A Pathway to Closing the Skills Gap. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002633.

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Bridging the skills gap is necessary to increase productivity and equity. In Latin America and the Caribbean, this challenge has manifested in high rates of youth unemployment, informality, and inactivity. Traditional higher education has struggled to respond to this challenge, with rising costs limiting access and poor outcomes forcing students to question the value of a university degree. In this paper, we explore a model for collaboration between higher education providers and employers designed to overcome these challenges. In this co-op model, students earn a bachelors degree in three years, while also working part-time during the second and third years. This model provides students with the foundational skills and knowledge needed to become broad, interdisciplinary thinkers, while also giving them valuable work experience for which they earn credit while pursuing their degree. Economic constraints are addressed by students degrees being partly subsidized by an employer, who benefits by easily hiring employees who can fill their most critical human resource needs.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.

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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Paternina Blanco, Joshua, Elisabeth Windisch, Stephen Perkins, Asuka Ito, and Jonathan Leape. Open configuration options Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities: A Review of Policies and Key Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003987.

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This report is the first output of the Decarbonising Transport in Latin American Cities project (DTLA), developed jointly by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the International Transport Forum (ITF-OECD). As a result of this initiative, this first report describes a review of policies and key mobility challenges to deliver on a sustainable transport system. A second report provides a quantitative assessment tool that allows assessing the impact of transport CO2 reduction actions and respective scenarios to 2050. Both reports facilitate policy dialogue across all relevant stakeholders and supports peer learning and best practice exchange between the case study cities and beyond. Moreover, the reports bring out the need for rethinking decarbonization policies to consider their potential for achieving other benefits related with improving the quality of the transport services, closing gender equality gaps, and improving financial sustainability of current business models.
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García Zaballos, Antonio, Pau Puig Gabarró, and Enrique Iglesias Rodriguez. Digital Infrastructure in Trinidad and Tobago: Analysis, Challenges, and Action Plan. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003997.

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This document presents an analysis of the state of digital connectivity in Trinidad and Tobago and an action plan to close the existing gap between the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean and those of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. There is also a large gap within the country between urban, densely populated regions and rural, remote, or difficult-to-access regions. Among the impediments to closing the gap are: lack of investment in infrastructure in the most remote areas; limited bandwidth of citizens, institutions and companies that are far from this infrastructure; and lack of competition among internet companies. The government is making efforts in the areas of a universal service fund, spectrum management, and the formulation of the national ICT plan to improve access conditions in the country. Finally, the document estimates the investment gap in the region and in Trinidad and Tobago specifically.
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