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Journal articles on the topic 'CO2 capture and conversion'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Sullivan, Ian, Andrey Goryachev, Ibadillah A. Digdaya, Xueqian Li, Harry A. Atwater, David A. Vermaas, and Chengxiang Xiang. "Coupling electrochemical CO2 conversion with CO2 capture." Nature Catalysis 4, no. 11 (November 2021): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00699-7.

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2

Tian, Sicong, Feng Yan, Zuotai Zhang, and Jianguo Jiang. "Calcium-looping reforming of methane realizes in situ CO2 utilization with improved energy efficiency." Science Advances 5, no. 4 (April 2019): eaav5077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5077.

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Closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle is one important strategy to combat climate change, and requires the chemistry to effectively combine CO2 capture with its conversion. Here, we propose a novel in situ CO2 utilization concept, calcium-looping reforming of methane, to realize the capture and conversion of CO2 in one integrated chemical process. This process couples the calcium-looping CO2 capture and the CH4 dry reforming reactions in the CaO-Ni bifunctional sorbent-catalyst, where the CO2 captured by CaO is reduced in situ by CH4 to CO, a reaction catalyzed by catalyzed by the adjacent metallic Ni. The process coupling scheme exhibits excellent decarbonation kinetics by exploiting Le Chatelier’s principle to shift reaction equilibrium through continuous conversion of CO2, and results in an energy consumption 22% lower than that of conventional CH4 dry reforming for CO2 utilization. The proposed CO2 utilization concept offers a promising option to recycle carbon directly at large CO2 stationary sources in an energy-efficient manner.
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3

L. de Miranda, Jussara, Luiza C. de Moura, Heitor Breno P. Ferreira, and Tatiana Pereira de Abreu. "The Anthropocene and CO2: Processes of Capture and Conversion." Revista Virtual de Química 10, no. 6 (2018): 1915–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20180123.

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4

Sullivan, Ian, Andrey Goryachev, Ibadillah A. Digdaya, Xueqian Li, Harry A. Atwater, David A. Vermaas, and Chengxiang Xiang. "Author Correction: Coupling electrochemical CO2 conversion with CO2 capture." Nature Catalysis 5, no. 1 (January 2022): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00734-1.

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5

Zhang, Kexin, Dongfang Guo, Xiaolong Wang, Ye Qin, Lin Hu, Yujia Zhang, Ruqiang Zou, and Shiwang Gao. "Sustainable CO2 management through integrated CO2 capture and conversion." Journal of CO2 Utilization 72 (June 2023): 102493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102493.

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6

Maniam, Kranthi Kumar, Madhuri Maniam, Luis A. Diaz, Hari K. Kukreja, Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, Vikas Kumar, Panos Seferlis, and Shiladitya Paul. "Progress in Electrodeposited Copper Catalysts for CO2 Conversion to Valuable Products." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041148.

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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is a key area of research for CO2 abatement. To that end, CO2 capture, transport and storage has accrued several decades of development. However, for successful implementation of CCUS, utilisation or conversion of CO2 to valuable products is important. Electrochemical conversion of the captured CO2 to desired products provides one such route. This technique requires a cathode “electrocatalyst” that could favour the desired product selectivity. Copper (Cu) is unique, the only metal “electrocatalyst” demonstrated to produce C2 products including ethylene. In order to achieve high-purity Cu deposits, electrodeposition is widely acknowledged as a straightforward, scalable and relatively inexpensive method. In this review, we discuss in detail the progress in the developments of electrodeposited copper, oxide/halide-derived copper, copper-alloy catalysts for conversion of CO2 to valuable products along with the future challenges.
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7

Ning, Huanghao, Yongdan Li, and Cuijuan Zhang. "Recent Progress in the Integration of CO2 Capture and Utilization." Molecules 28, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114500.

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CO2 emission is deemed to be mainly responsible for global warming. To reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and to use it as a carbon source, CO2 capture and its conversion into valuable chemicals is greatly desirable. To reduce the transportation cost, the integration of the capture and utilization processes is a feasible option. Here, the recent progress in the integration of CO2 capture and conversion is reviewed. The absorption, adsorption, and electrochemical separation capture processes integrated with several utilization processes, such as CO2 hydrogenation, reverse water–gas shift reaction, or dry methane reforming, is discussed in detail. The integration of capture and conversion over dual functional materials is also discussed. This review is aimed to encourage more efforts devoted to the integration of CO2 capture and utilization, and thus contribute to carbon neutrality around the world.
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8

Kafi, Maedeh, Hamidreza Sanaeepur, and Abtin Ebadi Amooghin. "Grand Challenges in CO2 Capture and Conversion." Journal of Resource Recovery 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jrr.2302-1007.

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9

Hu, Yong, Qian Xu, Yao Sheng, Xueguang Wang, Hongwei Cheng, Xingli Zou, and Xionggang Lu. "The Effect of Alkali Metals (Li, Na, and K) on Ni/CaO Dual-Functional Materials for Integrated CO2 Capture and Hydrogenation." Materials 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 5430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155430.

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Ni/CaO, a low-cost dual-functional material (DFM), has been widely studied for integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation. The core of this dual-functional material should possess both good CO2 capture–conversion performance and structural stability. Here, we synthesized Ni/CaO DFMs modified with alkali metals (Na, K, and Li) through a combination of precipitation and combustion methods. It was found that Na-modified Ni/CaO (Na-Ni/CaO) DFM offered stable CO2 capture–conversion activity over 20 cycles, with a high CO2 capture capacity of 10.8 mmol/g and a high CO2 conversion rate of 60.5% at the same temperature of 650 °C. The enhanced CO2 capture capacity was attributed to the improved surface basicity of Na-Ni/CaO. In addition, the incorporation of Na into DFMs had a favorable effect on the formation of double salts, which shorten the CO2 capture and release process and promoted DFM stability by hindering their aggregation and the sintering of DFMs.
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10

Liu, Lei, Chang-Ce Ke, Tian-Yi Ma, and Yun-Pei Zhu. "When Carbon Meets CO2: Functional Carbon Nanostructures for CO2 Utilization." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16590.

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Major fossil fuel consumption associated with CO2 emission and socioeconomic instability has received much concern within the global community regarding the long-term sustainability and security of these commodities. The capture, sequestration, and conversion of CO2 emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. Nanostructured carbonaceous materials with designed functionality have been extensively used in some key CO2 exploitation processes and techniques, because of their excellent electrical conductivity, chemical/mechanical stability, adjustable chemical compositions, and abundant active sites. This review focuses on a variety of carbonaceous materials, like graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous porous carbons and carbon hybrid composites, which have been demonstrated promising in CO2 capture/separation and conversion (electrocatalysis and photocatalysis) to produce value-added chemicals and fuels. Along with the discussion and concerning synthesis strategies, characterization and conversion and capture/separation techniques employed, we further elaborate the structure-performance relationships in terms of elucidating active sites, reaction mechanisms and kinetics improvement. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of these carbon-based materials for CO2 applications using well-structured carbons are remarked in detail.
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11

Joshi, N., L. Sivachandiran, and A. A. Assadi. "Perspectives in advance technologies/strategies for combating rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere via CO2 utilisation: A review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012020.

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Abstract This review provides exhaustive literature on carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, storage and utilization. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gas, emitted into the atmosphere and has reached an alarming level of well above 400 ppm. The consequences of rising CO2 levels and global warming are visual in day today life such as floods, wildfires, droughts and irregular precipitation cycles. Several reviews, focused on a particular topic, have been published since the 19th century and recently. However, in this review, we have attempted to cover all the CO2 mitigation techniques available for their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed. The blooming technology of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the pros and cons of CO2 capture, transportation and storage techniques are showcased. Interestingly the transportation of captured CO2 to the potential storage sites requires more than 50% of the total energy budget, therefore, this review is dedicated to the onsite CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals. Various technological advancements for CO2 conversion into other products by the solar thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes have been analysed. From the extensive literature, it’s demonstrated that NTP (Non-Thermal Plasma) is one of the emerging techniques for the direct conversion of CO2 into value-added products as it is energetically efficient. The mechanisms of CO2 activation by thermal and NTP-catalysis have been discussed. Moreover, the benefits of DBD to obtain oxygenates like methanol, aldehydes, acids, and hydrocarbons from direct one-pot synthesis are discussed. The production of such value-added chemicals from CO2 is of prime importance as it will be our step towards a carbon-neutral economy which is the need of the hour. This review has also attempted to compare the cost-effectiveness of current existing techniques for CO2 capture and utilized solar to fuel efficiency to compare distinct technologies available for the utilization of CO2 to value-added chemicals.
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12

Rath, Gourav Kumar, Gaurav Pandey, Sakshi Singh, Nadezhda Molokitina, Asheesh Kumar, Sanket Joshi, and Geetanjali Chauhan. "Carbon Dioxide Separation Technologies: Applicable to Net Zero." Energies 16, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 4100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104100.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels play a crucial role in global warming/climate change. The effective removal of CO2 from the point sources or atmosphere (CO2 capture), its conversion to value-added products (CO2 utilization), and long-term geological storage, or CO2 sequestration, has captured the attention of several researchers and policymakers. This review paper illustrates all kinds of CO2 capture/separation processes and the challenges faced in deploying these technologies. This review described the research efforts put forth in gas separation technologies. Recent advances in the existing gas separation technologies have been highlighted, and future directives for commercial deployment have also been outlined.
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13

Brettfeld, Eliza Gabriela, Daria Gabriela Popa, Tănase Dobre, Corina Ioana Moga, Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei, and Florin Oancea. "CO2 Capture Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Integrated with Microalgal Fixation." Clean Technologies 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol6010003.

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In this study, we investigated the use of functionalized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a medium for CO2 capture integrated with CO2 desorption and biofixation in microalgal culture, as an approach for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The newly devised DES formulation—comprising choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and monoethanolamine—demonstrated a significant advancement in CO2 absorption capacity compared with conventional solvents. Effective CO2 desorption from the solvent was also achieved, recovering nearly 90% of the captured CO2. We then examined the application of the functionalized DESs to promote microalgal cultivation using a Chlorella sp. strain. The experimental results indicated that microalgae exposed to DES-desorbed CO2 exhibited heightened growth rates and enhanced biomass production, signifying the potential of DES-driven CO2 capture for sustainable microalgal biomass cultivation. This research contributes to the growing field of CCUS strategies, offering an avenue for efficient CO2 capture and conversion into valuable biomasses, thereby contributing to both environmental sustainability and bioresource use.
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14

Zhang, Shuzhen, Celia Chen, Kangkang Li, Hai Yu, and Fengwang Li. "Materials and system design for direct electrochemical CO2 conversion in capture media." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 35 (2021): 18785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta02751d.

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15

Shcherbyna, Yevhen, Oleksandr Novoseltsev, and Tatiana Evtukhova. "Overview of carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies to ensure low-carbon development of energy systems." System Research in Energy 2022, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2022.02.004.

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Carbon dioxide CO2 is a component of air that is responsible for the growing global warning and greenhouse gases emissions. The energy sector is one of the main sources of CO2 emissions in the world and especially in Ukraine. Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a group of technologies that play a significant role along with renewable energy sources, bioenergy and hydrogen to reduce CO2 emissions and to achieve international climate goals. Nowadays there are thirty-five commercial CCUS facilities under operation around the world with a CO2 capture capacity up to 45 million tons annually. Tougher climate targets and increased investment provide new incentives for CCUS technologies to be applied more widely. CCUS are applications in which CO2 is captured from anthropogenic sources (power generation and industrial processes) and stored in deep geological formations without entering atmosphere or used in various products using technologies without chemical modification or with conversion. The article discusses the use of various technologies of CO2 capture (post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxy-combustion capture), CO2 separation methods and their application in the global energy transition to reduce the carbon capacity of energy systems. Technical and economic indicators of CO2 capture at different efficiencies for coal and gas power plants are given. Technologies of transportation and storage of captured carbon dioxide and their economic indicators are considered. The directions for the alternative uses of captured CO2, among which the main ones are the production of synthetic fuels, various chemicals and building materials, are also presented and described in the paper. The possibility of utilization captured СО2 in the production of synthetic fuel in combination with Power-to-Gas technologies was studied. Keywords: greenhouse gases emissions, fossil fuels, СО2 capture technologies, capture efficiency, synthetic fuel
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16

Acuña-Girault, Adalberto, Ximena Gómez del Campo-Rábago, Marco Antonio Contreras-Ruiz, and Jorge G. Ibanez. "CO2 capture and conversion: A homemade experimental approach." Journal of Technology and Science Education 12, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1610.

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During the SARS-2-Covid pandemic our institution sought to continue the teaching and learning of experimental laboratories by designing, assembling, and delivering a microscale chemistry kit to the students´ homes. Thanks to this approach students were able to perform ~25 experiments during each one of the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters in an elective Electrochemistry and Corrosion course offered to Chemical Engineering undergraduates. In addition to performing traditional experiments, students were encouraged to design some of their own and have the entire group reproduce them. One of such student-designed experiments involved the capture of CO2 and its reduction with a readily available active metal (i.e., Al foil) in aqueous media to generate potentially useful products. The highly negative standard potential of Al is exploited for the reduction of lab-generated CO2, and the products are chemically tested. Al as a foil has been reported to be electrochemically inactive for carbon dioxide reduction. However, encouraged by an earlier report of the reduction of CO2 to CO, the Al surface is activated in the present experiment by removal of its natural oxide layer with a solution of CuCl2 produced in an electrochemical cell. This procedure enables Al to react with CO2 and yield useful chemistry. This experiment turned to be a discovery trip. The detailed procedure is discussed here, as well as the teaching methodology, grading scheme, and student outcomes.
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17

Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari, and David J. Heldebrant. "Towards environmentally benign capture and conversion: heterogeneous metal catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation in CO2 capture solvents." Green Chemistry 22, no. 3 (2020): 828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03449h.

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18

Lin, Roger, Jiaxun Guo, Xiaojia Li, Poojan Patel, and Ali Seifitokaldani. "Electrochemical Reactors for CO2 Conversion." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050473.

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Increasing risks from global warming impose an urgent need to develop technologically and economically feasible means to reduce CO2 content in the atmosphere. Carbon capture and utilization technologies and carbon markets have been established for this purpose. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a promising solution, fulfilling carbon-neutral goals and sustainable materials production. This review aims to elaborate on various components in CO2RR reactors and relevant industrial processing. First, major performance metrics are discussed, with requirements obtained from a techno-economic analysis. Detailed discussions then emphasize on (i) technical benefits and challenges regarding different reactor types, (ii) critical features in flow cell systems that enhance CO2 diffusion compared to conventional H-cells, (iii) electrolyte and its effect on liquid phase electrolyzers, (iv) catalysts for feasible products (carbon monoxide, formic acid and multi-carbons) and (v) strategies on flow channel and anode design as next steps. Finally, specific perspectives on CO2 feeds for the reactor and downstream purification techniques are annotated as part of the CO2RR industrial processing. Overall, we focus on the component and system aspects for the design of a CO2RR reactor, while pointing out challenges and opportunities to realize the ultimate goal of viable carbon capture and utilization technology.
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Talekar, Sachin, Byung Hoon Jo, Jonathan S. Dordick, and Jungbae Kim. "Carbonic anhydrase for CO2 capture, conversion and utilization." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 74 (April 2022): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2021.12.003.

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20

Hanusch, Jan M., Isabel P. Kerschgens, Florian Huber, Markus Neuburger, and Karl Gademann. "Pyrrolizidines for direct air capture and CO2 conversion." Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (2019): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08574a.

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21

Melo Bravo, Paulina, and Damien P. Debecker. "Combining CO2 capture and catalytic conversion to methane." Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42768-019-00004-0.

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22

Mezza, Alessio, Angelo Pettigiani, Nicolò B. D. Monti, Sergio Bocchini, M. Amin Farkhondehfal, Juqin Zeng, Angelica Chiodoni, Candido F. Pirri, and Adriano Sacco. "An Electrochemical Platform for the Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion to Syngas." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237869.

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We report on a simple electrochemical system able to capture gaseous carbon dioxide from a gas mixture and convert it into syngas. The capture/release module is implemented via regeneration of NaOH and acidification of NaHCO3 inside a four-chamber electrochemical flow cell employing Pt foils as catalysts, while the conversion is carried out by a coupled reactor that performs electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using ZnO as a catalyst and KHCO3 as an electrolyte. The capture module is optimized such that, powered by a current density of 100 mA/cm2, from a mixture of the CO2–N2 gas stream, a pure and stable CO2 outlet flow of 4–5 mL/min is obtained. The conversion module is able to convert the carbon dioxide into a mixture of gaseous CO and H2 (syngas) with a selectivity for the carbon monoxide of 56%. This represents the first all-electrochemical system for carbon dioxide capture and conversion.
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23

North, M., and P. Styring. "Perspectives and visions on CO2 capture and utilisation." Faraday Discussions 183 (2015): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd90077h.

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This article summarises and contextualises the debates which occurred during the Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Faraday Discussion meeting. The utilisation of carbon dioxide is discussed in terms of both conversion to fuel, with a potential impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and conversion to chemicals with a potential impact on sustainability.
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24

Sartape, Rohan, Aditya Prajapati, Nishithan Balaji C. Chidambara Kani, and Meenesh R. Singh. "(Invited) Design, Assessment, and Performance Evaluation of an Fully-Integrated Electrochemical Process for Direct Capture of CO2 from Flue Gas and Its Conversion to High-Purity Ethylene." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 26 (August 28, 2023): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01261718mtgabs.

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Ethylene (C2H4) is a hydrocarbon of extensive societal, environmental, and industrial importance. Therefore, synthesizing C2H4 sustainably via the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an attractive area to explore. Even though many existing CO2RR systems have reached industrially relevant current densities (~1A/cm^2), almost all use a gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-based electrochemical system with a single-pass CO2 conversions less than 10%. Low conversion leads to a low C2H4 concentration in the gaseous product stream which mainly comprises CO2, contributing to costly post-CO2RR separation of products, rendering even processes with high CO2RR current densities unfit for scale up. In this talk, I will present an automated and fully-integrated system that combines CO2 capture and conversion into a single, sustainable, and more energy-efficient process. In particular, our technology captures CO2 from the exhaust of natural-gas combustion power plants and converts it to high-purity ethylene. The patented CO2 capture process utilizes novel migration-assisted moisture gradient (MAMG) process, with record performances of over 99% selectivity and over 0.3 mmol/m2s of capture flux. Our team has recently discovered electrocatalysts based on mixed Cu/CuOx with performance far exceeding state-of-the-art catalysts for CO2 conversion with 600 mA cm-2 and Faradaic efficiency to C2H4 over 58%. The system will be scaled up as a supplementary process to existing C2H4 production plants or for inclusion in new plants meeting carbon intensity reduction targets. References: Aditya Prajapati, Rohan Sartape, Miguel T. Galante, Jiahan Xie, Samuel Leung, Ivan Bessa, Marcio H. S. Andrade, Robert T. Somich, Marcio V. Rebouças, Gus T. Hutras, Nathalia Diniz, and Meenesh R. Singh, “Fully-Integrated Electrochemical System that Captures CO2 from Flue Gas to Produce Value-Added Chemicals at Ambient Conditions,” Energy & Environmental Science, DOI: 10.1039/D2EE03396H, 2022 (Back Cover Page) Aditya Prajapati, Rohan Sartape, Tomas Rojas, Naveen K. Dandu, Pratik Dhakal, Amey S. Thorat, Jiahan Xie, Ivan Bessa, Miguel T. Galante, Marcio H. S. Andrade, Robert T. Somich, Marcio V. Rebouças, Gus T. Hutras, Nathalia Diniz, Anh T. Ngo, Jindal Shah and Meenesh R. Singh, “Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions,” Energy & Environmental Science, 15, 680-692, 2022 Rohan Sartape, Aditya Prajapati, Tomas Rojas, Naveen K. Dandu, Pratik Dhakal, Amey S. Thorat, Jiahan Xie, Ivan Bessa, Miguel T. Galante, Marcio H. S. Andrade, Robert T. Somich, Marcio V. Rebouças, Gus T. Hutras, Nathalia Diniz, Anh T. Ngo, Jindal Shah and Meenesh R. Singh, “Reply to the ‘Comment on “Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions”’ by J. Casado, Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/D2EE00555G,” Energy & Environmental Science, 15, 3994-3996, 2022
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Yang, Zhibin, Ze Lei, Ben Ge, Xingyu Xiong, Yiqian Jin, Kui Jiao, Fanglin Chen, and Suping Peng. "Development of catalytic combustion and CO2 capture and conversion technology." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (June 2021): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00444-2.

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AbstractChanges are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO2 emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation, which is the main source of global CO2 emissions. The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) process, which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells, was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO2 emissions. Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the IGFC for near-zero CO2 emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO2 emissions based on (1) catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks and (2) CO2 conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). In this work, we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack, evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis, and established a multi-scale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs. The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.
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26

Xiao, Yurou Celine, Christine M. Gabardo, Shijie Liu, Geonhui Lee, Yong Zhao, Colin P. O'Brien, Rui Kai Miao, et al. "Integrated Capture and Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 into CO." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 47 (December 22, 2023): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02472390mtgabs.

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The capture and electrochemical conversion of CO2, powered by renewable electricity, is an attractive method of sustainably producing valuable chemicals and fuels (e.g. carbon monoxide (CO)), reducing atmospheric CO2, and storing intermittent renewable energy. Integrated capture and conversion (reactive capture) of CO2 presents a CO2-to-CO electrolysis pathway that eliminates most of the upstream capital and energy costs by releasing CO2 directly inside the electrolyzer using an internal pH-swing. The reactive capture system readily allows for the collection of produced gas products via phase separation, thus minimizing downstream separation costs. Industrial-scale integration of reactive capture systems with upgrading processes require a pure and consistent product stream. Previous studies using bicarbonate electrolytes have demonstrated high selectivity towards CO. However, the limited CO2 capture capacity of bicarbonate electrolytes dilute the cathode product gas stream with excess CO2. This mandates a secondary CO2 capture unit and increases the cost of downstream separation. Other studies using carbonate or carbamate electrolyte as the inlet feed did not simultaneously achieve high CO selectivity and long-term stability. This study sought to improve the Faradaic efficiency (FE) toward CO in our carbonate electrolysis system by engineering a novel membrane electrode assembly structure. We designed a composite CO2 diffusion layer (CDL) between the cathode and the membrane that attains high CO selectivity by simultaneously achieving high alkalinity and sufficient CO2 availability at the cathode. We determined that the thickness, wettability, and permeability of the CDL affected species transport and were important optimization parameters. Applying this strategy, we produced syngas, a mixture of CO and hydrogen (H2), with an industrial H2/CO ratio of 1.16 at 200 mA cm-2. This corresponded to a CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 46% and energy intensity of 52 GJ tsyngas-1. The syngas produced in this system was not diluted by CO2 and contained sufficient CO content to meet industrial standards. We further increased the FE towards CO by exploring different capture solutions and designing selective catalysts for energy efficient CO production. System parameters such as temperature and pressure effects were also investigated to improve the CO2 concentration at the cathode. This study illustrated the potential for the industrial implementation of an energy efficient and capital cost effective CO2-to-CO pathway via reactive capture.
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27

Ren, Furao, and Weijun Liu. "Review of CO2 Adsorption Materials and Utilization Technology." Catalysts 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081176.

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This article introduces the recent research status of CO2 adsorption materials and effective ways of CO2 resource utilization. Molecular sieves have the advantages of a large specific surface area, a wide pore size range, recyclability, and good chemical and thermal stability. Metal–organic frameworks have diverse structures and broad application prospects. The captured CO2 is converted into valuable chemicals such as acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, and esters as raw materials. The rapid development of biomass energy utilization of CO2, with strong biological adaptability, high yield, low production cost, and low pollutant emissions, is a feasible method to reduce CO2 emissions. This article analyzes the current research status of CO2 capture, conversion into chemicals, biomass energy, and industrial utilization from the perspective of catalytic conversion.
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Saleh, Hosam M., and Amal I. Hassan. "Green Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Sustainable Fuel Synthesis." Fire 6, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6030128.

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Carbon capture and use may provide motivation for the global problem of mitigating global warming from substantial industrial emitters. Captured CO2 may be transformed into a range of products such as methanol as renewable energy sources. Polymers, cement, and heterogeneous catalysts for varying chemical synthesis are examples of commercial goods. Because some of these components may be converted into power, CO2 is a feedstock and excellent energy transporter. By employing collected CO2 from the atmosphere as the primary hydrocarbon source, a carbon-neutral fuel may be created. The fuel is subsequently burned, and CO2 is released into the atmosphere like a byproduct of the combustion process. There is no net carbon dioxide emitted or withdrawn from the environment during this process, hence the name carbon-neutral fuel. In a world with net-zero CO2 emissions, the anthroposphere will have attained its carbon hold-up capacity in response to a particular global average temperature increase, such as 1.5 °C. As a result, each carbon atom removed from the subsurface (lithosphere) must be returned to it, or it will be expelled into the atmosphere. CO2 removal technologies, such as biofuels with carbon sequestration and direct air capture, will be required to lower the high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere if the Paris Agreement’s ambitious climate targets are to be realized. In a carbon-neutral scenario, CO2 consumption with renewable energy is expected to contribute to the displacement of fossil fuels. This article includes a conceptual study and an evaluation of fuel technology that enables a carbon-neutral chemical industry in a net-zero-CO2-emissions environment. These are based on the use of collected CO2 as a feedstock in novel chemical processes, along with “green” hydrogen, or on the use of biomass. It will also shed light on innovative methods of green transformation and getting sustainable, environmentally friendly energy.
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Leverick, Graham, and Betar M. Gallant. "Electrochemical Reduction of Amine-Captured CO2 in Aqueous Solutions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 26 (August 28, 2023): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01261719mtgabs.

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Technologies that can capture CO2 and enable conversion into value-adding chemicals and fuels or stable minerals for sequestration are vital for transitioning towards net zero or even negative greenhouse gas emissions. Conventional approaches for electrochemically converting CO2 have utilized a decoupled approach of first capturing and concentrating CO2, and then using the concentrated CO2 as a feedstock for conventional electrochemical processes. Direct electrochemical reduction of amine-captured CO2 1,2 can potentially offer advantages by removing the need to thermally regenerate the amine capture solution, which can be energy intensive and typically uses thermal energy from nonrenewable sources. In this talk, we share our recent work on the electrochemical reduction of amine-captured CO2 to value-adding products like CO and stable minerals like carbonates. We discuss the influence of the capture environment on the resulting capture solution chemistry, and how to alter the capture solution speciation through electrolyte design. We further consider the detailed CO2 reduction mechanisms in these amine-containing solutions and provide design strategies for increasing the Faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction vs. the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as decreasing the overpotential of CO2 reduction. References: (1) Chen, L.; Li, F.; Zhang, Y.; Bentley, C. L.; Horne, M.; Bond, A. M.; Zhang, J. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in a Monoethanolamine Capture Medium. ChemSusChem 2017, 10 (20), 4109–4118. (2) Lee, G.; Li, Y. C.; Kim, J.-Y.; Peng, T.; Nam, D.-H.; Sedighian Rasouli, A.; Li, F.; Luo, M.; Ip, A. H.; Joo, Y.-C.; Sargent, E. H. Electrochemical Upgrade of CO2 from Amine Capture Solution. Nat. Energy 2021, 6 (1), 46–53.
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Brunetti, Adele, and Enrica Fontananova. "CO2 Conversion by Membrane Reactors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16649.

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Membrane reactors technology represents a promising tool for the CO2 capture and reuse by conversion to valuable products. After a preliminary presentation of the fundamentals of this technology, a critical overview of the last achievements and new perspectives in the CO2 conversion by membrane reactors is given, highlighting the still existing limitations for large scale applications. Among the low temperature (≤100 °C) membrane reactor for CO2 conversion, electrochemical membrane reactors and photocatalytic reactors, represent the two mainly pursued systems and they were discussed starting from selected case studies. Dry reforming of methane and CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were selected as interesting examples of high temperature (>100 °C) membrane based conversion of CO2 to energy bearing products.
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31

Zhang, Shuai, and Liang-Nian He. "Capture and Fixation of CO2 Promoted by Guanidine Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 7 (2014): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14125.

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Guanidine compounds and their derivatives can be developed as catalysts, additives, or promoters in organic synthesis due to their unique chemical properties, which have attracted much attention in the chemistry and catalysis communities. Particularly, the strong basicity and ease of structural modification allow them to offer wide applications in the field of CO2 capture and conversion. Guanidine compounds modified as ionic liquids or heterogeneous catalysts have also been developed for CO2 capture and conversion. In this context, the latest progress on CO2 capture using guanidine and their derivatives as absorbents with high capacity will be summarized. Furthermore, guanidine-catalyzed transformation of CO2 to a series of value-added chemicals with mechanistic consideration on a molecular level will be particularly elaborated in this article.
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32

Sieradzka, Małgorzata, Ningbo Gao, Cui Quan, Agata Mlonka-Mędrala, and Aneta Magdziarz. "Biomass Thermochemical Conversion via Pyrolysis with Integrated CO2 Capture." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051050.

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The presented work is focused on biomass thermochemical conversion with integrated CO2 capture. The main aim of this study was the in-depth investigation of the impact of pyrolysis temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) and CaO sorbent addition on the chemical and physical properties of obtained char and syngas. Under the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, the properties of biomass chars were gradually changed, and this was confirmed by examination using thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and porosimetry methods. The chars were characterised by a noticeable carbon content (two times at 700 °C) resulting in a lower O/C ratio. The calculated combustion indexes indicated the better combustible properties of chars. In addition, structural morphology changes were observed. However, the increasing pyrolysis temperature resulted in changes of solid products; the differences of char properties were not significant in the range of 500 to 700 °C. Syngas was analysed using a gas chromatograph. The following main components were identified: CO, CO2, CH4, H2 and C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8. A significant impact of CaO on CO2 adsorption was found. The concentration of CO2 in syngas decreased with increased temperature, and the highest decrease occurred in the presence of CaO from above 60% to below 30% at 600 °C.
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Zhang, Ruina, Daqing Hu, Ying Zhou, Chunliang Ge, Huayan Liu, Wenyang Fan, Lai Li, et al. "Tuning Ionic Liquid-Based Catalysts for CO2 Conversion into Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031024.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) are two kinds of strategies to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, which is emitted from the burning of fossil fuels and leads to the greenhouse effect. With the unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs), such as low vapor pressures, tunable structures, high solubilities, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, they could be used as solvents and catalysts for CO2 capture and conversion into value-added chemicals. In this critical review, we mainly focus our attention on the tuning IL-based catalysts for CO2 conversion into quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from o-aminobenzonitriles during this decade (2012~2022). Due to the importance of basicity and nucleophilicity of catalysts, kinds of ILs with basic anions such as [OH], carboxylates, aprotic heterocyclic anions, etc., for conversion CO2 and o-aminobenzonitriles into quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones via different catalytic mechanisms, including amino preferential activation, CO2 preferential activation, and simultaneous amino and CO2 activation, are investigated systematically. Finally, future directions and prospects for CO2 conversion by IL-based catalysts are outlined. This review is benefit for academic researchers to obtain an overall understanding of the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from CO2 and o-aminobenzonitriles by IL-based catalysts. This work will also open a door to develop novel IL-based catalysts for the conversion of other acid gases such as SO2 and H2S.
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Shen, Jialong, and Sonja Salmon. "Biocatalytic Membranes for Carbon Capture and Utilization." Membranes 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040367.

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Innovative carbon capture technologies that capture CO2 from large point sources and directly from air are urgently needed to combat the climate crisis. Likewise, corresponding technologies are needed to convert this captured CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks and products that replace current fossil-based materials to close the loop in creating viable pathways for a renewable economy. Biocatalytic membranes that combine high reaction rates and enzyme selectivity with modularity, scalability, and membrane compactness show promise for both CO2 capture and utilization. This review presents a systematic examination of technologies under development for CO2 capture and utilization that employ both enzymes and membranes. CO2 capture membranes are categorized by their mode of action as CO2 separation membranes, including mixed matrix membranes (MMM) and liquid membranes (LM), or as CO2 gas–liquid membrane contactors (GLMC). Because they selectively catalyze molecular reactions involving CO2, the two main classes of enzymes used for enhancing membrane function are carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Small organic molecules designed to mimic CA enzyme active sites are also being developed. CO2 conversion membranes are described according to membrane functionality, the location of enzymes relative to the membrane, which includes different immobilization strategies, and regeneration methods for cofactors. Parameters crucial for the performance of these hybrid systems are discussed with tabulated examples. Progress and challenges are discussed, and perspectives on future research directions are provided.
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35

Lee, Hyesung, Tae Wook Kim, Soung Hyoun Kim, Yu-Wei Lin, Chien-Tsung Li, YongMan Choi, and Changsik Choi. "Carbon Dioxide Capture and Product Characteristics Using Steel Slag in a Mineral Carbonation Plant." Processes 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061676.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can reduce CO2 emissions by 85 to 95% for power plants and kilns with high CO2 emissions. Among CCS technologies, carbon dioxide capture using steel slag is a method of carbonating minerals by combining oxidized metals in the slag, such as CaO, MgO, and SiO2, with CO2. This study assessed the amount of CO2 captured and the sequestration efficiency in operating a mineral carbonation plant with a CO2 capture capacity of 5 tons/day by treating the exhaust gas from a municipal waste incinerator and identified the characteristics of the mineral carbonation products. As a result, the average concentration of CO2 in the inflow and outflow gas during the reaction time was 10.0% and 1.1%, respectively, and the average CO2 sequestration efficiency was 89.7%. This resulted in a conversion rate of CaO of > 90%. This study manifested that mineral carbonation products are more stable than steel slag as a construction material and are effective at sequestering CO2 by forming chemically stable CaCO3.
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36

Buyukcakir, Onur, Sang Hyun Je, Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni, Daeok Kim, and Ali Coskun. "Charged Covalent Triazine Frameworks for CO2 Capture and Conversion." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 8 (February 20, 2017): 7209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16769.

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37

Li, Ruipeng, Yanfei Zhao, Zhiyong Li, Yunyan Wu, Jianji Wang, and Zhimin Liu. "Choline-based ionic liquids for CO2 capture and conversion." Science China Chemistry 62, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9358-6.

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38

Hollingsworth, Nathan, S. F. Rebecca Taylor, Miguel T. Galante, Johan Jacquemin, Claudia Longo, Katherine B. Holt, Nora H. de Leeuw, and Christopher Hardacre. "CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion using superbasic [P66614][124Triz]." Faraday Discussions 183 (2015): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00091b.

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The ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 1,2,4-triazolide, [P66614][124Triz], has been shown to chemisorb CO2 through equimolar binding of the carbon dioxide with the 1,2,4-triazolide anion. This leads to a possible new, low energy pathway for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and syngas at low overpotentials, utilizing this reactive ionic liquid media. Herein, an electrochemical investigation of water and carbon dioxide addition to the [P66614][124Triz] on gold and platinum working electrodes is reported. Electrolysis measurements have been performed using CO2 saturated [P66614][124Triz] based solutions at −0.9 V and −1.9 V on gold and platinum electrodes. The effects of the electrode material on the formation of formate and syngas using these solutions are presented and discussed.
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39

Liu, Zhi-Wei, and Bao-Hang Han. "Ionic porous organic polymers for CO2 capture and conversion." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 16 (April 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.11.008.

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40

Zhao, Lan, Hai-Yang Hu, An-Guo Wu, Alexander O. Terent’ev, Liang-Nian He, and Hong-Ru Li. "CO2 capture and in-situ conversion to organic molecules." Journal of CO2 Utilization 82 (April 2024): 102753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102753.

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41

Peres, Christiano B., Pedro M. R. Resende, Leonel J. R. Nunes, and Leandro C. de Morais. "Advances in Carbon Capture and Use (CCU) Technologies: A Comprehensive Review and CO2 Mitigation Potential Analysis." Clean Technologies 4, no. 4 (November 17, 2022): 1193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040073.

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One of society’s major current challenges is carbon dioxide emissions and their consequences. In this context, new technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture have attracted much attention. One of these is carbon capture and utilization (CCU). This work focuses on the latest trends in a holistic approach to carbon dioxide capture and utilization. Absorption, adsorption, membranes, and chemical looping are considered for CO2 capture. Each CO2 capture technology is described, and its benefits and drawbacks are discussed. For the use of carbon dioxide, various possible applications of CCU are described, starting with the utilization of carbon dioxide in agriculture and proceeding to the conversion of CO2 into fuels (catalytic processes), chemicals (photocatalytic processes), polymers, and building supplies. For decades, carbon dioxide has been used in industrial processes, such as CO2-enhanced oil recovery, the food industry, organic compound production (such as urea), water treatment, and, therefore, the production of flame retardants and coolants. There also are several new CO2-utilization technologies at various stages of development and exploitation, such as electrochemical conversion to fuels, CO2-enhanced oil recovery, and supercritical CO2. At the end of this review, future opportunities are discussed regarding machine learning (ML) and life cycle assessment (LCA).
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42

Pérez-Gallent, Elena, Chirag Vankani, Carlos Sánchez-Martínez, Anca Anastasopol, and Earl Goetheer. "Integrating CO2 Capture with Electrochemical Conversion Using Amine-Based Capture Solvents as Electrolytes." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 11 (March 10, 2021): 4269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05848.

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43

Khdary, Nezar H., Alhanouf S. Alayyar, Latifah M. Alsarhan, Saeed Alshihri, and Mohamed Mokhtar. "Metal Oxides as Catalyst/Supporter for CO2 Capture and Conversion, Review." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030300.

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Various carbon dioxide (CO2) capture materials and processes have been developed in recent years. The absorption-based capturing process is the most significant among other processes, which is widely recognized because of its effectiveness. CO2 can be used as a feedstock for the production of valuable chemicals, which will assist in alleviating the issues caused by excessive CO2 levels in the atmosphere. However, the interaction of carbon dioxide with other substances is laborious because carbon dioxide is dynamically relatively stable. Therefore, there is a need to develop types of catalysts that can break the bond in CO2 and thus be used as feedstock to produce materials of economic value. Metal oxide-based processes that convert carbon dioxide into other compounds have recently attracted attention. Metal oxides play a pivotal role in CO2 hydrogenation, as they provide additional advantages, such as selectivity and energy efficiency. This review provides an overview of the types of metal oxides and their use for carbon dioxide adsorption and conversion applications, allowing researchers to take advantage of this information in order to develop new catalysts or methods for preparing catalysts to obtain materials of economic value.
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44

Tan, Wei Jie, and Poernomo Gunawan. "Integration of CO2 Capture and Conversion by Employing Metal Oxides as Dual Function Materials: Recent Development and Future Outlook." Inorganics 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11120464.

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To mitigate the effect of CO2 on climate change, significant efforts have been made in the past few decades to capture CO2, which can then be further sequestered or converted into value-added compounds, such as methanol and hydrocarbons, by using thermochemical or electrocatalytic processes. However, CO2 capture and conversion have primarily been studied independently, resulting in individual processes that are highly energy-intensive and less economically viable due to high capital and operation costs. To enhance the overall process efficiency, integrating CO2 capture and conversion into a single system offers an opportunity for a more streamlined process that can reduce energy and capital costs. This strategy can be achieved by employing dual function materials (DFMs), which possess the unique capability to simultaneously adsorb and convert CO2. These materials combine basic metal oxides with active metal catalytic sites that enable both sorption and conversion functions. In this review paper, we focus on the recent strategies that utilize mixed metal oxides as DFMs. Their material design and characteristics, reaction mechanisms, as well as performance and limitations will be discussed. We will also address the challenges associated with this integrated system and attempt to provide insights for future research endeavors.
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45

Li, Ying Jie, Xin Xie, Chang Tian Liu, and Sheng Li Niu. "Cyclic Carbonation Properties of CMA as CO2 Sorbent at High Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.655.

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Calcium-based minerals cyclic calcination/carbonation reaction is an effective approach to CO2 capture for coal-fired power plants. It was proposed that dolomite modified with acetic acid solution, i.e. calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), acted as a new CO2 sorbent for calcination/carbonation cycles. The carbonation conversions for CMA and dolomite with the number of cycles were experimentally investigated. The cyclic conversion for CMA is much greater than that for dolomite for the carbonation at 650-700 °C. The carbonation conversion for CMA achieves as high as 0.6 after 20 cycles. CMA maintains the great conversion for calcination at 1100 °C. CMA had a better anti-sintering than dolomite. The pore volume and pore area distributions for calcined CMA are superior to those for calcined dolomite.
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46

Pang, Xueqi, Sumit Verma, Chao Liu, and Daniel V. Esposito. "Electrochemical CO2 Conversion with Packed Bed Membraneless Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491884mtgabs.

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(Bi)carbonate electrolysis offers an attractive opportunity for integrated carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion whereby a carbonate-laden aqueous capture solution can be directly fed to an electrolyzer before being recycled to the CO2 capture unit(s). Among the previous studies that have demonstrated the viability of (bi)carbonate electrolysis, bipolar membranes are commonly used to deliver protons to the cathode where they convert (bi)carbonate into CO2 that is subsequently reduced at the cathode. However, these membranes can be susceptible to fouling or degradation, which may lead to device failure. Here, we present a scalable and potentially low-cost packed bed membraneless electrolyzer (PBME) concept for the conversion of bicarbonate into CO based on train of porous flow-through electrodes. At the anode, hydrogen oxidation reaction is used to produce protons, which rapidly react with bicarbonate to generate CO2 for electrochemical CO2 reduction at the downstream cathode in this membrane-free electrolyzer design. This study highlights the ability of the PBME design to minimize the magnitude of pH swings within the electrolyzer and enable high CO2 utilization rates. Tests of multi-cell PBMEs show enhanced performance compared to single-cell PBMEs and demonstrate the scalability of this PBME design.
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47

Yang, Zhen-Zhen, Ya-Nan Zhao, and Liang-Nian He. "CO2 chemistry: task-specific ionic liquids for CO2 capture/activation and subsequent conversion." RSC Advances 1, no. 4 (2011): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ra00307k.

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48

Akpasi, Stephen Okiemute, and Yusuf Makarfi Isa. "Review of Carbon Capture and Methane Production from Carbon Dioxide." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13121958.

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In the last few decades, excessive greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere have led to significant climate change. Many approaches to reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have been developed, with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) techniques being identified as promising. Flue gas emissions that produce CO2 are currently being captured, sequestered, and used on a global scale. These techniques offer a viable way to encourage sustainability for the benefit of future generations. Finding ways to utilize flue gas emissions has received less attention from researchers in the past than CO2 capture and storage. Several problems also need to be resolved in the field of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, including those relating to cost, storage capacity, and reservoir durability. Also covered in this research is the current carbon capture and sequestration technology. This study proposes a sustainable approach combining CCS and methane production with CO2 as a feedstock, making CCS technology more practicable. By generating renewable energy, this approach provides several benefits, including the reduction of CO2 emissions and increased energy security. The conversion of CO2 into methane is a recommended practice because of the many benefits of methane, which make it potentially useful for reducing pollution and promoting sustainability.
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49

Rodríguez-Alegre, Rubén, Alba Ceballos-Escalera, Daniele Molognoni, Pau Bosch-Jimenez, David Galí, Edxon Licon, Monica Della Pirriera, Julia Garcia-Montaño, and Eduard Borràs. "Integration of Membrane Contactors and Bioelectrochemical Systems for CO2 Conversion to CH4." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030361.

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Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge produces large amounts of CO2 which contribute to global CO2 emissions. Capture and conversion of CO2 into valuable products is a novel way to reduce CO2 emissions and valorize it. Membrane contactors can be used for CO2 capture in liquid media, while bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can valorize dissolved CO2 converting it to CH4, through electromethanogenesis (EMG). At the same time, EMG process, which requires electricity to drive the conversion, can be utilized to store electrical energy (eventually coming from renewables surplus) as methane. The study aims integrating the two technologies at a laboratory scale, using for the first time real wastewater as CO2 capture medium. Five replicate EMG-BES cells were built and operated individually at 0.7 V. They were fed with both synthetic and real wastewater, saturated with CO2 by membrane contactors. In a subsequent experimental step, four EMG-BES cells were electrical stacked in series while one was kept as reference. CH4 production reached 4.6 L CH4 m−2 d−1, in line with available literature data, at a specific energy consumption of 16–18 kWh m−3 CH4 (65% energy efficiency). Organic matter was removed from wastewater at approximately 80% efficiency. CO2 conversion efficiency was limited (0.3–3.7%), depending on the amount of CO2 injected in wastewater. Even though achieved performances are not yet competitive with other mature methanation technologies, key knowledge was gained on the integrated operation of membrane contactors and EMG-BES cells, setting the base for upscaling and future implementation of the technology.
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50

Papangelakis, Panagiotis, Rui Kai Miao, Ruihu Lu, Adnan Ozden, Shijie Liu, Ning Sun, Colin P. O'Brien, et al. "SO2-Tolerant Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 from Simulated Industrial Flue Gas." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 47 (December 22, 2023): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02472403mtgabs.

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The electrochemical reduction of CO2 using copper-based electrocatalysts offers a route to produce high-value multicarbon (C2+) products from renewable electricity (Nat. Catal. 4, 952-958 (2021); Nature 614, 262-269 (2023)). To date, the efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products has only been possible when using impurity-free CO2 sources, such as from direct air capture. The generation of such high-grade CO2 streams is expensive, accounting for almost half of the total energy required for both capture and electroreduction processes (Nat. Catal. 4, 952-958 (2021)). Conversely, capturing CO2 from point sources, such as industrial flue gas, is more efficient due to the higher concentration of CO2 in the feed. However, trace amounts of sulfur dioxide (10 ~ 400 ppm SO2) inherently present in these streams will significantly degrade the CO2 conversion process. All previous attempts to convert CO2 with SO2 present in the feed have resulted in immediate catalyst poisoning and an irreversible loss of CO2 conversion activity. In this study, we designed a modified catalyst layer to react a stream of dilute CO2 containing 400 ppm SO2 to multicarbon products with high stability and performance metrics that match or exceed those achieved with pure CO2 streams. Driven by density function theory and COMSOL simulations, we designed an ionomer:copper:polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (ICP) electrode that features both hydrophobic and highly-charged hydrophilic domains to limit water adsorption and promote CO2 over SO2 transport near the electrochemically active sites. This deactivates the SO2 poisoning mechanism, thus enabling stable and efficient CO2 conversion (see figure). Our approach achieved a sustained C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 50% for the initial 160 hours at 100 mA cm-2. In order to improve the overall C2+ current efficiency (jC2+) towards industrial scales, we applied our strategy in high-surface-area copper electrodes. We achieved CO2 conversion in the presence of 400 ppm SO2 with a C2+ FE of 76% at a current density of 700 mA cm-2, surpassing what can be achieved in existing integrated CO2 capture-electrolysis systems that use pure CO2. Overall, our approach provides a fully 140-fold increase in performance (FEC2+ × jC2+) compared to the best prior CO2 conversion systems with added SO2 (Nat. Nanotechnol. doi: 10.1038/s41565-022-01286-y (2023); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 9902-9909 (2019)). These findings represent an important advancement in the field of CO2 conversion and highlight the potential of our strategy for industrial-scale applications. Figure 1
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