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Garfield, Joy. "Requirements elaboration for system co-developmet." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503074.
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This research focuses on the changing role of requirements engineering, from one that not only considers functional and non-functional requirements, as has traditionally been the case, but also the interplay between business and system functionality. Whether a business wishes to exploit advances in technology to achieve new strategic objectives or to organise work in innovative ways, the process of requirements engineering can and should present opportunities for modelling and evaluating the potential impact that technology can bring to an enterprise through a process of co-development. (0- development aims to ensure alignment between enterprise and Information Systems goals and requirements. However a number of challenges are faced during codevelopment projects, emanating from the engagement of multiple stakeholders from differing organisations, subcontractors, divisions, etc, who have different experiences, skills and frequently competing goals. Stakeholders are faced with many different alternative future 'worlds', each potentially demanding different development strategies. Furthermore questions are raised about the potential structure of the new business system and how key variables in this structure could impact on the dynamics of the system. This thesis introduces and develops a framework to deal with the aforementioned issues. This framework called, the Requirements Elaboration Framework is proposed to enable the modelling and evaluation of the impact of reqUirements on the enterprise. The framework comprises System Dynamics, ontology, scenario and rationale modelling. Behaviour of the enterprise system is defined within the System Dynamics model. Invariant components of the physical and social world, in the enterprise and application domain, are formally defined within the ontology model. Scenario modelling is used to identify critical variables. Quantitative analysis of the effects of such variables through simulation enables a better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of possible future structures. Assumptions and reasoning behind key decisions are charted within the rationale model. This assists with collaborative stakeholder discussions during ontology and scenario modelling. A case study, which focuses on the liberalisation of electricity in the European Union, is used to illustrate the workings of the proposed framework.
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Шабельник, Юрій Михайлович, Юрий Михайлович Шабельник, Yurii Mykhailovych Shabelnyk, Ірина Михайлівна Пазуха, Ирина Михайловна Пазуха, Iryna Mykhailivna Pazukha, and В. В. Коропок. "Магнітооптичні властивості плівкових систем Co/Ag/Co." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45821.
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Робота присвячена аналізу експериментальних даних стосовно кореляції структурно-фазового стану та магнітооптичних властивостей плівкових систем на основі Co та Ag, що отримані пошаровим осадженням з наступним термовідпаленням до 700-900 К.
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Nordlander, Eva. "System studies of Anaerobic Co-digestion Processes." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36515.
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Production of biogas through anaerobic digestion is one pathway to achieving the European Union (EU) goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy, and improving energy efficiency. In this thesis, two different models (Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 and an artificial neural network) are used to simulate a full-scale co-digester in order to evaluate the feasibility of such models. This thesis also includes models of two systems to study the inclusion of microalgae in biogas plants and wastewater treatment plants. One of the studies is a life-cycle assessment in which replacement of the ley crop with microalgae is evaluated. The other study concerns the inclusion of microalgae in case studies of biological treatment in three wastewater treatment plants. Finally, the co-digestion between microalgae and sewage sludge has been simulated to evaluate the effect on biogas and methane yield. The results showed that Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 and the artificial neural network are suitable for replicating the dynamics of a full-scale co-digestion plant. For the tested period, the artificial neural network showed a better fit for biogas and methane content than the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. Simulations showed that co-digestion with microalgae tended to reduce biomethane production. However, this depended on the species and biodegradability of the microalgae. The results also showed that inclusion of microalgae could decrease carbon dioxide emissions in both types of plants and decrease the energy demand of the studied wastewater treatment plants. The extent of the decrease in the wastewater treatment plants depended on surface volume. In the biogas plant, the inclusion of microalgae led to a lower net energy ratio for the methane compared to when using ley crop silage. Both studies show that microalgae cultivation is best suited for use in summer in the northern climate.
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Zhang, Chi. "Co-existing City." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491304914633249.
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Freas, Rosemary M. "Analysis of required supporting systems for the supercritical CO₂ power conversion system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44792.
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Thesis (S.M. and Nucl. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2007."September 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).
Recently, attention has been drawn to the viability of using S-CO₂ as a working fluid in modem reactor designs. Near the critical point, CO₂ has a rapid rise in density allowing a significant reduction in the compressor work of a closed Brayton Cycle. Therefore > 45% efficiency can be achieved at much more moderate temperatures than is optimal for the helium Brayton cycles. An additional benefit of the S-CO₂ system is its universal applicability as an indirect secondary Power Conversion System (PCS) coupled to most GEN-IV concept reactors, as well as fusion reactors. The United States DOE's GNEP is now focusing on the liquid Na cooled primary as an alternative to conventional Rankine steam cycles. This primary would also benefit from being coupled to an S-CO₂ PCS. Despite current progress on designing the S-CO₂ PCS, little work has focused on the principal supporting systems required. Many of the required auxiliary systems are similar to those used in other nuclear or fossil-fired units; others have specialized requirements when CO₂ is used as the working fluid, and are therefore given attention in this thesis. Auxiliary systems analyzed within this thesis are restricted to those specific to using CO₂ as the working fluid. Particular systems discussed include Coolant Make-up and Storage, Coolant Purification, and Coolant Leak Detection. Concepts discussed include: potential forms of coolant storage, including cryogenic and high pressure gas, with some "back of the envelope" methods which can be used for estimating the coolant transferred; possible coolant contaminants and their sources; options for the procurement of the CO₂ from potential distributors, including available purities and estimated cost; the purity of CO₂ for the S-CO₂ system and purification methods; various methods of coolant leak detection using both insitu analyzers and portable devices for maintenance personnel, and instrumentation for the monitoring of compartmental CO₂ and CO concentrations to meet OSHA standards.
(cont.) A conceptual design is presented for coolant storage. Systems are discussed in terms of basic functionality, system requirements, desired features, basic safety and design concerns, and identification of issues to be resolved by future research.
by Rosemary M. Freas.
S.M.and Nucl.E.
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Bhatt, Kandarp. "Potential for meeting the EU new passenger car CO₂ emissions targets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70793.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, February 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-87).
In 2009, the European Parliament agreed to limit the CO2 emissions from new passenger cars sold in the European Union to an average of 130g/km by 2015. Further, a probable longer-term CO2 emissions target of 95g/km is specified for 2020. This thesis attempts to assess the feasibility of meeting these targets in a representative European Union by developing and evaluating Optimistic and Realistic scenarios of varied powertrain sales mix, vehicle weight reduction levels, and Emphasis on Reduction of Fuel Consumption (ERFC) using a European New Passenger Cars CO2 Emissions Model. Further, this thesis develops custom fleet models for select member states to understand the impact of the developed scenarios on reduction of fuel use and on the diesel to gasoline fuel use ratio. The thesis finds that while the European Union is poised to meet the 2015 target in an Optimistic scenario, it will find it difficult to do so in a Realistic scenario. Moreover, the 2020 target would not be achieved in either of the two scenarios. Further, the diesel to gasoline fuel use ratio will continue to rise through year 2020 for the studied countries, potentially reaching as high as 3 in the case of France and at least as high as 0.71 in the case of Germany. Finally, an increase in ERFC and introduction of PHEVs would most help reduce fuel use in all studied countries. In France and Italy, a reduction of Diesel car sales would additionally be significantly useful in reducing the fuel use. Whereas, in Germany and UK, a higher number of Turbocharged Gasoline cars would be another significant option to reduce fuel use.
by Kandarp Bhatt.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Mukaze, Sabine, and Denny Carolina Villamil Velásquez. "Product Service System : Co-Designing for Social Impact." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2446.
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Designing for Social Impact is an approach of social sustainability that presents an alternative way to improve living conditions in low income communities, of low income countries, by providing solutions that will enable them to meet their basic needs. Some current methods and tools used by social designers are focused on specific social aspects and often fail to engage communities to participate actively in the design processes. A non-linear Design Research Method was used to engage experts from the Design for Social Impact sector, Product Service System “PSS”, and social designers. A case study based in Gambia was used to study if “PSS” could encourage social designers to co-design with these communities as a way to promote positive solutions. Thus, strategic actions were collected from the research findings as a way to promote co-designing with involved stakeholders in low income communities.ING/School of Engineering +46 455 38 50 00
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Sapuntzakis, Constantine (Constantine Paul) 1975. "A co-locating fast file system for UNIX." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47548.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-54).
by Constantine Sapuntzakis.
M.Eng.
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Morales, Erie Hector. "Exchange bias in the Mnx̲Pt₁-x̲/Co system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3206.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. On t.p. "x̲" is subscript. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 34 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31).
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Rapp, Tobias. "A COP optimized control system for a CO₂ based automotive A/C-system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/773.
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In the last few years carbon dioxide received increasing attention as a possible replacement for fluorocarbon-based refrigerants used within present automotive A/C system technology. R-134a is harmless to the ozone layer but the greenhouse effect is more than 1300 times higher than that of an equivalent amount of CO2. Alternative refrigerants are natural gasses such as propane and butane, however these gasses are considered explosive. With many objections raised it appears if CO2 will be the future refrigrant for automotive use. One concern with R-744 is its high operating pressure and suction/discharge pressure difference when compared to common refrigeration processes. A major problem with the CO2 cycle is the loss of effciency at high ambient temperatures. With a COP optimized control system for the expansion value based on pressure, temperature and mass flow of the refrigerant, an effective A/C system for CO2 could be deleloped. This resrach offers basic knowledge of refrigerant cycles and gives an overall view of the refrigerant change-over problem. With the results obtained from the experimental work a better understanding of the CO2 cycle and a better understanding towards effective A/C systems have been realized.
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Youssef, Tarek. "Co-design of Security Aware Power System Distribution Architecture as Cyber Physical System." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3210.
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The modern smart grid would involve deep integration between measurement nodes, communication systems, artificial intelligence, power electronics and distributed resources. On one hand, this type of integration can dramatically improve the grid performance and efficiency, but on the other, it can also introduce new types of vulnerabilities to the grid. To obtain the best performance, while minimizing the risk of vulnerabilities, the physical power system must be designed as a security aware system.
In this dissertation, an interoperability and communication framework for microgrid control and Cyber Physical system enhancements is designed and implemented taking into account cyber and physical security aspects. The proposed data-centric interoperability layer provides a common data bus and a resilient control network for seamless integration of distributed energy resources. In addition, a synchronized measurement network and advanced metering infrastructure were developed to provide real-time monitoring for active distribution networks.
A hybrid hardware/software testbed environment was developed to represent the smart grid as a cyber-physical system through hardware and software in the loop simulation methods. In addition it provides a flexible interface for remote integration and experimentation of attack scenarios.
The work in this dissertation utilizes communication technologies to enhance the performance of the DC microgrids and distribution networks by extending the application of the GPS synchronization to the DC Networks. GPS synchronization allows the operation of distributed DC-DC converters as an interleaved converters system. Along with the GPS synchronization, carrier extraction synchronization technique was developed to improve the system’s security and reliability in the case of GPS signal spoofing or jamming.
To improve the integration of the microgrid with the utility system, new synchronization and islanding detection algorithms were developed. The developed algorithms overcome the problem of SCADA and PMU based islanding detection methods such as communication failure and frequency stability. In addition, a real-time energy management system with online optimization was developed to manage the energy resources within the microgrid. The security and privacy were also addressed in both the cyber and physical levels. For the physical design, two techniques were developed to address the physical privacy issues by changing the current and electromagnetic signature. For the cyber level, a security mechanism for IEC 61850 GOOSE messages was developed to address the security shortcomings in the standard.
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Ariyaeeinia, A. M. "An active co-ordinate imaging system for robot vision." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370165.
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Wright, Owen. "Maintaining Franchise System Isotropy: A Grounded Theory of Franchised Co-Branding." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365993.
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Franchising is a popular form of distribution for products and services that makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy. Traditionally, franchisors (the principal in the franchise relationship) maintain rigid control over their systems. Thus the focal point for this research, co-branding (the blending of another brand into the original franchise concept), is in itself a conundrum worthy of investigation.
Franchising research is dominated by theoretical foundations of agency theory, resource constraints theory and transaction cost economics which debate the initial adoption of the franchising model and its subsequent use by organisations. Academic investigation in an Australian context is found to be disparate at best with little development found regarding franchise models of growth. Two American studies of franchise co-branding are identified but fall short of explaining this phenomenon as an expansion strategy in mature franchise systems. Therefore the significance of this study resides in the creation of theory explaining the adoption of the complex growth strategy of co-branding in the context of franchising.
A grounded theory methodology is adopted to gather and analyse data from a limited range of organisations using franchisors as the unit of analysis. Almost three hundred pages of data were gathered from a range of national executives and company documents to triangulate to an organisational perspective. Throughout meta-triangulation a further one hundred and fifty pages of notes/analysis were created. This process identifies dynamics between brands (as representations of the organisations involved) through comparison so problems and issues most important to respondents are presented. These comparisons form propositions. Propositions form the basis of the theory.
The theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy is multi-faceted. Systems establish external co-brand alliances utilising high quality brands. Once external relationships are established franchise systems create brands internally. This results in higher levels of system resilience. In the search for resilience, franchisors subjugate their positions in order to minimise exposure to external brand alliances and maximise franchisee adoption of the internally created co-brand. Transition from external co-brands to an internally created strategy is identified as transcendence. Transcendence is characterised by the original franchise brand transferring its brand attributes to the newly established co-brand. Maturity of the co-brand relationship results in bilateral leveraging of brand attributes. To maximise the retail co-brand strategy brand migration is instigated to establish the most effective locations.
When these facets are combined, the theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy emerges. Franchise systems view themselves as invariant (unaffected by a designated operation or transformation). This view drives strategy decisions from which franchise operations remain the same. This behaviour is described as isotropic and explains the strategic organisational process in this context.
This approach forms the basis of a compelling argument against the ownership redirection debate (where franchise systems may choose to buy back franchised outlets as they mature). The combination of franchising and incentives/subsidisation produces extra-contractual obligatory behaviour highlighting new perspectives for the agent-theoretic argument by characterising the principal/agent relationship as ‘deeper’ and therefore must be redefined within the context of franchising. Further, an increase in transaction costs from this strategy notionally supports a need for company-owned operations (as franchisees needed to be compelled by subsidy to adopt this strategy).
Hence, the theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy provides an explanation that extends previous thought in this area and introduces new concepts and perspectives to more effectively understand this complex organisational process. Therefore this study has academic implications for franchising research and the broader marketing management and channel strategy areas. Further implications for franchise systems are also identified. Future investigations to develop the different facets of the theory are necessary to provide a fuller understanding of this phenomenon.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Li, Juncao. "An Automata-Theoretic Approach to Hardware/Software Co-verification." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/12.
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Hardware/Software (HW/SW) interfaces are pervasive in computer systems. However, many HW/SW interface implementations are unreliable due to their intrinsically complicated nature. In industrial settings, there are three major challenges to improving reliability. First, as there is no systematic framework for HW/SW interface specifications, interface protocols cannot be precisely conveyed to engineers. Second, as there is no unifying formal model for representing the implementation semantics of HW/SW interfaces accurately, some critical properties cannot be formally verified on HW/SW interface implementations. Finally, few automatic tools exist to help engineers in HW/SW interface development. In this dissertation, we present an automata-theoretic approach to HW/SW co-verification that addresses these challenges. We designed a co-specification framework to formally specify HW/SW interface protocols; we synthesized a hybrid Büchi Automaton Pushdown System, namely Büchi Pushdown System (BPDS), as the unifying formal model for HW/SW interfaces; and we created a co-verification tool, CoVer that implements our model checking algorithms and realizes our reduction algorithms for BPDS. The application of our approach to the Windows device/driver framework has resulted in the detection of fifteen specification issues. Furthermore, utilizing CoVer, we discovered twelve real bugs in five drivers. These non-trivial findings have demonstrated the significance of our approach in industrial applications.
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Flather, Paul. "Co-option and exclusion : a study of Indian MPs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240221.
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Chen, Yi-Ching. "Co-design of Fault-Tolerant Systems with Imperfect Fault Detection." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104942.
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In recent decades, transient faults have become a critical issue in modernelectronic devices. Therefore, many fault-tolerant techniques have been proposedto increase system reliability, such as active redundancy, which can beimplemented in both space and time dimensions. The main challenge of activeredundancy is to introduce the minimal overhead of redundancy and to schedulethe tasks. In many pervious works, perfect fault detectors are assumed to simplifythe problem. However, the induced resource and time overheads of suchfault detectors make them impractical to be implemented. In order to tacklethe problem, an alternative approach was proposed based on imperfect faultdetectors. So far, only software implementation is studied for the proposed imperfectfault detection approach. In this thesis, we take hardware-acceleration intoconsideration. Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to accommodatetasks in hardware. In order to utilize the FPGA resources efficiently, themapping and the selection of fault detectors for each task replica have to be carefullydecided. In this work, we present two optimization approaches consideringtwo FPGA technologies, namely, statically reconfigurable FPGA and dynamicallyreconfigurable FPGA respectively. Both approaches are evaluated andcompared with the proposed software-only approach by extensive experiments.
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Oppenheimer, Frank. "OOCOSIM an object-oriented co-design method for embedded HW-SW systems /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974181447.
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Meyer, Peter. "Air-pollution monitoring with a mobile CO₂-laser photoacoustic system /." Zürich, 1988. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8651.
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Händel, Frank. "Einfluss von Legierungselementen auf die Phasenbildung im System Co-Si." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600335.
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Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit erfolgte die Charakterisierung von dünnen Co-Al-Si-Schichten durch elektrische Messungen, RBS, REM, TEM, AES, MOKE sowie temperaturabhängige Messungen des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes. Es wurde die Phasenbildung in diesem ternären System und die Beeinträchtigung der Phasenbildung im System Co-Si in Abhängigkeit des Al-Gehaltes betrachtet. Die Co-Al-Schichten wurden duch Magnetronsputtern auf Si(001)-Substraten abgeschieden und im Temperaturbereich von 500°C bis 900°C getempert (30s).
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Lu, YiYao. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Co-Cr-Mo System." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-42584.
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The thermodynamic properties of the Co-Cr-Mo ternary system have been described. Available experimental data on the system have been assessed and applied to optimize the parameters used in the thermodynamic models within the Calphad method. Meanwhile, samples were made by the powder metallurgical process and heat treated (sintered) at 1573 K to investigate the phase diagram data related to the intermetallic phases, such as σ, μ and R phases present in the system. With the optimized thermodynamic description, we are able to fit most of the experimental data in the literature and from this work. However, the one phase field of R is too narrow in the present description. Furthermore, at 1573 K the extension of the phase boundary of σ toward the Co corner needs to be improved. In addition, the calculated phase diagram at 1573 K shows a fcc-bcc-σ three-phase equilibrium near the Co-Cr binary side. This is not shown in the experimentally determined ternary phase diagram but is necessary in order to match the recent data on the Co-Cr binary system.
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Woodman, Simon. "A programming system for process co-ordination in virtual organisations." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/121.
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Distributed business applications are increasingly being constructed by composing them from services provided by various online businesses. Typically, this leads to trading partners coming together to form virtual organizations (VOs). Each member of a VO maintains their autonomy, except with respect to their agreed goals. The structure of the Virtual Organisation may contain one dominant organisation who dictates the method of achieving the goals or the members may be considered peers of equal importance. The goals of VOs can be defined by the shared global business processes they contain. To be able to execute these business processes, VOs require a flexible enactment model as there may be no single ‘owner’ of the business process and therefore no natural place to enact the business processes. One solution is centralised enactment using a trusted third party, but in some cases this may not be acceptable (for instance because of security reasons). This thesis will present a programming system that allows centralised as well as distributed enactment where each organisation enacts part of the business process. To achieve distributed enactment we must address the problem of specifying the business process in a manner that is amenable to distribution. The first contribution of this thesis is the presentation of the Task Model, a set of languages and notations for describing workflows that can be enacted in a centralised or decentralised manner. The business processes that we specify will coordinate the services that each organisation owns. The second contribution of this thesis is the presentation of a method of describing the observable behaviour of these services. The language we present, SSDL, provides a flexible and extensible way of describing the messaging behaviour of Web Services. We present a method for checking that a set of services described in SSDL are compatible with each other and also that a workflow interacts with a service in the desired manner. The final contribution of this thesis is the presentation of an abstract architecture and prototype implementation of a decentralised workflow engine. The prototype is able to enact workflows described in the Task Model notation in either a centralised or decentralised scenario.
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Kelleher, Ian James. "Dolomitization, and stability in the system CaCO₃-CaMg(CO₃)₂-MgCO₃." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624320.
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Folkes, Gillian. "Pasteurization of beer by a continuous dense-phase CO₂ system." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006549.
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Turunen, H. (Helka). "CO₂-balance in the athmosphere and CO₂-utilisation:an engineering approach." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514294877.
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Abstract The subject of the thesis was to analyze by an engineering approach the global CO₂ balance and CO₂ utilisation. The aim was to apply methods and knowledge used in engineering sciences to describe the global CO₂ balance and the role of CO₂ in anthropogenic utilisation applications. Moreover barriers restricting commercialisation of new applications are discussed. These subjects were studied by literature reviews and calculations based on thermodynamics models. Engineering methods have shown to be applicable to describe the global balance of CO₂ and to define by a numerical way the Earth’s system carrying capacity. Direct and indirect actions, which mitigate the overload situation, were derived from the results. To screen out the attractive CO₂ properties in utilisation applications a mapping analysis was carried out. Properties, which enhance mass and heat transfer, are one of the most meaningful characteristics from the chemical engineering point of view. Attractive properties are often achieved at the supercritical state. Engineering thermodynamic methods were used in fluid phase determination of the case studies. Even simple methods are sufficient to advice experimental research work. The thermodynamic knowledge is the basement in creation of industrial scale chemical processes. If detailed information on system properties is needed, a model development due to the special requirements of high pressure systems and CO₂ features is required. This knowledge covers property information from all the components involved in chemical reactions. In addition to engineering knowledge successful technology transfer requires positive social structure as well. Finally, if the humankind is willing to mimic Nature and use light of the Sun as an energy source in engineering systems, development of thermodynamic methods is required also in this area. Especially the work terms, originally defined in classical mechanical thermodynamics and afterwards formulised also in other parts of the engineering fields, play a key role. If this development work is successful, we may see the shift from thermodynamics approach to ‘photodynamics’. Mitigation of global warming is a problem, which needs several kinds of activities. As a result of this study, there are listed a few engineering actions, which have a possibility to contribute to the work towards the carbon neutral societyTiivistelmä Väitöskirjatyössä sovelletaan insinööritieteissä käytettyjä metodeja ja tietämystä määriteltäessä ilmakehän CO₂-tase sekä antropogeenisten hyötykäyttökohteiden merkitys teollisissa prosesseissa ja globaaleissa CO₂-virroissa. Lisäksi pohditaan uusien CO₂-hyötykäyttösovellusten kaupallistamiseen liittyviä rajoitteita. Näitä aiheita on tutkittu käymällä läpi tieteellistä kirjallisuutta ja tekemällä laskelmia. Insinööritieteistä tutun taselaskennan avulla tarkastellaan ilmakehän CO₂-virtoja. Sen pohjalta määritetään numeerisesti maapallon CO₂-kantokyky. Tuloksista johdetaan suoria ja epäsuoria toimenpide-ehdotuksia, joiden avulla voidaan lieventää ilmakehän CO₂-ylikuormaa. Kartoitusmenetelmän avulla selvitetään hyötykäytön kannalta edulliset CO₂:n aineominaisuudet. Kemiantekniikan näkökulmasta ominaisuudet, jotka parantavat aineen- ja lämmönsiirtoa, ovat kiinnostavimpia. Nämä ominaisuudet tulevat esille silloin, kun fluidi on ylikriittisessä olomuodossa. Termodynaamisia laskentamenetelmiä sovelletaan esimerkkiseosten olomuodon eli faasin määrityksessä. Tulokset osoittavat, että jopa verraten yksinkertaiset menetelmät antavat tietoja, jotka auttavat ymmärtämään laboratoriokokeiden faasikäyttäytymistä. Teollisen mittakaavan kemiallisten prosessien kehityksessä ja suunnittelussa termodynamiikan hallitseminen on keskeinen edellytys. Jos CO₂:n kiinnostavia ominaisuuksia toivotaan hyödynnettävän teollisesti, korkeapaineisten systeemien termodynaamisen teorian hallinta sekä aineominaisuuksien määrittäminen kaikille systeemiin osallistuville komponenteille ja niiden seoksille nousee merkittävään asemaan. Läpikotainen teorian ja teknisten perusteiden hallitseminen ei vielä takaa menestyksellistä teknologiansiirtoa pienestä suureen mittakaavaan. Lisäksi tarvitaan myönteinen ja kannustava yhteiskuntajärjestelmä. Mikäli tavoitellaan vielä rohkeampaa kehitysnäkymää, tilannetta, jossa luonnon tavoin CO₂-prosessien energianlähteenä käytettäisiin auringonvaloa, havaitaan, että tämäkin askel edellyttäisi termodynaamista menetelmäkehitystä. Keskeinen termodynaaminen konsepti on työ. Työ siirtää energiaa ympäristön ja systeemin välillä. Tämä on määritelty jo klassisessa mekaniikassa; kappaleen siirto tietystä paikasta toiseen. Kemiantekniikassa työlle on kehitetty käyttökelpoisia kaavoja paine–tilavuus–lämpötila-systeemeihin. Mikäli työn elementit kyettäisiin määrittelemään auringonvalon fotoenergialle, avaisi se uusia näkymiä reaktiokemiaan. Silloin termodynamiikan sijaan voitaisiin ehkä mieluummin puhua 'photodynamiikasta'. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on ongelma, jonka lieventämiseen tarvitaan useanlaisia toimia. Etsittäessä tietä kohti hiilineutraalia yhteiskuntaa, insinöörit voivat avustaa suunnan löytämisessä hyödyntämällä tieteenalallaan käytettyjä metodeja ja teorioita sekä tarpeen vaatiessa kehittää niitä edelleen uusille alueille
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Furmanik, Olga, and Alireza Famili. "Control system integration in ADAMS : With emphasis on hauler Automatic Traction Control system." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45957.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates control system integration in ADAMS and the thesis presents appropriate knowledge related to the topic as multi body system, acting forces between road and wheels, equation of motion regarding to the haulers, traction control system and differential locks. The emphasis of the thesis is to implement and test the automatic traction control (ATC) for the hauler into ADAMS and Simulink models. The ATC models are based on certain requirements provided by Volvo Construction Equipment. As expected, results indicate that the ATC model operates during simulation for various road conditions. Nevertheless, the ATC model includes a few defects which are observed in results. The significant achievement of the thesis is a great collaboration between ADAMS and Simulink model.
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Buason, Gunnar. "Competitive co-evolution of sensory-motor systems." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-733.
Full textAbstract:
A recent trend in evolutionary robotics and artificial life research is to maximize self-organization in the design of robotic systems, in particular using artificial evolutionary techniques, in order to reduce the human designer bias. This dissertation presents experiments in competitive co-evolutionary robotics that integrate and extend previous work on competitive co-evolution of neural robot controllers in a predator-prey scenario with work on the ‘co-evolution’ of robot morphology and control systems. The focus here is on a systematic investigation of tradeoffs and interdependencies between morphological parameters and behavioral strategies through a series of predator-prey experiments in which increasingly many aspects are subject to self-organization through competitive co-evolution. The results show that there is a strong interdependency between morphological parameters and behavioral strategies evolved, and that the competitive co-evolutionary process was able to find a balance between and within these two aspects. It is therefore concluded that competitive co-evolution has great potential as a method for the automatic design of robotic systems.
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Bidar, Reihaneh. "Service co-creation behaviour in actor-to-actor co-creation systems: From service-dominant logic to socio-service dominant logic." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119156/1/Reihaneh_Bidar_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Co-creation studies have focused on customer-provider value creation in service system. However, the current literature does not consider service co-creation in a multi-actor environment in which behavioural dynamic of individuals plays a role. We propose a model of service co-creation behaviour (SCB) that represents why actors' collaborate in service co-creation. We found seven themes including Platform Capabilities, Relational Capital and Actor Competencies as the key environmental stimuli, and which influence the two actor value perceptions of Purposive value and Network value, which all combine to lead actors to collaborative and citizenship behaviours. The findings provide important implications to theory by extending the co-creation behaviour to actor-to-actor service co-creation context. Practitioners can apply the insights regarding actors' SCB to improve collaborations, hinder destructive behaviours and enrich creative forces to increase value formation.
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Svensson, Inger-Lise. "Evaluating System Consequences of Energy Co-operation between Industries and Utilities." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71849.
Full textAbstract:
Energy conservation, energy efficiency measures, and energy carrier conversion within the industry are extremely important issues in order to deal with energy resource depletion and the threats from global warming. In Swedish industry there is potential for reductions of carbon dioxide emissions and resource use through utilization of excess heat and conversion of compression cooling to other cooling technologies using less electricity. Co-operation between industries and utilities can be obtained concerning both heating and cooling, but the choice of technologies and the profitability of co-operation are influenced by a number of factors such as the type of industry, policy instruments, the size and design of the district heating and cooling systems, and energy market prices. In this thesis, energy co-operation has been studied on two levels: a techno-economic level and a socio-technical level. On the techno-economic level the possibilities for co-operation in two industrial cases have been studied, Scandinavian kraft pulp mills and manufacturing industry in the municipality of Södertälje: The pulp and paper industry is one of the major energy users in Sweden, and 2.2 TWh of heat was delivered from pulp mills in 2007, mainly to district heating systems. At kraft pulp mills the excess heat can be used either internally or externally. Internally, excess heat can be used in the production process and/or to replace steam and thereby increase the production of electricity, depending on the quality of the excess heat. Externally, excess heat can be used as district heating. The trade-off between internal and external use of excess heat depends on numerous factors. The economic profitability of possible investments is influenced not only by investment costs and fuel costs; several policy instruments, including the electricity certificate system and the carbon dioxide trading scheme, also influence the choice of technology as well as the willingness to co-operate. In the municipality of Södertälje two large industries use large amounts of electricity, district heating and cooling. The cooling demand in Södertälje is currently covered by free cooling from lake water and compression chillers; but in order to reduce the use of electricity, conversion to heat-driven cooling or increased lake water cooling can be considered. The large CHP plant in Södertälje is today not used to its full potential, but investment in heat-driven cooling and/or a cold condenser unit integrated with the CHP plant could increase the plant’s operation hours. New investments in district cooling could increase the level of co-operation between the two industries and the local utility, but depending on policy instruments, energy market prices and the possible exchange of heat between Södertälje and Stockholm, the profitability of such investments will vary. On the socio-technical level, co-operation between utilities and industries has been studied through interviews and surveys to further analyze factors concerning co-operation beyond the techno-economic level. Results from the studies show that communication between the parties, the willingness to take risks, and trust between the co-operating parties are key factors that are as vitally important for a co-operation to take place as technical and economic factors.Energibesparingar, energieffektivitet och konvertering av energibärare i industrin är oerhört viktiga frågor att hantera med tanke på det hot vi står inför med uttömning av resurser och global uppvärmning. I svensk industri finns det potential för reducering av koldioxidemissioner och resursanvändning genom utnyttjande av industriell överskottsvärme och konvertering av kompressionskyla till andra kyltekniker som använder mindre el. Samarbete mellan industrier och energibolag kan uppnås både för värme och kyla, men valet av teknik och lönsamheten i samarbete påverkas av ett flertal faktorer som typen av industri, styrmedel, storleken och produktionsmixen i fjärrvärme- och fjärrkylanäten samt energimarknadspriser. I den här avhandlingen har energisamarbeten studerats på två olika nivåer: en tekno-ekonomisk nivå och en socio-teknisk nivå. På den tekno-ekonomiska nivån har möjligheter till samarbete undersökts i två industriella fall, skandinaviska kemiska massabruk och tillverkningsindustri i Södertälje. Massa- och pappersindustrin är en av de största energianvändarna i Sverige och 2,2 TWh värme levererades 2007 från olika bruk till fjärrvärmenäten. I ett kemiskt massabruk kan överskottsvärme användas antingen internt eller externt. Intern kan värmen användas i produktionsprocesserna och/eller för att ersätta ånga och därmed öka elproduktionen, beroende på överskottsvärmens kvalitet. Externt kan värmen användas till fjärrvärme. Avvägningen mellan intern och extern användning beror på flera faktorer. Den ekonomiska lönsamheten för möjliga investeringar påverkas inte bara av investeringskostnader och bränslekostnader, ett flertal styrmedel, inklusive elcertifikatsystemet och handeln med utsläppsrätter, påverkar valet av teknik och viljan att samarbeta. I Södertälje finns två stora industrier som använder stora mängder el, fjärrvärme och kyla. Kylbehovet i Södertälje täcks för närvarande av frikyla från sjövatten och kompressionskylmaskiner, men för att minska elanvändningen kan konvertering till värmedriven kyla eller en ökning av mängden frikyla vara aktuellt. Den stora kraftvärmeanläggning som finns i Södertälje utnyttjas idag inte till sin fulla potential, men investering in värmedriven kyla kan öka drifttiden i anläggningen. Nya investeringar i fjärrkyla kan ge ett ökat samarbete mellan industrierna och energibolaget i Södertälje, men beroende på styrmedel, energimarknadspriser och det fjärrvärmeutbytet mellan Södertälje och Stockholm, kommer lönsamheten i dessa investeringar att variera. På den socio-tekniska nivån har samarbeten mellan industrier och energibolag undersökts genom intervjuer och enkäter för att ytterligare analysera de faktorer som påverkar samarbeten utöver de tekno-ekonomiska möjligheterna. Resultaten från studierna visar att kommunikation mellan parterna, vilja att ta risker och förtroende mellan parterna är faktorer som är lika viktiga för att uppnå ett samarbete som tekniska möjligheter och ekonomisk lönsamhet.
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Cavalcante, Sergio Vanderlei. "A hardware-software co-design system for embedded real-time applications." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360339.
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Zhou, Pin-Yan, and 周品言. "Helicopter co-pilot System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6n9zw6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
航空與電子科技研究所
99
The RC helicopter becomes a popular entertainment after it was getting cheaper. However, manipulation of single-rotor helicopter is more difficult than double-rotor helicopter. So this thesis designs a flight control system having manual control mode or co-pilot mode with autonomous altitude control, heading control and attitude control; the player can switch manual or co-pilot mode easily. In the controller design, this thesis uses the impulse response of altitude and heading to find out the transfer function of helicopter altitude and heading. Then, this thesis uses the frequency response of Ziegler-Nichols’s method to calculate the initial PID parameters of co-pilot, and identifies the most suitable parameters by flight tests to adjust the initial parameters. In addition, this thesis integrates the co-pilot of helicopter system and ground station, when the helicopter is flying, wireless communications module on the helicopter sends the real-time flight data to the ground station to display the helicopter’s flight dynamics.
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Divya, V. D. "Diffusion Studies On Systems Related to Nickel Based Superalloys." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1948.
Full textAbstract:
Superalloys offer high temperature strength, excellent creep, corrosion and oxidation
resistances, microstructural stability and good fatigue life at elevated temperatures. The composition of the superalloys has been modified continuously to improve the properties. The addition of Pt improves oxidation resistance without compromising the mechanical properties of
the superalloys. To further enhance the performance of the superalloy components, various coatings are applied on them. The-(NiPt)Al intermetallic compound bond coats, which are presently utilized, have certain drawbacks. Diffusion of Al from the bond coat to superalloy during service leads to accumulation of stress near the bond coat. The refractory elements present
in superalloy precipitate as topological close packed (TCP) phases in the interdiffusion zone. Consequently, a Pt enriched γ(Ni) + γ’(Ni3Al) phase mixture has been proposed as a possible alternative since TCP phases do not form in the interdiffusion zone. In this thesis, diffusion studies are performed on several binary and ternary systems with the primary purpose of understanding the effect of Pt in Ni based superalloys and also in γ + γ’ phase mixture bond coats.
Further, a detailed interdiffusion study is conducted in Mo- and W- based binary and ternary systems to understand the growth of the TCP phases. By performing bulk and multifoil diffusion couple experiments, different diffusion parameters like, inter, intrinsic, tracer, impurity diffusion
coefficients and activation energy that are necessary to understand the diffusion mechanism are determined. Additionally using the nanoindentation technique on diffusion couples, variation of mechanical properties such as, hardness and modulus with composition is studied.
First, interdiffusion in Ni-Pt, Co-Pt, Co-Ni, Ni-Fe and Co-Fe binary systems is examined. In Ni-Pt and Co-Pt, experimental results show that Pt is the slower diffusing species at all compositions. In both the systems, driving force is found to be the reason for higher values of intrinsic diffusion coefficients observed in the range of 40-60 at. % Pt. Contribution of vacancy
wind effect on diffusion parameters is found to be negligible. It is found from the multifoil diffusion couple experiments that Ni is the faster diffusing species in the Co-Ni system.
Bulk diffusion couple experiments are conducted in the Co-Ni-Pt and Co-Ni-Fe systems, by coupling binary alloys with the third element. Uphill diffusion is observed for Co and Ni in Pt rich corner of the Co-Ni-Pt system. Main and cross interdiffusion coefficients are calculated at
the compositions where two diffusion profiles intersect. In both the systems, the main interdiffusion coefficients are positive over the whole composition range and the cross diffusion coefficients show both positive and negative values at different regions. Hardness measured by
performing the nanoindentations on diffusion couples of both the systems, shows the higher
values at intermediate compositions.
The effect of Pt in and’ phases of Ni-Al system are examined by conducting
interdiffusion experiments between Ni(xPt) alloys and (NixPt)40Al alloy of β phase, so that both and’ phases grow in the interdiffusion zone. The interdiffusion coefficients in Ni-Al binary system increases with the Al content in the -phase, and they do not vary significantly with composition in the ’ phase. The average effective interdiffusion coefficients of Ni and Al in the
and ’ phases increase with the addition of Pt. Nanoindentation studies on diffusion couples show that the hardness of both and ’ phase increases with the addition of Pt. In the +’ phase mixture bond coats, effect of Pt on interdiffusion of major alloying elements of CMSX4 superalloys are discussed. A phase mixture of and ’ with increasing Pt content is coupled with
CMSX4 superalloy. The addition of Pt to the +’ phase mixture increases the diffusion rate of Ni, while the diffusion rate of Al, decreases with the addition of 5% Pt, and increases with further addition of Pt. No significant change in the diffusion rates of Co or Cr is observed.
The growth kinetics and diffusion in systems (both binary and ternary) with TCP phases
are examined. Interdiffusion studies performed in Co-Mo system show significant volume change because of the growth of the phase. Intrinsic diffusion coefficient of Mo is found to be higher than that of Co. Diffusion studies conducted in Ni-Mo system show reasonably low activation energy in the phase, indicating the grain boundary controlled diffusion process. The Co-Ni-Mo
and Co-Ni-W ternary phase diagrams are revisited and the phase boundary composition of the TCP phases are found to be different from those reported earlier. Following, the average effective interdiffusion coefficients are calculated and compared with the data calculated in the binary
systems to examine the role of the third element. It is noticed that the average effective interdiffusion coefficients in the Co(Ni,Mo) and Co(Ni,W) solid solution increases with the addition of Ni. On the other hand, these diffusion coefficients decrease with the addition of Ni in thephase in both the systems. The role of the driving force for diffusion and possible change in defect concentrations on different sublattices are discussed.
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Divya, V. D. "Diffusion Studies On Systems Related to Nickel Based Superalloys." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1948.
Full textAbstract:
Superalloys offer high temperature strength, excellent creep, corrosion and oxidation
resistances, microstructural stability and good fatigue life at elevated temperatures. The composition of the superalloys has been modified continuously to improve the properties. The addition of Pt improves oxidation resistance without compromising the mechanical properties of
the superalloys. To further enhance the performance of the superalloy components, various coatings are applied on them. The-(NiPt)Al intermetallic compound bond coats, which are presently utilized, have certain drawbacks. Diffusion of Al from the bond coat to superalloy during service leads to accumulation of stress near the bond coat. The refractory elements present
in superalloy precipitate as topological close packed (TCP) phases in the interdiffusion zone. Consequently, a Pt enriched γ(Ni) + γ’(Ni3Al) phase mixture has been proposed as a possible alternative since TCP phases do not form in the interdiffusion zone. In this thesis, diffusion studies are performed on several binary and ternary systems with the primary purpose of understanding the effect of Pt in Ni based superalloys and also in γ + γ’ phase mixture bond coats.
Further, a detailed interdiffusion study is conducted in Mo- and W- based binary and ternary systems to understand the growth of the TCP phases. By performing bulk and multifoil diffusion couple experiments, different diffusion parameters like, inter, intrinsic, tracer, impurity diffusion
coefficients and activation energy that are necessary to understand the diffusion mechanism are determined. Additionally using the nanoindentation technique on diffusion couples, variation of mechanical properties such as, hardness and modulus with composition is studied.
First, interdiffusion in Ni-Pt, Co-Pt, Co-Ni, Ni-Fe and Co-Fe binary systems is examined. In Ni-Pt and Co-Pt, experimental results show that Pt is the slower diffusing species at all compositions. In both the systems, driving force is found to be the reason for higher values of intrinsic diffusion coefficients observed in the range of 40-60 at. % Pt. Contribution of vacancy
wind effect on diffusion parameters is found to be negligible. It is found from the multifoil diffusion couple experiments that Ni is the faster diffusing species in the Co-Ni system.
Bulk diffusion couple experiments are conducted in the Co-Ni-Pt and Co-Ni-Fe systems, by coupling binary alloys with the third element. Uphill diffusion is observed for Co and Ni in Pt rich corner of the Co-Ni-Pt system. Main and cross interdiffusion coefficients are calculated at
the compositions where two diffusion profiles intersect. In both the systems, the main interdiffusion coefficients are positive over the whole composition range and the cross diffusion coefficients show both positive and negative values at different regions. Hardness measured by
performing the nanoindentations on diffusion couples of both the systems, shows the higher
values at intermediate compositions.
The effect of Pt in and’ phases of Ni-Al system are examined by conducting
interdiffusion experiments between Ni(xPt) alloys and (NixPt)40Al alloy of β phase, so that both and’ phases grow in the interdiffusion zone. The interdiffusion coefficients in Ni-Al binary system increases with the Al content in the -phase, and they do not vary significantly with composition in the ’ phase. The average effective interdiffusion coefficients of Ni and Al in the
and ’ phases increase with the addition of Pt. Nanoindentation studies on diffusion couples show that the hardness of both and ’ phase increases with the addition of Pt. In the +’ phase mixture bond coats, effect of Pt on interdiffusion of major alloying elements of CMSX4 superalloys are discussed. A phase mixture of and ’ with increasing Pt content is coupled with
CMSX4 superalloy. The addition of Pt to the +’ phase mixture increases the diffusion rate of Ni, while the diffusion rate of Al, decreases with the addition of 5% Pt, and increases with further addition of Pt. No significant change in the diffusion rates of Co or Cr is observed.
The growth kinetics and diffusion in systems (both binary and ternary) with TCP phases
are examined. Interdiffusion studies performed in Co-Mo system show significant volume change because of the growth of the phase. Intrinsic diffusion coefficient of Mo is found to be higher than that of Co. Diffusion studies conducted in Ni-Mo system show reasonably low activation energy in the phase, indicating the grain boundary controlled diffusion process. The Co-Ni-Mo
and Co-Ni-W ternary phase diagrams are revisited and the phase boundary composition of the TCP phases are found to be different from those reported earlier. Following, the average effective interdiffusion coefficients are calculated and compared with the data calculated in the binary
systems to examine the role of the third element. It is noticed that the average effective interdiffusion coefficients in the Co(Ni,Mo) and Co(Ni,W) solid solution increases with the addition of Ni. On the other hand, these diffusion coefficients decrease with the addition of Ni in thephase in both the systems. The role of the driving force for diffusion and possible change in defect concentrations on different sublattices are discussed.
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Huang, Wen-Chieh, and 黃文傑. "SoC Software/Hardwaer Co-Verification System." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54208219538964776072.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電資學院學程碩士班
91
As the semiconductor technology has made great progress, System-on-Chip has become the kernel technologies for integrating computer, consumer, and communication. In other words, a system, which consists of CPU cores like RISC or DSP, memories and other IPs, can be easily embedded into a chip. But to make a SoC product successful, we must take care of the integration of hardware and software. Thus, it is quite critical that to build the HW/SW co-verification environment with EDA tools, HW/SW co-design tools, and other technologies to shorten the development cycle of SoC. The HW/SW co-verification system utilizes EDA tools, the features of various IPs, and hardware simulators, combining with the fast software simulation to improve the testing flow and the simulation performance. In this thesis, we build a HW/SW co-verification environment with innovative methods to speed the HW/SW simulation performance by integrating Faraday's DSP core [8], the test benches, and the Seamless [1] tool. In our HW/SW co-verification system, the software part will execute the computation-intensive part and the hardware will be responsible for the signal communication. The experiments have shown that our HW/SW co-verification system have a great improvement in the simulation performance over 70 times than the traditional method.
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LI, GUO-AN, and 李國安. "Optimal planning of co-generation system." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34092531725344438720.
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Luo, Yuan-Hong, and 羅元鴻. "Power System Analysis of Co-generation System in Petrochemical Plants." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62564758557918058667.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
101
The aim of this thesis is analyzing petrochemical plants co-generation system operating characteristic by simulating power flow, fault currents and transient stability. In order to meet the Taipower parallel co-generation technical operating guide and operate the petrochemical plant stably, the petrochemical plants and the 69kV power system are established by the power transient analysis software, ETAP. The voltage and power changes at the petrochemical plants and Taipower duty points when the power system is in the light and heavy load will be figured out by analyzing power flow. To avoid the three-phase fault current exceeds the circuit breaker capacity(Circuit Breaker, CB) and to ensure the fault is isolated. The power system analysis is include analyzing the power system stability during the outages occurs inside or outside the factory, and performing the buses or the generators response of co-generation plant after disconnect with Taipower system and then become a regional islanding power system. To figure out the possible impact of the various outages in the plant, the fault simulation analysis is necessary. This thesis provides a method of petrochemical plant operation and a reference of the co-generation system for enhance the security and stability of co-generation system operation in planning of construction.
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Islam, Shariful. "Dependability Driven System Level Co-Design and Optimization of Embedded Systems." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1224/1/myThesis-Islam.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Embedded systems are becoming pervasive in diverse application domains such as automotive, avionic, medical, control and their functionality is increasingly defined by software (SW). Such systems especially in safety-critical (SC) applications, with implications on system dependability and real-time must be designed to be dependable (fault tolerant) enough and have to meet timing requirements in order to avoid any potential catastrophic consequences. More and more new and innovative functionality is being integrated into such systems, invariably leading to a heterogeneous environment consisting of applications of mixed-criticality (SC and non-SC), each with associated extra-functional requirements such as dependability, timing, resources and power consumption. Efficient system design methods and techniques are needed to be developed to integrate these diverse applications across limited hardware (HW) resources. This thesis develops a novel dependability-driven system level SW-HW co-design methodology which systematically guides the design and optimization of such embedded systems from requirements analysis phase through integration to the prototyping. We first develop the concept of a consolidated mapping of SC and non-SC applications onto a common distributed computing architecture such that their operational delineation is maintained over the integration. We then devise an optimization based co-design approach through quantifying the various design objectives/variables. Our aim is to develop the design methodology for an integrated embedded architecture. A heuristic based systematic mapping process is elaborated for integrating varied criticality applications. A set of functional and extra-functional requirements and constraints are satisfied during the mapping. At an early design stage, the mapping considers rigorous design strategies such as fault tolerance, fault/error containment, robust partitioning, timeliness, resource and power consumption. Dependability is ensured through replication of application jobs with high criticality and a schedulability analysis is presented for guaranteeing the timeliness properties. The developed mapping algorithm generates an initial feasible solution and guides the optimization in a unified and efficient way. We develop a comprehensive multi variable optimization (MVO) framework which quantifies and optimizes a set of competing variables from dependability, real-time and resource perspectives. During the optimization process the satisfaction of constraints is maintained. The key aspect of the approach is to enhance dependability by using fault containment mechanisms including the quantification and estimation of the considered design variables. The framework is extended by quantifying and modeling the reliability and system level power consumption as design variables. In order to evaluate and validate the developed methods and techniques presented in the thesis, we have performed extensive experiments. Throughout the thesis we illustrate our ideas and concept using real-life automotive examples (where these techniques were actually validated). The concept is applied to a supporting tool set where we develop a prototype of the system level co-design approach. The prototype is created adhering to a transformation based design process.
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"The immune system and pathogen co-evolution." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/62199.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis presented on the co-evolution of the immune system and pathogens. The generalized NK (GNK) model is used to describe the fitness landscape upon which the evolution proceeds. Evolution from the scale of viruses to organisms is considered.
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Huang, Jhang-Ming, and 黃章銘. "A Co-means Location-Based Recommendation System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5gppag.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
102
By the mass information over the Internet and the popularization of smart phones, it becomes an important issue on filtering redundant data via location-based service (LBS). The system could provide point of interest (POI) lists based on user’s current position or the predicted location of users later. We proposed a Co-means Location-Based Recommendation System (CLBRS) to cluster data to speed up searching time, and predicted the score of unrecorded POIs through user’s rating relevance. This study also defined the turning weight of POIs to reflect the moving direction of users. The POI along user’s moving direction would be recommended preferentially. The simulation results showed that our policy CLBRS had less recommendation error and system calculation time than RGSCU, IFCCF and UCICF. When user’s velocity is set to 4 km/hr with 0.5 km query range, CLBRS in recommendation error was less than others about 39 % and in system calculation time was shorter than others about 32 %. Nevertheless, CLBRS in recommendation coverage was only less than others about 11 %. When user’s velocity is set to 40 km/hr with 0.5 km, 1.0 km and 1.5 km query range, CLBRS in recommendation error was less than others about 49 % and in system calculation time was shorter than others about 41 %. However, CLBRS in average recommendation coverage was only less than others about 13 %. The experiment results showed that CLBRS had better recommendation accuracy and shorter response time.
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Zeng, Ye Di, and 曾也迪. "Stability Analysis of a Co-Generation System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2q2kwf.
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Wang, Yung-Hung, and 王泳弘. "Exchange Anisotropy in the Co/NiMn System." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59400693442859843315.
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博士國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
91
This work has focused on the study of the exchange anisotropy in the Co/NiMn systems, especially on the correlation between the exchange anisotropy and NiMn crystal structure. Two main issues have been discussed in this dissertation. The first issue is the developments of the growth of epitaxial and textured Co/NiMn thin films using electron-beam evaporation system. By choosing the appropriate buffer layers, (001) and (111) high-quality epitaxial films can be grown on hydrogen-terminated Si (001) and (111) substrates, respectively. The (001) films were grown through a Cu buffer layer based on the MMES technique while the (111) films were grown by means of the Au/Cu buffer layers. Besides, for the (001) system it was found that the structure of NiMn strongly depends on the deposition temperature. The (001) epitaxial NiMn can be grown at 120°C whereas the (001) textured NiMn was formed if the growth temperature is lower than 120°C. In addition, it was found that there is a dramatic change of the structure of Co/NiMn films when an extra Au layer is inserted into the Cu buffer layer on hydrogen-terminated Si (001) substrates. We found that the Co/NiMn films still maintain the (001) epitaxial films when the Au thickness is smaller than 5Å. However, an unusual structure of (111) high-textured films constructed of two sets of (111) epitaxial grain rotated by 90° with respect to each other along [111] direction is obtained when the Au thickness is thicker than 50Å. Furthermore, by changing the thickness of the Au layer between 5 to 20 Å, we can manipulate the volume fraction of (111) grains. These results enable us to control the microstructure of Co/NiMn films, and provide an incentive to study the relationship between the exchange anisotropy and the crystal structure. The second issue is the study of magnetic properties in Co/NiMn films with different crystal structures. In (001) epitaxial films, we found that the exchange coupling between Co and NiMn not only induces a unidirectional exchange anisotropy but also an extra unidirection anisotropy. In addition, unusual double-shifted hysteresis loops were observed when measured along the hard axis, which can be attributed to the induced uniaxial anisotropy. Furthermore, the anisotropy constants can be quantitatively determined in the (001) epitaxial films by numerical fitting the unusual double-shifted loops. This is the first report of the accurate determination of the exchange-bias-induced uniaxial anisotropy constant. We also study the temperature effect on anisotropy constants in (001) epitaxial films. Compared with the results of (111) textured films, we found that the crystalline anisotropy constant in NiMn drastically decreases with increasing temperature around 180°C. In (111) epitaxial and high-textured films, we found that the NiMn phase transformation is easier occurred in (111) planes than in (001) planes. In addition, our results indicate that the exchange field of Co/NiMn films increases with increasing (111) textured. However, for the (111) epitaxial films, the exchange field was suppressed due to the stabilizing effect at interfaces as will as the lack of nucleation sites for NiMn phase transformation. In the study of the effect of orientation transition from (001) to (111) on the exchange anisotropy, we found that the exchange anisotropy in Co/NiMn is very sensitive to the NiMn orientation, and is less sensitive to the interface roughness. Furthermore, both of the exchange field and the coercivity increase with increasing the volume fraction of (111) grains.
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Chang, Bai-Hao, and 張栢豪. "System of Solving the High CO Concentration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77752006633344430601.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
102
The study adopted a Holteck HT66F50, featured with Flash Memory A/D type 8-bit microcontroller (MCU), and connected with a MQ7 gas sensor and ventilation fans on the ceiling to input the level of carbon monoxide (CO) into the MCU for calculating. As the level of CO in the air reaches 100 ppm, the fans will be activated to exhaust CO out to the space; besides, if the level of CO in the air is over 200 ppm, the buzzer will sound indicating “Alarm”. Carbon monoxide detectors on the market can only buzz during alarm and chirp if a trouble is found, and the prices are high; thus, the study focused on designing a low-cost and multi-functional carbon monoxide detector. The detector is far different from those on the market due to its uninterruptable power system (UPS) which can continuously run the device during power failure and provide an emergency lighting and be a USB charger. Nowadays, people have relied on 3C products; therefore, the detector has become practical, especially during power failure. The most important feature is that it can monitor the level of carbon dioxide indoor and prevent people from suffering carbon dioxide poisoning.
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Yu, Shiao-Wei, and 余孝緯. "The Simulation System of Co-planar Radiotherapy." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k58hg4.
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碩士國立成功大學
醫學工程研究所碩博士班
90
The goal of radiation dosage distribution profiles is to deliver a high dose target volumes and reduce damage for the surrounding healthy tissues. In traditional, the forward methods are applied to establish the dose distributions. It is a kind of trial-and-error method to waste a lot of time, however, maybe cannot find the optimal solution. In order to more increase the accuracy of dose computation, the inverse models are introduced in this study to find and solve the optimization beam angles and positions. The GA-based computerized software with a 2D graphic-user-interface has been developed to solve the optimization problem and to control the beams positions that replace the manual arranged beam positions in radiotherapy treatment planning.
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孫承憲. "A Co-operation Distributed Memory Cache System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24473079313015269727.
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碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
101
When network services become more and more complex, the size of database systems also grows larger and larger. Database systems thus cannot satisfy the need of the users. Memory cache system is a common solution to this modern problem. It keeps the data and the objects in the memory to reduce the requests send to the database system. Since the speed of memory is faster than disk I/O, memory cache system effectively reduces the query time needed. Memcached is the most common package used in memory cache systems. In this thesis, we introduce Agent Of Memcached, AOM. It is a distributed, standalone daemon that helps Memcached to achieve scalability and conveniences. AOM can seamlessly integrate into current service architecture without modifying client code or server code. It can also add new memcached server or remove dead memcached server from the online service without stopping the whole service, and achieve scalability for Memcached. AOM will automatically distribute cached objects, thus reduce the workload of client-side and save development time. Although there are performance tradeoffs to add AOM into online services, we believe the scalability, convenience and co-operating ability that AOM brings is worth the cost. In short, AOM can achieve functionality expansion and lower development cost without changing current architecture.
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Chang, Bai-Hao, and 張?豪. "System of Solving the High CO Concentration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/duc7x6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
102
The study adopted a Holteck HT66F50, featured with Flash Memory A/D type 8-bit microcontroller (MCU), and connected with a MQ7 gas sensor and ventilation fans on the ceiling to input the level of carbon monoxide (CO) into the MCU for calculating. As the level of CO in the air reaches 100 ppm, the fans will be activated to exhaust CO out to the space; besides, if the level of CO in the air is over 200 ppm, the buzzer will sound indicating “Alarm”. Carbon monoxide detectors on the market can only buzz during alarm and chirp if a trouble is found, and the prices are high; thus, the study focused on designing a low-cost and multi-functional carbon monoxide detector. The detector is far different from those on the market due to its uninterruptable power system (UPS) which can continuously run the device during power failure and provide an emergency lighting and be a USB charger. Nowadays, people have relied on 3C products; therefore, the detector has become practical, especially during power failure. The most important feature is that it can monitor the level of carbon dioxide indoor and prevent people from suffering carbon dioxide poisoning.
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SHU, CHENG PEN, and 舒正本. "A Research for Co-security－focus on the research for Co-mortgage System." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94108774245297586639.
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Liu, Ming-Lun, and 劉明倫. "Efficient Hardware/Software Co-design with System Software Co-simulation via Native Translation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43299696572914011209.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
91
In the past years, System-on-Chip (SOC) becomes an industry in great demand. As the chip designs reach larger gate counts and time-to-market windows shrink, the cost of simulation and vari‾cation in the process of hardware/software co-design rises outstandingly. Slowdown is one of the most important factors of simulations, since the practicability of the simulation depends on the length of the simulation time. In this thesis, we introduce a native translator which is embedded in the instruction-set simulator, translating the translatable basic blocks of in the target program been found out automatically. The experimental results will show our proposed mechanism can reduce the lowdown of the instruction-set simulator remarkably. We also implemented a simple scheduler that demonstrates the system software co-simulation with native translation is a practical process which could be considered a way to achieve the hardware/software co-design.
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王璽鈞. "Study of electrooxidation of CO in alkaline system." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60724587050447775235.
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Gonzalez-Brenes, Jose P., and 鞏和平. "SMURF: A Cross-lingual Co-derivative Detection System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51824082648164983618.
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碩士國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
95
An automatic approach to detect content overlapping will mitigate the workload on the repetitiveness and tedious nature of manually checking the originality of a large pool of documents. The objective of this research is to design and evaluate a novel algorithm, SMURF –Semantic MUltilingual Related-Document Finder, aimed to find pairs of documents in different languages that share a common source (co-derivative) which may be used to facilitate the protection of intellectual property. We demonstrate SMURF on identifying English co-derivatives on the Web of Spanish documents on several textual domains with a sentence-level precision of 88.75%. Although SMURF’s design focused on English and Spanish, the concepts applied could be easily implemented on other languages where the constituent technologies have been studied.
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Cheng, Yi-Ching, and 鄭伊菁. "Co-operative of the Financial System of Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38470570605681202929.
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碩士銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
98
The Taiwan area cooperation finance system of credit society, the easant association credit department, the fishing by the basic unit meets the credit department to be composed. As a result of the historical origin, as well as the financial service proliferates the Taiwan various areas, the cooperation finance system has developed in the overall financial system an important link. However the recent years, the financial liberalization policy opened gradually, the new commercial bank approved to set up; As well as other one after another financial system reform, causes the relative relations between the Taiwan area finance system organization to have the change.Therefore, how improves the cooperation financial organ the management, cooperates perfectly the financial system operation, causes it to continue in the financial system to act the suitable role, the display keeps in balance the free economy function, the relative economical weak one provides the common people for the society in the financial service, should have the research necessity. The Taiwan agriculture fishing can establish already in the recent hundred years, only since Republic of China 80''s, because our country money market liberalization, the internationalization date is deep, because the financial industry competition are day by day intense, compare in the bank or other financial organ, the agriculture (fishing) meet the credit department to be the regional financial organ, its management scale small, the service project is limited and the capital accumulates with difficulty and so on the factors, the management falls into gradually the difficult position, the agriculture (fishing) meets the credit department to have to have urgently the upper formation mother good achievement its management backing. Based on Taiwan and Japanese, Dutch, Germany''s agriculture financial system is similar, suggested may imitate experience Japanese, Dutch, the German, the credit society, the agricultural fishing meets the credit department to promote for the bank for cooperative, its upper formation organization takes on by the national agriculture national treasury under, and leads in the national agriculture national treasury, if the basic unit bank for cooperative and the subsidiary company, face way of development the financial holding company.
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Lin, Chun-Wei, and 林峻瑋. "STUDY ON CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE FOR WiMAX SYSTEM." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07759569857332639599.
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碩士大同大學
通訊工程研究所
99
The operator use's Cellular Network decrease Transmit power to increase the density of Base station and system capacity, but frequency reuse may cause the problem of co-channel interference more serious. The thesis focuses on investigating the distribution of base station in the area with serious interference to find the position of weak signal. By increasing the bandwidth to improve the problem of co-channel interference, and we can prove that it can decrease the problem of co-channel interference and increase the quality of signal via the actual measurement and the analytical data. In reality, it is difficult to increase the usable bandwidth so we use Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output(MIMO) to improve the influence of the co-channel interference. In the WiMAX campus experiment network, established in cooperation of Tatung University and Alcatel-Lucent(ALU) in 2009, we use the VoIP and FTP to estimate the influence of the co-channel interference. By the experiment, we know the MIMO Technology and the real performance. The result can be used by the manufacturers and students for network application and hardware development or the ISP vendor who using the ALU equipment for network maintenance.