Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Co-Réseaux'
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Janbain, Ali. "Utilisation d'algorithmes génétiques pour l'identification systématique de réseaux de gènes co-régulés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT019/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a new automatic approach to identify networks of genes involved in the same biological function. This allows a better understanding of the biological phenomena and in particular of the processes involved in diseases such as cancers. Various strategies have been developed to try to cluster genes of an organism according to their functional relationships : classical genetics and molecular genetics. Here we use a well-known property of functionally related genes mainly that these genes are generally co-regulated and therefore co-expressed. This co-regulation can be detected by microarray meta-analyzes databases such as Gemma or COXPRESdb. In a previous work [Al Adhami et al., 2015], the topology of a gene coexpression network was characterized using two description parameters of networks that discriminate randomly selected groups of genes (random modules, RM) from groups of genes with known functional relationship (functional modules, FM), e.g. genes that belong to the same GO Biological Process. We first tested different topological descriptors of the co-expression network to select those that best identify functional modules. Then, we built a database of functional and random modules for which, based on the selected descriptors, we constructed a discrimination model (LDA)[Friedman et al., 2001] allowing, for a given subset of genes, predict its type (functional or not). Based on the similarity method of genes worked by Wang and co-workers [Wang et al., 2007], we calculated a functional similarity score between the genes of a module. We combined this score with that of the LDA model in a fitness function implemented in a genetic algorithm (GA). Starting from a given Gene Ontology Biological Process (GO-BP), AG aimed to eliminate genes that were weakly coexpressed with the largest clique of the GO-BP and to add genes that "improved" the topology and functionality of the module. We tested TopoFunc on the 193 murine GO-BPs comprising 50-100 genes and showed that TopoFunc aggregated a number of novel genes to the initial GO-BP while improving module topology and functional similarity. These studies can be conducted on several species (humans, mice, rats, and possibly chicken and zebrafish) to identify functional modules preserved during evolution
Roth, Camille. "Co-évolution dans les Réseaux Epistémiques- Un exemple de reconstruction en sciences sociales." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068958.
Full textCette thèse se situe dans le cadre de ce programme de recherche. Parallèlement et plus largement, nous nous intéressons à la question de la reconstruction en sciences sociales. La reconstruction est un problème inverse comprenant deux volets complémentaires: (i) la déduction d'observations de haut-niveau à partir de phénomènes de bas-niveau; et (ii) la reproduction de l'évolution des observations de haut-niveau à partir de la dynamique des objets de bas-niveau.
Nous affirmons que plusieurs aspects significatifs de la structure d'une communauté de savoirs sont principalement produits par la dynamique d'un réseau épistémique où co-évoluent agents et concepts. En particulier, nous résolvons le premier volet du problème de la reconstruction en utilisant des treillis de Galois afin de recréer des taxonomies de communautés de savoirs à partir de simples relations entre agents et concepts; nous obtenons de fait une description historique se rapportant à la progression des champs, leur déclin, leur spécialisation ou leurs interactions (fusion ou scission). Nous micro-fondons ensuite la structure de ces communautés de savoirs en exhibant et en estimant empiriquement des processus d'interaction au niveau des agents, en co-évolution avec les concepts au sein du réseau épistémique, qui rendent compte de la morphogenèse et de l'émergence de plusieurs faits stylisés structurels de haut-niveau - il s'agit là du deuxième volet.
Nous défendons finalement un point de vue épistémologique concernant la méthodologique générale de reconstruction d'un système complexe qui appuie notre choix d'un cadre co-évolutionnaire.
Baussand, Julie. "Evolution des séquences protéiques : signatures structurales hydrophobes et réseaux d'acides aminés co-évolués." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066011.
Full textSence, Johann. "Contribution au co-design et à la co-intégration de réseaux d’antennes actives multi-bandes pour systèmes de radionavigation par satellite." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0087.
Full textThis work takesplace in the context of developingelectronic systems for communications equipment, localization or monitoringequipment with a high integration density. The deployment of these systems must also meet a growing demand for flexibility in terms of frequencies, power or coverage. The frequency flexibility can be simultaneous with multiband devices or selective by reconfiguring the frequency band. The power flexibility enables to minimize consumption of the system and the coverage flexibility to direct the beam to the target to optimize the budget link or otherwise protect a source of noise. The increase in efficiency and compactness passes through the combination of elementary functions (LNA / filter / antenna) that reduces interconnect floors and considering the interactions between the different elements. The primary objective of this project is to develop a co-design methodology of the antenna with the associated circuits (filters and LNA) to achieve optimal performances (radiation,efficiency, ...) with an integrated and compact device
Razgani, Hasnae. "Réseaux sociaux et compétence de l’auditeur de terrain : le cas du cabinet Audit & Co." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7376.
Full textThe auditor’s competence has been considered in the literature as an insurance of “detection capability” without taking into account the relational component. From a participant observation of a period of four years within the Audit and Co firm, we are interested in understanding the link between one of the foundations of Audit quality, namely competence and the Audit firm as a social organization. Using as a framework for analyzing social network theory in three ways: social capital, trust and reputation. The results of our research allow to go a little further than the traditional and impersonal vision which offers classical approach of the auditor’s competence. Insofar the constitution of social capital, conditioned by the combination trust-reputation, is crucial for the evolution of the auditor career. Beyond a purely “technical ” competence, to be socially integrated in a network that allows to evolve more within the firm
Mechraoui, Amine. "Co-conception d'un système commandé en réseau sans fil à l'aide de réseaux bayésiens distribués." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0147.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of co-design of Wireless Networked Control systems (WNCS). The integration of the Wireless Network (WN) in the control loop influences the Quality of Control (QoC) of the system in terms of the Quality of Service (QoS) of the WN. We present a co-design approach for WNCS based on distributed Bayesian Network (BN). The proposed BN is constructed from the experimental data of the Khepera III robot. This approach allows to make decisions to ensure a good QoC for the robot and also ensure that the QoS is always sufficient to maintain a good QoC. Keeping a sufficient QoS depends on the scheduling method used and therefore the proposed approach aims also to determine the proper method of scheduling to keep the system's performance
Brunet, Anne-Claire. "Développement d'outils statistiques pour l'analyse de données transcriptomiques par les réseaux de co-expression de gènes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30373/document.
Full textToday's, new biotechnologies offer the opportunity to collect a large variety and volume of biological data (genomic, proteomic, metagenomic...), thus opening up new avenues for research into biological processes. In this thesis, what we are specifically interested is the transcriptomic data indicative of the activity or expression level of several thousands of genes in a given cell. The aim of this thesis was to propose proper statistical tools to analyse these high dimensional data (n<
Pieralisi, Lorenzo. "Modélisation de réseau de communication flexible pour les systèmes monopuces." Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164027.
Full textThe Multi-Processors Systems on a chip (MPSoC) era is bringing about many new challenges for systems design in terms of computation and communication subsystems complexity. Interconnection systems became a pivotal component of the overall design, providing designers with advanced communication features such as split transactions, atomic operations and security adds-on. Momentum is building behind Networks on-chip (NoC) as future on-chip interconnection technology. Networks on-chip role is about to take over shared busses whose scalability properties are already a major bottleneck for system design. Modeling of on-chip network is an exacting work ; networks models must be fast, accurate and they have to sport standard interfaces. The main contributions of this work to networks on-chip design and implementation are : (1) the development of a brand new, full-fledged network on-chip simulator based on OCCN, an open-source framework for NoC modeling developed within sourceforge available at http://occn. Sourceforge. Net, (2) the successful integration of heterogeneous simulation environments in extremely complex platforms used to benchmark real STMicroelectronics SoCs and (3) thorough understanding and contribution to the design of STNoC, the new interconnection technology developed within AST Grenoble lab of STMicroelectronics for future generation systems. The modeling environment has been used to benchmark two STMicroelectronics systems on-chip for High Definition digital Television (HDTV)
Zoghbi, Mohamad El. "Analyse électromagnétique et outils de modélisation couplés : Application à la conception hybride de composants et modules hyperfréquences." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f3d13e75-6667-4684-84eb-37cfeebda8cc/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose several methods dedicated to a rapid optimization of microwave modules while taking into account the EM parasites phenomena : - One of theses approaches is dedicated to the optimization of modules MCM packaging. It combines the advantages of circuit simulation and the EM simulation. The disadvantages of the latter are limited by using of neural networks. - A second hybrid approach is dedicated to a fast optimization of the characteristics of quasi-TEM lines in a modular environment. - A third method of segmentation by digital access is proposed to the characterization of the effect of coupling between adjacent elements on a combination of space power. Finally, we describe how it would be possible to model the radiation of components by equivalent Huygens surfaces in a modular environment
Stil, Aurélie. "Contribution des co-transporteurs cation chlorure KCC2 et NKCC1, à la maturation et la modulation des réseaux locomoteurs spinaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20693.
Full textThe mature brain and spinal cord are precisely wired to process sensory information into coherent patterns of activity that form the basis of our perception and motor behaviors. This precise wiring is not fully developed at birth. The pattern of connections that emerges during prenatal development only roughly approximates the final wiring. This initially coarse pattern of connections is subsequently refined by activity-dependent mechanisms that match precisely the presynaptic neurons to their appropriate target cells. In spinal cord, spontaneous activity (SA) is responsible for spontaneous limb movements and myoclonic twitching observed in all immature mammals, including human babies. SA can be seen as the first steps of the locomotor network since its participates in the development of the locomotor system.Locomotion is produced by neural networks located in the spinal cord (Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). Activation of CPGs, evokes a fictive locomotor pattern consisting of alternation between the motor bursts on the left and right sides of the spinal cord, as well as alternation between flexor and extensor bursts on the same side. Operation of neural networks depends on the balance between excitation and inhibition. At early stages of development, neuronal assemblies are hyperexcitable mainly because of GABA and glycine, the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in adults,that are depolarizing. GABA and glycine action depends on the intracellular concentration of chloride ([Cl-]i) which is finely regulated by specific cation-chloride co-transporters, called KCC2 and NKCC1
Vaubourg, Julien. "Intégration de modèles de réseaux IP à un multi-modèle DEVS, pour la co-simulation de systèmes cyber-physiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0022/document.
Full textModeling and simulation (M&S) of cyber-physical systems (CPS) can require representing components from three expertise fields: physics, information systems, and communication networks (IP). There is no universal simulator with all of the required skills, but we can gather and interconnect models provided by the communities, with a multi-model. The challenges are 1) integrating all heterogeneities in a multi-model (formalisms, representations, implementations), 2) integrating IP models in a way enabling them to represent the transport of application data produced by external models, and 3) integrating IP models in a way enabling them to complete each other, to be able to represent CPS heterogeneous IP networks. In order to meet these challenges, we relied our solution on the works around MECSYCO, a co-simulation platform based on the DEVS wrapping principle. We propose to define a comprehensive framework enabling to achieve DEVS wrapping of IP models, with 1) a structuration of different issue levels when integrating IP models in a co-simulation (goals and constraints of the wrapping) and 2) a proposition of a DEVS wrapping strategy for IP models and their simulators. We propose some evaluations of our approach, through the integration of two popular IP simulators, and concrete examples of CPS M&S (inter alia, with an example of a models interconnection between NS-3 and OMNeT++/INET, and an industrial application used by EDF R&D)
Delpy, Alain. "Développement embryonnaire des inhibitions GABA/Glycine chlorure-dépendantes dans les réseaux moteurs spinaux : rôle des co-transporteurs NKCC1 et KCC2." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13572.
Full textVasseur, Yann. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation orientés pour les facteurs de transcription d'Arabidopsis thaliana et création de groupes de co-régulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS475/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the characterisation of key genes in gene expression regulation, called transcription factors, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using expression data, our biological goal is to cluster transcription factors in groups of co-regulator transcription factors, and in groups of co-regulated transcription factors. To do so, we propose a two-step procedure. First, we infer the network of regulation between transcription factors. Second, we cluster transcription factors based on their connexion patterns to other transcriptions factors.From a statistical point of view, the transcription factors are the variables and the samples are the observations. The regulatory network between the transcription factors is modelled using a directed graph, where variables are nodes. The estimation of the nodes can be interpreted as a problem of variables selection. To infer the network, we perform LASSO type penalised linear regression. A preliminary approach selects a set of variable along the regularisation path using penalised likelihood criterion. However, this approach is unstable and leads to select too many variables. To overcome this difficulty, we propose to put in competition two selection procedures, designed to deal with high dimension data and mixing linear penalised regression and subsampling. Parameters estimation of the two procedures are designed to lead to select stable set of variables. Stability of results is evaluated on simulated data under a graphical model. Subsequently, we use an unsupervised clustering method on each inferred oriented graph to detect groups of co-regulators and groups of co-regulated. To evaluate the proximity between the two classifications, we have developed an index of comparaison of pairs of partitions whose relevance is tested and promoted. From a practical point of view, we propose a cascade simulation method required to respect the model complexity and inspired from parametric bootstrap, to simulate data under our model. We have validated our model by inspecting the proximity between the two classifications on simulated and real data
Nguyen, Xuan hung. "Réseaux de communication et applications de contrôle-commande." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0025/document.
Full textThis thesis is in the field of Networked Controlled Systems, which are multidisciplinary systemsand which experience a great development in the context of the current technology andintroduce new research problems, particularly for the communities of Automatic Control andCommunication Network. The aim is to show the interest in considering a bidirectional link betweenthe Quality of Control (QoC) (stability and performance of process control applications) andQuality of Service (QoS) (delays in the transmissions) and to focus on Local Area Networks and,more particularly, on the scheduling of frames in the MAC layer in which we consider CSMAMAC protocols.Our work first concerns a CAN network where we have three proposals. The first proposalconsists of solutions for QoS, for process control applications, which are based on the conceptof hybrid priority for the frame scheduling in which we define a dynamic priority part which dependson a QoC parameter. This allows to implement a relation QoC→QoS. The second proposalconsists of QoC solutions by using a compensation method for time delays (maintenance of dominantpoles) which allows to implement a relation QoS→QoC. The third proposal consists inimplementing a relation QoS⇋QoC that ensures, for the implementation of several applications,a fairness property. We then discuss the specific context of Wireless LANs, where, on the onehand, we define collision-free CSMA MAC protocols on the basis of priorities and, on the otherhand, we show the feasibility of the ideas developed in the CAN network
Barnes, Calypso. "Vérification et validation de propriétés de protocoles pour réseaux de capteurs sans fil grâce au couplage de la simulation et de l’émulation et du système." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4047/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks are a thriving area that shows good potential for many applications. In order for manufacturers to adopt this technology more easily, it is necessary to demonstrate that the operation of these networks is reliable, and therefore validate the protocols used by the network nodes to communicate. Different validation methods can be used, but we show that to date, none of these methods has proved to be ideal. We have therefore developed a new validation tool for these protocols, a simulation environment called SNOOPS. This tool is able to execute the binary code of the compiled protocol on a model of the node’s hardware platform. The node is modeled by combining QEMU, a virtual platform emulator, with SystemC, a hardware description language which is used in this context to model different hardware peripherals as well as the network communications between nodes. SNOOPS’s main appeal is the observer module, whose role is to stop the simulation if a protocol property has been violated, in order to find the error that is at the origin of this violation through a debugger. The properties of the protocol under test are modeled in Light Esterel, a synchronous reactive language, based on the protocol’s specifications. They are then compiled into C to be inserted more simply in the observer. An additional advantage of SNOOPS is a module to interpret and re-inject into simulation frames recorded in a pcap (packet capture) format log, from tests with physical nodes for which the origin of bugs could not be determined. We tested with SNOOPS the OCARI protocol developed by EDF R&D and its industrial and academic partners
Espinasse, Hidalgo Isabelle. "Etude des mécanismes des réactions de transestérification ester-ester par RMN : synthèse et propriétés de réseaux à base de polyéthylène co acétate de vinyle et de polyéthylène co acrylate de méthyle." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10189.
Full textDad, Cherifa. "Méthodologie et algorithmes pour la distribution large échelle de co-simulations de systèmes complexes : application aux réseaux électriques intelligents (Smart Grids)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CSUP0004.
Full textThe emergence of Smart Grids is causing profound changes in the electricity distribution business. Indeed, these networks are seeing new uses (electric vehicles, air conditioning) and new decentralized producers (photovoltaic, wind), which make it more difficult to ensure a balance between electricity supply and demand, and imposes to introduce a form of distributed intelligence between their different components. Considering its complexity and the extent of its implementation, it is necessary to co-simulate it in order to validate its performances. In the RISEGrid institute, CentraleSupélec and EDF R&D have developed a co-simulation platform based on the FMI2 (Functional Mock-up Interface) standard called DACCOSIM, permitting to design and develop Smart Grids. The key components of this platform are represented as gray boxes called FMUs (Functional Mock-up Unit). In addition, simulators of the physical systems of Smart Grids can make backtracking when an inaccuracy is suspected in FMU computations, unlike discrete simulators (control units) that often can only advance in time. In order these different simulators collaborate, we designed a hybrid solution that takes into account the constraints of all the components, and precisely identifies the types of the events that system is facing. This study has led to a FMI standard change proposal. Moreover, it is difficult to rapidly design an efficient Smart Grid simulation, especially when the problem has a national or even a regional scale.To fill this gap,we have focused on the most computationally intensive part, which is the simulation of physical devices. We have therefore proposed methodologies, approaches and algorithms to quickly and efficiently distribute these different FMUs on distributed architectures. The implementation of these algorithms has already allowed simulating large-scale business cases on a multi-core PC cluster. The integration of these methods into DACCOSIM will enable EDF engineers to design « large scale Smart Grids » which will be more resistant to breakdowns
Brastel, Alexis. "Architectures (co)polymères à liens covalents dynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS004.
Full textDynamic covalent chemistry is an effective tool to synthetize complex architectural block (co)polymers which are difficult to achieve by conventional techniques. It permits also to develop materials that meet ecological and economic challenges (recycling, sustainability, cheap raw materials and products). In this work, we implemented imine bonds in amphiphilic comb-like copolymers and co-networks starting from PDMS with pendant amines and benzaldehyde-functionalized PEG oligomers. In a first part, we studied the properties of PDMS-r-PEG co-networks as a function of the imine crosslinking rate. The materials are flexible, little or no sticky and transparent. Thermo-mechanical analysis shows that they are micro-separated but with no long-distance order (AFM, SAXS). They can be thermally reprocessed and chemically recycled (acidic medium or in the presence of an amine), thanks to the reversible and exchangeable imine crosslinking points. In a second part, we studied the self-assembly in aqueous solution of PDMS-g-PEG comb-like copolymers with the degree of grafting of PEG chains. For a sufficient degree of grafting, the copolymers form colloidal suspensions which are stable over several months even though their shape / size change with the hydrolysis of the imine bonds. Their ability to encapsulate and release a hydrophobic compound, in single phase and in emulsion, has also been demonstrated
Du, Wan. "Modélisation et simulation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690466.
Full textAngelini, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles technologies de co-packaging et de co-design appliquées à la réalisation de modules photorécepteurs pour les systèmes de télécommunications de prochaine génération." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0023/document.
Full textThis thesis falls within the scope of high-speed short-reach optical communication where the growing need in data transfer forces the current architectures to evolve as quickly. Acces network and data-center components and subsystems must follow this growth, especially on the photoreceiver side. 40 Gb{s and beyond high-speed communications are limited by the current photoreceiver architecture, which, due to the integration of both of its main functions (photodetection[PD]/amplification[TIA]), limits the maximum achievable bandwitdh. In order to reduce the amount of components and price caused by multi-architectures, photoreceivers bandwidth must be increased. Two solutions are proposed so that the photoreceiver performances can be optimized : A co-packaging approach in which both main functions of the photoreceiver are considered as black boxes to which must be added an external circuit allowing to increase the bandwidth, and a co-design approach in which a new transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed, integrating a pre-equalizing function based on the photodiode characteristics, allowing an enhancement of the photoreceiver bandwitdh
Sotto-Sidoun, Eric. "Les nouvelles formes de participation dans les forums publics de consommateurs : vers un dispositif de co-innovation." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0946/document.
Full textIn this researching work, we questioned the consumer’s practices of a technological and cultural product - the digital book - in public forums of discussion, with the final objective of identifying innovative consumer habits. Our interdisciplinary approach is based on the theoretical framework of the interactionism, by borrowing the key concepts of the daily interactions analysis (Erving Goffman) and of the verbal interactions (Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni), by joining the researches on the Documents for Action (DofA) and the Cooperative Transactions in a prospect of innovation product-market (Manuel Zacklad). In an approach of non-participating and ethical observation, we proceeded to the qualitative analysis of several threads of conversations on the digital book, observed in the forum BOOKNODE.COM. Our interpretations suggest that the consumer forum in a self-managed and self-regulated collaborative space, which the dominant activity concerns an exchange of practical knowledge, based on an expression defended from an individual standpoint or a commented and detailed experience feedback. We maintain that the consumer forum returns spontaneously not readily identifiable consumer habits. However, the absence of an analysis model satisfying to detect these uses, gave us the opportunity to build a new reading grid, then to submit a new interpretative approach. The application of our model - to deal in depth - in a co-innovative plan, results in the construction of an offer of new contents or new situations of possible consumer habits
Liesecke, Franziska. ""Coupable par association" : exploitation de ressources transcriptomiques pour la construction de réseaux de co-expression de gènes dédiés à l'élucidation de voies cellulaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3802.
Full textWith the rise of high throughput technologies able to provide a large-scale view of transcriptomes, a highamount data has been produced. This work focuses on publicly available data reuse to construct gene coexpressionnetworks for metabolic or signalling pathways elucidation. The final aim of this work, was toprovide a methodology for candidate gene identification and thus focuses on (i) the choice of an appropriateddistance to evaluate similarity between gene expression profiles, (ii) the identification of a minimal numberof samples to be included in the expression matrix in order to construct robust co-expression networks, andfinally (iii) the comparison of targeted co-expression networks built with the Pathway Level Co-expression(PLC) approach and using guide genes coding actors of the Multi Step Phosphorelay (MSP) among differentspecies
Nguyen, Xuan Hung. "Réseaux de Communication et Applications de Contrôle-Commande." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663316.
Full textRuelland, Régis. "Apport de la co-simulation dans la conception de l'architecture des dispositifs de commmande numérique pour les systèmes électriques." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000019/.
Full textSolanki, Jigar. "Approche générative conjointe logicielle-matérielle au développement du support protocolaire d’applications réseaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0301/document.
Full textCommunications between network applications is achieved by using rulesets known as protocols. Protocol messages are managed by the application layer known as the protocol parsing layer or protocol handling layer. Protocol parsers are coded in software, in hardware or based on a co-design approach. They represent the interface between the application logic and the outside world. Thus, they are critical components of network applications. Global performances of network applications are directly linked to the performances of their protocol parser layers.Developping protocol parsers consists of translating protocol specifications, written in a high level language such as ABNF towards low level software or hardware code. As the use of embedded systems is growing, hardware ressources become more and more available to applications on systems on chip (SoC). Nonetheless, developping a network application that uses hardware ressources is challenging, requiring not only expertise in hardware design, but also a knowledge of the protocols involved and an understanding of low-level network programming.This thesis proposes a generative hardware-software co-design based approach to the developpement of network protocol message parsers, to improve their performances without increasing the expertise the developper may need. Our approach is based on a dedicated language, called Zebra, that generates both hardware and software elements that compose protocol parsers. The necessary expertise is deported in the use of the Zebra language and the generated hardware components permit to improve global performances.The contributions of this thesis are as follows : We provide an analysis of network protocols and applications. This analysis allows us to detect the elements which performances can be improved using hardware ressources. We present the domain specific language Zebra to describe protocol handling layers. Software and hardware components are then generated according to Zebra specifications. We have built a SoC running a Linux operating system to assess our approach.We have designed hardware accelerators for different network protocols that are deployed and driven by applications. To increase sharing of parsing units between several tasks, we have developped a middleware that seamlessly manages all the accesses to the hardware components. The Zebra middleware allows several clients to access the ressources of a hardware accelerator. We have conducted several set of experiments in real conditions. We have compared the performances of our approach with the performances of well-knownprotocol handling layers. We observe that protocol handling layers baded on our approach are more efficient that existing approaches
Materia, Francesco. "Review and analysis of institutional and regulatory frameworks for fixed Next Generation Access networks." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED049.
Full textToday, data usage driven by content and service providers over the Internet is constantly increasing and telecoms operators are expected to meet an increasing demand for connectivity. In this context, it is vital that the transition between legacy and ultrabroadband networks is properly managed in order both to preserve or improve the state of competition in the market and to maximize efficient investment to the benefit of consumers through an appropriate combination of different forms of competition, of different technologies and of private and public investment. If properly accompanied, the transition from legacy to next generation access networks can represent a major opportunity for the current European telecommunications markets, definitively transforming them into competitive and modern markets and allowing ex ante regulation to progressively step-back.We review the institutional and regulatory frameworks for fixed next generation access networks currently implemented in France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and Spain. Based on a calibrated competition model, we simulate market evolution up to 2050 and appraise to what extent these frameworks seem effective in order to achieve the best long-term results both for the industry and for consumers. The results of our calibrated model suggest that, to a greater or lesser extent, some adjustments might be introduced in the above-mentioned frameworks in order to achieve better outcomes in terms of total welfare in the long run. For each of the countries reviewed, we formulate policy recommendations aimed to accelerate NGA coverage and to improve the state of competition in ultrabroadband
Gougeon, Adrien. "Optimisation d’un réseau dynamique et efficace en énergie servant à piloter la grille électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04086397.
Full textIn front of the challenges concerning the energy and environmental sectors, the electrical grid faces some limitations. A major issue of the current power network is the lack of communication and coordination between its actors to fully exploit its potential.To overcome those limitations, and offer new services to the actors of the electrical grid, we are moving toward the Smart Grid. The deployment of an additional infrastructure is necessary to enable the Smart Grid. This infrastructure, known as the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), aims to enhance the monitoring and communication capabilities of the actors of the electrical grid.The goal of this thesis is to quantify the performance degradation of some new services of the Smart Grid, due to the quality of service of the AMI. We explore several parameters of the communication infrastructure and observe through co-simulation how those parameters influence the efficiency of those services. One of the main objectives of the Smart Grid is to reduce energy consumption.In a second stage, we model the end-to-end energy consumption of an AMI at a large scale to assess its own consumption.The proposed co-simulation framework and consumption models are all license free
Mubarak, Oussama. "Designing and Modeling Collective Co-located Interactions for Art Installations." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1170/document.
Full textWith works such as Kinoautomat by Radúz Činčera, SAM - Sound Activated Mobile by Edward Ihnatowicz, and Glowflow by Myron Krueger, artists have deployed, as early as the 1960s, art installations engaging novel situations of collective co-located interaction, i.e involving multiple or even many spectators interacting in the same place via and with a digital apparatus. The number of those works has continued to increase since the beginning of the 21st century, taking advantage of the new opportunities offered by advances in real-time computer vision technologies and the advent of ubiquitous computing marked by the multiplication and interoperability of mobile computing devices. While experiences in this area are more and more frequent, they have not yet been the subject of structured analysis and, even less, of proposals for dedicated tools and design methods. How can we, nowadays, conceive such interactive art installations whose intrinsic complexity involves questions of the technical, social, cognitive and aesthetic order? This dissertation draws on previous work in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and interactive arts research with the aim of increasing our knowledge of the challenges faced both by art practitioners and participants in such collective interactive installations, and, beyond, the designers of apparatus in a promising future. A set of tools and guidelines are proposed when designing collective co-located interactions for digital art installations. First a classification system is developed centered on the most decisive aspects that allow the emergence of a collective experience. Two distinct approaches are then explored to find the bases of a graphical modeling language for the design and analysis of such apparatus. Build on top of Petri nets, the second approach supports modeling the spatial and material resources of an installation, as well as the human-machine, human-human and human-machine-human interactions. The investigations conducted for this research have required laying particular emphasis on the conditions - whether spatial, material, or human - which affect the ability for participants to co-construct a common aesthetic experience in the absence of orchestration or a preannounced goal to be achieved. While this singular approach primarily concerns interactive arts, it may be relevant to a wide range of research communities, including, and foremost, that of HCI, as well as CSCW, New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), interaction design, and even culture, museography in particular
Motie, Yassine. "Interopérabilité entre dispositifs hétérogènes en environnement ouvert pour la mise en oeuvre de co-simulation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30102.
Full textThe large number of electronic device features we use on a daily basis means a shift from a vision of old multifunction machines to distributed, widely distributed distributed devices in the environment. Knowing that a system is an integrated set of connected and interrelated elements (products, people, processes) in order to satisfy, in a given environment, one or more defined objectives and having characteristics such as the components that constitute it , the relations between these components, its environment, the constraints it undergoes, evolutions over time. The combination of these leads us to qualify some systems as complex due to the heterogeneity of the components constituting them, their evolution at various time scales and their geographical distribution integrating digital systems, physical and / or human operators in the loop. The difficulty of having a good vision of the system when it is complex (real and other simulated devices) and the probability of significant design error leads us to reflect on the ability to specify the product and verify the design using a virtual prototype, we are talking about simulation. When a complex system requires the use of different components specified by different designers working on different domains, this greatly increases the number of virtual prototypes. These different components unfortunately tend to remain too independent of each other thus preventing both the different designers from collaborating and their systems from being interconnected in order to fulfill one or more tasks that could not be accomplished by one of these elements only. The need for communication and cooperation is needed. This must take into account the different actors and coordinate them in their interactions within this complex system. But the advances in simulation in each area are considerable, each with its own software. Interoperability solutions are therefore necessary for the implementation of a co-simulation encouraging dialogue between disciplines and reducing errors, cost and development time. In our thesis we participate in the design of a co-simulation system which integrates different tools of simulation-trades based on the modeling of the behavior of devices like the simulation energetics and the simulation of wear of building materials within the same platform. After taking into account the concepts of architecture, communication (between simulators or with users) and visualization to define architecture models. We analyze the architecture that manages interoperability. We propose an interoperability approach based on the reuse and exchange of computational components. We will successively address the issues related to the interoperability structural and semantic levels, the co-simulation strategies, the design methods of the task model allowing the construction of black box components. Then we will present the concrete implementation of our global design methodology and the verification tool of some properties of the architecture, such as coherence and semantics
Roy, Mélanie. "Evolution de la mycohétérotrophie chez les orchidées." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20140.
Full textMycoheterotrophic plants are non-photosynthetic plants that receive their organic carbon from mycorrhizal fungi. During orchid evolution, this nutrition arose 20 times. Every green orchid are more or less specifically associated with mycorrhizal fungi, known as saprobes, whereas mycoheterotrophic species are specifically associated with tree mycorrhizal fungi. Interpretations about fungal partner changes associated with mycohétérotrophie evolution were mainly based on temperate mycoheterotrophic orchids, while most of mycohétérotrophes occur in tropical regions. This work studies orchid genera occurring in both temperate and tropical ecosystems in two sub-tribe: Nervilieae (Epipogium) and Neottieae (Cephalanthera and Aphyllorchis) in order to determine the identity, the ecology and the specificity of their fungal partners in a narrow phylogenetical background. While Nervilieae present fungal partners changes between temperate and tropical ecosystems, Neottieae are always associated to tree mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, some Neottieae green species produce punctual mycoheterotrophic individuals that survive. These albino individuals are always rare and seem to have a lower fitness, due to a lower carbon budget, their leaf physiology, and their low pigment content. All these factors make them more susceptible to pathogens, herbivores and light or water stresses, and reduce their seed set. Comparison of their fitness in two different environments underline that they survive better in dark and humid forest. These new elements help understanding ecological constraints over mycoheterotrophy evolution, and permit to know more about forest-dwelling orchids ecology
Moreira, Helena. "Confinement quantique dans les nanocristaux supraconducteurs et transport électronique dans les réseaux de nanocristaux métalliques." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566233.
Full textHaffar, Mohamad. "Approche de Co-Simulation en vue de la validation et de l'évaluation de performance des systèmes de communication : Application à des architectures de distribution électriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01003130.
Full textJamont, Jean-Paul. "DIAMOND : Une approche pour la conception de systèmes multi-agents embarqués." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189046.
Full textIl n'était pas suffisant de proposer une méthode : considérer les composants des systèmes complexes physiques comme des noeuds coopérants d'un réseau sans fil est une démarche attrayante qui peut être vue comme la traduction physique extrême de la décentralisation. De fait, des besoins spécifiques en architectures doivent être traités. Pour cela, nous proposons le modèle MWAC (Multi-Wireless-Agent Communication) qui repose sur l'auto-organisation des entités du système.
Ces deux contributions sont exploitées au sein de l'application EnvSys qui a pour objectif l'instrumentation d'un réseau hydrographique.
Douam, Florian. "Hepatitis C Virus E1E2 co-evolving networks unveil their functional dialogs and highlight original therapeutic strategies." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946592.
Full textAli, Mohamad Jaafar. "Wireless body area networks : co-channel interference mitigation & avoidance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB252.
Full textA Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a short-range network that consists of a coordinator (Crd) and a collection of low-power sensors that can be implanted in or attached to the human body. Basically, WBANs can provide real-time patient monitoring and serve in various applications such as ubiquitous health-care, consumer electronics, military, sports, etc. [1]. As the license-free 2.4 GHz ISM band is widely used among WBANs and across other wireless technologies, the fundamental problem is to mitigate the resulting co-channel interference. Other serious problems are to extend the network lifetime and to ensure reliable transmission within WBANs, which is an urgent requirement for health-care applications. Therefore, in this thesis, we conduct a systematic research on a few number of research problems related to radio co-channel interference, energy consumption, and network reliability. Specifically, we address the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis to practical protocol design: • Intra-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Cooperative inter-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Non-cooperative inter-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Interference mitigation and avoidance in WBANs with IoT Firstly, to mitigate the intra-WBAN interference, we present two mechanisms for a WBAN. The first is called CSMA to Flexible TDMA combination for Interference Mitigation, namely, CFTIM, which dynamically allocates time-slots and stable channels to lower the intra-WBAN interference. The second is called Interference Avoidance Algorithm, namely IAA that dynamically adjusts the superframe length and limits the number of channels to 2 to lower the intra-WBAN interference and save energy. Theoretically, we derive a probabilistic model that proves the SINR outage probability is lowered. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of CFTIM and IAA in terms of lowering the probability of interference, extending network lifetime, improving throughput and reliability. Secondly, we address the problem of interference among cooperative WBANs through using orthogonal codes. Motivated by distributed time provisioning supported in IEEE 802.15.6 standard [2], we propose two schemes. The first is called Distributed Time Correlation Reference, namely, DTRC that provides each WBAN with the knowledge about which superframes overlap with each other. The second is called Orthogonal Code Allocation Algorithm for Interference Mitigation, namely, OCAIM, that allocates orthogonal codes to interfering sensors belonging to sensor interference lists (SILs), which are generated based on the exchange of power-based information among WBANs. Mathematically, we derive the successful and collision probabilities of frames transmissions. Extensive simulations are conducted and the results demonstrate that OCAIM can diminish the interference, improve the throughput and save the power resource. Thirdly, we address the problem of co-channel interference among non-cooperative WBANs through time-slot and channel hopping. Specifically, we propose two schemes that are based on Latin rectangles. The first is called Distributed Algorithm for Interference mitigation using Latin rectangles, namely, DAIL that allocates a single channel to a timeslot combination to each sensor to diminish inter-WBAN interference and to yield better schedules of the medium access within each WBAN. The second is called Channel Hopping for Interference Mitigation, namely, CHIM, which generates a predictable interference free transmission schedule for all sensors within a WBAN. CHIM applies the channel switching only when a sensor experiences interference to save the power resource. Furthermore, we present an analytical model that derives bounds on collision probability and throughput for sensors transmissions. (...)
Mubarak, Oussama. "Designing and Modeling Collective Co-located Interactions for Art Installations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1170.
Full textWith works such as Kinoautomat by Radúz Činčera, SAM - Sound Activated Mobile by Edward Ihnatowicz, and Glowflow by Myron Krueger, artists have deployed, as early as the 1960s, art installations engaging novel situations of collective co-located interaction, i.e involving multiple or even many spectators interacting in the same place via and with a digital apparatus. The number of those works has continued to increase since the beginning of the 21st century, taking advantage of the new opportunities offered by advances in real-time computer vision technologies and the advent of ubiquitous computing marked by the multiplication and interoperability of mobile computing devices. While experiences in this area are more and more frequent, they have not yet been the subject of structured analysis and, even less, of proposals for dedicated tools and design methods. How can we, nowadays, conceive such interactive art installations whose intrinsic complexity involves questions of the technical, social, cognitive and aesthetic order? This dissertation draws on previous work in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and interactive arts research with the aim of increasing our knowledge of the challenges faced both by art practitioners and participants in such collective interactive installations, and, beyond, the designers of apparatus in a promising future. A set of tools and guidelines are proposed when designing collective co-located interactions for digital art installations. First a classification system is developed centered on the most decisive aspects that allow the emergence of a collective experience. Two distinct approaches are then explored to find the bases of a graphical modeling language for the design and analysis of such apparatus. Build on top of Petri nets, the second approach supports modeling the spatial and material resources of an installation, as well as the human-machine, human-human and human-machine-human interactions. The investigations conducted for this research have required laying particular emphasis on the conditions - whether spatial, material, or human - which affect the ability for participants to co-construct a common aesthetic experience in the absence of orchestration or a preannounced goal to be achieved. While this singular approach primarily concerns interactive arts, it may be relevant to a wide range of research communities, including, and foremost, that of HCI, as well as CSCW, New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), interaction design, and even culture, museography in particular
Gharbi, Rim. "Le rôle des communautés virtuelles d'intérêt dans la communication et la co-création de valeur pour les innovations : le cas des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD043.
Full textThis work addresses the issue of the role of virtual communities of interest in the communication and the co-creation of value for renewables as an innovation. Despite the multiplicity and diversity of studies based on virtual communities, both theoretical and practical knowledge of how members of these virtual communities communicate and co-create value for innovation remains limited. In order to better understand the way of communicating, value co-creating and building an approriate analytical and conceptual framework, two complementary theoretical fields were mobilized : the actor-network theory and the lead user theory. Three studies were conducted. A primary study was conducted to identify the various stakeholders in the communication and the management of co-created value within virtual communities’networks of interest in renewables. A second study was conducted on the basis of three « networks of virtual communities of interest in renewable energies » in order to highlight how members of these networks communicate and co-create values for this innovation. A final study based on 28 interviews was conducted to understand how the various stakeholders communicate and manage diverse types of co-created values within virtual communities’networks related to renewables. Results enable to conceptualize two diverse processes. A first process was implemented to show how members of virtual communities communicate and co-create value within virtual communities’networks of interest in renewable energies: the « online user centred co-creation of value and communication of innovation process ». A second process was established in order to implement the strategy of communication and management of co-created value through virtual communities’networks of interest in innovation: the « strategic process of communication and co-creation of value to innovation management within virtual communities’networks ». Moreover, mutual involvement and integration of various actors within virtual communities’networks (such as : users, networks, contributions, co-created values and community managers) enable to communicate, to diffuse, to co-create collectively,to redefine the innovation as a result of a socio-technical system and to foster the «stabilization» of this innovation
Piponnier, Martin. "Etude et développement de tableaux non diffractants pour la conception de systèmes imageurs spécialisés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112393/document.
Full textCurrently, detectors with high performances and a low cost are available and lead the community of optical designers to a new paradigm. Instead of designing generalist cameras, suitable for fulfilling a high number of different observation missions, it is now more and more common to develop imaging systems adapted to a unique mission and/or a unique object class. Taking this a priori knowledge on the observed scene or on the mission into account, at the beginning of the design process, allows us to consider simpler imaging systems with new properties. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities of nondiffracting array for the design of specialized imaging systems. For this study we consider the environment of unmanned aerial vehicles with a small payload capacity, for which embedded imaging systems must be simple and robust. We consider in addition that the mission of the imaging system is to detect obstacles. To do this, it must provide a 3D information on the observed scene. At first, I have analysed the properties of the imaging system composed by a nondiffracting optical device and a focal plane array. The comparison between two devices, axicon and nondiffracting arrays, allowed me to show that the second one is best suited for achieving this kind of mission. Then, I have made a practical implementation of such an imaging system. Finally, I have used it to demonstrate the 3D imaging property. This study has demonstrated the potential of nondiffracting array to design a simple and robust imaging system dedicated to 3D imaging. This work must be continued in partnership with the industry to apply the co-design process to a more precise mission, transforming this way this theoretical work into an industrial prototype
Roth, Camille. "Co-evolution in epistemic networks : reconstructing social complex systems." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0057.
Full textAgents producing and exchanging knowledge are forming as a whole a socio-semantic complex system. Studying such knowledge communities offers theoretical challenges, with the perspective of naturalizing further social sciences, as well as practical challenges, with potential applications enabling agents to know the dynamics of the system they are participating in. The present thesis lies within the framework of this research program. Alongside and more broadly, we address the question of reconstruction in social science. Reconstruction is a reverse problem consisting of two issues: (i) deduce a given high-level observation for a considered system from low-level phenomena; and (ii) reconstruct the evolution of high-level observations from the dynamics of lower-level objects. In this respect, we argue that several significant aspects of the structure of a knowledge community are primarily produced by the co-evolution between agents and concepts, i. E. The evolution of an epistemic network. In particular, we address the first reconstruction issue by using Galois lattices to rebuild taxonomies of knowledge communities from low-level observation of relationships between agents and concepts; achieving ultimately an historical description (inter alia field progress, decline, specialization, interaction - merging or splitting). We then micro-found various stylized facts regarding this particular structure, by exhibiting processes at the level of agents accounting for the emergence of epistemic community structure. After assessing the empirical interaction and growth processes, and assuming that agents and concepts are co-evolving, we successfully propose a morphogenesis model rebuilding relevant high-level stylized facts. We finally defend a general epistemological point related to the methodology of complex system reconstruction, eventually supporting our choice of a co-evolutionary framework
Cornevaux-Juignet, Franck. "Hardware and software co-design toward flexible terabits per second traffic processing." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0081/document.
Full textThe reliability and the security of communication networks require efficient components to finely analyze the traffic of data. Service diversification and through put increase force network operators to constantly improve analysis systems in order to handle through puts of hundreds,even thousands of Gigabits per second. Commonly used solutions are software oriented solutions that offer a flexibility and an accessibility welcome for network operators, but they can no more answer these strong constraints in many critical cases.This thesis studies architectural solutions based on programmable chips like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) combining computation power and processing flexibility. Boards equipped with such chips are integrated into a common software/hardware processing flow in order to balance short comings of each element. Network components developed with this innovative approach ensure an exhaustive processing of packets transmitted on physical links while keeping the flexibility of usual software solutions, which was never encountered in the previous state of theart.This approach is validated by the design and the implementation of a flexible packet processing architecture on FPGA. It is able to process any packet type at the cost of slight resources over consumption. It is moreover fully customizable from the software part. With the proposed solution, network engineers can transparently use the processing power of an hardware accelerator without the need of prior knowledge in digital circuit design
Ali, Mohamad Jaafar. "Wireless body area networks : co-channel interference mitigation & avoidance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB252/document.
Full textA Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a short-range network that consists of a coordinator (Crd) and a collection of low-power sensors that can be implanted in or attached to the human body. Basically, WBANs can provide real-time patient monitoring and serve in various applications such as ubiquitous health-care, consumer electronics, military, sports, etc. [1]. As the license-free 2.4 GHz ISM band is widely used among WBANs and across other wireless technologies, the fundamental problem is to mitigate the resulting co-channel interference. Other serious problems are to extend the network lifetime and to ensure reliable transmission within WBANs, which is an urgent requirement for health-care applications. Therefore, in this thesis, we conduct a systematic research on a few number of research problems related to radio co-channel interference, energy consumption, and network reliability. Specifically, we address the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis to practical protocol design: • Intra-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Cooperative inter-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Non-cooperative inter-WBAN interference mitigation and avoidance • Interference mitigation and avoidance in WBANs with IoT Firstly, to mitigate the intra-WBAN interference, we present two mechanisms for a WBAN. The first is called CSMA to Flexible TDMA combination for Interference Mitigation, namely, CFTIM, which dynamically allocates time-slots and stable channels to lower the intra-WBAN interference. The second is called Interference Avoidance Algorithm, namely IAA that dynamically adjusts the superframe length and limits the number of channels to 2 to lower the intra-WBAN interference and save energy. Theoretically, we derive a probabilistic model that proves the SINR outage probability is lowered. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of CFTIM and IAA in terms of lowering the probability of interference, extending network lifetime, improving throughput and reliability. Secondly, we address the problem of interference among cooperative WBANs through using orthogonal codes. Motivated by distributed time provisioning supported in IEEE 802.15.6 standard [2], we propose two schemes. The first is called Distributed Time Correlation Reference, namely, DTRC that provides each WBAN with the knowledge about which superframes overlap with each other. The second is called Orthogonal Code Allocation Algorithm for Interference Mitigation, namely, OCAIM, that allocates orthogonal codes to interfering sensors belonging to sensor interference lists (SILs), which are generated based on the exchange of power-based information among WBANs. Mathematically, we derive the successful and collision probabilities of frames transmissions. Extensive simulations are conducted and the results demonstrate that OCAIM can diminish the interference, improve the throughput and save the power resource. Thirdly, we address the problem of co-channel interference among non-cooperative WBANs through time-slot and channel hopping. Specifically, we propose two schemes that are based on Latin rectangles. The first is called Distributed Algorithm for Interference mitigation using Latin rectangles, namely, DAIL that allocates a single channel to a timeslot combination to each sensor to diminish inter-WBAN interference and to yield better schedules of the medium access within each WBAN. The second is called Channel Hopping for Interference Mitigation, namely, CHIM, which generates a predictable interference free transmission schedule for all sensors within a WBAN. CHIM applies the channel switching only when a sensor experiences interference to save the power resource. Furthermore, we present an analytical model that derives bounds on collision probability and throughput for sensors transmissions. (...)
Pogorelcnik, Romain. "Decomposition by complete minimum separators and applications." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22301/document.
Full textWe worked on clique minimal separator decomposition. In order to compute this decomposition on a graph G we need to compute the minimal separators of its triangulation H. In this context, the first efforts were on finding a clique minimal separators in a chordal graph. We defined a structure called atom tree inspired from the clique tree to compute and represent the final products of the decomposition, called atoms. The purpose of this thesis was to apply this technique on biological data. While we were manipulating this data using Galois lattices, we noticed that the clique minimal separator decomposition allows a divide and conquer approach on Galois lattices. One biological application of this thesis was the detection of fused genes which are important evolutionary events. Using algorithms we produced in the course of along our work we implemented a program called MosaicFinder that allows an efficient detection of this fusion event and their pooling. Another biological application was the extraction of genes of interest using expression level data. The atom tree structure allowed us to have a good visualization of the data and to be able to compute large datasets
Pogorelcnik, Romain. "Décomposition par séparateurs minimaux complets et applications." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824116.
Full textAudran, Marilyne. "Réseau interpersonnel, coopération et capacité à innover." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22018.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the impact of interpersonal networks on the innovativeness of inventors. The academic literature underlined the strong relation between interpersonal networks and interpersonal cooperation. The cooperative behaviour appears as the best way to success in an innovative project, a complex project. We make here the hypothesis according to which repeated collaborations in a network of inventors have an influence on their innovativeness. We chose to study more particularly the capacity to innovate of strongly productive inventors by mobilizing data on the co-inventors of patents. We run an empirical study concerning 1157 French prolific inventors who obtained 30477 patents over the period 1975-2002. The results of the logistic regression confirm our hypothesis and show a significant impact of repeated collaborations on the capacity of prolific inventors to innovate
Rahmouni, Mohamed Khaled. "Définition d’un flot de conception basé sur la simulation conjointe du matériel et du logiciel pour des systèmes destinés à la protection des réseaux électriques." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0105.
Full textThe methods classically used at Schneider to design and validate the hardware/software relay parts can no longer fully master the complexity of modern architectures. This work aims to optimize the design flow of the relay using system simulation approaches. It is expanding the use of SystemC hardware/software simulation techniques widely used in the Systems on Chip (SoC) domain to the protection relays industry and, more generally, to the systems on board. In addition to the technological transfer for the SystemC simulation approaches and virtual prototyping for solving architecture exploration problems, this work suggests the use of virtual prototypes for ensuring quality specifications by means of automatizing the device testing phase. Furthermore, it has been possible to characterize the execution of real-time software on SystemC timed TLM platforms
Pichot, Antoine. "Co-allocation de ressources distribuées : architectures, protocoles, optimisation." Phd thesis, Paris, ENST, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003806.
Full textNew computing applications require nowadays a physical distribution of computing resources. These geographically distributed resources belonging to different organizations must be associated logically in order to solve cooperatively a given problem or to provide a given service. The virtual infrastructure corresponding to the set of these distributed and remote resources and to the inherent underlying networking facilities is called a Grid. Present models do not enable network and other resources such as computing or storage to be co-allocated on demand, nor do they guarantee the Quality of Service. The aim of this thesis is first to provide a review of the state of the art on co-allocation. For that purpose, various environments such as Web Services distributed resources management systems, IP Multimedia Subsystem and Generalized Multi-protocol Label Switching architecture are considered. We propose extensions to existing Grid toolkits, WS, IMS and GMPLS for dynamic resource co-allocation provisioning. The suitability of each of these approaches for Grid services provisioning is investigated and compared to the other alternatives. We then analyze a WS based protocol between a global resource coordinator (Grid Scheduler) and local resources managers (local schedulers). Algorithms are proposed to model the possible interactions between the grid scheduler, the network resource manager and the local schedulers. A co-allocation algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency as seen by the end user and the resource providers. An analytical model is proposed to predict and understand the performance; simulations are run to verify the validity of the model and the results
Boukouyen, Fatiha. "Analyse compréhensive du comportement opportuniste des acteurs sur les plateformes de co-création." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC025.
Full textThe literature on co-creation platforms has been mainly focused on studying the crowds (i.e., participants) and that by investigating their motivations, their characteristics, and the strategies they use (i.e., cooperation, competition, coopetition). Therefore, researchers did not study opportunism even if its importance has been emphasized in prior research. To fill this gap, our research aims to explore and understand opportunistic behavior of actors or co-creators (i.e., brands, platforms, and participants) in the virtual context, especially that of co-creation platforms, using the method of Netnography in two famous co-creation platforms and a forum which is dedicated to different creators. Our research background, the main results as well as theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are presented in the related chapters
Ranaivosoa, Rabemananjara Antsa. "Communauté en ligne de co-création d'expérience touristique : le cas de l'Office Régional du Tourisme d'Analamanga (Madagascar)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916839.
Full textLe, Borgne Yann-Aël. "Learning in wireless sensor networks for energy-efficient environmental monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210334.
Full textIn environmental monitoring studies, many applications are expected to run unattended for months or years. Sensor nodes are however constrained by limited resources, particularly in terms of energy. Since communication is one order of magnitude more energy-consuming than processing, the design of data collection schemes that limit the amount of transmitted data is therefore recognized as a central issue for wireless sensor networks.
An efficient way to address this challenge is to approximate, by means of mathematical models, the evolution of the measurements taken by sensors over space and/or time. Indeed, whenever a mathematical model may be used in place of the true measurements, significant gains in communications may be obtained by only transmitting the parameters of the model instead of the set of real measurements. Since in most cases there is little or no a priori information about the variations taken by sensor measurements, the models must be identified in an automated manner. This calls for the use of machine learning techniques, which allow to model the variations of future measurements on the basis of past measurements.
This thesis brings two main contributions to the use of learning techniques in a sensor network. First, we propose an approach which combines time series prediction and model selection for reducing the amount of communication. The rationale of this approach, called adaptive model selection, is to let the sensors determine in an automated manner a prediction model that does not only fits their measurements, but that also reduces the amount of transmitted data.
The second main contribution is the design of a distributed approach for modeling sensed data, based on the principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed method allows to transform along a routing tree the measurements taken in such a way that (i) most of the variability in the measurements is retained, and (ii) the network load sustained by sensor nodes is reduced and more evenly distributed, which in turn extends the overall network lifetime. The framework can be seen as a truly distributed approach for the principal component analysis, and finds applications not only for approximated data collection tasks, but also for event detection or recognition tasks.
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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil forment une nouvelle famille de systèmes informatiques permettant d'observer le monde avec une résolution sans précédent. En particulier, ces systèmes promettent de révolutionner le domaine de l'étude environnementale. Un tel réseau est composé d'un ensemble de capteurs sans fil, ou unités sensorielles, capables de collecter, traiter, et transmettre de l'information. Grâce aux avancées dans les domaines de la microélectronique et des technologies sans fil, ces systèmes sont à la fois peu volumineux et peu coûteux. Ceci permet leurs deploiements dans différents types d'environnements, afin d'observer l'évolution dans le temps et l'espace de quantités physiques telles que la température, l'humidité, la lumière ou le son.
Dans le domaine de l'étude environnementale, les systèmes de prise de mesures doivent souvent fonctionner de manière autonome pendant plusieurs mois ou plusieurs années. Les capteurs sans fil ont cependant des ressources limitées, particulièrement en terme d'énergie. Les communications radios étant d'un ordre de grandeur plus coûteuses en énergie que l'utilisation du processeur, la conception de méthodes de collecte de données limitant la transmission de données est devenue l'un des principaux défis soulevés par cette technologie.
Ce défi peut être abordé de manière efficace par l'utilisation de modèles mathématiques modélisant l'évolution spatiotemporelle des mesures prises par les capteurs. En effet, si un tel modèle peut être utilisé à la place des mesures, d'importants gains en communications peuvent être obtenus en utilisant les paramètres du modèle comme substitut des mesures. Cependant, dans la majorité des cas, peu ou aucune information sur la nature des mesures prises par les capteurs ne sont disponibles, et donc aucun modèle ne peut être a priori défini. Dans ces cas, les techniques issues du domaine de l'apprentissage machine sont particulièrement appropriées. Ces techniques ont pour but de créer ces modèles de façon autonome, en anticipant les mesures à venir sur la base des mesures passées.
Dans cette thèse, deux contributions sont principalement apportées permettant l'applica-tion de techniques d'apprentissage machine dans le domaine des réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Premièrement, nous proposons une approche qui combine la prédiction de série temporelle avec la sélection de modèles afin de réduire la communication. La logique de cette approche, appelée sélection de modèle adaptive, est de permettre aux unités sensorielles de determiner de manière autonome un modèle de prédiction qui anticipe correctement leurs mesures, tout en réduisant l'utilisation de leur radio.
Deuxièmement, nous avons conçu une méthode permettant de modéliser de façon distribuée les mesures collectées, qui se base sur l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP). La méthode permet de transformer les mesures le long d'un arbre de routage, de façon à ce que (i) la majeure partie des variations dans les mesures des capteurs soient conservées, et (ii) la charge réseau soit réduite et mieux distribuée, ce qui permet d'augmenter également la durée de vie du réseau. L'approche proposée permet de véritablement distribuer l'ACP, et peut être utilisée pour des applications impliquant la collecte de données, mais également pour la détection ou la classification d'événements.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Candel, Gaëlle. "Connecting graphs to machine learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLE018.
Full textThis thesis proposes new approaches to process graph using machine learning algorithms designed for tabular data. A graph is a data structure made of nodes linked to each others by edges. This structure can be represented under a matrix form where the connection between two nodes is represented by a non-zero value, simplifying the manipulation of the data. Nonetheless, the transposition of an algorithm adapted to tabular data to graphs would not give the expected results because of the structural differences. Two characteristics make the transposition difficult: the low nodes’ connectivity and the power-law distribution of nodes’ degree. These two characteristics both lead to sparse matrices with low information content while requiring a large memory. In this work, we propose several methods that consider these two graph’s specificities. In the first part, we focus on citation graphs which belong to the directed acyclic graph category and can be exploited for technical watch, while the second part is dedicated to bipartite graphs mainly use by recommender systems. These adaptations permit the achievement of usual machine learning tasks, such as clustering and data visualization. Specific co-clustering algorithms were designed to segment jointly each side of a bipartite graph and identify groups of similar nodes. The third part approaches graphs from a different perspective. The developed approach exploits the k nearest neighbours graph built from the tabular data to help correcting classification errors. These different methods use diverse methods to embed more information in a vector compared to the usual binary encoding, allowing to process graphs with usual machine learning algorithm