Journal articles: 'Co-linearity'

1

Hall, Sophie S., Petra M. J. Pollux, Hettie Roebuck, and Kun Guo. "ERP evidence for human early visual sensitivity to co-linearity compared to co-circularity." Neuroscience Letters 556 (November 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.065.

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Yue, Hong Kun, Ming Chang, Si Jie Liu, and Ran Zhou. "Determination of Content of the Four Alkaloids and the Total Alkaloid in Co-Dergocrine Mesyiate Tablets by HPLC." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.419.

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Objective: To determine the four kinds of alkaloid and the total alkaloid in Co-dergocrine Mesyiate tablets by HPLC. Methods: HPLC was used. C18column (250mm×4.6mm5μm) was selected, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-H2O-triethylamine (50:150:5).Detection was performed by UV with wavelength of 280nm.Results:A linearity of alkaloid I was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9997). The average recovery of alkaloid Iwas 101.16%, and RSD was0.92%. A linearity of alkaloidII(α isomer) was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9998). The average recovery of α-alkaloidII was 99.31%, and RSD was1.14%. A linearity of alkaloidII(β isomer) was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9999). The average recovery of β-alkaloidII was 97.31%, and RSD was1.96%. A linearity of alkaloid IIIwas obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9998).The average recovery of alkaloidIII was 102.02%, and RSD was 1.38%.Conclusion:The HPLC is sensitive and accurate in determining the four kinds of alkaloid in Co-dergocrine Mesyiate tablets. It can be applied efficiently.

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Lim, T. C., M. Zako, S. Sakata, and S. Ramakrishna. "Geometrical Non-Linearity of Textile Composites in Large Deformation." Advanced Composites Letters 9, no. 4 (July 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900402.

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In considering small deformation of solids, it is common to assume linear elasticity. Where large deformation is concerned, material non-linearity – whether hyper elasticity, strain hardening, etc – must be considered. In large deformation of textile composites, overall material non-linearity consists of (a) constituent material non-linearity, and (b) geometrical non-linearity due to strain-deformation relation. This paper firstly proposes a finite element procedure for obtaining the stiffness matrix of a representative volume element. The procedure involved is simple due to an effective decoupling methodology. Secondly, co-ordinate updating of the FE mesh is performed to allow readjustment to the fibre bundle elements in the RVE. This enables the process of fabric realignment to be theoretically mimicked to consider the influence of fibre bundle reorganisation on the overall stiffness of the textile composite – hence geometrical non-linearity.

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Susilo, S. P., S. H. Pertiwi, and A. Ainurofiq. "Development and validation of analytical methods for multicomponent crystals of ibuprofen with malic and tartaric acid using spectrophotometry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012033.

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Abstract Various chemical substances have been used as pharmaceutical active ingredients, such as ibuprofen, which is an analgesic. The validity of an analytical method of a pharmaceutical active ingredient combined with co-formers into one single phase should be confirmed so that the analysis can be well received. Therefore, this study aims to validate the analytical method of ibuprofen in multicomponent crystals using a UV spectrophotometer with the parameters of linearity, accuracy, precision, and placebo interference. Ibuprofen was dissolved in phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.2 using ethanol as co-solvent. The solution was diluted and analyzed to obtain the maximum wavelength. The calibration curve was analyzed to obtain the linear regression equation for ibuprofen to determine linearity. The accuracy and precision parameters were measured by the results of replications. Meanwhile, placebo interference was determined using an equimolar ratio of 1:1 between ibuprofen with malic acid and tartaric acid. The results of the analysis showed that ibuprofen had a maximum wavelength of 265 nm. The linearity, accuracy, precision, and placebo interference fulfilled the requirement. Based on the validation parameter performed, the analytical method used was valid for the analysis of ibuprofen multicomponent crystals with malic acid and tartaric acid as co-formers.

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Holliday, R. "The early years of molecular biology: personal recollections." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 57, no. 2 (May 22, 2003): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2003.0206.

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The early years of molecular biology were characterized by a strong interaction between theory and experiment. This included the elucidation of the structure of DNA itself; genetic fine structure, recombination and repair; DNA replication; template–directed protein synthesis; the universality of the triplet genetic code, and the co–linearity of the DNA sequence of structural genes and the sequence of amino acids in proteins. The principle of co–linearity was later modified when split genes were discovered.. It is suggested that accurate splicing of gene transcripts might also be template directed. In 1958 Crick proposed a ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology stating that information could not be transmitted from proteins to DNA. Nevertheless, proteins can chemically modify DNA, and this is now known to have strong effects on gene expression.

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Syamdini, C. F. S., I. K. Muthiah, and A. Ainurofiq. "Validation of UV spectrophotometric method for ketoprofen multicomponent crystals with malic acid and tartaric acid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012034.

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Abstract These multicomponent crystals are formed by two chemical substances, between ketoprofen and their co-formers, which are malic acid and tartaric acid. Analysis of multicomponent crystals showed a possibility of interference between constituents. To determine interference between pure drugs and their co-formers, a validated, fast, easy, efficient, and adequate analysis method is required. This study aims to evaluate and develop an analytical method validation that is accurate, specific, and reproducible on ketoprofen multicomponent crystals using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study was conducted by the dissolving of phosphate buffer with 7.4 pH with the addition of ethanol co-solvent to obtain calibration curve solution. The calibration curve was analyzed for linearity, accuracy, and precision. Meanwhile, the placebo interference parameter was measured on an equimolar ratio of 1:1 between ketoprofen and co-former. Validation result on the wavelength of 260.5 nm with a range of 1-16.834 µg/mL showed the linearity of R2 = 0.999 and intercept P-value > 0.05, accuracy of Recovery = 100.652%, precision of RSD = 0.568%, and placebo interference of 0%. Based on the results of this study, the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method for ketoprofen multicomponent crystals fulfilled the validation standard.

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Mohammadi Farhadi, Rahman, Vyacheslav Kortunov, Andrii Molchanov, and Tatiana Solianyk. "ESTIMATION OF THE LATERAL AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FOR SKYWALKER X8 FLYING WING FROM REAL FLIGHT-TEST DATA." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0077.

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Stability and control derivatives of Skywalker X8 flying wing from flight-test data are estimated by using the combination of the output error and least square methods in the presence of the wind. Data is collected from closed loop flight tests with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that caused data co-linearity problems for the identification of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) dynamic system. The data co-linearity problem is solved with a biased estimation via priori information, parameter fixing and constrained optimization, which uses analytical values of aerodynamic parameters, the level of the identifiability and sensitivity of the measurement vector to the parameters. Estimated aerodynamic parameters are compared with the theoretically calculated coefficients of the UAV, moreover, the dynamic model is validated with additional flight-test data and small covariances of the estimated parameters.

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Sawa, Sayuki, and Shinzo Yoshikado. "Evaluation of Laminated Thin-Film ZnO Varistor by PLD." Key Engineering Materials 350 (October 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.350.217.

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Laminar-type thin-film ZnO varistors were fabricated on sintered alumina substrates using visible light (532nm) pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structure of the laminar-type thin-film varistor is Ni / Co-added ZnO / impurity layer / Co-added ZnO / Ni. Many droplets were observed on the deposited Bi2O3+MnO2 compared with the deposited Co-added ZnO thin film. Moreover, for droplets on the Bi2O3+MnO2 layer, the content of Mn was higher than that of Bi. The V-I characteristics of the deposited ZnO+CoCl2 or Bi2O3+MnO2 thin film were ohmic. However, V-I characteristics of laminar-type thin film including the Bi2O3+MnO2 impurity layer deposited for 30min showed nonlinearity. The non linearity index α was approximately 2 and the varistor voltage was approximately 1V. Thermal annealing in N2 gas atmosphere at 700°C for 10 min was carried out to improve the crystallinity of the thin film. After annealing, both the varistor voltage and the current at which nonlinearity appeared decreased. Moreover, the value of non linearity index α was approximately 2.8.

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Kim, Sung-Chan. "Measurement of Heat Release Rate by Carbon Dioxide Generation Method for Methane Fire." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.1e176e77.

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The energy released by various burning material has a wide range of its magnitude and transient characteristics, the measurement of the heat release rate(HRR) has been considered as one of the most challenging issue among the parameters related to fire. This study compares the measured HRR calculated by the oxygen consumption (OC) method and the carbon dioxide generation (CDG) method using a laboratory-scale fire calorimeter. The feasibility of the CDG method is examined by analyzing the relative error. The relationship between the oxygen depletion factor and CO<sub>2</sub> mass flow rate, which is a key parameter in HRR calculations, showed strong linearity at 6 % for the methane burner fire. The contribution of HRR by CO was less than 7% compared with the of HRR by CO<sub>2</sub> in the CDG calculation method. The linearity of the OC and CDG methods with respect to HRR of the referenced methane burner in a quasi-steady state was less than 1%; this indicates that the CDG method can be utilized as a complementary method in heat release rate measurement.

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Erfani Haghiri, Maryam, Elias Saion, Nayereh Soltani, and Wan Saffiey wan Abdullah. "Thermoluminescence Properties of Nanostructured Calcium Borate as a Sensitive Radiation Dosimeter for High Radiation Doses." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.189.

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The crystalline calcium tetraborate (CaB4O7) nanoparticles were synthesized using a combination of facile co-precipitation and thermal treatment. The synthesized phosphor nanoparticles were found to possess a monoclinic nanostructure of particle size of about 8 nm. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of the nanoparticles shows a single peak centred at about 150°C. The TL nanophosphor revealed an excellent dosimetric response with a respectable linearity in the dose range of 0.05 to 1000 Gy, which is wider than its counterparts prepared by non nanosynthesis methods. They exhibited good luminescence efficiency and wide range linearity, suggesting the present phosphor nanoparticles may be considered as a suitable candidate for the dosimetric applications.

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Das, Birojit, Binod Tripathy, Piyali Debnath, and Baby Bhattacharya. "Study of matrix transformation of uniformly almost surely convergent complex uncertain sequences." Filomat 34, no. 14 (2020): 4907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2014907d.

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In this paper, we introduce the concept of convergence of complex uncertain series. We initiate matrix transformation of complex uncertain sequence and extend the study via linearity and boundedness. In this context, we prove Silverman-Toeplitz theorem and Kojima-Schur theorem considering complex uncertain sequences. Finally, we establish some results on co-regular matrices .

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Alam, M. M., Abdullah M. Asiri, M. T. Uddin, Inamuddin Inamuddin, M. A. Islam, Md Rabiul Awual, and Mohammed M. Rahman. "One-step wet-chemical synthesis of ternary ZnO/CuO/Co3O4 nanoparticles for sensitive and selective melamine sensor development." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 12 (2019): 4849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06361c.

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Using one-step wet-chemically synthesized ternary ZnO/CuO/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated GCE sensor probe, a selective and sensitive melamine chemical sensor was developed by electrochemical approach, which exhibited the highest sensitivity, better repeatability, broad linear dynamic range, good linearity, fast response time, and lowest detection limit.

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Ma, Guohong, Jun He, and Sing Hai Tang. "Mechanisms of excited-state enhancement of optical non-linearity in poly(distyrybenzene-co-triethylene glycol)." Chemical Physics Letters 388, no. 1-3 (April 2004): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.007.

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Giacoumidis, Elias, Yi Lin, Jinlong Wei, Ivan Aldaya, Athanasios Tsokanos, and Liam Barry. "Harnessing machine learning for fiber-induced nonlinearity mitigation in long-haul coherent optical OFDM." Future Internet 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11010002.

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Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) has attracted a lot of interest in optical fiber communications due to its simplified digital signal processing (DSP) units, high spectral-efficiency, flexibility, and tolerance to linear impairments. However, CO-OFDM’s high peak-to-average power ratio imposes high vulnerability to fiber-induced non-linearities. DSP-based machine learning has been considered as a promising approach for fiber non-linearity compensation without sacrificing computational complexity. In this paper, we review the existing machine learning approaches for CO-OFDM in a common framework and review the progress in this area with a focus on practical aspects and comparison with benchmark DSP solutions.

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Rohilla, Rajni, and Usha Gupta. "Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) By First Order Derivative Spectrophotometry in Micellar Media." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 3 (2012): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/739891.

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A first-derivative spectrophotometry method for the simultaneous determination of Co (II) and Ni (II) with Alizarin Red S in presence of Triton X-100 is described. Measurements were made at the zero-crossing wavelengths at 549.0 nm for Co (II) and 546.0 nm for Ni (II). The linearity is obtained in the range of 0.291- 4.676 μg/ml of Ni (II) and 0.293- 4.124 μg/ml of Co (II) in the presence of each other by using first derivative spectrophotometric method. The possible interfering effects of various ions were studied. The validity of the method was examined by using synthetic mixtures of Co (II) and Ni (II). The developed derivative procedure, using the zero crossing technique, has been successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of Co (II) and Ni (II) in spiked water samples.

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Wu, Jian Xin, Xiang Dong Qi, Yan Wang, and Di Wu. "ADAMS MATLAB Co-Simulation of Dynamics Parallel Manipulator." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2125.

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Electromechanical coupling dynamic of parallel manipulator is a multi-input, multi-output, non linearity, tight coupling, and complex electromechanical system, but now there isn’t have a mature model of Parallel manipulator dynamic and methods of Simulation calculation. In this following passage, aiming at 3PUU parallel manipulator, we establish dynamic model In ADAMS software; design the servo controller in MATLAB and setting to the control parameters. The co-simulation results computer simulation validate the rationality of modeling of electromechanical coupling dynamics and show the optimal control of the mechanism’s displacement and torque of the servomotor by controller.

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Albers, J. J., S. M. Marcovina, and H. Kennedy. "International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Standardization Project for Measurements of Apolipoproteins A-I and B. II. Evaluation and Selection of Candidate Reference Materials." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.5.658.

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Abstract The first phase of an international collaborative study for standardization of test systems for measuring apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo B demonstrated that uniformity of apo A-I and apo B measurements can be achieved if suitable common reference materials are used to calibrate the different systems. The objective of the second phase was to evaluate the linearity and parallelism or proportionality of the candidate reference materials selected in phase one and to determine whether any of them could be proposed as international reference materials. We evaluated the proposed reference materials with 37 test systems for apo A-I and 38 for apo B, involving 23 manufacturers and five research laboratories. Two lyophilized preparations were proposed for apo A-I, SP1 from Behringwerke AG and SP2 from Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., and two liquid preparations were proposed for apo B, SP3 from Behringwerke AG and SP4 from Reagents Applications. The linearity of the candidate reference materials was compared with the linearity of a frozen serum pool or interim serum reference material distributed to all the participants and with that of a fresh serum pool prepared by each participant. SP1 and SP3 exhibited linearity and parallelism similar to that of the fresh frozen serum pool and had among-laboratory CVs less than or similar to those obtained on normolipidemic serum samples (approximately 6% for apo A-I and approximately 7% for apo B).

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Thiele, Jan, Maike Isermann, Johannes Kollmann, and Annette Otte. "Impact scores of invasive plants are biased by disregard of environmental co-variation and non-linearity." NeoBiota 10 (October 5, 2011): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.10.1191.

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Moss, Steven J., Christine J. Martin, and Barrie Wilkinson. "Loss of co-linearity by modular polyketide synthases: a mechanism for the evolution of chemical diversity." Natural Product Reports 21, no. 5 (2004): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b315020h.

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Mhatli, Sofien, Hichem Mrabet, and Abdelkerim Amari. "Extensive simulation of fibre non-linearity mitigation in a CO-OFDM-WDM long-haul communication system." IET Optoelectronics 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2018.5041.

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X. Zhang, C., and D. L. Luo. "Non-linearity of TL Dose Responses in MgSo4:Dy Co-doped with Mn, P and Cu." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 100, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a005824.

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DK, SHANTHI PRIYA. "STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY." YMER Digital 21, no. 07 (July 31, 2022): 1412–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/b7.

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Dapagliflozin is an anti-diabetic drug that works on the kidneys of reabsorption of glucose in kidneys by the sodium-glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2). It is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is administered as tablets. The objective of the present work is to develop a novel simple and economic method for the quantification of dapagliflozin in bulk drug and in tablet formulation. Further this study is designed to validate the developed methods as per ICH guidelines. The quantification process was performed on UV-spectrophotometer. Different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) repeatability, stability studies were determined according to ICH guidelines. The solutions of standard and sample were prepared in methanol after suitable dilutions. 100µg/ml of the Dapagliflozin was prepared and scanned in the UV visible range 400 to 200nm. In the quantitative determination of the drug was carried at selected wavelength 224nm and the linearity range was formed to be 1 to 10µg/ml and r2 (0.9995). LOD and LOQ for dapagliflozin was found to be 0.0262µg/ml and 0.079µg/ml. The proposed method can be adopted for routine quality control for estimation of drug in formulation. Key words: Dapagliflozin, spectrophotometric method, validation, linearity, precision

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Norkey, Gavendra, Avanish Kumar Dubey, and Sanat Agrawal. "Optimization of Multiple Quality Characteristics in Laser Cutting of Difficult-to-Laser-Cut Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.621.

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This paper presents experimental study of laser cutting of Aluminium alloy sheet with the aim to optimize multiple quality characteristics such as cut edge surface roughness and kerf deviation, simultaneously. The Taguchi method combined with Grey relational analysis has been used for parameter optimization. The Principal component analysis and entropy measurement method have been used for eliminating co-linearity and deciding the weighting factors, respectively. The results indicate considerable improvements in multiple quality characteristics.

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Sugito, S., and Anang Kuncoro Rachmad Setiawan. "Uji Performa AAS Thermo Ice 3000 Terhadap Logam Cu Menggunakan CRM 500 dan CRM 697 Di UPT Laboratorium Terpadu UNS." Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jplp.4.1.1-6.

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Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometer (AAS) or Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is an instrument for analyzing metals, including: Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co where the basis of measurement is the measurement of light absorption by an atom. The unabsorbed light is transmitted and converted into a measurable electric beam. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the AAS Therma ICE 3000 tool on Cu metal testing using CRM 500 and CRM 697. This is very important because it greatly affects the validity of the measurement results in inorganic chemistry practicum activities, research and testing at the Chemical Laboratory of UPT Lab. Integrated UNS. Performance elements to be investigated include accuracy, precision, detection limit and linearity. From the results of the study, the results obtained accuracy <5% from control, repeatibility %CV count <2/3 CV Horwitz equation, detection limit with MDL 0.065 ppm and R2 for linearity of 0.9999

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Lecerf, J., Y. Garnier, JP Hudelot, B. Duc, and L. Pantera. "Study of the linearity of CABRI experimental ionization chambers during RIA transients." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817004015.

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CABRI is an experimental pulse reactor operated by CEA at the Cadarache research center and funded by the French Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection Institute (IRSN). For the purpose of the CABRI International Program (CIP), operated and managed by IRSN under an OECD/NEA framework it has been refurbished since 2003 to be able to provide experiments in prototypical PWR conditions (155 bar, 300 °C) in order to study the fuel behavior under Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) conditions. This paper first reminds the objectives of the power commissioning tests performed on the CABRI facility. The design and location of the neutron detectors monitoring the core power are also presented. Then it focuses on the different methodologies used to calibrate the detectors and check the consistency and co-linearity of the measurements. Finally, it presents the methods used to check the linearity of the neutron detectors up to the high power levels (~20 GW) reached during power transients. Some results obtained during the power tests campaign are also presented.

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Sun, Ai Li, Gai Rong Chen, and Qian Hua Zhu. "Novel Approach to Fabricate an Amperometric Biosensor by One-Step Electrodeposition Hemoglobin and Au Nanoparticles-Chitosan Nanocomposite Film on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.164.

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By one-step co-electrodeposition Hemoglobin (Hb) and Au nanoparticles-chitosan (Au NPS-Chi) nanocomposite film on carbon ionic liquid electrode(CILE), the Hb immobilized with Au NPS-Chi nanocomposite film was stable and retained its functional activity. The results of cyclic voltammetrys showed a pair of well-defined and quasireversible redox peak of Hb with the formal potentials of −0.545V (vs.SCE) in 0.1 mol/L pH 7.0 PBS; a linearity range for determination of H2O2 is from 0.4 to 208.4μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.12 μmol/L (S/N=3). As a results, the one-step co-electrodeposition and the promising feature of nanocomposite could serve as a versatile platform for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors.

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Chen, Zhe, and Hua Li. "A method of high sensitivity and in situ determination of trace cobalt(II) in water samples with salicyl fluorone." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 7 (August 12, 2014): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.354.

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Based on the sensitive reaction of Co(II) and salicyl fluorone with the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide in basic solution, a new method of flow injection micelle-solubilized spectrophotometry was developed for the determination of cobalt. The reaction was monitored for the absorbance of Co(II) at 540 nm. The reagents, flow injection variables and effects of foreign ions were investigated and the optimum conditions were established. At the optimum test conditions, the developed method provides a linearity range of 3–40 μg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 at about 60 h−1 sampling frequency. Relative standard deviation of 0.91, 0.95 and 0.89% were obtained for the determination of 3, 15 and 30 μg L−1 Co(II) solution. The proposed method has been successfully applied for analysis of trace amounts of cobalt in water samples.

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Fortesa, Josep, Jérôme Latron, Julián García-Comendador, Miquel Tomàs-Burguera, Jaume Company, Aleix Calsamiglia, and Joan Estrany. "Multiple Temporal Scales Assessment in the Hydrological Response of Small Mediterranean-Climate Catchments." Water 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010299.

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Mediterranean-climate catchments are characterized by significant spatial and temporal hydrological variability caused by the interaction of natural as well human-induced abiotic and biotic factors. This study investigates the non-linearity of rainfall-runoff relationship at multiple temporal scales in representative small Mediterranean-climate catchments (i.e., <10 km2) to achieve a better understanding of their hydrological response. The rainfall-runoff relationship was evaluated in 43 catchments at annual and event—203 events in 12 of these 43 catchments—scales. A linear rainfall-runoff relationship was observed at an annual scale, with a higher scatter in pervious (R2: 0.47) than impervious catchments (R2: 0.82). Larger scattering was observed at the event scale, although pervious lithology and agricultural land use promoted significant rainfall-runoff linear relations in winter and spring. These relationships were particularly analysed during five hydrological years in the Es Fangar catchment (3.35 km2; Mallorca, Spain) as a temporal downscaling to assess the intra-annual variability, elucidating whether antecedent wetness conditions played a significant role in runoff generation. The assessment of rainfall-runoff relationships under contrasted lithology, land use and seasonality is a useful approach to improve the hydrological modelling of global change scenarios in small catchments where the linearity and non-linearity of the hydrological response—at multiple temporal scales—can inherently co-exist in Mediterranean-climate catchments.

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Kulkarni, Manasi B., Anagha M. Joshi, and Rohini V. Patil. "A NOVEL HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CO-ENZYME Q10 AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i10.28828.

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Objective: HPTLC Method for Simultaneous quantification of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol in bulk and capsule dosage form was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization [(ICH) Q2 (R1)] guideline.Methods: The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: chloroform (10:1:2 v/v/v) on Pre-coated silica 60F 254 plates and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 280 nm.Results: The Rf values were 0.77 and 0.87 for co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol, respectively. The linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 0.6µg-1.8 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 2 µg-6 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3154 and 0.9559 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 3.441 and 10.42 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10.Conclusion: Developed densitometric method was found to be robust, precise, accurate, and rapid and can be used to analyse fixed-dose capsule samples of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol.

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Shamspur, Tayebeh, and Ali Mostafavi. "Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Trace Amount of Cobalt (II) After Preconcentration Using Modified Analcime Zeolite Loaded with bis(2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldimine)N-diethylene-triamine." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.4.1203.

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Abstract A simple and sensitive flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique was developed for the determination of trace amounts of cobalt (Co) in various samples after adsorption on modified analcime using a recently synthesized tetradentate Schiff base ligand, bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine)N-diethylene-triamine, by a column method in the pH range of 5 to 7, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The influence of flow rates of the stripping and sample solution, the amount of ligand, types of stripping, and the least amount of eluent required for elution of the Co ion from the column were investigated. The effects of interfering ions on the recovery of Co were studied. The method was successfully applied for determination of Co in water and plant samples. The maximum capacity of the modified sorbent was found to be 0.58 mg/g of Co(II); the preconcentration factor was 250. Linearity was maintained at 0.240 g/L in the original solution. The LOD was 1.44 102 g/L in the original solution.

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Oliveira, Mariana Carla de, Maria Eduarda Lima Dano, Rafaela Said dos Santos, Mônica Villa Nova, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Wilker Caetano, and Marcos Luciano Bruschi. "HPLC analysis of β-caryophyllene in copaiba oleoresin: Development, validation and applicability." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (July 25, 2022): e129111032525. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32525.

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Copaiba oil (CO) is an oleoresin containing resinous acids, comprising mainly of diterpenes, and volatile compounds, comprising of sesquiterpenes. CO has been used for many years as a therapeutic agent and cosmetic, being the β-caryophyllene (CAR) one of the main sesquiterpene markers found in CO samples. During the last years, some analytical methods have been developed for analysis of sesquiterpenes like CAR from CO. However, these methods are based on gas chromatography, and requiring additional steps, such as derivatization or extraction of the essential fraction of the CO for sesquiterpenes analysis. Liquid chromatography methodologies have been proposed only for analysis of diterpenes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for CAR analysis in CO samples (Copaifera reticulata Ducke) and in emulsion systems containing CO. The HPLC system suitability was determined through the capacity factor, repeatability, relative retention, resolution, tailing factor, theoretical plate number and the height of the theoretical plate; where the method developed showed the efficiency for separation of CO compounds. The method was validated displaying specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. Moreover, it showed to be of utmost importance to analyze CO in emulsion systems, displaying versatile and applicability.

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Goodgame, David M. L., Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and David J. Williams. "Crystal structures of [Co{P(OPh)3}4(HgX)], X = Cl, Br; Non-linearity of CoHgX arising from intramolecular phosphorus-mercury interactions." Polyhedron 6, no. 3 (January 1987): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81023-2.

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Sobczyk, Tadeusz. "Application of higher order forms for the description of electromechanical energy converters." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0007-6.

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Application of higher order forms for the description of electromechanical energy convertersThe purpose of that paper is to develop of unified equations of electromechanical energy converters accounting for the magnetic non-linearity of the main magnetic circuit of a converter. The concept of applying higher order forms of winding currents for the description of the co-energy function is introduced in order to derive the structure of converter equations via mathematical analysis. Also, another concept of equivalent magnetizing currents is applied to determine the higher order forms for selected converters designs. The structure of circuital equations for converters with multiple windings has been unified by means of the introduction of matrices of dynamic and nonlinear inductances following the higher order forms of the co-energy function.

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Prissanaroon-Ouajai, Walaiporn, and Anuvat Sirivat. "Electrically Conducting Poly(Pyrrole-co-Para-Phenylenediamine) as Potentiometric Transducers in Urea Biosensor Fabrication." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.286.

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This research has focused on the fabrication of a urea biosensor based on electrically conducting poly (pyrrole-co-para-phenylenediamine) (PPy-co-PPD). High amount of free amino groups (-NH2), originating from PPD, in the PPy-co-PPD structures made them suitable for chemical immobilization of urease. The PPy-co-PPD films were prepared by one-step electrodeposition of the mixture of pyrrole and PPD. It was found that the morphology and conductivity of the PPy-co-PPD films were influenced by amount of PPD in the copolymer. Increasing amount of PPD in the copolymer led to decreasing electrical conductivity. Greater particle size and less packing were observed for the copolymer with high PPD content. XPS revealed the existence of free amino groups (-NH2) on the surface of PPy-co-PPD films. The PPy-co-PPD films were further subjected for covalent immobilization of urease, selective catalytic enzyme for urea. Potentiometric responses of the PPy-co-PPD films showed the highest sensitivity of 47.3-54.2 mV/pUrea (r2 > 0.99) over the urea concentration ranging from 0.5-10.0 mM (pUrea 2.0-3.3). Detection limits and response linearity were in the normal range of urea level. Response time was approximately 10 seconds. Leaching test revealed that the PPy-co-PPD film showed 83% reduction of urease leaching out of the PPy-co-PPD film during measurement, compared to the PPy film.

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Behdinan, K., M. C. Stylianou, and B. Tabarrok. "STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE BEAMS: A CONSISTENT UPDATED LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 1997): 141–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1997-0010.

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A study of static and dynamic analysis of slender beams undergoing large deflections is undertaken here. the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis is employed and the beam deforms with large rotations but small strains. Initially the static analysis, using the consistent updated Lagrangian techniques which accounts for full non-linearity of the beam is undertaken and is then extended to dynamic analysis. Several examples illustrating the implementation and the performance of the proposed formulation are included and a comparison with results obtained by the co-rotational method is provided.

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Machairas, Theodoros T., Alexandros G. Solomou, Anargyros A. Karakalas, and Dimitris A. Saravanos. "Effect of shape memory alloy actuator geometric non-linearity and thermomechanical coupling on the response of morphing structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19862362.

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The response of adaptive structures entailing shape memory alloy actuators is investigated both numerically and experimentally in this work. Emphasis is placed on the inclusion of large displacements and rotations, as well as thermomechanical coupling in the simulation of the shape memory alloy actuators. Reduced multi-field beam finite element models for shape memory alloy actuators, encompassing a co-rotational formulation for large displacements and capability to provide the thermomechanically coupled transient response, are briefly overviewed. Prototypes of two adaptive structure configurations are developed, experimentally characterized, and numerically modeled. The measured response of the two prototypes is correlated with respective numerical results that consider both the geometric non-linearity and the thermomechanical coupling of the shape memory alloy actuators. Hence, the influence of these two effects on the predicted response of both the actuator and the adaptive structure is demonstrated. The results quantify also the interactions between geometric non-linearity and thermomechanical coupling terms. As it is shown, better agreement with experimental data is obtained when considering both effects.

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Sah, Binod. "Tax Revenue Productivity on Nepalese Economy." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v10i1.34539.

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This paper seeks to examine the productivity of Tax Revenue (TR) in the Nepalese economy. It, therefore, analyzes the impact of TR on GDP in aggregate level. This study adopts explanatory research design and attempts to determine the relationship between TR and the GDP. Exchange rate, market capitalization money supply and government spending being the intervening variables included in the model. In order for the specification of a model of co integrated regression model with a time series data of the variables are employed for the study period of 20 years, from 1999/2000 to 2018/19. The values of all the variables are converted into real price (constant price) by GDP deflator. The GDP deflator and CPI year 2013/14 have been assumed equivalent to the base year 2013/14 according to Nepalese fiscal year. Since it is observed that residuals are not normally distributed, autocorrelation and multi-co linearity problem in the model, it is necessary to improve the non-normal distribution, autocorrelation and multi-co linearity problem in the model. Therefore, the data are transposed into first difference and run the model with error correction model (ECMt-n). The R2 shows that the explanatory power of the model, indicating that the variation of GDP is explained to the extent of 81 percent variation of the independent variable included in the model. The estimated coefficient of TR in error correction model shows that one percent point rise in TR has led to0.17645 percent point increase in real GDP in short run, whereas it is found 0.21364 percent point in the long-run. This is supported by (World bank, 2003, 2007, 2018) using a large sample of developing countries observed over the period 1980-2006, and even after factoring in the endogeneity of tax revenue.

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Sabermahani, Fatemeh, and Mohammad Ali Taher. "Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Zinc in Environmental Samples After Separation and Preconcentration by Use of Polyacrylic Acid/Alumina Sorbent." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.3.646.

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Abstract Manganese, nickel, cobalt, and zinc are elements that appear together in many real samples. In this work, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method has been used for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of these elements using water-soluble polyacrylic acid on alumina as a sorbent in a glass column system. A solution containing Mn, Ni, Co, and Zn was passed through the column at pH 7, and desorption was carried with 5.0 mL of 0.03 M nitric acid. Linearity was maintained between 0.255.0 103, 0.046.0 103, 0.108.0 103, and 0.0281.0 103 ng/mL for Ni, Mn, Co, and Zn, respectively, in the original solution. Eight replicate determinations of a mixture containing 1.0 g/mL of each of the elements in the final solution gave relative standard deviations of 1.4, 1.5, 2.4, and 1.2 for Ni, Mn, Co, and Zn, respectively. The sorption capacities for Mn (mg/g sorbent) obtained were 16.0 for Mn, 9.0 for Ni, 12.0 for Co, and 10.0 for Zn. By using 5.0 mL elution solution, preconcentration factors of 400, 500, 700, and 460 could be obtained for Ni, Mn, Zn, and Co, respectively.

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Saharin, Nurul Syazlin, Husin Wagiran, and Abdul Rahman Tamuri. "Thermoluminescence Characteristics of Aluminium Oxide Doped Carbon Exposed to Cobalt-60 Gamma Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.553.

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This study concerns on the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of carbon doped aluminum oxide (Al2O3:C) as ionizing radiation dosimeter. The thermoluminescence response, linearity and sensitivity subjected to Co-60 gamma irradiation were investigated. Carbon doped (0.2 mol %) aluminum oxide samples in form of powder were irradiated to 1.25 MeV Co-60 gamma ray with doses ranging from 1 Gy to 50 Gy. Irradiations were performed by using Co-60 gamma ray model 220 Excel with the source activity, A = 2.310925534 kGy h1at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The glow curves were analysed to determine various characterizations of the TLDs. It is shown that the glow curve of the sample contains a single peak at about 180°C with broad peak appears at the right of the spectrum. It is also shown that the TL intensity has linear relationship with delivered dose and the average TL sensitivity was calculated as 3.30 nC mg-1Gy-1.

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Yang, Wei, Qiang Fu, Jing Zhao, Huan-Ren Cheng, and Yao-Cheng Shi. "Two Fe3(μ3-S)2(CO)8clusters with terminal N-heterocyclic carbenes." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 6 (May 6, 2014): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614009310.

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The title compounds with terminal N-heterocyclic carbenes, namely octacarbonyl(imidazolidinylidene-κC2)di-μ3-sulfido-triiron(II)(2Fe—Fe), [Fe3(C3H6N2)(μ3-S)2(CO)8], (I), and octacarbonyl(1-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene-κC3)di-μ3-sulfido-triiron(II)(2Fe—Fe), [Fe3(C8H8N2)(μ3-S)2(CO)8], (II), have been synthesized. Each compound contains two Fe—Fe bonds and two S atoms above and below a triiron triangle. One of the eight carbonyl ligands deviates significantly from linearity. In (I), dimers generated by an N—H...S hydrogen bond are linked into [001] double chains by a second N—H...S hydrogen bond. These chains are packed by a C—H...O hydrogen bond to yield [101] sheets. In (II), dimers generated by an N—H...S hydrogen bond are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form [111] double chains.

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Su, Yun, Hui Lin Zhao, Xi Feng Liu, and Li Hao Huang. "Design of the Dielectric Resonator Oscillator with Buffer Amplifier." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4536.

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A new structure of microwave field effect transistor Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO) working at 8.5GHz is presented with negative resistance theory and harmonic balance theory. In order to magnify the output power and enhance the load pulling, a Buffer Amplifier (BA) is designed after the DRO. The nonlinearity and linearity of this structure are analyzed and optimized with commercial software ADS. Then the properties of this structure are simulated with commercial software HFSS. Simulation results show that DRO co-integrated with BA a high output power of 13.426dBm, at an oscillation frequency of 8.5GHz.

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Ahmed, Zaheer, B. Gopinath, A. Sathish Kumar Shetty, and B. K. Sridhar. "Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Adefovir Dipivoxil in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Formulation." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/157868.

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A rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method with UV detection (262 nm) for routine analysis of adefovir dipivoxil in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation was developed. Chromatography was performed with mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (50:50, v/v) with flow rate 1.0 mL min-l. In the range of 5.0-100 µg/mL, the linearity of adefovir dipivoxil shows a correlation co-efficient of 0.9999. The proposed method was validated by determining sensitivity accuracy, precision, robustness stability, specificity, selectivity and system suitability parameters.

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Beitollahi, Hadi, Zahra Dourandish, Somayeh Tajik, Fatemeh Sharifi, and Peyman Mohammadzadeh Jahani. "Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ni–Co Layered Double Hydroxide Hollow Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Detection of Sumatriptan and Naproxen." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100872.

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In this work, Ni–Co layered double hydroxide (Ni–Co LDH) hollow nanostructures were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. A screen-printed electrode (SPE) surface was modified with as-fabricated Ni–Co LDHs to achieve a new sensing platform for determination of sumatriptan. The electrochemical behavior of the Ni–Co LDH-modified SPE (Ni–CO LDH/SPE) for sumatriptan determination was investigated using voltammetric methods. Compared with bare SPE, the presence of Ni–Co LDH was effective in the enhancement of electron transport rate between the electrode and analyte, as well as in the significant reduction of the overpotential of sumatriptan oxidation. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to perform a quantitative analysis of sumatriptan. The linearity range was found to be between 0.01 and 435.0 µM. The limits of detection (LOD) and sensitivity were 0.002 ± 0.0001 μM and 0.1017 ± 0.0001 μA/μM, respectively. In addition, the performance of the Ni–CO LDH/SPE for the determination of sumatriptan in the presence of naproxen was studied. Simultaneous analysis of sumatriptan with naproxen showed well-separated peaks leading to a quick and selective analysis of sumatriptan. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the prepared Ni–CO LDH/SPE sensor was examined in pharmaceutical and biological samples with satisfactory recovery results.

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Sugawara, Tsutomu, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Hiroki Ito, Shingo Sato, and Masanari Kokubu. "Co-fired Platinum High Temperature Sensor Element." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-56.

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Abstract In recent years, initiatives for improving the fuel consumptions have been accelerated to reduce the CO2 emissions in exhaust gas from an automotive engine; as a measure against global warming. One of the known techniques to reduce CO2 emissions, is more accurate temperature measurement of the engine. For such application, sensors such as thermistors or thin-film platinum temperature sensors have been widely used for sensing exhaust gas temperature. Especially, the thin-film platinum temperature sensors were favorable because of its linearity in resistance to temperature dependensy and accuracy in temperature measurements. However, the deformation of a resistor circuit in thin-film platinum temperature sensor elements have been observed after used in high temperature. The deformation causes the resistance drifts which leads to less accurate temperature measurements. In this study, durability of the co-fired platinum temperature sensor element was examined for high temperature application. As of result, we found that the resistance drift of the co-fired platinum temperature sensor elements were smaller than that of the thin-film platinum temperature sensor elements; after storage test at 1100 °C. Thus, the co-fired platinum temperature sensor elements can be used for higher temperature sensing, which can contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission of automotive engines.

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Jain, AK, BK Dubey, D. Basedia, S. Dhakar, M. Ahirwar, and P. Jain. "COMPARISON OF RP-HPLC AND UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF HALOPERIDOL IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 1, 2018): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1973.

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An accurate, precise, sensitive and reproducible High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of haloperidol (HPD) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2B guidelines. The RP-HPLC method was developed by the isocratic technique on a reversed-phase Thermo C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µm) column with mobile phase consisting of Methanol: Acetonitrile (50:50v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention time for HPD was 2.238±0.3min. The UV spectrophotometric determinations were performed at 244 nm using 80% methanol as a solvent. The linearity range for HPD was 5-25 μg/ml for both HPLC and UV method. The linearity of the calibration curves for each analyte in the desired concentration range was good (r2 >0.999) by both the HPLC and UV methods. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%. Moreover, the accuracy and precision obtained with HPLC co-related well with the UV method which implied that UV spectroscopy can be a cheap, reliable and less time consuming alternative for chromatographic analysis. The proposed methods are highly sensitive, precise and accurate and hence successfully applied for determining the assay and in vitro dissolution of a marketed formulation. Keywords: HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Haloperidol, Pharmaceutical formulation, Method validation, Quantitative analysis

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Rosca, Adrian Cosmin, Florentina Nicoleta Roncea, Valeriu Iancu, Iuliana Stoicescu, Radu Cazacincu, Irina Iancu, and Horatiu Miresan. "Development and Validation of Hplc-Dad Method for Diclofenac Sodium Assay from New Orodispersible Tablets with Co-Processed Excipients." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7934.

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The aim of this study is to develop and validate a reliable, fast, and precise High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the assay of diclofenac sodium (DIC) from previously optimized new orodispersible tablets (ODTs) developed with co-processed excipients.The method was conducted on an HPLC Agilent 1200, Zorbax C18 column, mobile phase of orthophosphoric acid solutions 0.1%, acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio (40:50:10 v/v/v) with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with isocratic elution and a total run time of 5 min. Detection of diclofenac sodium was carried out at 276 nm. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness as per international guidelines. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise, fast, without interference from the co-processed excipients and can be useful for routine quality control analysis of diclofenac sodium in ODTs.

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Khalifa, M. A., A. M. Ismail, M. El-Batouti, and A. El-Hawaty. "kinetics of Aquation of Dichloro Tetrapyridine Ruthenium(Ii) Complex in Binary Aqueous Solvents." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 1 (January 2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103172896.

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First-order solvolysis rates of trans-dichloro tetrapyridine ruthenium(II) have been measured UV spectrophoto metrically over a wide range of solvent compositions in temperature ranges(40–55°C) in water–2-propanol and water– t-butanol mixtures. The rate of solvolysis is faster in the former than in the latter. Plots of log (rate constant) versus the reciprocal of relative permitivity of the co-solvent gave a non-linear relation for both co-solvents, this non-linearity is derived from a large differential effect of solvent structure between the initial and transition states. Δ S# of activation correlates well with the extrema in physical properties of the mixtures which are related to changes in solvent structure. Linear plots of Δ H# versus Δ S# were obtained and the isokinetic temperature indicates that the reaction is entropy controlled.

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48

Kabak, Barış. "An obstacle to the morphologization of postpositions." Studies in Language 30, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.30.1.03kab.

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This article investigates the morphologization of postpositions and presents structural properties of Turkish postpositions and their frequency of occurrence. Turkish postpositional phrases provide chunks comprised of a frequently co-occurring case suffix on the complement followed by a postposition. According to the Linear Fusion Hypothesis (Bybee 2002), such chunks provide ideal conditions for phonological fusion. In contrast to this view, this paper shows that there is no fusion between the frequently co-occurring case suffixes and postpositions. Instead, postpositions following an uninflected form of complement have a greater chance of turning into case suffixes or clitics than those following a case-inflected form. Case suffixes serve as constant indicators of a word boundary before postpositions, thereby blocking the bonding between the postposition and the complement. Simple frequency and linearity, therefore, cannot be the sole conditions in the morphologization of postpositions.

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Song, Shuquan, and Elmer C. Alyea. "Steric effects of bulky phosphines on 95Mo NMR shieldings." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-258.

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Three sets of substituted molybdenum carbonyl complexes of the type Mo(CO)6−n(PY3)n (n = 1–3) with a wide range of phosphorus ligands (Y = Ar, R, OR, NR2, Cl, H) were synthesized and their respective 95Mo NMR spectral data were collected. The steric effect of PY3 plays an unexpectedly important role in the paramagnetic shielding term determining δ(95Mo), and is even observed in the least crowded M(CO)5(PY3) complexes. It is deduced that the steric requirement reduces the commonly accepted π-ability of phosphites by weakening the M—P bonds, making δ(95Mo) positions move toward higher frequency in going from M(CO)5(PY3) to fac-M(CO)3(PY3)3. A detailed correlation analysis in the case of phosphite ligands has shown that the free cone space to accommodate a PY3 ligand may be as low as 95° in Mo(CO)6−n(PY3)n (n = 1–3) derivatives. The fair linearity of these correlations suggests indirectly that the σ-component in phosphite bonding is relatively less important. These linear correlations of δ(95Mo) against the Tolman cone angle θ provide an empirical estimation of the bulkiness of any phosphite ligand. Key words: metal–phosphorus bonds, 95Mo NMR, steric effects.

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Manousi, Natalia, Eleni Isaakidou, and George A. Zachariadis. "An Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Toxic and Nutrient Metals in Spices after Pressure-Assisted Digestion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020534.

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The aim of this study was to develop a simple and rapid inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP-OES) method for the determination of 17 metals (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl and Zn) in packaged spices. For this purpose, the spice samples (200 mg) in the form of powder were submitted to pressure-assisted wet-acid digestion with a mixture of 6 mL concentrated HNO3 and 1 mL H2O2. The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, trueness, precision, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs). Good method trueness, precision and linearity were observed for the examined elements. The LODs of the examined analytes ranged between 0.08 and 5.95 mg kg−1. The present method was employed for the analysis of twenty-two packaged commercially available spices including asteroid anise, clove, cardamon, cinnamon, curry, coriander, turmeric, cumin, white pepper, black pepper, nutmeg, allspice, red pepper, paprika, ginger, green pepper and pink pepper from the Greek market that are widely consumed. A wide variety of metal of different concentration ranges were determined in the samples.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Co-linearity'

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