Academic literature on the topic 'Co-linearity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Co-linearity"
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Hall, Sophie S., Petra M. J. Pollux, Hettie Roebuck, and Kun Guo. "ERP evidence for human early visual sensitivity to co-linearity compared to co-circularity." Neuroscience Letters 556 (November 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.09.065.
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Yue, Hong Kun, Ming Chang, Si Jie Liu, and Ran Zhou. "Determination of Content of the Four Alkaloids and the Total Alkaloid in Co-Dergocrine Mesyiate Tablets by HPLC." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.419.
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Objective: To determine the four kinds of alkaloid and the total alkaloid in Co-dergocrine Mesyiate tablets by HPLC. Methods: HPLC was used. C18column (250mm×4.6mm5μm) was selected, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-H2O-triethylamine (50:150:5).Detection was performed by UV with wavelength of 280nm.Results:A linearity of alkaloid I was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9997). The average recovery of alkaloid Iwas 101.16%, and RSD was0.92%. A linearity of alkaloidII(α isomer) was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9998). The average recovery of α-alkaloidII was 99.31%, and RSD was1.14%. A linearity of alkaloidII(β isomer) was obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9999). The average recovery of β-alkaloidII was 97.31%, and RSD was1.96%. A linearity of alkaloid IIIwas obtained from 240.336 to 961.344μg/mL with good correlation (r=0.9998).The average recovery of alkaloidIII was 102.02%, and RSD was 1.38%.Conclusion:The HPLC is sensitive and accurate in determining the four kinds of alkaloid in Co-dergocrine Mesyiate tablets. It can be applied efficiently.
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Lim, T. C., M. Zako, S. Sakata, and S. Ramakrishna. "Geometrical Non-Linearity of Textile Composites in Large Deformation." Advanced Composites Letters 9, no. 4 (July 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900402.
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In considering small deformation of solids, it is common to assume linear elasticity. Where large deformation is concerned, material non-linearity – whether hyper elasticity, strain hardening, etc – must be considered. In large deformation of textile composites, overall material non-linearity consists of (a) constituent material non-linearity, and (b) geometrical non-linearity due to strain-deformation relation. This paper firstly proposes a finite element procedure for obtaining the stiffness matrix of a representative volume element. The procedure involved is simple due to an effective decoupling methodology. Secondly, co-ordinate updating of the FE mesh is performed to allow readjustment to the fibre bundle elements in the RVE. This enables the process of fabric realignment to be theoretically mimicked to consider the influence of fibre bundle reorganisation on the overall stiffness of the textile composite – hence geometrical non-linearity.
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Susilo, S. P., S. H. Pertiwi, and A. Ainurofiq. "Development and validation of analytical methods for multicomponent crystals of ibuprofen with malic and tartaric acid using spectrophotometry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012033.
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Abstract Various chemical substances have been used as pharmaceutical active ingredients, such as ibuprofen, which is an analgesic. The validity of an analytical method of a pharmaceutical active ingredient combined with co-formers into one single phase should be confirmed so that the analysis can be well received. Therefore, this study aims to validate the analytical method of ibuprofen in multicomponent crystals using a UV spectrophotometer with the parameters of linearity, accuracy, precision, and placebo interference. Ibuprofen was dissolved in phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.2 using ethanol as co-solvent. The solution was diluted and analyzed to obtain the maximum wavelength. The calibration curve was analyzed to obtain the linear regression equation for ibuprofen to determine linearity. The accuracy and precision parameters were measured by the results of replications. Meanwhile, placebo interference was determined using an equimolar ratio of 1:1 between ibuprofen with malic acid and tartaric acid. The results of the analysis showed that ibuprofen had a maximum wavelength of 265 nm. The linearity, accuracy, precision, and placebo interference fulfilled the requirement. Based on the validation parameter performed, the analytical method used was valid for the analysis of ibuprofen multicomponent crystals with malic acid and tartaric acid as co-formers.
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Holliday, R. "The early years of molecular biology: personal recollections." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 57, no. 2 (May 22, 2003): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2003.0206.
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The early years of molecular biology were characterized by a strong interaction between theory and experiment. This included the elucidation of the structure of DNA itself; genetic fine structure, recombination and repair; DNA replication; template–directed protein synthesis; the universality of the triplet genetic code, and the co–linearity of the DNA sequence of structural genes and the sequence of amino acids in proteins. The principle of co–linearity was later modified when split genes were discovered.. It is suggested that accurate splicing of gene transcripts might also be template directed. In 1958 Crick proposed a ‘central dogma’ of molecular biology stating that information could not be transmitted from proteins to DNA. Nevertheless, proteins can chemically modify DNA, and this is now known to have strong effects on gene expression.
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Syamdini, C. F. S., I. K. Muthiah, and A. Ainurofiq. "Validation of UV spectrophotometric method for ketoprofen multicomponent crystals with malic acid and tartaric acid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012034.
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Abstract These multicomponent crystals are formed by two chemical substances, between ketoprofen and their co-formers, which are malic acid and tartaric acid. Analysis of multicomponent crystals showed a possibility of interference between constituents. To determine interference between pure drugs and their co-formers, a validated, fast, easy, efficient, and adequate analysis method is required. This study aims to evaluate and develop an analytical method validation that is accurate, specific, and reproducible on ketoprofen multicomponent crystals using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study was conducted by the dissolving of phosphate buffer with 7.4 pH with the addition of ethanol co-solvent to obtain calibration curve solution. The calibration curve was analyzed for linearity, accuracy, and precision. Meanwhile, the placebo interference parameter was measured on an equimolar ratio of 1:1 between ketoprofen and co-former. Validation result on the wavelength of 260.5 nm with a range of 1-16.834 µg/mL showed the linearity of R2 = 0.999 and intercept P-value > 0.05, accuracy of Recovery = 100.652%, precision of RSD = 0.568%, and placebo interference of 0%. Based on the results of this study, the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method for ketoprofen multicomponent crystals fulfilled the validation standard.
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Mohammadi Farhadi, Rahman, Vyacheslav Kortunov, Andrii Molchanov, and Tatiana Solianyk. "ESTIMATION OF THE LATERAL AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FOR SKYWALKER X8 FLYING WING FROM REAL FLIGHT-TEST DATA." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0077.
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Stability and control derivatives of Skywalker X8 flying wing from flight-test data are estimated by using the combination of the output error and least square methods in the presence of the wind. Data is collected from closed loop flight tests with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that caused data co-linearity problems for the identification of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) dynamic system. The data co-linearity problem is solved with a biased estimation via priori information, parameter fixing and constrained optimization, which uses analytical values of aerodynamic parameters, the level of the identifiability and sensitivity of the measurement vector to the parameters. Estimated aerodynamic parameters are compared with the theoretically calculated coefficients of the UAV, moreover, the dynamic model is validated with additional flight-test data and small covariances of the estimated parameters.
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Sawa, Sayuki, and Shinzo Yoshikado. "Evaluation of Laminated Thin-Film ZnO Varistor by PLD." Key Engineering Materials 350 (October 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.350.217.
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Laminar-type thin-film ZnO varistors were fabricated on sintered alumina substrates using visible light (532nm) pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structure of the laminar-type thin-film varistor is Ni / Co-added ZnO / impurity layer / Co-added ZnO / Ni. Many droplets were observed on the deposited Bi2O3+MnO2 compared with the deposited Co-added ZnO thin film. Moreover, for droplets on the Bi2O3+MnO2 layer, the content of Mn was higher than that of Bi. The V-I characteristics of the deposited ZnO+CoCl2 or Bi2O3+MnO2 thin film were ohmic. However, V-I characteristics of laminar-type thin film including the Bi2O3+MnO2 impurity layer deposited for 30min showed nonlinearity. The non linearity index α was approximately 2 and the varistor voltage was approximately 1V. Thermal annealing in N2 gas atmosphere at 700°C for 10 min was carried out to improve the crystallinity of the thin film. After annealing, both the varistor voltage and the current at which nonlinearity appeared decreased. Moreover, the value of non linearity index α was approximately 2.8.
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Kim, Sung-Chan. "Measurement of Heat Release Rate by Carbon Dioxide Generation Method for Methane Fire." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.1e176e77.
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The energy released by various burning material has a wide range of its magnitude and transient characteristics, the measurement of the heat release rate(HRR) has been considered as one of the most challenging issue among the parameters related to fire. This study compares the measured HRR calculated by the oxygen consumption (OC) method and the carbon dioxide generation (CDG) method using a laboratory-scale fire calorimeter. The feasibility of the CDG method is examined by analyzing the relative error. The relationship between the oxygen depletion factor and CO<sub>2</sub> mass flow rate, which is a key parameter in HRR calculations, showed strong linearity at 6 % for the methane burner fire. The contribution of HRR by CO was less than 7% compared with the of HRR by CO<sub>2</sub> in the CDG calculation method. The linearity of the OC and CDG methods with respect to HRR of the referenced methane burner in a quasi-steady state was less than 1%; this indicates that the CDG method can be utilized as a complementary method in heat release rate measurement.
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Erfani Haghiri, Maryam, Elias Saion, Nayereh Soltani, and Wan Saffiey wan Abdullah. "Thermoluminescence Properties of Nanostructured Calcium Borate as a Sensitive Radiation Dosimeter for High Radiation Doses." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.189.
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The crystalline calcium tetraborate (CaB4O7) nanoparticles were synthesized using a combination of facile co-precipitation and thermal treatment. The synthesized phosphor nanoparticles were found to possess a monoclinic nanostructure of particle size of about 8 nm. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of the nanoparticles shows a single peak centred at about 150°C. The TL nanophosphor revealed an excellent dosimetric response with a respectable linearity in the dose range of 0.05 to 1000 Gy, which is wider than its counterparts prepared by non nanosynthesis methods. They exhibited good luminescence efficiency and wide range linearity, suggesting the present phosphor nanoparticles may be considered as a suitable candidate for the dosimetric applications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Co-linearity"
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Ovanfors, Anna. "Essays on nonlinear time series analysis and health economics." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-504.
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Lopes, Jader Silva. "Avaliação do desempenho na pré e pós desmama para uma população bovina multirracial Aberdeen Angus x Nelore utilizando diferentes modelos genéticos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10740.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe objective of this study was to estimate the genetic effects that affect the pre and post weaning performances of animals, products from Aberdeen Angus (A) and Nellore (N) breeds crosses. In Article 1, there were used the weaning weights (PD) to test five genetic models (M). The M1, complete, containing the fix breed genetic effects direct additive (AD) and maternal (AM), the heterozygote effects direct (HD) and maternal (HM), the epystatic effects direct (HD) and maternal (HM) and joint additive effects direct (ACD) and maternal (ACM); M2, was equal to M1, excluding ACD and ACM effects; M3, was equal to M1, excluding ED and EM effects; M4, was equal M1, excluding ED, EM, ACD and ACM effects, and M5, was equal M1, excluding HD, HM, ED, EM, ACD and ACM effects. The models were submitted to three different analysis methods: Least Square Means method (MQM), Ridge Regression Method (RC) and Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method (REML). The different tests used to check the methodologies efficiency and to compare the models allowed to conclude, for this population, that: the dominant additive models usually used for genetic evaluations, do not give a good description of the pre weaning variations, being necessary to add the heterozygote and epystatic effects; the joint additive effects do not improve substantially the adjustment of the analysis model and the heterozygote effects were efficient to represent a quadratic breed additive effect, beyond of to insert a bias related to the joint additive effects co linearity. In Article 2, there were used the weight at yearling (PS) to test five genetic models as previously described, only excluding the maternal effects. The models were submitted to three different analysis methods: MQM, RC and REML. The RC method estimate coefficients with magnitude and sign with biological explanations. The estimative obtained were different from one to the other model, indicating the importance of to choose the adequate model to perform one analysis. It is necessary to decide based on a previous knowledge of the studied phenomenon, it biological interpretation, and the relationship between the independent variables. It was important to include the effects caused by heterozygosis and epystasis in the model besides the additive effect. The mathematic notation nowadays used for the joint additive effects, and tested in this study, were not able to explain the between breed complementarily, as was expected, because of the multi co linearity between the effects studied.
Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar os efeitos genéticos que influenciam o desempenho pré e pós-desmama de animais produtos de cruzamentos entre as raças Aberdeen Angus (A) e Nelore (N). No artigo 1, foram utilizados os pesos a desmama (PD) para testar cinco modelos (M) genéticos diferentes. O M1, contendo os efeitos genéticos de raça fixos aditivos diretos (AD) e maternos (AM), heterozigóticos diretos (HD) e maternos (HM), epistáticos diretos (ED) e maternos (EM) e aditivos conjuntos diretos (ACD) e maternos (ACM); o M2, igual ao M1, menos os efeitos ACD e ACM; o M3, igual ao M1, menos os efeitos ED e EM; o M4, igual ao M1, menos os efeitos ED, EM, ACD e ACM e o M5, igual ao M1, menos os efeitos HD, HM, ED, EM, ACD e ACM. Os modelos foram submetidos a três métodos de análise diferentes: Método dos Quadrados Mínimos (MQM), Regressão de Cumeeira (RC) e Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML). Os diferentes testes usados para avaliar a eficiência das metodologias e comparar os modelos permitiram concluir, para esta população, que: os modelos aditivos dominantes, usualmente utilizados em avaliações genéticas, não descrevem adequadamente as variações que ocorrem no desempenho pré-desmama, devendo ser adicionados os efeitos heterozigóticos e epistáticos; os efeitos aditivos conjuntos não acrescentaram melhoria substancial aos ajustes promovidos pelos modelos de análise e os efeitos heterozigóticos foram suficientes para representar um efeito quadrático do efeito aditivo de raça, além da inserção de um viés desnecessário atribuído a multicolineariedade relacionada aos efeitos aditivos conjuntos. No artigo 2, foram utilizados os pesos ao sobreano (PS) para testar os cinco modelos genéticos, descritos para PD, excluindo-se apenas o efeito materno. Os modelos foram submetidos a três métodos de análise diferentes: MQM, RC e REML. O método RC forneceu estimativas de coeficientes com magnitudes e sinais explicados biologicamente. As estimativas dos efeitos, (co)variâncias, parâmetros e valores genéticos diferiram entre os modelos, indicando a importância da correta escolha do modelo de análise, devendo-se ter conhecimento prévio do fenômeno estudado, sua interpretação biológica, e sempre preceder à escolha de um modelo de análise genética multirracial o estudo da relação existente entre as variáveis independentes. Importantes efeitos adicionais ao efeito aditivo foram acrescentados pelas inclusões dos efeitos heterozigóticos e epistáticos aos modelos de análise. A notação matemática dos efeitos aditivoconjuntos, aplicada atualmente na literatura, e testada neste estudo, não foram capazes de explicar a complementariedade entre raças como esperado, havendo problemas com casos de multicolineariedade entre os efeitos estudados.
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Nsouadi, Clarda. "Analyse multi-échelle du comouvement entre les prix du quota carbone, du crédit carbone, et des produits énergétiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD052/document.
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Notre thèse est une contribution à la compréhension de la structure du prix du quota carbone, à l’analyse de sa fluctuation, et aux interactions pouvant exister entre d’une part le système communautaire d’échange de quota d’émission (SCEQE) et le mécanisme pour le développement propre (MDP) et d’autre part entre le marché du quota carbone et ceux du secteur de l’énergie. Pour réaliser cet objectif, nous faisons appel à l’approche temps-fréquence (ondelettes) qui permet d’analyser le comportement local d’un signal, en isolant les composantes relatives aux fréquences de trading des agents. Cette méthode permet de décomposer la variance d’une série chronologique en différentes composantes fréquentielles dont on peut suivre les évolutions au cours du temps. Les horizons temporels de placement sont affectés à chaque bande de fréquences liés à un degré de risque du marché. Les bandes à haute fréquence obtenues par la décomposition en ondelettes renferment l’information relative à la structure de la série chronologique à court terme et non; celle à moyenne et à basse fréquence captent respectivement les structures de la série chronologique à moyen et long terme. Pour concrétiser notre apport nous proposons un développement de notre recherche en 3 chapitres. Le premier présente le marché carbone, sa création, son fonctionnement, et les différents acteurs qui l’animent. La formation du prix du CO2, son évolution et ses facteurs déterminants. Le deuxième développe une analyse multidimensionnelle du comouvement entre le prix du quota (SCEQE) et du crédit carbone (MDP) selon deux hypothèses : la première est l’homogénéité du comportement des agents. La relation de comouvement entre le prix du quota (SCEQE) et du crédit carbone (MDP) suppose que les intervenants sur le marché disposent d’une même stratégie d’investissement. On utilise dans ce cas les outils économétriques standards (Analyse de la Cointégration, de la causalité, modélisation vecteur Autorégressif). Nous mettons en évidence l’existence d’une causalité unidirectionnelle du CER vers l’EUA conforme aux faits observés de l’accélération du mécanisme pour le développement propre (MDP). En effet les industriels portent un grand intérêt sur le MDP, et cela a eu un impact direct sur le prix de l’EUA sur le marché européen du carbone. Nous observons aussi une dynamique d’interconnexion par l’intermédiaire du VAR(1) entre l’EUA et le CER. La deuxième hypothèse est celle de l’hétérogénéité du comportement des agents. Nous étudions la relation de comouvement entre le prix du quota (SCEQE) et celui crédit carbone (MDP) par une analyse multi-échelle dérivée de la théorie des ondelettes. Nous montrons que quels que soient les différents horizons d’investissement retenus (court, moyen et long terme), il existe une relation positive significative entre les deux séries de prix. De plus La causalité dynamique par ondelettes sur chaque paire de bandes de fréquence, confirme notre hypothèse d’une relation instable entre le EUA et le CER. Le troisième chapitre complète le précédent par l’analyse du comouvement multi-échelle entre le prix du quota carbone issu du SCEQE et ceux des marchés énergétiques (pétrole, le Charbon et le Gaz). La cohérence par ondelettes pierre angulaire de cette étude peut être interprétée comme une mesure de corrélation locale calculée de façon non-paramétrique. Cette première tentative de l’analyse multi-échelle de la relation de comouvement entre le marché du CO2, du pétrole, du Gaz et du Charbon fondée sur l’hypothèse d’hétérogénéité des agents montre qu’il est possible aux intervenants sur le marché carbone d’avoir une grande palette de choix de stratégies leurs permettant de mieux se prémunir contre les risques liés aux fortes volatilités du prix du carboneThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the carbon price quota structure, the analysis of its fluctuation, and the interactions that may exist between on the one hand the EU system of emission quota exchange (ETS) and the mechanism for clean development (CDM) and on the other hand between carbon quota market and the quota in the energy sector. For this study, we introduced the hypothesis of heterogeneity of agents' behavior on the carbon market where coexist multiple scales of investments.To achieve this, we used a time-frequency approach (wavelets) that can analyze the local behavior of a signal by isolating the components related to the agents’ trading frequency. This method allows variance decomposition of a time series into different frequency components. The time investment horizons are assigned to each frequency band associated with a degree of market risk. High frequency bands obtained by wavelet decomposition contain information pertaining to the short-term time series structure; the medium and the low frequencies respectively capture the structures of the time series in the medium and long term.To complete this project we proposed developing of our research in 3 chapters:The first chapter presents the carbon market, its creation, its operation, and the various actors who animate it. The formation of the CO2 price, its evolution and its determinants were also analyzed during this chapter.The second chapter develops a multi-scale analysis of the co-movement between price of quota (ETS) and carbon credit (CDM). This particular study was based on two assumptions:- The first assumption was the homogeneity of the various agents’ behaviors. The co-movement relationship between the price of quota (ETS) and carbon credit (CDM) assumes that market participants have the same investment strategy especially since all stakeholders agents invest in these markets on the same horizons. This relationship is studied using standard econometric tools such as Analysis of Co-integration of causality and Vector Autoregressive modeling.The main result of this specific part highlights the existence of a unidirectional causality from the ERC to the EUA with an observed acceleration of the mechanism for clean development (CDM). Manufacturers have a strong interest in the CDM which has had a direct impact on the price of EUAs on the European carbon market. We also observed a dynamic interconnection through the VAR (1) between EUA and CER.- The second assumption is the heterogeneity of agents' behavior. We highlighted the relationship of co-movement between price of quota (ETS) and carbon credit (CDM) to a multi-scale analysis derived from wavelet theory. We show that whatever the different investment horizons retained (short, medium and long term), there is a significant positive relationship between the two sets of prices. The more dynamic causal wavelet on each pair of frequency bands detects an unstable relationship between EUA and CER which confirms our working hypothesis.And finally, a third chapter that complements the previous analysis by the co-movement between multi-scale carbon allowance prices resulting from the ETS to those energy markets (oil, coal and gas). Using coherence wavelet, it examined the simultaneous dependence (co-movement) between two price series in time and frequency. It can be interpreted as a local measurement of correlation calculated non-parametrically. Overall, this study is the first attempt at a multi-scale analysis of the co-movement relationship between the CO2 market, Oil, Gas and Coal which is based on the hypothesis of heterogeneity of agents using a template from wavelet algorithm. The model used in this study will allow stakeholders agents on the carbon market to have a great range of choices for their strategies to be able to anticipate wisely because of the high volatility of carbon prices on their different investment horizons
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Do, Minh-Nhut. "Co-conception et caractérisation de circuits actifs et passifs tri-dimensionnels en bande K pour l'intégration de mycrosystèmes sur silicium aux fréquences milimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196619.
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Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse proposent de tirer profit des nouvelles technologies disponibles pour répondre aux besoins de la montée en fréquence et de la miniaturisation des systèmes de communication tout en améliorant le niveau des performances. Les études se sont axées vers la conception d'une structure à mélangeur de réjection de fréquence image permettant de relâcher les contraintes sur les structures critiques de filtrage amont. L'intégration des parties actives et passives de ce système, a ainsi été menée avec comme objectifs de tirer au maximum partie des potentialités de chaque technologie, de proposer des solutions techniques pour palier aux inconvénients de chaque technologie, et d'optimiser l'architecture globale en partitionnant le système suivant les contraintes technologiques et/ou techniques. La première partie des travaux a ainsi porté sur le développement en bande K d'une nouvelle topologie de mélangeur à base de transistors à hétérojonction Si-SiGe à linéarité améliorée. Se basant sur une compréhension des phénomènes intrinsèques du circuit, des topologies modifiées ont de plus été proposés afin de repousser l'ensemble des performances atteignables sur cette technologie. La seconde partie des travaux concerne la conception de coupleurs passifs, toujours en bande K, avec pour objectif la miniaturisation maximale de ces fonctions. Une méthodologie de conception a, dans ce cadre, été développée et validée par une intégration sur une technologie spécifiquement développée au LAAS-CNRS et compatible avec une future intégration avec les circuits actifs. Nous avons ainsi obtenu des performances optimales (à l'état de l'art) avec un gain d'intégration d'un facteur 2. Enfin, en amont et en aval de ces travaux, une étude sur l'architecture globale du système de mélangeur à réjection de fréquence image a été conduite, et sans cesse raffinée, afin de partitionner les contraintes de performances entre les différents blocs et de vérifier l'obte ntion des performances.
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Chen, Andrew (Shi Wei). "Dissection of traits relating to flowering and reproductive frost tolerance on chromosome 2HL of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63527.
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In Australia, cereal crops such as wheat and barley are planted in autumn with the majority of the growing season occurring over winter. This results in occasional exposure of cold sensitive reproduction organs of the florets to frost events (-2 to -4°C) that sporadically occur in winter and early spring. Direct frost damage to cereal reproductive tissues can cause up to 85% yield losses and is estimated to cause 10% reduction in long-term yield in Australia. Two loci (2H and 5H) controlling frost tolerance at the reproductive stage were identified in Amagi Nijo × WI2585 and Galleon × Haruna Nijo DH populations, with alleles inherited from the Japanese parents associated with tolerance. The 5H locus (Fr-5H) position is close to the Triticeae homoeoloci influencing vernalization response (Vrn-1) and vegetative frost tolerance (Fr-1), while no frost tolerance effects had previously been reported in the region of the 2H locus (Fr-2H) in cereals. In the current study, the 2H and 5H chromosome regions controlling frost tolerance were also found to control developmental traits (e.g. flowering time), suggesting that developmental effects could directly or indirectly determine frost tolerance at one or both loci. However, preliminary data suggest that none of the developmental traits were consistently associated with tolerance. Using rice-barley co-linearity, the flowering time effect on 2HL (we named Flt-2L) was delimited to a 1.3 cM genetic interval in barley where it co-segregated with flowering time, spike compactness, plant height and an APETALA2-like gene. The AP2 gene represents a plausible candidate for Flt-2L because members of the AP2 gene family have been shown to control flowering time in maize, rice and wheat. Further analysis showed that the 2H frost tolerance effect can be genetically separated from Flt-2L by recombination. Thus frost tolerance at this locus appears to be controlled by a tolerance per se mechanism and is not as a result of flowering time differences (frost escape). Therefore, tolerance is unlikely to be due to a pleiotropic effect of Flt-2L. Floret sterility levels obtained using a frost simulation chamber distinguished the parents and F₂ derived individuals carrying contrasting alleles at the 2H tolerance locus. The use of an ice nucleator facilitated uniform freezing on the surfaces of the spikes and leaves, and was used to demonstrate that the 2H effect likely depends on freezing and not chilling. Future activities will include using rice-barley co-linearity to isolate the gene(s) responsible for frost tolerance at the 2H and 5H loci. The emerging physical maps of barley and wheat and the genome sequence of Brachypodium will accelerate the positional cloning. Candidate genes will be functionally analyzed using both forward and reverse genetic approaches. Markers linked to the genes controlling tolerance will be given to breeders to assess the value of the tolerance alleles in the field.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2009
Book chapters on the topic "Co-linearity"
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Yao, Andrew C. "On the Communication Complexity of Co-linearity Problems." In Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2005, 57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11549345_6.
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Guha, Prithwijit, Dibyendu Palai, K. S. Venkatesh, and Amitabha Mukerjee. "A Multiscale Co-linearity Statistic Based Approach to Robust Background Modeling." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2006, 297–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11612032_31.
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de Groot, Marius, Meike W. Vernooij, Stefan Klein, Alexander Leemans, Renske de Boer, Aad van der Lugt, Monique M. B. Breteler, and Wiro J. Niessen. "Iterative Co-linearity Filtering and Parameterization of Fiber Tracts in the Entire Cingulum." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009, 853–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04268-3_105.
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"5. From Linearity to Co-Evolution: On the Architecture of Nicolai Hartmann’s Levels of Reality." In New Research on the Philosophy of Nicolai Hartmann, 81–108. De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110434378-006.
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Nikabadi, Mohsen Shafiei, and Amir Hakaki. "Mutual Relationship Between Supply Chain, Business Strategy, and Knowledge Management in Supply Chain." In Dynamic Perspectives on Globalization and Sustainable Business in Asia, 301–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7095-0.ch019.
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The goal of this study is to present a multidimensional structure for relationship between supply chain (SC) strategies, business strategies, and knowledge management (KM) strategies with knowledge sharing in SC of the automotive industry of Iran. This is an applied research and has done as a survey, correlation, and cause-effect research. In this research, confirmative factor analysis, correlation test, co-linearity test, and path analysis were used. The chapter tries to describe quantitatively all the relations in multidimensional structure. Effective knowledge sharing in SC is influenced by the hierarchy of strategies. Thus, SC strategies influence the business strategies, business strategies affect knowledge strategies, and knowledge strategies influence the effective and systematic knowledge sharing in the SC. Therefore, knowledge sharing is most of all influenced by KM strategies but is indirectly influenced by business and SC strategies.
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Manuhutu, Khrisna Ariyanto, Ariane von Raesfeld, and Peter Geurts. "Innovation Success Over Time of Alliances With Different Strategic and Cooperation Objectives." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 1–23. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3226-2.ch001.
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In response to uncertainty of prospective technologies and how they might fit market demand, firms tend to establish R&D alliances. In this chapter the effect over time of continuation of underperforming R&D alliances on innovation performance during the pre-market stage is investigated. This stage is characterized by non-linearity, as expected outcomes and market demands are uncertain. Literature suggests that computational modeling in particular agent-based modeling can be used to investigate such non-linear processes. Agent based modeling starts with simple behavioral rules that develop into emergent system-level behaviors, and in that way controlled system level experiments are used to identify in an inductive way causal mechanisms that drive the system development. In this chapter's simulation model, an agent decides to continue its R&D alliance based on its strategic and cooperation objectives. After evaluating if the strategic goals is met, firms can decide about the extent to which to continue the R&D alliances if the strategic goal is not met. This is called persistency. The model is aimed to explain developmental paths and patterns of the co-evolution of alliances and technology. Despite suggestions to investigate non-linear processes in the pre-market phase by using an agent-based model, agent-based models so far do not focus on the impact of alliance continuation on innovation performance over the path of technology development. In previous research these paths mainly have been investigated in case and cross sectional studies but not in an agent based model. A base-line model is developed and the extent to which it reflects reality is analyzed in order to improve the model's performance.
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Rohling, Hermann. "OFDM Transmission Technique." In Mobile Computing, 3561–87. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch260.
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The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique can efficiently deal with multi-path propagation effects especially in broadband radio channels. It also has a high degree of system flexibility in multiple access schemes by combining the conventional TDMA; FDMA; and CDMA approaches with the OFDM modulation procedure; which is especially important in the uplink of a multi-user system. In OFDM-FDMA schemes carrier synchronization and the resulting sub-carrier orthogonality plays an important role to avoid any multiple access interferences (MAI) in the base station receiver. An additional technical challenge in system design is the required amplifier linearity to avoid any non-linear effects caused by a large peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of an OFDM signal. The OFDM transmission technique is used for the time being in some broadcast applications (DVB-T; DAB; DRM) and wireless local loop (WLL) standards (HIPERLAN/2; IEEE 802.11a) but OFDM has not been used so far in cellular communication networks. The general idea of the OFDM scheme is to split the total bandwidth into many narrowband sub-channels which are equidistantly distributed on the frequency axis. The sub-channel spectra overlap each other but the sub-carriers are still orthogonal in the receiver and can therefore be separated by a Fourier transformation. The system flexibility and use of sub-carrier specific adaptive modulation schemes in frequency selective radio channels are some advantages which make the OFDM transmission technique a strong and technically attractive candidate for the next generation of mobile communications. The objective of this chapter is to describe an OFDM-based system concept for the fourth generation (4G) of mobile communications and to discuss all technical details when establishing a cellular network which requires synchronization in time and frequency domain with sufficient accuracy. In this cellular environment a flexible frequency division multiple access scheme based on OFDM-FDMA is developed and a radio resource management (RRM) employing dynamic channel allocation (DCA) techniques is used. A purely decentralized and self-organized synchronization technique using specific test signals and RRM techniques based on co-channel interference (CCI) measurements has been developed and will be described in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Co-linearity"
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Sun, Weiguo, and Linghua Zhang. "WSN Location Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing Co-linearity DV-Hop." In 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcec.2018.8469558.
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Mayrock, Markus, and Herbert Haunstein. "Optical Monitoring for Non-Linearity Identification in CO-OFDM Transmission Systems." In 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - OFC 2008 Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2008.4528089.
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Xu, Li, and Degang Chen. "Fast co-test of linearity and spectral performance with non-coherent sampled and amplitude clipped data." In 2014 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/test.2014.7035354.
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Allison, James T., and Zhi Han. "Co-Design of an Active Suspension Using Simultaneous Dynamic Optimization." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48521.
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Design of physical systems and associated control systems are coupled tasks; design methods that manage this interaction explicitly can produce system-optimal designs, whereas conventional sequential processes may not. Here we explore a new technique for combined physical system and control design (co-design) based on a simultaneous dynamic optimization approach known as direct transcription, which transforms infinite-dimensional control design problems into finite dimensional nonlinear programming problems. While direct transcription problem dimension is often large, sparse problem structures and fine-grained parallelism (among other advantageous properties) can be exploited to yield computationally efficient implementations. Extension of direct transcription to co-design gives rise to a new problem structures and new challenges. Here we illustrate direct transcription for co-design using a new automotive active suspension design example developed specifically for testing co-design methods. This example builds on prior active suspension problems by incorporating a more realistic physical design component that includes independent design variables and a broad set of physical design constraints, while maintaining linearity of the associated differential equations.
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Aiso, Keiichi, Yoshio Tashiro, Tsuneo Suzuki, and Takeshi Yagi. "Erbium Lanthanum co-doped fiber for L-band amplifier with high efficiency, low non-linearity and low NF." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2001.tua6.
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Loraine, Jorome, Hassan Saleh, Frederic Drillet, Ousmane Sow, Imene Lahbib, and Gregory U'Ren. "5.9-7.1GHz High-Linearity LNA Using Innovative 3D Device Level Co-Integration of GaN HEMT and RF-SOI." In 2021 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2021. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ims19712.2021.9574971.
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Phethaw, Chotika, and Kanokwan Nontapot. "Determination of laser power linearity of thermopile monitor detector used in CO2 laser calibration system." In 2022 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieecon53204.2022.9741661.
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Jain, Ankur, Syed Alam, Scott Pozder, and Robert E. Jones. "Thermal-Electrical Co-Optimization of Block-Level Floorplanning in 3D Integrated Circuits." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89017.
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While the stacking of multiple strata to produce 3D integrated circuits improves interconnect length and hence reduces power and latency, it also results in the exacerbation of the thermal management challenge due to the increased power density. There is a need for design tools to understand and optimize the trade-off between electrical and thermal design at the device and block level. This paper presents results from thermal-electrical co-optimization for block-level floorplanning in a multi-die 3D integrated circuit. A method for temperature computation based on linearity of the governing energy equation is presented. This method is shown to be faster and more accurate than previously used resistance-network based approaches and full-scale FEM simulations. This method is combined with previously reported electrical delay models for 3D ICs to simultaneously optimize both the maximum temperature and the interconnect length. Results outline the various trade-offs between thermal and electrical considerations. It is shown that co-optimization of thermal and electrical objectives results in a floorplan that is attractive from both perspectives. Constraints placed by the 3D IC manufacturing process on design are outlined, showing that the cheapest manufacturing options may not result in optimal electrical and thermal design. In particular, the wafer-on-wafer bonding process requires the two die to be identical, which results in a severe design constraint, particularly on the thermal goal due to the overlap of high power density blocks. Results presented in this work highlight the need for thermal and electrical co-design in multistrata microelectronics, and for reconciling manufacturing and design considerations in order to develop practical design tools for 3D integrated circuits.
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Vummidi, Krishna, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, Bashar K. Hammad, Sanjay Raman, and Ali H. Nayfeh. "Micromechanical Resonators With Near-Linear Response." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66517.
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We study the effect of bias voltage VDC on the effective nonlinearity of electrostatically clamped-clamped microbeam resonators. We identify three domains in the resonator response: hardening-type, softening-type, and near-linear behaviors. In the near linear domain we show that we can increase the power handling of the resonator without distorting its phase noise performance. We investigate the mixing of low frequency 1/f noise into the input signal. This causes phase distortion of the output signal and is quantized as its phase noise. We find that the amplitude and phase responses of the resonator’s displacement are coupled to each other through the effective non-linearity co-efficient (S), which distorts its phase response in the nonlinear regime. Finally we also present closed form expressions for resonator displacement and current in both linear and non-linear regimes.
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Tanimura, Takahito, Shoichiro Oda, Masahiro Yuki, Huijian Zhang, Lei Li, Zhenning Tao, Hisao Nakashima, Takeshi Hoshida, Kentaro Nakamura, and Jens C. Rasmussen. "Non-linearity Tolerance of Direct Detection and Coherent Receivers for 43 Gb/s RZ-DQPSK Signals with Co-propagating 11.1 Gb/s NRZ Signals over NZ-DSF." In 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication - OFC 2008 Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2008.4528639.
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