Relevant bibliographies by topics / Co-crystalline

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Co-crystalline'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Co-crystalline"

1

Daniel, Christophe, Claudia Rufolo, Fabrizio Bobba, Alessandro Scarfato, Anna Maria Cucolo, and Gaetano Guerra. "Ferroelectric co-crystalline polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 47 (2011): 19074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1jm13282b.

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Guerra, Gaetano, and Vittorio Petraccone. "Special Issue on Co-Crystalline and Nanoporous-Crystalline Polymers." Soft Materials 9, no. 2-3 (April 13, 2011): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1539445x.2011.552346.

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Kouchi, Akira, Masashi Tsuge, Tetsuya Hama, Hiromasa Niinomi, Naoki Nakatani, Takashi Shimonishi, Yasuhiro Oba, et al. "Formation of chiral CO polyhedral crystals on icy interstellar grains." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 1530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1173.

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ABSTRACT The crystallinity and morphology of solid carbon monoxide (CO) on icy interstellar grains were examined by observing the deposition, crystallization, and UV and electrons irradiation of solid CO using transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we found that solid CO deposited in molecular clouds was crystalline, and that even if amorphous CO was deposited, amorphous CO crystallized within 103 yr at 10 K. Conversely, crystalline CO was not amorphized by UV rays or electron beam at 10 K. These results indicated the occurrence of chiral crystalline CO instead of amorphous CO in space. Furthermore, the large surface diffusion coefficients of CO on eamorphous H2O and crystalline CO at 10 K facilitated the morphological equilibration of crystalline CO. Bad wetting of crystalline CO with amorphous H2O proved that the morphology of the ice grains was not spherical with an onion-like structure, as hitherto assumed, but rather it was a polyhedral crystalline CO attached to amorphous H2O. This has important implications for phenomena associated with the collision and subsequent sticking between ice grains, surface chemical reactions, non-thermal desorption of molecules and the origin of homochirality in interstellar biomolecules.
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Soulantica, K., F. Wetz, J. Maynadié, A. Falqui, R. P. Tan, T. Blon, B. Chaudret, and M. Respaud. "Magnetism of single-crystalline Co nanorods." Applied Physics Letters 95, no. 15 (October 12, 2009): 152504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3237157.

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Guo, Wei, Jiahao Yao, Eric A. Jagle, Pyuck-Pa Choi, and Dierk Raabe. "Co-deformation of crystalline-amorphous nanolaminates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615002603.

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Chung, S. R., K. W. Wang, and T. P. Perng. "Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Crystalline Co Powder." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 153, no. 6 (2006): A1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2189978.

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Albunia, Alexandra R., Paola Rizzo, Maria Coppola, Martina De Pascale, and Gaetano Guerra. "Azobenzene isomerization in polymer co-crystalline phases." Polymer 53, no. 13 (June 2012): 2727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.015.

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Colino, J. M., M. A. Arranz, M. García-Hernández, M. T. Cuberes, N. O. Nuñez, and J. L. Vicent. "Granular Co/Ag multilayers with crystalline coherence." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 310, no. 2 (March 2007): e772-e774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.835.

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Braga, Dario, Michele R. Chierotti, Nadia Garino, Roberto Gobetto, Fabrizia Grepioni, Marco Polito, and Alessandra Viale. "Cis−TransIsomerization in Crystalline [(η5-C5H5)Fe(μ-CO)(CO)]2." Organometallics 26, no. 9 (April 2007): 2266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om061103e.

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Wang, Xinchang, Chengchuan Wang, and Fanghong Sun. "Development and growth time optimization of boron-doped micro-crystalline, undoped micro-crystalline and undoped nano-crystalline composite diamond film." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 7 (August 29, 2016): 1244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416666902.

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Based on a well-designed growth procedure, a tri-material, namely, a three-layer boron-doped micro-crystalline, undoped micro-crystalline and undoped nano-crystalline composite diamond film, is deposited on the pretreated WC–6 wt% Co substrate, the basic characters of which are systematically studied and compared with some other commonly used diamond films. Besides, the growth times for three respective layers are accordingly determined. It is further clarified that the underlying boron-doped micro-crystalline diamond layer can well adhere to the WC–Co substrate due to either the reduction in the residual stress or the formation of B–Co compounds. There is no doubt that the surface undoped nano-crystalline diamond layer with relatively lower hardness and initial surface roughness is more convenient to be polished to the required surface roughness. Moreover, when the growth times for the middle undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer and the surface undoped nano-crystalline diamond layer are both appropriate, the undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer with extremely high diamond quality and hardness can effectively reinforce the surface hardness of the whole composite film. Based on the discussions on the influences of the growth times for the different layers on the performance of the composite diamond film, the growth times for the boron-doped micro-crystalline diamond, undoped micro-crystalline diamond and undoped nano-crystalline diamond layers are, respectively, determined as 4, 4 and 2 h. Under such conditions, the reinforcement effect of the middle layer on the surface hardness can be guaranteed, and the undoped nano-crystalline diamond grains have totally covered the undoped micro-crystalline diamond layer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Co-crystalline"

1

Fasano, Gianluca. "Polymorphism and co-crystalline phases of polymers." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/296.

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2010 - 2011
Crystalline phases are extremely relevant for properties and applications of many polymeric materials. In fact, their amount, structure and morphology constitute the main factors controlling physical properties of fibers, films and thermoplastics and can be also relevant for properties of rubbers and gels. It is also well known that processing and physical properties of polymer-based materials are strongly affected by the occurrence of polymorphism (i.e. the possibility for a given polymer to crystallize in different crystalline forms) and mesomorphism (i.e. the occurrence of “disordered” crystalline phases, characterized by a degree of structural organization that is intermediate between those identifying crystalline and amorphous phases). Different has been the destiny of polymeric co-crystalline forms, i.e. structures were a polymeric host and a low-molecular-mass guest are co-crystallized. Systems composed of solid polymers and of low molecular mass molecules find several practical applications, including advanced applications. In several cases, additives (often improperly referred as guest molecules) are simply dispersed at molecular level in polymeric amorphous phases, although frequently, to reduce their diffusivity, the active molecules are covalently attached to the polymer backbone, either by polymerization of suitable monomeric units or by grafting the active species onto preformed polymers. A more simple alternative method to reduce diffusivity of active molecules in solid polymers and to prevent their self-aggregation consists in the formation of co-crystals with suitable polymer hosts. Polymeric co-crystalline forms are quite common for several regular and stereoregular polymers, like e.g. isotactic and syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS), syndiotactic poly-p-methyl-styrene, syndiotactic poly-m-methyl-styrene, syndiotactic poly-p-chloro-styrene, syndiotactic poly-p-fluorostyrene, polyethyleneoxide, poly(muconic acid), polyoxacyclobutane, poly(vinylidene fluoride), syndiotactic polymethylmethacrylate. The removal of the low-molecular-mass guest molecules from co-crystals can generate nanoporous-crystalline phases. In this respect, it is worth noting that nanoporous crystalline structures can be achieved for a large variety of chemical compounds: inorganic (e.g., zeolites), metal-organic as well as organic. These materials, often referred as inorganic, metal-organic and organic “frameworks” are relevant for molecular storage, recognition and separation techniques. The removal of the low-molecular-mass guest molecules from polymer co-crystalline forms generates host chain rearrangements, generally leading to crystalline forms that, as usual for polymers, exhibit a density higher than that one of the corresponding amorphous phase. However, in few cases (to our knowledge, up to now only for s-PS), by using suitable guest removal conditions, nanoporous crystalline forms, exhibiting a density definitely lower than that of the corresponding amorphous phases are obtained. Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene isotactic (i-P4MP1) is a polymer characterized by a complex polymorphism and 4 different crystalline forms, some of which are obtainable only by crystallization with solvent, have been described in the literature. Monolithic and highly crystalline aerogels of isotactic poly(4-methyl-pentene-1) (i-P4MP1) have been prepared by sudden solvent extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide from thermoreversible gels. The cross-link junctions of i-P4MP1 gels, depending on the solvent, can be constituted by pure polymer crystalline phases (I or III or IV) or by polymer-solvent co-crystalline phases (for cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride gels). Gels with co-crystalline phases lead to aerogels exhibiting the denser crystalline form II while all the other considered gels lead to aerogels exhibiting the thermodynamically stable form I. The effect of solvent on the aerogels pore structure and morphology has been also investigated by scanning electron microscopy and N2 sorption measurements. In all cases the areogels present highly porous interconnected structures with macropores and a large heterogeneity of mesopore size but without micro-sized pores. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO) is a linear regular polymer, which as s-PS has the advantage to be a commercial thermoplastic polymer. PPO exhibits a high free volume or ultrapermeable amorphous phase and has been recognized as a membrane material with high permeation parameters. Although few papers have recognized that PPO crystalline phases can play a role in gas sorption and transport processes, no correlation between the amount or nature of the crystalline phase and guest sorption properties has been reported. This is mainly due to the scarce information available in the literature relative to the crystalline phases of PPO. Crystalline modifications, exhibiting largely different X-ray diffraction patterns, have been obtained for poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO), by gel desiccation procedures as well as by solvent-induced crystallization of amorphous films. The choice of the solvent allows controlling the nature of the crystalline phase. Both amorphous and semicrystalline samples of this commercial thermoplastic polymer exhibit a high uptake of large guest molecules (like, e.g., benzene or carbon tetrachloride), both from vapor phases and from diluted aqueous solutions. Surprisingly, the semicrystalline PPO samples present guest solubility much higher than fully amorphous PPO samples. These sorption experiments, as well as density measurements and classical BET experiments, clearly indicate that the obtained PPO crystalline phases are nanoporous. For these thermally stable PPO-based materials exhibiting nanoporous crystalline and amorphous phases, many applications are predictable. Finally, the preparation procedures and the thermal stability of the co-crystalline phase and FTIR and VCD analysis are presented. In particular co-crystalline phases with racemic and non-racemic guest molecules have been prepared and characterized. The experimental data indicates that the PPO/a-pinene co-crystalline form is chiral, i.e. the unit cell includes all right or left handed polymer helices and (1S-(–) or (1R)-(+) a-pinene guest molucules, respectively. [edited by author]
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Ianniello, Graziella. "Polymeric films with co-crystalline and nanoporous crystalline phases: orientations, chirality and possible applications in photonic crystals." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2015.

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2013 - 2014
Polymers can crystallize in different crystalline forms; polymorphism is the term to indicate this ability. It is known that processing and physical properties of polymer-based materials are strongly affected by the occurrence of ‘‘polymorphism’’ and ‘‘metamorphism’’ (i.e., the occurrence of ‘‘disordered’’ crystalline phases, characterized by a degree of structural organization that is intermediate between those identifying crystalline and amorphous phases). My PhD thesis is focused on the study and on the characterization of polymer films with co-crystalline and nanoporous crystalline phases. Many polymers are able to form co-crystals i.e. molecules of low molecular weight (guest) trapped in the crystalline polymer lattice (host). Over the past two decades it has been observed that some polymers, with co-crystalline phases, such as syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) after guest removal can form nanoporous crystalline phases, able to absorb suitable guest molecules also at low activity. During this work, I have studied the possible molecular orientations that may be induced by solvents during cocrystallization process in polymeric films, (chapter 2); the development of chiro optical response, after co-crystallization with temporary chiral guest (chapter 3) and the possibility to realize photonic crystals by using polymers able to form nanoporous crystalline forms (chapter 4). In detail, in chapter 1 the procedure to obtain disordered nanoporous crystalline phases in sPS films and their possible application is reported. This disordered nanoporous crystalline phase rapidly absorb low molecular mass molecules, also from very dilute aqueous solutions. It is known in literature that nanoporous δ form of sPS is also able to absorb ethylene2b and carbon dioxide 2c-d, that have negatively effects for vegetable. Active packaging by nanoporous-crystalline films, based on the removal of molecules generated by the vegetables being detrimental for their preservation 2e, could be complemented by the slow release of antimicrobial molecules, which could be included as guest of the film crystalline cavities. Therefore the preparation of s-PS co-crystalline films that include guests with antimicrobial activity, in particular the carvacrol guest has been studied and reported in chapter 1. The kinetics of release, in variable concentrations of carvacrol in films with different thickness, has been analyzed. It was observed that the location of antimicrobial molecules mainly in the crystalline phase assure a decrease of desorption diffusivity and hence a long-term antimicrobial release. In chapter 2, the study of the possible molecular orientations that can be developed in polymer films able to form cocrystalline phases, are reported. This phenomenon has been observed only for sPS films until now. In particular, in my thesis has been shown that also other polymers, such as poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and poly (L-lactide) (PLLA), able to form co-crystalline phases, can develop orientations during the co-crystallization process with solvents. These orientations can be useful to the structural studies on PPO and PLLA co-crystalline forms. We have also investigated on the shrinkage behaviour developed in syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) films after cocrystallization procedures leading to co-crystalline phases. High shrinkage values have been measured on sPS d cocrystalline phase showing a crystalline phase orientation. In order to minimize this effect, novel procedures have been developed. Another aspect of my work is focused on the study of chiro optical response of a racemic polymer crystallized with a temporary chiral guest, as reported in chapter 3. In particular, I evaluated the degree of circular polarization of different thickness sPS films, and of the achiral guests, such as azulene and 4-nitroaniline, included in the polymer crystalline phase after guest exchange procedure. These studies have been useful to investigate on the nature of this phenomenon. Finally, in chapter 4, a method to realize a photonic crystal (PhC) with polymeric materials is reported. A PhC is an object composed by two or more materials with different refractive index and an alternated periodicity. The main advantage to use polymers rather than inorganic materials is the ease and the speed to obtain thin films by spin coating and the low cost of materials. In order to realize a photonic crystal, by using thin layers of PPO presenting nanoporous crystalline phase, it has been necessary to characterize amorphous as well as crystalline phases for this purpose. Techniques such as IRRAS and ellipsometry have been used (as reported in section 4.3 of chapter 4). [edited by Author]
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Zhou, Bo. "Synthesis and characterization of crystalline assembly of poly Nisopropylacry-lamide)-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4671/.

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In this study, crystalline poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AAc) nanoparticle network in organic solvents was obtained by self assembling precursor particles in acetone/epichlorohydrin mixture at room temperature followed by inter-sphere crosslinking at ~98 °C. The crystals thus formed can endure solvent exchanges or large distortions under a temporary compressing force with the reoccurrence of crystalline structures. In acetone, the crystals were stable, independent of temperature, while in water crystals could change their colors upon heating or changing pH values. By passing a focused white light beam through the crystals, different colors were displayed at different observation angles, indicating typical Bragg diffraction. Shear moduli of the gel nanoparticle crystals were measured in the linear stress-yield ranges for the same gel crystals in both acetone and water. Syntheses of particles of different sizes and the relationship between particle size and the color of the gel nanoparticle networks at a constant solid content were also presented. Temperature- and pH- sensitive crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc hydrogel was prepared using osmosis crosslinking method. Not only the typical Bragg diffraction phenomenon was observed for the hydrogel but also apparent temperature- and pH- sensitive properties were performed. The phase behavior of PNIPAm nanoparticles dispersed in water was also investigated using a thermodynamic perturbation theory combined with lightscattering and spectrometer measurements. It was shown how the volume transition of PNIPAM particles affected the interaction potential and determined a novel phase diagram that had not been observed in conventional colloids. Because both particle size and attractive potential depended on temperature, PNIPAM aqueous dispersion exhibited phase transitions at a fixed particle number density by either increasing or decreasing temperature. The phase transition of PNIPAm-co-AAc colloids was also studied. The results from the comparison between pure PNIPAm and charged PNIPAm colloids showed that the introducing of carboxyl (-COOH) group not only contributed to the synthesis of three-dimensional nanoparticle network but also effectively increased the crystallization temperature and concentration range. The phase transitions at both low and high temperatures were observed from the turbidity change by using UV-Vis spectrometer. Centrifugal vibration method was used to make crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc dispersion at high concentration (8%). The turbidity test proved the formation of iridescent pattern.
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Wehner, Arno. "Growth and characterization of thin Al2O3 and Ga2O3 films on single-crystalline Ni, Co, and CoGa substrates." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971538360.

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Maulny, Aurélia. "Preparation and applications in confectionery of co-crystalline sugar products and a novel hydrated form of sucrose." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8067.

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The formation of the solid crystalline phase of sugars plays an important role in many food products. The conventional crystallisation of sucrose gives solid, dense cubic crystals that have a limited surface area. On the other hand, co-crystallisation of sucrose is a process where a second ingredient is added to a supersaturated sucrose solution before crystallisation. The crystals obtained reveal a sponge-like appearance with considerable void space and interstices with the additive ingredient located in these interstices. The crystalline sugar products are said to be dry, granular, free-flowing and readily dispersible in water. It was shown that the co-crystallisation process improves the properties of a product such as its solubility, wettability and emulsification. Even though a number of patents have been reported on the subject, little research works have been published. In particular, little information was available on the thermal properties of the materials formed and the crystalline characteristics of the agglomerate matrix. In a preliminary work, the co-crystallisation of sucrose with honey was investigated. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray analyses showed that neither glucose nor fructose crystallised during the process. Nevertheless, glucose crystallised in the monohydrate form upon storage when a granulated honey was used. In addition, different types of glucose were co-crystallised with sucrose in the proportions glucose-sucrose 10/90, 15/85 and 20/80. The DSC analysis showed varying crystallisation behaviour depending on the type of glucose used. The co-crystallisation of glucose with sucrose was extended to the proportions 85/15, 90/10 and 95/5. The process was adapted to glucose as main ingredient. During the characterisation of the co-crystalline materials by DSC, an extra peak around 150°C was observed that could not be assigned to the second ingredient added or to a new crystalline phase formed by the constituents of the materials. The study of different sources of sucrose showed different behaviours by DSC analysis concerning this first melting peak. It was found that the purest sugar in terms of mineral salt content gave the highest intensity for this peak at 150°C. Further work under specific conditions of temperature and relative humidity permitted to isolate this phase believed to be due to a hydrated form of sucrose. Finally, the process of co-crystallisation of glucose with sucrose was scaled up to 5kg. The DSC traces showed that the ingredient present in minority did not crystallise during the process and remained in the amorphous form even after several months of storage. The materials thus prepared were used in confectionery applications. A co-crystalline material containing 10% of glucose was tested in chocolate but proved to thicken it up. This result was believed to be due to the porosity of the co-crystalline product. As a consequence, its potential for fat retention was studied. The co-crystalline material was found to reduce the migration of hazelnut oil in a dark chocolate coating. Furthermore, pressed sweets were prepared with co-crystalline materials containing 10 and 90% of glucose respectively. They showed good tabletting properties even without the use of binding agent. The tablets prepared had a crushing strength similar to superior to those prepared with a granulated powder. They also showed good flavour retention.
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Hamm, Marc. "Dynamic mean field simulations of liquid crystalline and amorphous (co)polymers : building a model for polymer joining." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619528.

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Berner, Tim, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Electrical conductivity relaxation experiments on single crystalline cobalt silicate Co 2 SiO 4 by using impedance spectroscopy." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186788.

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Berner, Tim, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Electrical conductivity relaxation experiments on single crystalline cobalt silicate Co 2 SiO 4 by using impedance spectroscopy." Diffusion fundamentals 12 (2010) 45, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13885.

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Nanna, Saverio <1985&gt. "Optimization of molecular and crystalline forms of drugs, agrochemicals, pesticides in relation to activity, bioavailability, patentability and to the fabrication of polymorphs, solvates, co-crystals with green chemistry methods." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7050/1/Nanna_Saverio_Tesi.pdf.

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This doctorate was funded by the Regione Emilia Romagna, within a Spinner PhD project coordinated by the University of Parma, and involving the universities of Bologna, Ferrara and Modena. The aim of the project was: - Production of polymorphs, solvates, hydrates and co-crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and agrochemicals with green chemistry methods; - Optimization of molecular and crystalline forms of APIs and pesticides in relation to activity, bioavailability and patentability. In the last decades, a growing interest in the solid-state properties of drugs in addition to their solution chemistry has blossomed. The achievement of the desired and/or the more stable polymorph during the production process can be a challenge for the industry. The study of crystalline forms could be a valuable step to produce new polymorphs and/or co-crystals with better physical-chemical properties such as solubility, permeability, thermal stability, habit, bulk density, compressibility, friability, hygroscopicity and dissolution rate in order to have potential industrial applications. Selected APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) were studied and their relationship between crystal structure and properties investigated, both in the solid state and in solution. Polymorph screening and synthesis of solvates and molecular/ionic co-crystals were performed according to green chemistry principles. Part of this project was developed in collaboration with chemical/pharmaceutical companies such as BASF (Germany) and UCB (Belgium). We focused on on the optimization of conditions and parameters of crystallization processes (additives, concentration, temperature), and on the synthesis and characterization of ionic co-crystals. Moreover, during a four-months research period in the laboratories of Professor Nair Rodriguez-Hormedo (University of Michigan), the stability in aqueous solution at the equilibrium of ionic co-crystals (ICCs) of the API piracetam was investigated, to understand the relationship between their solid-state and solution properties, in view of future design of new crystalline drugs with predefined solid and solution properties.
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Nanna, Saverio <1985&gt. "Optimization of molecular and crystalline forms of drugs, agrochemicals, pesticides in relation to activity, bioavailability, patentability and to the fabrication of polymorphs, solvates, co-crystals with green chemistry methods." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7050/.

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This doctorate was funded by the Regione Emilia Romagna, within a Spinner PhD project coordinated by the University of Parma, and involving the universities of Bologna, Ferrara and Modena. The aim of the project was: - Production of polymorphs, solvates, hydrates and co-crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and agrochemicals with green chemistry methods; - Optimization of molecular and crystalline forms of APIs and pesticides in relation to activity, bioavailability and patentability. In the last decades, a growing interest in the solid-state properties of drugs in addition to their solution chemistry has blossomed. The achievement of the desired and/or the more stable polymorph during the production process can be a challenge for the industry. The study of crystalline forms could be a valuable step to produce new polymorphs and/or co-crystals with better physical-chemical properties such as solubility, permeability, thermal stability, habit, bulk density, compressibility, friability, hygroscopicity and dissolution rate in order to have potential industrial applications. Selected APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) were studied and their relationship between crystal structure and properties investigated, both in the solid state and in solution. Polymorph screening and synthesis of solvates and molecular/ionic co-crystals were performed according to green chemistry principles. Part of this project was developed in collaboration with chemical/pharmaceutical companies such as BASF (Germany) and UCB (Belgium). We focused on on the optimization of conditions and parameters of crystallization processes (additives, concentration, temperature), and on the synthesis and characterization of ionic co-crystals. Moreover, during a four-months research period in the laboratories of Professor Nair Rodriguez-Hormedo (University of Michigan), the stability in aqueous solution at the equilibrium of ionic co-crystals (ICCs) of the API piracetam was investigated, to understand the relationship between their solid-state and solution properties, in view of future design of new crystalline drugs with predefined solid and solution properties.
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Books on the topic "Co-crystalline"

1

Lian, Ke. Characterization of amorphous and crystalline Ni-Co alloys as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution in alkaline media. 1994.

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Cao, Gang, and Lance DeLong. Physics of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602025.001.0001.

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Prior to 2010, most research on the physics and chemistry of transition metal oxides was dominated by compounds of the 3d-transition elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. These materials exhibited novel, important phenomena that include giant magnetoresistance in manganites, as well as high-temperature superconductivity in doped La2CuO4 and related cuprates. The discovery in 1994 of an exotic superconducting state in Sr2RuO4 shifted some interest toward ruthenates. Moreover, the realization in 2008 that a novel variant of the classic Mott metal-insulator transition was at play in Sr2IrO4 provided the impetus for a burgeoning group of studies of the influence of strong spin-orbit interactions in “heavy” (4d- and 5d-) transition-element oxides. This book reviews recent experimental and theoretical evidence that the physical and structural properties of 4d- and 5d-oxides are decisively influenced by strong spin-orbit interactions that compete or collaborate with comparable Coulomb, magnetic exchange, and crystalline electric field interactions. The combined effect leads to unusual ground states and magnetic frustration that are unique to this class of materials. Novel couplings between the orbital/lattice and spin degrees of freedom, which lead to unusual types of magnetic order and other exotic phenomena, challenge current theoretical models. Of particular interest are recent investigations of iridates and ruthenates focusing on strong spin-orbit interactions that couple the lattice and spin degrees of freedom.
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Kedlaya, Kiran S., Debargha Banerjee, Ehud de Shalit, and Chitrabhanu Chaudhuri. Perfectoid Spaces. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2022.

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Perfectoid Spaces: Lectures from the 2017 Arizona Winter School. American Mathematical Society, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Co-crystalline"

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Kawabe, M., I. Yamaoka, and M. Kimura. "Structures and Thermal Properties of Liquid-Crystalline Poly(ester-co-carbonate)." In ACS Symposium Series, 115–28. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0435.ch009.

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Sun, Shih Jye, Shin Pon Ju, Yu Chieh Lo, and Jenn Sen Lin. "Investigation on the Crystalline Process of Co-Cu Nanoparticle during the Annealing." In Solid State Phenomena, 163–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.163.

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Filonov, M. R., O. A. Abdul-Fattakh, M. G. Taranov, and S. V. Ivanov. "Density of Fe-B- and Co-B-Based Alloys in Liquid, Amorphous and Crystalline States." In Materials Development and Processing - Bulk Amorphous Materials, Undercooling and Powder Metallurgy, 195–200. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607277.ch32.

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Germain, Aurèle, Marta Corno, and Piero Ugliengo. "Computing Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules by Semiempirical Quantum Methods: Comparison Between DFT and GFN2 on Crystalline Ice." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 632–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86976-2_43.

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AbstractInterstellar Grains (IGs) spread in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) host a multitude of chemical reactions that could lead to the production of interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs), relevant in the context of prebiotic chemistry. These IGs are composed of a silicate-based core covered by several layers of amorphous water ice, known as a grain mantle. Molecules from the ISM gas-phase can be adsorbed at the grain surfaces, diffuse and react to give iCOMs and ultimately desorbed back to the gas phase. Thus, the study of the Binding Energy (BE) of these molecules at the water ice grain surface is important to understand the molecular composition of the ISM and its evolution in time. In this paper, we propose to use a recently developed semiempirical quantum approach, named GFN-xTB, and more precisely the GFN2 method, to compute the BE of several molecular species at the crystalline water ice slab model. This method is very cheap in term of computing power and time and was already showed in a previous work to be very accurate with small water clusters. To support our proposition, we decided to use, as a benchmark, the recent work published by some of us in which a crystalline model of proton-ordered water ice (P-ice) was adopted to predict the BEs of 21 molecules relevant in the ISM. The relatively good results obtained confirm GFN2 as the method of choice to model adsorption processes occurring at the icy grains in the ISM. The only notable exception was for the CO molecule, in which both structure and BE are badly predicted by GFN2, a real pity due to the relevance of CO in astrochemistry.
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Di, Yun Ping, Wen Li Zhang, Li Hua Xu, Chang An Wang, and Ren Bin Shi. "Photo-Catalytic Activity of Fe3+/Sn4+ Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nano-Crystalline Thin Films for Methyl Orange Degradation." In Key Engineering Materials, 1956–59. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1956.

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Hsieh, H. H., W. Kai, C. Y. Lin, and Tsung Shune Chin. "Oxidation Behavior of the Y56Al24Co20 Bulk Amorphous Alloy Containing Crystalline Composites at 325-450°C." In THERMEC 2006, 2117–22. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.2117.

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KULIK, T., H. MATYJA, and B. LISOWSKI. "Magnetization of Amorphous and Crystalline Co–Si–B Alloys." In Rapidly Quenched Metals 6, 77–80. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85166-973-8.50023-9.

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Kouchi, Akira, Takashi Shimonishi, Tomoya Yamazaki, Masashi Tsuge, Naoki Nakatani, Kenji Furuya, Hiromasa Niinomi, et al. "Chiral Ice Crystals in Space." In Chirality - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106708.

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We observed the formation of CO, CH3OH, and H2O ices using a cryogenic transmission electron microscope, to determine if chiral ice crystals could form under the conditions of interstellar molecular clouds and young stellar objects (protoplanetary disks) and to clarify the crystalline structure of these ices. Our results suggest that the following ice crystals are chiral: crystalline CO (α-CO) formed on amorphous H2O (a-H2O) grains in a 10-K molecular cloud, crystalline CH3OH formed by the heating of amorphous CH3OH on a-H2O grains at 40–60 K in young stellar objects, and several polymorphs of hydrogen-ordered cubic ice crystals formed by the heating of a-H2O at 80–100 K and direct condensation at 120–140 K in protoplanetary disks. We also investigated candidates for other chiral ices using published data. We found that NH3 I and NH3·H2O I are chiral at low temperature and pressure conditions. If one-handed circularly polarized light is irradiated during the nucleation of these chiral ice crystals, homochiral crystals can be formed. These results have important implications for the origin of interstellar organic molecule homochirality.
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Bongioanni, Agustina, Maria Soledad Bueno, Belén Alejandra Mezzano, Marcela Raquel Longhi, and Claudia Garnero. "Pharmaceutical Crystals: Development, Optimization, Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Aspects." In Crystal Growth - Technologies and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105386.

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In the solid state, the active pharmaceutical ingredients tend to exhibit crystalline order. In this regard, the interest in the crystalline solid state has expanded to include single-component compounds as well as multicomponent systems such as salts, hydrates, solvates, and co-crystals. The study of crystalline behavior is recognized as an essential component of preformulation research in pharmaceutical sciences and industries. The crystalline form can impact the drug properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, stability, hygroscopicity, and toxicity profile. Therefore, each solid form must be appropriately identified and characterized because it will affect the drug formulation, including the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety properties of the formulation. In this context, this chapter will cover topics such as synthesis approaches (including nucleation and crystallization procedures), crystal polymorphism, solid state characterization techniques and the impact of crystals on physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties.
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Gajbhiye, Asmita, Debashree Das, and Shailendra Patil. "Co-Crystallization Techniques for Improving Nutraceutical Absorption and Bioavailability." In Drugs Modification via Co-crystallization [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109340.

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Nutraceuticals is an umbrella term for therapeutic leads derived from plants, animals and/or microbial species. Being synthesized in nature’s own laboratory a nutraceuticals have structural and functional features for interacting with an array of physiological targets. However, because of this very structural complexity and diversified nature, nutraceuticals often suffer from diminished gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and limited systemic bioavailability. Thus, in-spite of having an obvious edge over synthetic molecules, pharmaceutical applicability of nutraceuticals play second fiddle in the present pharmaceutical prospective. In this regard, co-crystallization of nutraceuticals have evolved as an attractive prospect. Co-crystallization causes stoichiometric non-covalent binding between nutraceutical API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) and a pharmaceutically acceptable co-former creating a single-phase crystalline material. Nutraceutical co-crystals thus created possess excellent absorption and bioavailability attributes. The principal aim of the current chapter is to highlight co-crystallization as the means of nutraceutical ascendancy over toxic synthetic drugs currently dominating the pharmaceutical market. In the current chapter the authors provide a detail exposition on the methods and application of co-crystallization in context of nutraceutical absorption and bioavailability. Herein, we discuss in detail about the constituents, characteristics, mechanism of action and protocol for preparation of nutraceutical co-crystals with relevant references from current and past studies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Co-crystalline"

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Timofeeva, Tatiana V., Vladimir N. Nesterov, Zeng Wang, Ronald D. Clark, and Mikhail Y. Antipin. "Crystalline polymorphs and co-crystals for nonlinear optics." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Ravindra B. Lal, Donald O. Frazier, and Narayanan Ramachandran. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452406.

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Sheng, Xingzhi, Fengmei M. Liu, Xiaoyong Zhao, Jingshan Zhao, and Zuguang Ma. "Xe+2Cl- formed in HCl+Xe-doped crystalline CO." In Photonics China '96, edited by Manfred Eich, Bruce H. T. Chai, and Minhua Jiang. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.252950.

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Panda, Gaurab, Haozhi Dong, Virginia M. Ayres, and M. Sakhawat Hussain. "Quantitative Investigation of New Templateless Growth Method for Highly Crystalline Ni, Co and Ni-Co Nanowires." In 2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano51122.2021.9514356.

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Cheng, Jinrong, Jianguo Chen, Dengren Jin, Shengwen Yu, and Zhongyan Meng. "Multiferroic Properties of La, Ba Co-Modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Crystalline Solutions." In 2007 Sixteenth IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isaf.2007.4393274.

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Zhang, J., T. Shen, and G. Li. "Synthesis and magnetic properties of phase controlled Co single-crystalline nanowires." In INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2006.375871.

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Davydenko, A., A. Kozlov, M. Stebliy, A. Ognev, and L. Chebotkevich. "Strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in symmetric crystalline [Co/Pd(111)]n superlattices." In 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2018.8508421.

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Jones, G. A., S. F. H. Parker, J. G. Booth, and D. Simkin. "Domain structure of the single crystalline hexagonal ferrite Co/sub 2/X." In International Conference on Magnetics. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1990.734939.

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Sobolev, V. V., J. M. Guilemany, and J. A. Calero. "Formation of Structure of HVOF Sprayed WC-Co Coating on a Copper Substrate." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0943.

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Abstract Mathematical modelling of the formation of the WC-Co coating structure and adhesion on copper substrate during high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying is provided. Smooth (polished) and rough (grit blasted) substrates are considered. Variations of solidification time, solidification velocity, thermal gradient, and cooling velocity in the coating and substrate interfacial region are studied. Formation of the amorphous and crystalline structures in the coating and of the crystalline structure in the substrate interfacial region is investigated. Behaviour of the crystal size and intercrystalline distance with respect to the thermal spray parameters and morphology of the substrate surface is analysed. Optimal conditions for the development of fine and dense crystalline structure are determined. Mechanical and thermal mechanisms of development of the substrate-coating adhesion are discussed. Results obtained agree well with experimental data.
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Sebastian Pascual, Paula, Alexander Bagger, Jan Rossmeisl, and Maria Escudero-Escribano. "Surface Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects on Cu Single-crystalline Electrodes for CO Electroreduction." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.024.

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Sebastian Pascual, Paula, Alexander Bagger, Jan Rossmeisl, and Maria Escudero-Escribano. "Surface Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects on Cu Single-crystalline Electrodes for CO Electroreduction." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2019.024.

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Reports on the topic "Co-crystalline"

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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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