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Journal articles on the topic "Co 191 1974"
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Petrenko, A. A. "The Role of International Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development in the Formation of Principles of International Environmental Law." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.67.
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This article studies the significance and role of the regulatory activity of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in the formation of the principles of such a comparatively new field of international law as international environmental law. It is shown that although at the time of its creation in 1960, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development was in no way an international organization of environmental character, but since the early 1970s, environmental issues have become an important area of international legal cooperation under the auspices of this organization. In 1971, an Environmental Protection Committee was formed within the OECD, now called the Environmental Policy Committee. During the 1970s, under the auspices of the OECD, the Recommendations on Guiding Principles concerning International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies of 1972 and the Recommendation on the Implementation of the Polluter-Pays Principle of 1974 were adopted, enshrining the polluter-pays principle, which imposes on the polluter the costs of implementing pollution prevention and control measures to ensure that the environment is in good condition. The provisions of the OECD Recommendation on the Implementation of the Polluter-Pays Principle of 1974 were quickly implemented in the law of the European Communities and today the Lisbon version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union contains it in paragraph 2 of Article 191, together with such principles of the European Union's environmental policy as the precautionary principle, the principles that preventive action should be taken, that environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source. The «polluter pays» principle is normatively enshrined only in The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development of 1992, The Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents of 1992, etc. Regulatory activity under the auspices of the OECD were also essential for the establishment and formation of such principles of international environmental law as the principle of preliminary environmental impact assessment, the principle of undiminished environmental protection of other states and areas beyond national jurisdiction, etc.
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BROWN, SAMUEL D. J. "A revision of the New Zealand weevil genus Irenimus Pascoe, 1876 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)." Zootaxa 4263, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4263.1.1.
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The taxonomy of the New Zealand weevil genus Irenimus Pascoe, 1876 is revised, resulting in a narrower concept of the genus than has been considered in recent decades. In total, the genus now contains only seven species. In addition to the type species, I. parilis Pascoe, 1876, the genus contains I. duplex (Broun, 1904) and five newly described species: I. aniptus new species (type locality, Oamaru, DN), I. crinitus new species (type locality, Hakataramea Valley, SC), I. minimus new species (type locality, Alexandra, CO), I. stichus new species (type locality, Tekapo, MK) and I. thoracicus new species (type locality, Oamaru, DN). The genus Chalepistes new genus is established to contain the majority of species previously described in the genus Catoptes Schönherr, 1842, but also including species described in Brachyolus White, 1846; Irenimus Pascoe, 1876; Inophloeus Pascoe, 1875; and Nicaeana Pascoe, 1877. A total of 27 valid described species are new combinations with Chalepistes: C. aequalis (Broun, 1895) (from Irenimus), C. albosparsus (Broun, 1917) (from Irenimus), C. apicalis (Broun, 1923) (from Catoptes), C. asperatus (Broun, 1914) (from Brachyolus), C. compressus (Broun, 1880) (from Irenimus), C. costifer (Broun, 1886) (from Inophloeus), C. curvus (Barratt & Kuschel, 1996) (from Irenimus), C. dehiscens (Broun, 1917) (from Catoptes), C. dugdalei (Barratt & Kuschel, 1996) (from Irenimus), C. egens (Broun, 1904) (from Irenimus), C. inaequalis (Sharp, 1886) (from Brachyolus), C. instabilis (Marshall, 1931) (from Catoptes), C. latipennis (Broun, 1893) (from Catoptes), C. limbatus (Broun, 1909) (from Catoptes), C. lobatus (Broun, 1921) (from Catoptes), C. patricki (Barratt & Kuschel, 1996) (from Irenimus), C. pensus (Broun, 1914) (from Inophloeus), C. placidus (Broun, 1914) (from Nicaeana), C. posticalis (Broun, 1893) (from Irenimus), C. rhesus (Pascoe, 1875) (from Inophloeus), C. rubidus (Broun, 1881) (from Inophloeus), C. similis (Barratt & Kuschel, 1996) (from Irenimus), C. spectabilis (Broun, 1914) (from Catoptes), C. spermophilus (Broun, 1895), revised status (from Irenimus), C. stolidus (Broun, 1886) (from Irenimus), C. tenebricus (Broun, 1893) (from Catoptes), C. vastator (Broun, 1893) (from Irenimus). Numerous new synonyms with species of Chalepistes are also proposed: Brachyolus fuscipictus Broun, 1914 and Brachyolus terricola Broun, 1917 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes asperatus (Broun); Brachyolus cervalis Broun, 1903 and Brachyolus sylvaticus Broun, 1910 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes costifer (Broun); Inophloeus tricostatus Broun, 1915 is a junior subjective synonym of Chalepistes pensus (Broun); Catoptes pallidipes Broun, 1917, Catoptes flaviventris Broun, 1917 and Catoptes nigricans Broun, 1917 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes placidus (Broun); Inophloeus longicornis Broun, 1904, Inophloeus medius Broun, 1893, Inophloeus sulcicollis Broun, 1914 and Inophloeus suturalis Broun, 1893 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes rhesus (Pascoe); Inophloeus albonotata Broun, 1893, Catoptes asperellus Broun, 1893, Irenimus bicostatus Broun, 1886, Catoptes caliginosus Broun, 1893, Catoptes chalmeri Broun, 1893, Catoptes decorus Broun, 1893, Inophloeus discrepans Broun, 1904, Catoptes fumosus Broun, 1914, Catoptes furvus Broun, 1893, Catoptes humeralis Broun, 1893, Catoptes longulus Sharp, 1886, Inophloeus nigellus Broun, 1881, Irenimus pilosellus Broun, 1886 and Catoptes scutellaris Sharp, 1886 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes rubidus (Broun); Catoptes subnitidus Broun, 1914 and Catoptes curvatus Broun, 1914 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes spermophilus (Broun); Catoptes brevicornis Sharp, 1886 and Catoptes vexator Broun, 1904 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes stolidus (Broun); and Catoptes aemulator Broun, 1893 and Catoptes argentalis Broun, 1914 are junior subjective synonyms of Chalepistes tenebricus (Broun). Additional new combinations include Inophloeus robustus (Broun, 1917) (from Catoptes) and Nicaeana fraudator (Marshall, 1931) (from Catoptes), while Catoptes postrectus Marshall, 1931 is a new synonym of Protolobus obscurus Sharp, 1886.
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Szmidt, Stanisław. "Salezjanie polscy na misjach w Chinach i na Filipinach. Prehistoria." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 13 (June 30, 1997): 301–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.1997.23.
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Artykuł ten, zatytułowany ^ „Działalność misyjna polskich salezjanów w Chinach w Filipinę”, w pierwszej części przywołuje prehistorię (sny Dùn-Bosco z Azji) i historię Misje salezjańskie w Chinach i na Filipinach. Dlaczego akurat te dwa kraje? Dlaczego salezjanie są wydaleni z dala od Chin przez komunistów w 1950 r. kontynuowali dzieło salezjańskie na Filipinach. Tam druga część przypomina polskich salezjanów, którzy pracowali w tych dwóch krajach, wyrażając swoją opinię małe biografie: sac. Teodor Wieczorek (1888-1957; w Chinach 1921-1957), rozdz. Franciszek Pyka (1891-1930; w Chinach 1924-1927), ks. Dr Jan Siara (1887-1937; w Chinach 1925-1932), co. styczeń Urban (1891-1953; w Chinach 1P26-1931), ks. Jan Buchta (1906-1972; w Chinach 1929-1954, a następnie po filipińsku), sac. Wiktor Spinek (1900-1978; w Chinach 1929-1932), sac. Władysława Wieczorka (1903-1942; w Chinach 1929-1932), co. Antoni Wróbel (*1908; w Chinach 1934-1938), ks Marian Mielczarek (1907-1951; w Chinach 1936-1951), o. Tomasz Szeliga (*1915; w Chinach 1936-1972), współ. Paweł Prokopowicz (1910-1983; w Chinach 1937-1957, na Filipinach 1957-1972), sac. Feliksa Głowicki (*1931; w Chinach 1957, a następnie na Filipinach), rozdz. Arkadiusz Mikucki (*1970, w filipiński 1993-1994). W trzeciej części przyjrzymy się zasługom polskich misjonarzy w Chiny i Filipiny: ks. Wieczorek przez 23 lata jako ekonom prowincji chińskiej, przez 3 lata dyrektor szkoły św. Ludwika i proboszcz parafii św. Antoniego w Hong przez 17 lat, budowniczy m.in seminarium, kościoła św. Antoniego w Hongkongu i innych domów salezjańskich. Don Siara był za Przez 3 lata był wikariuszem biskupa Makau w dystrykcie Heung Shan, następnie pierwszym dyrektorem seminarium W Hong Kongu. Don Buchta był pierwszym dyrektorem Yuet Wah w Makau, a następnie dyrektorem różnych Salezjanin pracuje na Filipinach, radny prowincjalny. Don Mielczarek, inteligentny prefekt w Makau a następnie w Hongkongu (w czasie wojny) był dyrektorem Instytutu św. Józefa w Szanghaju. Don Szeliga w czasie wojny pracował niestrudzenie i nieustraszenie w wikariacie Shiu Chow, gdzie pozostał do 1953 r. Następnie był administratorem w różnych domach salezjańskich w Hongkongu. .Teraz działa w Kanada. Co. Prokopowicz pracował w Chinach, a następnie na Filipinach w administracji i jako szef różnych robotników. Uczył Fingiese, znał hiszpański, chiński, telugu, rosyjski, włoski. A inteligentna i nieoceniona pomoc dyrektorów i prefektów dzieł salezjańskich. Don Głowicki pracował przez pewien czas w Chinach, a po święceniach kapłańskich na Filipinach jako dyrektor a następnie administrator w różnych domach salezjańskich Dzieło salezjańskie kwitnie na Filipinach. kielich misyjnej krwi i potu (marzenie Ks. Bosko) w Chinach nie jest jeszcze wypełnione wyd chińscy salezjanie z nadzieją czekają na dzień, w którym ponownie wkroczą do Chin kontynentalny.
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Nedeljkovic, Sasa. "Serbian societies in Dubrovnik at the beginning of the 20th century." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 122 (2007): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0722165n.
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In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Dubrovnik was the center of the coastline Serbs, both Catholic and Orthodox. National activities of the Serbs developed through cultural and economic societies. The educational-economic society Srpska Zora (Serbian Dawn) was founded in 1901 in Knin. It encouraged the establishment of agricultural co-operatives in villages and savings banks in towns. After the initiative of Srpska Zora, The Alliance of Serbian Economic Co-operatives at the coast was founded in 1905. The main activity of Srpska Zora was to strengthen the Serbian intelligentsia by helping the poor pupils. It helped financially the work of Serbian singing societies at the coast. Matica Srpska in Dubrovnik was founded in 1909 as an endowment of the merchant Konstantin Vuckovic. The first gymnastics (chivalrous) societies at the coast were founded in 1907, Dusan Silni (Dusan the Great) in Dubrovnik and Srpski Soko (Serbian Falcon) in Risan. The chivalrous education was at the same time physical, moral and national. The Srpski Soko center at the coast was founded in 1911 in Herceg Novi. The center was a part of the Association of the Serbian Soko Movement in Belgrade. It held a spots rally in Dubrovnik in 1913 and in Knin in 1914. After Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia in 1914 all Serbian societies were banned. The coastal Serbs tried to defect and to join the army of the Serbian states as volunteers. The Serbian army entered Dubrovnik on November 13, 1918. On the Unification Day, December 1, 1924, the monument to the King Peter I was unveiled. In 1925, Dubrovnik was visited by the King Aleksandar and Queen Maria. With very modest resources and with devoted work, the national entrepreneurs managed to gather, inspire and lead to coastal Serbs to the fight for liberation and unification.
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Petelczyc, Krzysztof. "Mieczysław Wolfke - a pioneer of holography." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i4.1107.
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Receiving the Nobel Prize in 1971 for the invention and development of the holographic method, Dennis Gabor mentioned Mieczysław Wolfke as the person who proposed this method as early as 1920 (which he did not know, independently making the same discovery). This article describes the history of Wolfke's pioneering work and tries to recreate the thought process that led to it - starting with the task of supplementing and verifying the diffraction grating theory proposed by Ernst Abbe, which he carried out as part of his doctorate at the University of Wrocław and habilitation at the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Łaniecki, Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 21, 545-553 (1976). DirectLink W. Keesom, "Solidification of Helium", Nature 118, 81 (1926). CrossRef W. Keesom, M. Wolfke, "Two liquid states of helium", Konink. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Proc, 31(190b), 90-94 (1928).W. Keesom, Helium (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1942).E. Abbe, Die Lehre von der Bildentstehung im Mikroskop (F. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1910). CrossRef R. Torge, Postępy Fizyki, 53, 201-210 (2002). CrossRef A.Kiejna, Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 48, 7 (2003). DirectLink M. Wolfke, "Über die Abbildung eines Gitters bei künstlicher Begrenzung", Ann Phys. 339, 277 (1911). CrossRef M. Wolfke, Prace matematyczno-fizyczne, 22, 135 (1911). DirectLink M. Wolfke, "Über die Abbildung eines Gitters bei asymmetrischer Abblendung", Ann Phys. 342, 96 (1912). CrossRef M. Wolfke, "Über die Abbildung eines durchlässigen Gitters", Ann Phys. 342, 797 (1912). CrossRef M. Wolfke, "Zur Abbildung eines durchlässigen Gitters", Ann Phys. 343, 385 (1912). CrossRef K. Petelczyc, E. Kędzierska, Mieczysław Wolfke. Gdyby mi dali choć pół miliona… (OWPW, Warszawa 2018). DirectLink L.A. Aslanov, G.V. Fetisov, J.A.K. Howard, "Crystallographic Instrumentation", Oxford (1998). CrossRef M. Wolfke, Wiadomości matematyczne 17, 1 (1913). DirectLink M. Wolfke, "Allgemeine Abbildungstheorie selbstleuchtender und nicht selbstleuchtender Objekte", Ann Phys. 344, 569 (1912). CrossRef M. Wolfke, "Über die Abbildung eines Gitters außerhalb der Einstellebene", Ann Phys. 345, 194 (1913). CrossRef M. Wolfke, Verhandlungen der DPG, 15, 1123 (1913).M. Wolfke, Verhandlungen der DPG, 15, 1215 (1913).M. Wolfke, Verhandlungen der DPG, 16, 4 (1914).M. Wolfke, "Fragen zur Pathologie des menschlichen Oedems", Physikalische Zeitschrift, 22, 375 (1921). CrossRef Akta osobowe - Wolfke Mieczysław, Archiwum Akt Nowych sygn. 2/14/0/6/6638, WarszawaM. Wolfke, Physikalische Zeitschrift, 21, 495 (1920). DirectLink S. Lundqvist, Nobel Lectures, Physics 1971-1980 (World Scientific Publishing Co. Singapore 1992) CrossRef
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Michalska-Bracha, Lidia. "Środowisko intelektualne Towarzystwa Miłośników Przeszłości Lwowa (1906-1939)." Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 13 (December 13, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.13.2021.13.09.
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THE INTELLECTUAL MILIEU CHARACTERISING THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE PAST OF LVIV (1906-1939)
The paper is an attempt to characterise the Society of Friends of the Past of Lviv in the years 1906-1939 (with a 1914-1926 break); the community of Lviv historians, journalists, museologists, and archivists around this Society, and various forms and manifestations of their activity. The Society contributed to the development of research in the field of regional history, and studies on the history of Lviv, its culture and monuments. Among the co-founders of the Society were famous Lviv historians, including Aleksander Czołowski (1865-1944), Ludwik Kubala (1838-1918), Józef Białynia-Chołodecki (1852-1934), and the vice-mayor of the city of Lviv, Tadeusz Rutowski (1852-1918).
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Nazari, Vazrick, Sergio Montagud Alario, Loukia Spilani, Vlad Dincă, Alireza Naderi, Wolfgang ten Hagen, and Roger Vila. "Co-Evolution of Iolana Blues with Their Host Plants and the Higher Phylogeny of Subtribe Scolitantidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)." Diversity 16, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16020089.
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We investigated the evolutionary relationships between the taxa in the butterfly genus Iolana Bethune-Baker, 1914 and others in the subtribe Scolitantidina using information from nine DNA markers (COI-COII, ND1, ITS2, 28S, CAD, EF-1α, wg, and H3). We show that the genus Iolana originated about 10 mya in Central Asia and gradually expanded to the west to reach Europe about 5 mya. We then compared our inferred phylogeny with that of the Iolana larval host plants in the genus Colutea, reconstructed using three DNA markers (ITS, matK, and rpl32). Although the host plant phylogeny was weakly resolved, the close spatiotemporal correlation between Iolana butterflies and their larval hosts suggests that they may have co-evolved. Based on the molecular results and the morphology of male and female genitalia, we confirm nine species in the genus Iolana, which are distributed in allopatry from Europe and North Africa to Central Asia. We synonymize I. andreasi andreasi Sheljuzhko, 1919 (=I. andreasi khayyami Bernardi, 1964 syn. nov.) and I. iolas wullschlegeli Oberthür, 1914 (=I. iolas protogenes Fruhstorfer, 1917 syn. nov.).
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Hughes, T. J., R. H. Buchanan, K. A. Mawhinney, J. P. Haughton, F. W. Boal, Robert D. Osborne, Anngret Simms, et al. "Reviews of Books and Maps." Irish Geography 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1977.861.
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REVIEWS OF BOOKSIRELAND IN PREHISTORY, by Michael Herity and George Eogan. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977. 302 pp. £8.95. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesTHE LIVING LANDSCAPE: KILGALLIGAN, ERRIS, CO. MAYO, by S. Ó Catháin and Patrick O'Flanagan. Dublin: Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann, 1975. 312 pp. Reviewed by: R. H. BuchananTHE IRISH TOWN: AN APPROACH TO SURVIVAL, by Patrick Shaffrey. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1975. 192 pp. £5.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyLOST DEMESNES: IRISH LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1660–1845, by Edward Malins and the Knight of Glin. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1976. 208 pp. ,£15.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyNORTH BULL ISLAND, DUBLIN BAY — A MODERN COASTAL NATURAL HISTORY, edited by D. W. Jeffrey and others. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1977. 158 pp. Hardback .£6.50, paperback £3.60. Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonCONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POLARISED COMMUNITY, by John Darby. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976. 268 pp. £7.95. Reviewed by: F. W. BoalBELFAST: AREAS OF SPECIAL SOCIAL NEED. REPORT BY PROJECT TEAM. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 85 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Robert D. OsborncDUBLIN: A CITY IN CRISIS, edited by P. M. Delany. Dublin: Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, 1975. 108 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsIRELAND'S VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, by Kevin Danaher. Cork: Mercier Press for the Cultural Relations Committee of Ireland, 1975. 82 pp., 68 plates. £1.50. Reviewed by: F. H. A. Aalen18TH CENTURY ULSTER EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimiles 121–140. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1972. £0.45.; PLANTATIONS IN ULSTER, c. 1600–41, by R. J. Hunter. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimilies 161–180. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1975. £1.00.; RURAL HOUSING IN ULSTER IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, prepared by Alan Gailey, Victor Kelly and James Paul with an introduction by E. Estyn Evans, for the Teachers' Centre of the Queen's University, Belfast in association with the Ulster Folk Museum and the Public Record Office Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. £0.70.; LETTERS OF A GREAT IRISH LANDLORD: A SELECTION FROM THE ESTATE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE THIRD MARQUESS OF DOWNSHIRE, 1809–45, edited with an introduction by W. A. Maguire, for the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. 189 pp. £1–65.; ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF DONEGORE, Belfast: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, Queen's University, and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1974. v + 64 pp. 1 map and 31 plates. £0.75. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerTHE LANDED GENTRY. Facsimile documents with commentaries. Dublin: The National Library of Ireland, 1977. 20 sheets and introduction. £1.00. Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameSANITATION, CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICES IN IRELAND, by Michael Flannery. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1976. 178 pp. £5.75. Reviewed by: Michael J. BannonGEOGRAPHY, CULTURE AND HABITAT, SELECTED ESSAYS (1925–1975) OF E. G. BOWEN, selected and introduced by Harold Carter and Wayne K. D. Davies. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1976. 275 pp. £6. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsDICTIONARY OF LAND SURVEYORS AND LOCAL CARTOGRAPHERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 1550–1850 edited by Peter Eden. Folkestone: William Dawson & Sons. Part I, 1975; Parts II and III, 1976. 377 pp. £6.00 per part. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerFIELDS, FARMS AND SETTLEMENT IN EUROPE, edited by R. H. Buchanan, R. A. Butlin and D. McCourt. Belfast: Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, 1976. 161 pp. £5. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsREVIEWS OF MAPSNORTHERN IRELAND — A MAP FOR TOURISTS. 1:250,000(1970); CASTLEWELLAN FOREST PARK. 1:10,000(1975); ADMINISTRATIVE MAPS; MAP CATALOGUE (1975 edition). 26 pp. Reviewed by: J. A. K. Grahame
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Socha, Izabella. "Bezpieczeństwo imprez sportowych na przykładzie Igrzysk Olimpijskich Tokio 2020." Zeszyty Naukowe Pro Publico Bono 1, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5506.
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W 1896 r. w Atenach po raz pierwszy zostały zorganizowane nowożytne igrzyska olimpijskie, których propagatorem był baron Pierre’a de Coubertin. W utworze Oda do sportu pisze on o kulcie pokoju i przyjaźni między ludźmi różnych narodów. W 1914 r. wybucha I wojna światowa i, w przeciwieństwie do starożytnych igrzysk, już w 1916 r. nie zostają zorganizowane kolejne igrzyska. Z analogiczną sytuacją mamy do czynienia podwójnie w trakcie II wojny światowej, tj. w 1940 r. i w 1944 r. Wydarzenia, jakie miały miejsce podczas igrzysk w Monachium w 1972 r., na zawsze zmieniają świat igrzysk olimpijskich. Lista zagrożeń dla kolejnych igrzysk organizowanych u progu XX i na początku XX w. systematycznie rośnie, co wymaga większych nakładów finansowych na ich organizację oraz sięganie po nowe rozwiązania. Igrzyska Olimpijskie Tokio 2020 to bez wątpienia jedna z największych dotychczasowych imprez sportowych na świecie. Pojawiają się zatem obawy o prawidłowy przebieg tego wydarzenia. Największym wyzwaniem dla organizatorów staje się choroba zakaźna ludzi COVID-19.
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Matczuk, Alicja. "Franciszek Gawełek i Uniwersytet Lubelski – przerwana kariera." Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne 113 (June 30, 2020): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/abmk.10007.
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Franciszek Gawełek (1884-1919) był na przełomie XIX/XX wieku jednym z wiodących etnografów polskich. Trwale zapisał się także w dziejach bibliografii polskiej jako autor Bibliografii ludoznawstwa polskiego (Kraków 1914) i Bibliografii ludoznawstwa litewskiego (Wilno 1914). W 1918 roku podjął zabiegi o zatrudnienie na nowo utworzonym Uniwersytecie Poznańskim, które jednak zakończyły się niepowodzeniem. W następnym roku przystąpił do konkursu na stanowisko profesora na Uniwersytecie Lubelskim, którego władze postanowiły w roku akademickim 1919/1920 rozszerzyć swoją ofertę dydaktyczną o wykłady z zakresu etnografii i antropologii. Opinie o kandydacie przedstawione przez profesorów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego i Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego były pozytywne, co sprawiło, że w połowie sierpnia 1919 roku F. Gawełek otrzymał od rektora ks. Idziego Radziszewskiego list z informacją o przyjęciu do pracy na Uniwersytecie Lubelskim na stanowisko kierownika Katedry Etnografii. Niestety katedry nie zdążył objąć, gdyż we wrześniu tego samego roku uległ śmiertelnemu wypadkowi.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Co 191 1974"
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Jordan, David John. "Army co-operation missions of the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force 1914 - 1918." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487881.
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Narain, Namrata. "Co-option and control : the role of the colonial army in India, 1918-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272251.
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Madarasz, Jeannette Zsusza. "Ordinary socialism? : communication, comprimise, and co-existence in the GDR : a case study of four social groups, 1971-1989." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246877.
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Schwidder, Lutz J. [Verfasser]. "Das Hamburger Kolonialhandelshaus Wm. O'Swald & Co. und die Einführung von "Techniken" in die Kolonien 1890 - 1914 / Lutz J. Schwidder." Hamburg : Diplom.de, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1187956732/34.
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Pierre, Joële. "La construction pompidolienne de l'Europe face au défi de la problématique allemande (1969-1974)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL109.
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Si la France n’est plus qu’une puissance moyenne en déclin relatif, la RFA est dans une phase de take off économique et amorce un rayonnement international. Dès son investiture, Brandt lance l’émancipation de l’Allemagne. L’Ostpolitik pourrait-elle avoir la priorité pour le gouvernement fédéral sur la politique communautaire ? La menace soviétique sur l’Allemagne est à prendre très au sérieux pour Pompidou. Réunification ; Neutralisation. Face à cette situation pluriellement très préoccupante, Pompidou a besoin de l’Europe ; mais en 1969, la construction européenne est dans l’impasse. 1971, Pompidou lance son modèle de construction de l’Union Européenne : le ‘gaullisme européen’. Son atout, Edward Heath, un ‘Européen sincère’. « On œuvre en commun, même avec l’Allemagne », affirme le Président. Le traité de l’Elysée : essentialité majeure dans l’apprentissage de l’autre ; embrayage du moteur franco-allemand ; banalisation des relations franco-allemandes. Ses enjeux : Pôle monétaire européen ; Coopération politique extérieure commune (Moyen-Orient) ; Programme ambitieux de la Conférence de Paris ; Identité Européenne ; Politique extérieure commune franco-allemande face à Moscou. Mais une politique autonome européenne pouvait-elle exister pour Washington ? Nixon et Kissinger manœuvrent pour imposer le partnership atlantique aux Européens. Crises du dollar (1971, 1973) ; Condominium américano-soviétique ; Conférence sur l’énergie. Bonn s’évertue en vain à œuvrer comme médiatrice entre Paris et WashingtonWhile France is only a middle power in relative decline, the FRG is in a phase of economic take off and begins an international influence. Upon his nomination, Brandt launches the emancipation of Germany. Could Ostpolitik have priority for the federal government over European Community policy? The Soviet threat to Germany is to be taken very seriously for Pompidou. Reunification; Neutralization. Faced with this plurially worrying situation, Pompidou needs Europe; but in 1969, the construction of Europe is deadlocked. 1971, Pompidou launches its construction model of the European Union: 'European Gaullism'. His asset, Edward Heath, a 'sincere European'. "We work jointly, even with Germany," says the President. The Elysée Treaty: major essentiality in the learning of the other; clutch of the Franco-German engine; normalization of Franco-German relations. Its challenges: European Monetary Pole; Common foreign policy cooperation (Middle East); Ambitious program of the Paris Conference; European identity ; Franco-German Common Foreign Policy against Moscow. But could an autonomous European policy exist for Washington? Nixon and Kissinger maneuvered to impose Atlantic partnership on Europeans. Dollar crises (1971, 1973); US-Soviet Condominium; Conference on Energy. Bonn strives in vain to work as a mediator between Paris and Washington
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Pierre, Joële. "La construction pompidolienne de l'Europe face au défi de la problématique allemande (1969-1974)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL109.
Full textAbstract:
Si la France n’est plus qu’une puissance moyenne en déclin relatif, la RFA est dans une phase de take off économique et amorce un rayonnement international. Dès son investiture, Brandt lance l’émancipation de l’Allemagne. L’Ostpolitik pourrait-elle avoir la priorité pour le gouvernement fédéral sur la politique communautaire ? La menace soviétique sur l’Allemagne est à prendre très au sérieux pour Pompidou. Réunification ; Neutralisation. Face à cette situation pluriellement très préoccupante, Pompidou a besoin de l’Europe ; mais en 1969, la construction européenne est dans l’impasse. 1971, Pompidou lance son modèle de construction de l’Union Européenne : le ‘gaullisme européen’. Son atout, Edward Heath, un ‘Européen sincère’. « On œuvre en commun, même avec l’Allemagne », affirme le Président. Le traité de l’Elysée : essentialité majeure dans l’apprentissage de l’autre ; embrayage du moteur franco-allemand ; banalisation des relations franco-allemandes. Ses enjeux : Pôle monétaire européen ; Coopération politique extérieure commune (Moyen-Orient) ; Programme ambitieux de la Conférence de Paris ; Identité Européenne ; Politique extérieure commune franco-allemande face à Moscou. Mais une politique autonome européenne pouvait-elle exister pour Washington ? Nixon et Kissinger manœuvrent pour imposer le partnership atlantique aux Européens. Crises du dollar (1971, 1973) ; Condominium américano-soviétique ; Conférence sur l’énergie. Bonn s’évertue en vain à œuvrer comme médiatrice entre Paris et WashingtonWhile France is only a middle power in relative decline, the FRG is in a phase of economic take off and begins an international influence. Upon his nomination, Brandt launches the emancipation of Germany. Could Ostpolitik have priority for the federal government over European Community policy? The Soviet threat to Germany is to be taken very seriously for Pompidou. Reunification; Neutralization. Faced with this plurially worrying situation, Pompidou needs Europe; but in 1969, the construction of Europe is deadlocked. 1971, Pompidou launches its construction model of the European Union: 'European Gaullism'. His asset, Edward Heath, a 'sincere European'. "We work jointly, even with Germany," says the President. The Elysée Treaty: major essentiality in the learning of the other; clutch of the Franco-German engine; normalization of Franco-German relations. Its challenges: European Monetary Pole; Common foreign policy cooperation (Middle East); Ambitious program of the Paris Conference; European identity ; Franco-German Common Foreign Policy against Moscow. But could an autonomous European policy exist for Washington? Nixon and Kissinger maneuvered to impose Atlantic partnership on Europeans. Dollar crises (1971, 1973); US-Soviet Condominium; Conference on Energy. Bonn strives in vain to work as a mediator between Paris and Washington
7
Shi, Xiaoxuan. "L’industrie lyonnaise de la soie et la Chine : réalités et limites de l’expansion commerciale des soyeux lyonnais (milieu du XIXe siècle à 1914)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL045.
Full textAbstract:
L'industrie de la soie a joué un rôle central dans les échanges commerciaux mondiaux au XIXe siècle. Lyon, capitale historique pour l’industrie de la soie en Europe, constituait aussi l’un des centres commerciaux les plus importants du continent, déjà à l’époque romaine, puis, à nouveau, à partir du XVIe siècle. Au XIXe siècle, Lyon était l'un des centres les plus importants de la soie au monde, en grande partie grâce à ses liens étroits avec la Chine, laquelle était le plus grand fournisseur de matières premières pour la soierie lyonnaise. En même temps, la Chine, où la technique de la fabrication de soie a été découverte sous la dynastie des Shang , est une destination indispensable pour les soyeux lyonnais. En effet, l'ouverture de la Chine au commerce étranger, après la Seconde Guerre de l'Opium, permit aux soyeux lyonnais de s'implanter et de réaliser des opérations de commerce de la soie en Chine. Depuis le XIXe siècle, ces commerces s’intensifient en profitant de l’établissement de concessions françaises en Chine et de la mise en place de la route maritime entre Marseille et Shanghai. Les soyeux lyonnais réussirent à conquérir le marché chinois et ils développaient une stratégie de partenariat avec les négociants locaux pour acquérir des soies grèges directement en Chine et les envoyaient à Lyon sans passer par Londres afin de concurrencer les Britanniques. Puis ce réseau lyonnais travailla avec le plus puissant acteur britannique, qui avait installé des filatures et des ateliers de tissage sur place. Cette stratégie leur permit de devenir des acteurs majeurs du commerce de la soie en Chine et de renforcer leur position sur le marché mondialSilk industry played a central role in global commercial exchanges during the 19th century. Lyon, the historical capital of European silk industry, constitutes also one of the most important commercial centers of the continent, as early as in the roman period, again from the 16th century. In the 19th century, Lyon was renowned as one of the most important global silk business centers, mostly due to its close link to China, which was the biggest silk exporting country for the silk industry of Lyon. China, where the silk manufacturing techniques were invented during the Shang Dynasty, was an indispensable destination for silk manufacturers of Lyon. In fact, the opening of China to foreign trade, especially after the Second Opium War, which permits these silk manufacturers to establish and operate in the silk trade in China. To the mid-19th century, those silk trades were stepping up, with the establishment of the French concession in Shanghai as well as the opening of the direct maritime route between Marseille and Shanghai, Lyon’s silk entrepreneurs attempted, some of them by direct competition, others opting to work in partnership with well-established British trade houses in China, first to short-circuit the British monopoly and then to secure the silk supply by themselves. The efforts made by the silk entrepreneurs of Lyon made them predominant players in the global silk trad and contributed to the silk trade development between China and Europe during the 19th Century
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Genisel, Mustafa Fatih. "Synthesis Of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn Sulfides By Solid-gas Reactions, Investigation Of Structural And Conducting Properties." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606746/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study some of the first row transition metal oxides were transformed to metal sulfides by new solid gas reaction system.
Transition metal sulfides have wide application area in industry and technology. Several techniques are known for the production of metal sulfides. Such as reactions between metal or metal oxide with H2S, precipitation in several liquid medium, reaction between metal and sulfur in closed vessel, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. These techniques will have some disadvantagesfor example, reactants are rarely available or expensive materials, their production systems are complicated and hard to set up these systems, products contain oxygen or hydrogen or corresponding metal sulfate as impurities. In our new sulfidizing system the reactants are metal oxides, carbon and SO2. These materials can be found easily. Especially, SO2 usage in this system is a big advantage of giving possibility of usage the hazardous waste product of SO2 in industry. The sulfidizing gas mixture was obtained by passing SO2 over activated carbon at 750 OC in a vertical tubular furnace. The obtained gas contains, mainly, CS2, CO and COS. The sulfidizing reactions took place in the horizontal tubular furnace at 450OC-1250 OC. The duration of the reaction, (three hours), and flow rate (60ml/min) of the SO2 gas were kept constant. The products were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy. All examined metal oxides were transformed to metal sulfides by sulfidizing gas mixture successfully. Ti3S5 was obtained from TiO2. Cr2S3 was obtained from Cr2O3. MnS (Alabandite) was obtained from MnO2. FeS and Fe1-xS (Pyrrhotite) were obtained from Fe2O3. Co9S8 (Cobaltpentlandite) and CoS (Jaipurite) were obtained from Co3O4. NiS was obtained from NiO. Cu7.2S, Cu1.6S (Calcocite-Q), Cu1.81S, Cu7S4 (Anilite) Cu9S5 (Digenite), Cu8S5 (Geerite) were obtained from CuO, ZnS was obtained from ZnO. The electrical conductivity character of each product obtained by sulfidizing reaction was analyzed in the temperature range of 77 K-300 K. Titanium sulfide, cobalt sulfide and nickel sulfide showed metallic conductivity, cupper sulfide and iron sulfide showed semiconductor behavior in this temperature range.
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Funke, Michael. "Regulating a Controversy : Inside Stakeholder Strategies and Regime Transition in the Self-Regulation of Swedish Advertising 1950–1971." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260201.
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This thesis concerns the development of the self-regulation of advertising in Sweden from 1950 until 1971. Self-regulation was initiated in the 1930s due to a business desire to regulate fair competition in marketing, and while it initially was a minor operation, the 1950s and 1960s were characterized by extensive development. When self-regulation was overtaken by state policies in 1971, it included several interlocking systems, of which parts survived the introduction of the state regime. The thesis’ aim has been to analyze how the rapid regime transitions in the self-regulation regime can be understood. The existing literature identifies four major transitions that occurred during the studied time period. To understand them, the thesis has studied the policy processes leading up to these transitions. Focus has been on the business interest organizations that controlled the regime and their regulatory strategies. Theoretically, the analysis has departed from the hypothesis that tensions between these organizations, due to their members’ different market interests and varying levels of exposure to regulation and public badwill, to a significant degree informed their strategic choices as well as policy outcomes. The results show that the policy processes preceding the regime transitions were characterized by internal tensions, whereby organizations representing advertisers, and to a lesser degree media carriers, due to their members’ higher level of exposure to regulation and public badwill, successfully supported stronger market policing, while ad agencies, being less exposed, as well as a peak industry organization for the proliferation of marketing largely opposed such measures, preferring a more lenient regulation. However, due to increased exposure to regulation and bad will, the ad agencies finally abandoned their opposition and took the lead in regulatory innovation through the introduction of an extensive clearance program that survived the launch of the state regime, becoming a key component in the co-regulatory structure that followed.
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Metin, Onder. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Water Soluble Polymer Stabilized Transition Metal(0) Nanoclusters As Catalyst In Hydrogen Generation From The Hydrolysis Of Sodium Borohydride And Ammonia Borane." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612717/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Metal nanoclusters exhibit unique properties which differ from their bulk
materials, owing to the quantum size effects. For example, the catalytic activity of
transition metal nanoclusters generally increases with decreasing particle size.
However, nanoclusters tend to be fairly unstable with respect to the agglomerate into
bulk metal in solution and thus special precautions have to be taken to avoid their
aggregation or precipitation during the preparation of such nanoclusters in solution.
In order to obtain stable nanoclusters dispersed in solution, a stabilizing agent is
usually added into the reaction system. The stabilization of metal nanoclusters in
solution can be achieved either by electrostatically by using charged ions such as
acetate ion or sterically by long chain molecules such as polymers. Polymers are one
of the most widely used steric stabilizers for the preparation of stable metal
nanoclusters in solution. The use of polymers as stabilizer for the synthesis of
transition metal nanoclusters provides advantegous regarding solubility,
conductivity, thermal stability and reusability. The metal nanoclusters stabilized by
polymers generally show higher catalytic activity, stability and optical properties. In
this dissertation we report the preparation and characterization of water soluble
polymer stabilized transition metal(0) (metal= Ni, Co and Ru) nanoclusters and their
v
catalysis in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride
(NaBH4) and ammonia borane (AB) which are the best candidates as chemical
hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications. The water soluble polymer
stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters were prepared by using
two different facile methods(i) the reduction of metal precursors by sodium borohydride in the presence poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in methanol solution after 1h reflux, (ii) the in situ generation during the hydrolysis of ammonia borane in the presence of poly(4-styrene sulfonicacid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-co-MA). The characterization of both type of polymer stabilized transition metal(0) nanoclusters were done by using UV-Visible electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR techniques. The catalytic activity of PVP stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters was tested in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 and AB. The catalytic acitivity of PSSA-co-MA stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters was tested only in the hydrolysis of AB in which they were in situ generated. The kinetics of hydrogen generation from both hydrolysis reactions in the presence PVP or PSSA-co-MA stabilized nickel(0), cobalt(0) and ruthenium(0) nanoclusters were studied depending on the polymer to metal ratio, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration and temperature as well as the activation parameters (Arrhenius activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (
Books on the topic "Co 191 1974"
1
Peter, Ransom, ed. Sunbeam: The Sunbeam 12-16 h.p. : 1910-1914. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Landmark Pub. Ltd., 2008.
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Liberty design, 1874-1914. London: Pyramid, 1989.
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Morris, Barbara. Liberty design, 1874-1914. Secaucus: Chartwell Books, 1989.
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Company, Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator. By-laws, revised November 11, 1914. [Saskatchewan?: s.n., 1995.
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Suzanne, Ferguson, ed. Jarrell, Bishop, Lowell, & Co.: Middle-generation poets in context. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2003.
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Company, Massey-Harris. Massey-Harris: Circa 1914 catalog. Almonte, Ont: Algrove Pub., 2004.
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Castle, Amelia B. Index 1914 Cass County Michigan land owners. Dowagiac, Mich: A.B. Castle, 1994.
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Hough, John. Ireland's co-operative heartland: Ardagh C.D.S.- a history 1891-1974. [Limerick, Ireland]: JMHR and Associates, 1997.
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Drukkerij en Uitgeversbedrijf Lecturis (Eindhoven), ed. Grafisch geluk: Steendrukkerij de Jong & Co (1911-1994) vrijplaats voor ontwerpers. [Eindhoven]: Lecturis Publishing, 2011.
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10
The advisor (Da Co-Van). New York: Vantage Press, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Co 191 1974"
1
Patmore, Greg, Nikola Balnave, and Olivera Marjanovic. "Wars and Depression 1914–1945." In A History of Australian Co-operatives 1827-2023, 123–45. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312482-7.
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Patmore, Greg, Nikola Balnave, and Olivera Marjanovic. "The 1890s Depression and Its Aftermath 1890–1914." In A History of Australian Co-operatives 1827-2023, 101–22. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312482-6.
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Patmore, Greg, and Nikola Balnave. "The challenges of war, depression, and totalitarianism, 1914–1945." In A Global History of Co-operative Business, 114–54. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315638164-5.
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von Storch, Hans. "Klaus Hasselmann—His Scientific Footprints and Achievements." In From Decoding Turbulence to Unveiling the Fingerprint of Climate Change, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91716-6_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractKlaus Hasselmann was born in Hamburg in 1931. His family fled to England in 1934 because of the Nazis, so he grew up in an English-speaking environment, and returned to Hamburg after the war, where he studied physics, started a family, and became an innovative researcher. Later, he spent several years in the United States of America, but always returned to Hamburg, where he became the founding director of the Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie in 1975. His Institute soon became one of the world’s leading research facilities in the field of climate science. He retired in 2000, but continued his work in climate science as a “grey eminence” in the background, whilst his heart and mind turned to particle physics. He recently turned 90, and we—a group of former co-workers, scientific friends and colleagues—decided that we had to tell the story of this remarkable man.
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Patmore, Greg, and Nikola Balnave. "Diversification, internationalization, and the formation of the International Co-operative Alliance, 1864–1914." In A Global History of Co-operative Business, 70–113. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315638164-4.
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Barton, Susan. "[Ward, Lock & Co.], a Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to Cromer, ... [1908]." In Travel and Tourism in Britain, 1700–1914, 177–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003112976-21.
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Mallinson, Jonathan. "2. 1901–04: The End of the Beginning." In William Moorcroft, Potter, 31–50. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0349.02.
Full textAbstract:
Moorcroft is seen to be moving in a quite different direction from chemist potters such as Elton, Howson Taylor, Noke (at Doulton) or Burton (at Pilkington), who experimented with largely unornamented glaze effects. As well as developing new colours, he was exploring the design potential of different decorative motifs, not least trees and toadstools; diary entries suggest an increasingly close collaboration with Liberty’s, who actively promoted his most innovative work. Articles in The Studio and the Art Journal increased his reputation in the UK, and in the US he was the subject of an important article in Keramic Studio. He was attracting attention not just as a chemist potter, but as a designer, and as an individual, his work increasingly referred to by his name, not that of Macintyre’s. This artistic creativity was complemented by extensive marketing and continued commercial success. His diaries record frequent sales trips, and growing US interest from stores such as Spaulding & Co (Chicago), Marshall Field & Co. (Chicago), Wanamaker’s (New York). The culmination of this collaboration was Macintyre’s participation at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exhibition in St Louis, where Moorcroft won a Gold Medal, the highest award for an individual exhibitor.
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Lowes Dickinson, A. "A. Lowes Dickinson, Accounting Practice and Procedure (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1914), pp 65–67." In Clean Surplus, 8–9. New York: Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315050638-4.
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Bartyzel, Jacek. "Wolności konkretne i wolność chrześcijańska w hiszpańskiej myśli tradycjonalistycznej (karlistowskiej)." In Wolność człowieka i jej granice. Antologia pojęcia w doktrynach polityczno-prawnych. Od Nietzschego do współczesności, Tom 3. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8142-188-1.04.
Full textAbstract:
Rozważania karlistów o wolności nie stanowią nigdy – jak w wielu innych doktrynach politycznych, na czele z liberalizmem – tematu prymarnego i oderwanego od innych aspektów społecznej egzystencji człowieka, lecz umieszczone są w polu semantycznym tradycjonalistycznego „tetralematu” DIOS – PATRIA – FUEROS – REY, co (jak nietrudno zauważyć) sytuuje zasadniczo ich desygnat w trzecim z obiektów tej afirmacji. Autorami, do których odwołano się w artykule, są myśliciele, którzy w sposób najbardziej kompletny dokonali współcześnie1 teoretyzacji karlizmu, tj. Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola (1917–1978), Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004), Álvaro d’Ors y Pérez-Peix (1915–2004) oraz Miguel Ayuso Torres (ur. 1961).
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Wake, Jehanne. "Reversal and Recovery." In Kleinwort Benson, 211–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198282990.003.0007.
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Abstract Peace brought perils as grave as any in wartime for such City firms as Kleinwort, Sons & Co. At the end of the war in 1918 their acceptances were down to a mere £5m. from the 1913 high of £14.2m. Due to increased trading in the Americas, however, the partners’ capital had grown slightly to £4.6m., which was £263,000 more than in 1913. Lloyd George’s triumphant return from the Versailles peace treaty conference fed the optimistic mood of the country, a mood that was nurtured by the ‘restocking’ trade boom of1919 / 20. At Kleinworts profits had remained undistributed throughout the war but in 1919 the partners shared £300,000 [£6.Sm.)—after transferring nearly £257,000 to a contingency account to provide for moratorium interest paid to the Bank of England and retaining£29,ooo undistributed—and£n4,ooo [£2.2m.] in 1920. When acceptances leapt to £15.5m. in 1920, and capital rose to over £5.2m. [£101.4m.], it seemed as if they had quickly re-established their pre-war business and their position as the leading accepting house in a country that would continue to dominate the finance of world trade as it had done prior to 1914.
Conference papers on the topic "Co 191 1974"
1
Carey, Catherine, and Juliet Dick. "1914 Co-production of university webinar for young people with chronic conditions." In Abstracts from the RCPCH and YPHSIG Adolescent Health conference: Re-coming of age. Re-calibrating and moving forward the global health agenda for young people. 9–10 November 2022, Birmingham. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-rcpch.47.
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Uchida, Kazuo, Akinori Koga, Kiyomi Teshima, and Masashi Arai. "Applications of Ceramic Coating on the Turbine Blades of the AGTJ-100B." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-190.
Full textAbstract:
In 1978, the Japanese government started a national project for energy conservation called the Moonlight Project. The Engineering Research Association for Advanced Gas Turbines was selected to research and develop an advanced gas turbine for this project. The development stages were planned as follows: First, the development of a reheat gas turbine for a pilot plant (AGTJ-100A), and second, a prototype plant (AGTJ-100B). The AGTJ-100A has been undergoing performance tests since 1984 at the Sodegaura Power Station of the Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (TEPCO). The inlet gas temperature of the high pressure turbine (HPT) of the AGTJ-100A is 1573K, while that of the AGTJ-100B is 100K higher. Therefore, various advanced technologies have to be applied to the AGTJ-100B HPT. Ceramic coating on the HPT blades is the most desirable of these technologies. In this paper, the present situation of development, as well as future R & D plans for ceramic coating will be described.
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Szudarek, Agnieszka. "Kwestia kobieca, transnarodowość i social network. Międzynarodowe zjazdy działaczek organizacji kobiecych do 1914 roku." In Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa pt. „Ruchy kobiece na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX w. Stan badań i perspektywy (na tle porównawczym)”. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rknzp.2020.22.
Full textAbstract:
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie międzynarodowych kongresów działaczek organizacji kobiecych jako narzędzi w komunikacji międzynarodowej, a także jako wydarzeń kluczowych dla poszerzania transnarodowej sieci kontaktów między aktywistkami i budowania kanałów transferu treści programowych ruchu kobiecego do narodowych przestrzeni dyskursu na temat kwestii kobiecej. Kongresy były wyrazem dojrzałości środowiska aktywistek. Nadanie im charakteru międzynarodowego w 1878 r. miało służyć ukazaniu kwestii kobiecej jako istotnego problemu wymagającego rozwiązania. Początkowo taki charakter miały tylko z nazwy. Dopiero te, które współorganizowała założona w 1888 r. Międzynarodowa Rada Kobiet w rzeczywistości zbierały działaczki z szeregu państw należących co zachodnioeuropejskiego kręgu cywilizacyjnego. Sprzyjała temu nie tylko organizacja Rady oparta na kryterium narodowym (państwowym), ale także jej umiarkowany program. Transferowany poprzez prasę, osobiste kontakty, publikacje, korespondencję czy wykłady uczestniczek zjazdów mobilizował lokalne działaczki, wskazywał kierunki i formy aktywności.
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Large, A. C., D. C. Hanna, D. P. Shepherd, A. C. Tropper, T. J. Warburton, C. Borrel, B. Ferrand, et al. "Low threshold 1.64 μm operation of a Yb,Er:YAG waveguide laser." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cmf4.
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Er3+-doped Y3A15012 (YAG) is an interesting system with several useful laser transitions. Laser operation has previously been demonstrated on the 1.6 μm, 2.94 μm, and 561 nm shown in the level diagram of Fig. 1.1–3 Co-doping with Yb3+ allows these transitions to be pumped on the strong, diode compatible absorptions at 940 and 970 nm. Low-loss YAG waveguides grown by liquid-phase epitaxy have operated as low threshold lasers in Nd3+4 and Yb3+-doped systems. In the present work we have investigated the laser performance at 1.6 μm of Yb,Er codoped YAG epilayers grown on an undoped YAG substrate.
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Yodh, A. G., J. P. Culver, M. Li, L. G. Jahn, and R. M. Hochstrasser. "Adsorbate Infrared Spectral Response Following Femtosecond Metal Substrate Heating." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.tuc.2.
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Ultrafast laser heating pulses create unique environments for surface chemistry on metal surfaces. Recent femtosecond experiments have shown, for example, that nonequilibrium substrate conditions can play a central role in laser induced desorption[1]. In these experiments extremely high electronic temperatures (4000 °K) are produced which modify adsorbates in a manner which is impossible to achieve via a conventional thermal process. Here we report the results of probing the internal vibrations of CO adsorbate molecules as a function of time following the impulsive excitation of electrons in the underlying Cu(111) substrate by 300 fs visible light pulses[2]. We find that a low frequency CO mode couples to substrate electrons and phonons, and that the representative coupling rates can be separately determined[2,3]. Importantly, with increased excitation of the substrate, our measurements provide indication of stronger, temperature dependent couplings between the adsorbate vibrations and the substrate reservoirs[4].
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Clemens, B. M., J. A. Bain, B. M. Lairson, B. J. Daniels, A. P. Payne, N. M. Rensing, and S. Brennan. "In-Situ Structural Characterization of Ultra-Thin Epitaxial Metal Films and Multilayers Observed with Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering." In Physics of X-Ray Multilayer Structures. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pxrayms.1994.wc.1.
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The flexibility of physical vapor deposition allows fabrication of near ideal structures which can be used to investigate fundamental aspects of the mechanics of materials. One important phenomena which can be addressed is the deformation which occurs during relaxation of epitaxial strains. We have developed a unique sputter deposition system capable of performing in-situ structural characterization using grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS). This gives us the ability to accurately measure lattice parameters of films in the monolayer thickness regime. Using this capability, we have investigated epitaxial orientation relations and coherency stress relaxation in several epitaxial film systems, including Cu on Fe (001), and Co on Pt (111).
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Hara, Y., T. Tsuchiya, F. Maeda, I. Tsuji, and K. Wada. "Development of Ceramic Components for a Power Generating Gas Turbine." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-319.
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Since 1984, TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) has been conducting a cooperative research program to apply ceramics to power generating gas turbines with three Japanese gas turbine manufacturers (Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., and Hitachi, Ltd.). The goal of the program is development of a 20MW class gas turbine with turbine inlet temperature of 1,300C (1,573K) to improve the efficiency of coal gasification combined cycle power generation. Preliminary design of the gas turbine was conducted during 1984–1985 and basic design criteria, such as desired configuration and material properties, were established. Based on the results of the preliminary design, it was decided to apply ceramics to the liner and transition piece of the combustor, the 1st and 2nd stage nozzles and 1st stage rotor in a three stage turbine. As for the rotors, development efforts were also applied to thermal barrier coatings on conventional metal blades. Parallel efforts have been conducted on the development of each ceramic component since 1986. This paper will review the design of ceramic components from structural and material standpoints, and present results obtained from tests conducted under various operational conditions.
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Ohl, Stephen P., and Robert E. Allison. "Ultrasonic Inline Inspection of the Moomba to Sydney Pipeline." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10127.
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For the majority of Australian gas pipelines it is not practical to remove them from service for extended periods of time. This rules out hydrostatic testing as a means of confirming the integrity of older pipelines including those that may contain Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). The Moomba to Sydney pipeline (MSP) at 864 mm (34 inch) nominal bore and 1299 km (807 miles) in length is the largest diameter onshore gas transmission pipeline in Australia. Commissioned in 1976, it has a history of susceptibility to SCC and, in 1982, six years after commissioning, suffered a SCC initiated rupture. Since this time the pipeline owners have operated and maintained the pipeline to ensure no further SCC initiated failures. Maintenance for SCC has included a targeted excavation program which, between 2000 and 2004, found significant SCC colonies. This created the need to develop a more comprehensive approach to locate and identify every significant SCC colony in the pipeline. Several options were considered but the one that was selected as best meeting the performance criteria was the use of an ultrasonic intelligent pig running in a liquid medium. This pigging operation had to be carried out while the pipeline continued in operation with minimal disruption to gas transmission operation. This had never been done before in Australia. The initial intelligent pigging program of the first 162 km (101 miles) of the pipeline was conducted in early 2005 with an additional 292 km (181 miles) pigged in early 2006. This paper provides information on the approach taken to overcome the many technical, operational and commercial challenges of this operation. Water was chosen as the liquid medium and a major issue was the introduction and removal of water from the pipeline while it remained in operation. This could not have been achieved without the co-operation of producers, shippers, network owners, network operators, technical regulators and contractors. The paper also looks at the how the results obtained from the pigging will be used to enable the SCC to be managed in a safe and efficient manner and confirming the safety and fitness for purpose of the MSP now and into the future.
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Coda Zabetta, Edgardo, Patrik Yrjas, Mikko Hupa, Juha Roppo, and Marko Nylund. "Optimizing Ammonia Injection in Bio-Fuelled CFBCs." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78114.
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The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) via ammonia injection (NH3) was investigated for circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFBCs) fuelled with mixtures of coal, peat, wood, bark, and logging residues. The reference boiler was the Alholmen Kraft, i.e. the largest co-fired unit in the world (550 MWth, 194 kg/s, 165 bar, 545 °C). The boiler featured ammonia injectors at the cyclone. Fuel composition, gas composition, and temperature were measured at suitable locations along the boiler while operating with diverse fuel mixtures. A chemical model was developed for analyzing the NOx reduction and was validated against measurements. The model accounts for the elemental composition of fuels, the composition of gases at the cyclone and in the stack, and the profile of temperature from cyclone to stack. The chemical reactions downstream the ammonia injection are described by gas-phase detailed chemical kinetics and accounting for ideal mixing. Measurements and simulations reveal that NOx reductions of over 50% are achievable for any fuel mixture and with moderate amounts of ammonia. Reductions are mainly affected by the temperature. All simulations show the existence of a maximum reduction vs. temperature, whose extent and location is affected by the concentrations of CO, NO, and the molar ratio [NH3]injected/[NO]cyclone. Simulations also indicate that with fuel mixtures other than the mixtures used in the reference boiler the maximum reduction is also affected by the concentrations of H2O, O2, CxHy, and N2O. Finally, simulations suggest an additional strategy for reducing emissions in co-fired CFBCs, where the N2O formed from coal is used to support the NOx reduction by ammonia, thus reducing NOx while maintaining acceptable N2O emissions. Further investigation is necessary for clarifying the details of this strategy. Under all circumstances, the only N-based pollutants predicted in detectable amounts are NO and N2O.
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Mitchell, Kimberly, Xiaopeng Zhao, Robert Bray, Luke Macdougall, Ella Hosse, and Matt Rightsell. "Co-Designing a Friendly Robot to Ease Dementia." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003141.
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Currently the majority of care provided to a person living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia (ADRD) is from a family caregiver. There are approximately 55 million older adults in the world living with AD [1]. By 2030, there is estimated to be 8.4 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s [2]. Due to impaired memory and cognitive function, persons with ADRD often face pressing challenges such as loneliness, social isolation, anxiety, depression, and stress, which in turn accelerate cognitive and functional decline, increase premature mortality, and significantly reduce quality of life in these persons [3-6]. Our project aims to develop a scalable, personalized, accessible tool, named friendly robot to ease dementia (FRED), to engage with persons with ADRD and alleviate their challenges. Using state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics techniques, FRED will assist with cognitive enrichment and physical activity to improve activities of daily living and quality of life for persons with ADRD and their care partners.By incorporating human centered design methods, our research engages the caregiving and Alzheimer and dementia community in the design of a non-drug intervention. Our paper will share results from our participatory focus group, which included people with ADRD and their caregivers (n12), in the assistance of the design and interactions of FRED.A thinking-aloud protocol was adopted once we had a prototype of FRED to share, where users were able to express freely any problems and/or concerns during interaction. Insights from the thinking-aloud results were used to improve the user interface design to enable the users and robot to interact and collaborate in an effective, natural way. Additional focus groups with our improved design are forthcoming.From our first stakeholder focus group, we have identified that ADRD patients need structure, organization, and routine. Initial reactions of the social robot were positive and supportive. Feedback from the focus group was carefully documented and the results will be shared in our paper.[1] World Health Organization, Dementia, 09/20/2022, Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia [2] J. Resendez, S. Monroe, A Vision for Equity in Alzheimer’s Research in 2020, UsAgainstAlzheimer’s; [02/20/2022], Available from https://www.usagainstalzheimers.org/blog/vision-equity-alzheimers-research2020. [3] E.B. Larson, C. Stroud, Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Person’s Living with Dementia and their Care Partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2021. [4] P.N. Bennett, W. Wang, M. Moore, C.Nagle, Care Partner: A Concept Analysis, Nursing Outlook, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 184-194, 2017 [5] National Institute on Aging. Basics of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia, Available from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-is-dementia [6] A. Atri, The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum: Diagnosis and Management. Medical Clinics, Vol. 103, No 2, pp. 263-293, 2019
Reports on the topic "Co 191 1974"
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Young, Allison, Carey Baxter, Joseph Murphey, Karlee Feinen, Madison Story, and Adam Smith. US Air Force Academy Gallagher and Massey ranch houses : Historic American Buildings Surveys CO-237, CO-237-A, and CO-238. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47190.
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The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. The US Air Force Academy is located at the base of the Front Range within El Paso County. The US Air Force Academy has been used for training US Air Force officers since 1954. The Gallagher Ranch House and its associated garage, erected circa 1953, and the Massey Ranch House, erected 1941, are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. This report documents the buildings to the standards of the Historic American Buildings Survey and includes a historic context, architectural descriptions, photographs, and measured drawings. This report satisfies Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as amended and will be used by the US Air Force Academy for mitigation, allowing for the demolition of the three buildings.
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Rogers, Caroline. A synthesis of coral reef research at Buck Island Reef National Monument and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: 1961 to 2022. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294235.
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This synthesis focuses on the history of research on coral reefs within two U.S. National Park Service units in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Buck Island Reef National Monument (from 1961 to 2022) and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (from 1980 to 2022). Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) is off the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1961 and expanded in 2001, it is under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service (NPS). Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and jointly by the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) and the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources (VIDPNR) provide data on trends in living coral cover and specific coral species from 2000 and 2001, respectively. Disease, thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), and hurricanes reduced total coral cover periodically, but cover remained relatively stable from 2007 through the end of 2020. Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) is a national park on the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1992, it is co-managed by the NPS and the Government of the Virgin Islands. Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and by the UVI with the VIDPNR provide data on trends in living coral cover and individual coral species from 2011 and 2001, respectively. In spite of thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), disease, and hurricanes, total coral cover remained relatively stable through the end of 2020. This document also includes results from extensive investigations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and from many individual projects including those based out of the underwater saturation habitats Hydrolab and Aquarius from 1977 to 1989, as well as studies from researchers at Fairleigh Dickinson University’s West Indies Laboratory. While not possible to review all of these in detail, this report highlights information considered useful to managers, and scientists planning future research. In 2021, a particularly virulent disease called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), first noted in 2014 in Florida, and then in 2019 in the U.S. Virgin Islands, started killing corals in BUIS and SARI with the different species showing a gradient of susceptibility. An exact cause or link between this disease and human actions has not been discovered to date. The losses associated with this disease have now exceeded those from any other stressors in these national parks.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.